Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique de létat solide'
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Souris, Fabien. "L'hélium solide métastable en sous-pression." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066170.
Full textIn 1969, it was suggested that atomic vacancies could form a Bose condensate in solid helium-4, which would cause the solid to have superfluid properties. This scenario has still not been observed, because it seems that vacancy activation energy is too high. However, this energy lowers as the molar volume of the solid increases, but this lowering is limited by the melting line. The work presented in this thesis, aims to produce a metastable state relative to melting of solid helium, to extend the lowering of vacancy energy and tend to the realization of the scenario. To this end, we developped a technique allowing us to focus an ultrasonic sound wave inside a helium monocrystal, despite its anisotropy. Pressure oscillations causes by the sound wave bring transiently the solid below its melting pressure, close to 25 bar. An interferometric measurement of the acoustic field, made through the cryostat viewports, is used to determine the pressure of the metastable sample produced. Our results show that one can obtain metastable states down to 21 bar, i. E. 4,5 bar below the melting pressure. Beyond this threshold, the crystal undergoes an unexpected instability, much before the predicted spinodal limit. The instability analysis shows that this could be a nucleation phenomenom of the liquid phase, although the pressure threshold is incompatible with the actual model
Le, Quang Hung. "Microstructures solubles et relations exactes en micromécanique." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0268.
Full textThe macroscopic mechanical properties of a heterogeneous material depend non only on the mechanical properties of its microscopic constituents but also strongly on its microstructure. The first objective of this work is to construct a class of new microstructures for which certain macroscopic properties, linear or nonlinear, can be analytically and explicitly determined. The second purpose of the work is to show the existence of uniform fields in nonlinear heterogeneous materials and to derive the exact relations for their homogenization. Starting from the composite sphere assemblage of Hashin (1962) and Hashin and Shtrikman (1962), a good number of original results are obtained for linear heterogeneous materials. Using the concept of uniform fields and the implicit function theorem, new general relations are deduced for the homogenization of nonlinear heterogeneous materials
STELLMACHER, MAX. "Propriétés physiques des matériaux III - V A non stoechiométrie controlée." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0045.
Full textBorrelli, William. "L'équation de Dirac en physique du solide et en optique non-lineaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED021/document.
Full textRecently, new two-dimensional materials possessing unique properties have been discovered, the most famous being the graphene. In this materials, electrons at the Fermi level behave as massless particles and can be described by the massless Dirac equation. This phenomenon is quite general, and it is a common features of "honeycomb" periodic structures. Moreover, taking into account interaction leads to non-linear Dirac equations, which also appear in the description of light propagation in particular waveguides. The aim of the thesis is to study existence and stability of stationary solutions for those equations with both sub-critical and critical nonlinearities, and to show that they are limit of stationary solutions to the Schroedinger equation with honeycomb potential, for a suitable choice of parameters. This amounts to solving the Euler-Lagrange equation for strongly indefinite energy functionals, involving the Dirac operator. We will deal with critical nonlinearities, which are still poorly understood, and appear naturally in non-linear optics. This results may have an impact on the understanding some solid state or nonlinear optics systems
Devulder, Anne Aubry Denis. "Approche micromécanique du remodelage osseux." S. l. : Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://theses.abes.fr/2009ECAP0020.
Full textRenou, Frédéric Nicolai Taco. "Transition liquide-solide de micelles polymères en solutions denses." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1015.pdf.
Full textBertani, Philippe. "Mesures de distances internucléaires par résonance magnétique nucléaire du solide haute résolution." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13125.
Full textCharmont, Patrick. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la résolution en résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0187.
Full textBornert, Michel. "Morphologie microstructurale et comportement mécanique ; caractérisations expérimentales, approches par bornes et estimations auto-cohérentes généralisées." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113078.
Full textRenou, Frédéric. "Transition liquide-solide de micelles polymères en solutions denses." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1015.pdf.
Full textWater soluble associative polymers are macromolecules with an hydrophilic blaekbone with tethered hydrophobic groups. The polymeric system studied here is hydrophocally end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with alkyl group at one (monofunctionalized polymer) or both ends (di-functionalized) that form, in water, star-like or flower-like micelles respectively. At high concentration, the micelles are highly interpenetrated and jam with each others. At this time a transition from a low viscous liquid to an elastic solid occurs. Since water is a marginal solvent for PEO, one can vary the quality of the solvent by changing the temperature. This means that the liquid-solid transition is both function of concentration and temperature. The main goal of this work is a quantitative study of this liquid-solid transition. Ln particular, this investigation is addresses to the influence of mixing micelles with linear homopolymer or mixing different kinds of micelles
Souris, Fabien. "L'Hélium Solide Métastable en Sous-Pression." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942738.
Full textNAVARRO, OLIVIER. "Elaboration et etude physique des films de grenat pour memoires magnetiques a l'etat solide." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066591.
Full textPaquin, Anne Berveiller Marcel. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement élastoviscoplastique des matériaux hétérogènes." [Metz] : [Université de Metz], 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Paquin.Anne.SMZ9830.pdf.
Full textGachet, Christophe. "Inventaire et hiérarchisation de paramètres structuraux et ultrastructuraux facteurs de variabilité intra spécifique de certaines propriétés mécano physiques de tissus ligneux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12776.
Full textStructural predicting modelling of elastic anisotropic behaviour of gross wood are based on micro macro approach using successive scale changes (cell wall-wood cell, wood cell-tissue, tissue-annual ring). At each of these integrated levels of description is associated a more or less complex set of parameters allowing a local description of the mechanical behaviour. Such modelling presents a double interest: coherence of stacking models permits to clarify the role of each constitutive element allowing to evaluate some properties via experimental values at the upper scale. Simulation of elastic anisotropy of softwood is achieved here by four succesives descriptives scales called " Passages " (Passage 1 from polymers to sub-layer, Passage 2 from sub-layer to double cell wall, Passage 3 from double cell wall to tissue and finally Passage 4 from tissue to annual ring). In this integrated modelling of elastic anisotropy of wood, predicting successive descriptive steps one list, called RSV, of 22 strictly useful parameters is established to describe anisotropic elastic properties of normal softwood. A hierarchising and analysis are achevied and confirm role of microfibrillar angle (MFA) in gross wood elastic anisotropy. Experimentation on compression wood of three softwood allow to compare RSV modelling to results obtained from several methods
Oesterlé, Benoît. "Étude des caractéristiques locales d'un écoulement gaz-solide en suspension diluée : Transferts cinétiques dans la phase solide." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10082.
Full textLee, Jung-Ryul. "Mise en oeuvre de techniques laser interférométriques en vue de l'analyse expérimentale des matériaux et des structures : application aux composites." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSEA001.
Full textThis work is aimed at reporting about a useful comparison result related to the practical applications of the laser interferometry techniques in the field of solid mechanics. Part I gegin with the development of speckle shearography and moiré interferometry and the review of grating shearography. For each technique, performances such as signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, spatial resolution and resolution are defined and evaluated with the actual experimental image data. We also study how the optical or numerical differentiation increment and the low-pass filtering affect each performance. In part II, the three laser interferometric techniques are theoretically compared. Finally, the two applications are discussed in part III. In the first application, grating shearography is selected for investigating the basic behaviour of carbon/epoxy plain-weave fabric composite with large unit cell under tensile loading. In the second application, moiré interferometry is applied to identify the elastic properties of an anisotropic composite laminate NC2. During the identification procedure, this moiré interferometry-based experimental result shows excellent stability to the spatial filtering, which assures compatibility for the determination of the mechanical parameters in practice
Diop, Adama. "Détermination expérimentale et numérique de la propagation du front de fusion d'un mélange binaire : géométrie cylindrique avec transferts pariétaux." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA12A028.
Full textChagras, Valérie. "Simulation eulérienne-lagrangienne d'écoulements gaz-solide non isothermes : intéractions particules-turbulence, application aux écoulements en conduite." Nancy 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007697.
Full textThe aim of this work is to contribute to the numerical modeling of turbulent gas-solid flows in vertical or horizontal non isothermal pipes, which can be found in many industrial processes (pneumatic transport, drying, ). The model is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach allowing a fine description of the interactions between the two phases (action of the fluid upon the particles (dispersion), action of the particles upon the fluid (two way coupling) and between particles (collisions)), more or less influential according to the characteristics of the flow. The numerical developments brought to the model in vertical and horizontal pipe flow have been validated by comparison with available experimental results from the literature. The sensitivity tests highlight the influence of the dispersion model, collisions and turbulence modulation on the dynamic and thermal behavior of the suspension
Moussati, Ali El. "Nouveaux algorithmes pour la modélisation physique macroscopique électrique et électromagnétique des circuits microondesà l'état solide." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10081.
Full textNguyen, Trong Giang. "Modélisation du comportement rhéologique d'alliages à l'état semi-solide." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0122.
Full textDupraz, Maxime. "Diffraction des rayons X cohérents appliquée à la physique du métal." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI103/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties of small objects deviate strongly from the bulk behaviour, as soon as their size becomes comparable or smaller to the dislocation mean free path (typically a few microns). For instance, their elastic limit increase when their size is reduced. On a another hand, nanostructures are exposed to strong constraints, such as that imposed by epitaxial relations with a substrate. Altogether, there is a clear need (supported by industrial interests) for a better understanding of the fundamental phenomena that govern the mechanical properties of materials at the nanometre scale. The lab SIMaP is engaged in this research and tackles the topic by combining sample growth, laboratory characterisation methods, numerical models, and synchrotron techniques.One key experiment developed by our team is the in situ characterisation of the deformation mechanism induced by an AFM tip on a nanostructure using Coherent X-ray Diffraction (CXD). CXD is an emerging synchrotron technique that allows the detailed measurement of the crystal structure,including strain field and defects, of micro/nano-objects. In principle, a 3D image of the structure of the sample can be obtained from the CXD data. However, it remains difficult in realistic cases, when the strain is very inhomogeneous and crystal defects numerous. The problem is further complicated by the wavefront of the beam, which is usually far from a plane wave, particularly when the AFM tip shadows part of the incoming beam. In this PHD work, it is demonstrated that a 3D image of the object can be reconstructed in case of moderately complex systems
Tsutsumi, Kazuo. "Energie de surface et distribution en énergie des sites superficiels de solides minéraux." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULH0007.
Full textAbarenkova, Nina. "Etudes de systèmes intégrables ou de complexes faibles, en physique du solide et systèmes dynamiques discrets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10068.
Full textFournel, André. "Etude de conducteurs de basse dimensionnalité à l'aide de l'effet tunnel." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11349.
Full textYahiaoui, Réda. "Etude par microvibrométrie de films minces et de dispositifs micromécaniques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112024.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work was the development of an optical system which allows non contact characterization of vibration spectra and vibration modes of micromechanical device and the modeling of the measurements for various type of micromechanical test device (cantilever microbeams, microbridges, membranes). Chapter II presents a survey of the analytical and semi-analytical models of the dynamical behavior of the main micromechanical devices. These models are compared with finite elements simulations with ANSYS software. Several correction factors are proposed for cantilever microbeams and microbridges in order to take into account the effective Young's modulus variation with devices as well as the geometrical imperfections and residual stress occurring in real microdevices. In chapter III, the main optical vibrometry techniques for point vibration spectra and vibration modes measurements are analyzed from the needs of microsystems characterization. This allowed to select piezoelectric excitation and interferometric vibrometry as suitable techniques for our experiments. In chapter IV, the optical vibrometer which has been developped is presented in details and its performances for vibration spectra and vibration modeshapes are illustrated on diffrent types of micromechanical devices. At last, models and the optical vibrometer have been applied to the characterization of the Young's modulus and residual stress of various thin films from the resonant frequencies of membranes, microbridges and mcantilever microbeams. In the case of membranes, results obtained by vibrometry and bulge test are in good agreement For cantilever microbeams and microbridges, it is demonstrated that the accuracy of results is largely dependent of the modeling of the clamping configuration
Siebentritt, Matthieu. "Adsorption de l'hématite et son électroréduction en fer en milieu fortement alcalin." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066228.
Full textJeannette, David. "Contributions à l'étude des résonateurs laser à l'état solide munis de miroirs coniques et holographiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26169/26169.pdf.
Full textDegorce, Jean-Yves. "Dynamique hors équilibre de phénomènes de transport dans un solide absorbant, soumis à une impulsion laser." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12950.
Full textHu, Bingwen. "Manipulations des interactions dipole-dipole en RMN de l'état solide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10062/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the recoupling and decoupling of dipolar homonuclear and heteronuclear interactions in solid-state NMR.First, two kinds of techniques for establishing the through-space correlations between quadrupolar nuclei and spin 1/2 nuclei are presented. One is MPCP (Multiple-pulse Cross-Polarization) recoupling sequence and the other one is D-HMQC (Dipolar assisted- Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence) sequence. We evaluate different kinds of dipolar recoupling techniques such as SFAM, SR41², that are used in our D-HMQC. Second, we propose a new 1H homonuclear dipolar decoupling technique labeled SAM (Smooth Amplitude Modulation). This method that is a symmetry-based sequences, works mainly at fast or ultra-fast Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) rates (vR > 25 kHz) and is complementary to previous methods, such as DUMBO, FSLG/PMLG. Third, a novel symmetry-based homonuclear recoupling method (SPIP) that excites double-quantum (DQ) coherences between spin-1/2 nuclei, such as 1H, is presented. Compared to previous 1H DQ-recoupling techniques, this pulse sequence requires moderate rf field, even at ultra-fast MAS speed. Furthermore, it displays higher robustness to both chemical shift anisotropy and spreads in resonance frequencies.Fourth, a new processing scheme, called covariance, is employed in solid state NMR to produce homo-nuclear correlation (HOMCOR) 2D spectra. It can accommodate signal truncation much better than the usual 2D-FT data treatment, without any previous knowledge of the positions and line-widths of the resonances. Besides, covariance methods can be applied to HETCOR NMR data to generate two HOMCOR indirect-covariance spectra
Zarrouati, Marc. "Contributions à la topologie non commutative des solides apériodiques." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30212.
Full textJean-Romain, Jean-Michel. "Détermination de la variation volumique au cours de la déformation plastique des polymères amorphes sollicités en traction uniaxiale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL048N.
Full textThe volume strain of 10 amorphous polymers is determined during uniaxial traction tests. The materials are streched up large deformations. The apparatus measure simultanously the constitutive plastic behavior and the correspondant evolution of the volume strain. The tests are carry out at différent temperatures and strain rate. Some physicals, measurements and microscopic observations allow to follow the evolution of the microstructure of the materials during the deformation. The compaction is due to reorganisation of the marcomolecules. The damage is due to crazing in the materials. ExpérimentaIs artefacts are investigated and we found that the compaction and the damage are amplified by the measurement system. The amplitude of these artefacts depend on the experimental conditions which further some localized mode of plastic deformation. The isochorus constitutive behavior is obtained by corrected from the experimental one by relations which are related to the orientation and to the morphology of the cavities. A model can reproduces in a good manner the intrinsic behavior of the materials of the study. The volume strain is modeled by means of three elementary mechanisms of deformation
Paquin, Anne. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement élastoviscoplastique des matériaux hétérogènes." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Paquin.Anne.SMZ9830.pdf.
Full textLemaire, Thibault. "Couplage électro-chimio-hydro-mécaniques dans les milieux argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL116N.
Full textThe aim of fuis study is to understand coupled phenomena that occur in swelling porous materials like clays. Electro-chemo-hydro-mechanical contributions are taken into account to analyze transfers in such minerais. Ln a first fart, an general discussion is proposed to introduce mineralogical and physico- chemical considerations of clayey media. An important objective of this chapter is to show the crucial role of the microstructure. Ln a second part is presented an imbibition test in a MX80 bentonite powder. The hydraulic diffusivity versus water content curve's decrease is explained thanks to a double porosity model that shows the progressive collapse of mesopores due to swelling effects at the microscale. Thus a multi- scale analysis is necessary to weil describe clayey media behaviour. The third chapter exposes such a multi-scale modelling (periodic homogenization). It is based on the double-layer theory and introduces an innovative concept of virtual electrolyte solution. First numerical results are given in a simple geometry (parai lei platelets). Ln the next part are proposed numerical simulations of two kinds : response of the system to a chemical gradient and simulation of electro-osmosis. The end of this chapter puts into relief the necessity to integrate pH effects in the model. In the last part, chemical surface exchanges are incorporated in the modelling to understand pH and ionic force roles in electro-osmotic process
Koutsawa, Yao Daya El Mostafa. "Modélisation et conception multi-échelles des matériaux : de la description atomique discrète aux modèles du continu Application aux propriétés amortissantes des pare-brises /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2008/Koutsawa.Yao.SMZ0830.pdf.
Full textBoulahbak, Mustapha. "Etude de la transférabilité des pseudopotentiels de l'état solide à l'état liquide : application au calcul de la structure des métaux liquides." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Boilahbak.Mustapha.SMZ9650.pdf.
Full textPseudopotentials were originally introduced to simplify electronic structure calculations by eliminating the need to include the atomic core states and the strong potentials responsible for binding them. These potentials were then screened using a linear dielectric function method via local-field correction, G(q). In this work, we study the structure and thermodynamical properties of liquid metals by means of integral equation theory as well as molecular dynamics. It is developed around two main ideas. In the first part, we examine the extend to which the first principles pseudopotenitals can be transferred successfully from the solid state to other environments. We used both Bachelet et al. (BHS) and Fiolhais' model potentials. The latter appears to describe correctly the structure as well as the thermodynamical properties of each alkali metal. We clearly point out that the BHS's pseudopotential is not transferable except for Na. The second idea is a study of the effet of exchange and correlation in the theory of simple metals. It appears that the alkali, with one valence electron per atom, have relatively high rs valus. For this reason, the structure is quite insensitive to the form of G (q) while the thermodynamic quantities depend on it. On the contrary, for polyvalent metals, with small rs values, G (q) has a great influence already on the structure factor
Mom, Sophanarith. "Modèle d'homogénéisation itérative numérique pour des milieux non linéaires morphologiquement riches : application aux comportements de bétons de chanvre." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066558.
Full textA multi-scale modelling technique is here improved with the aim of predicting the behaviour of hemp and lime concretes (HLC). The approach under consideration allows to take into account in a direct manner the microstructural richness of HLC by means of an iterative homogenisation scheme. HLC are indeed higly-filled materials with bar shaped particles and high porosity rates. The local problem of each homogenisation step is numerically solved through finite elements simulations providing thus an estimate of local fields and their fluctuations. The anisotropic behaviour of the material is also directly taken into account in a 3D context within reasonable CPU time. The nonlinear behaviour of one phase with respect to compaction is also accounted for. As an illustration the method is here put into practice to model the anisotropic behaviour of HLC. In order to validate the results thus obtained, the latter are eventually compared to external experimental data
Kerkour-El, Miad Abdelhamid. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement cyclique des polycristaux sous chargements multiaxiaux à déformation et à contrainte imposées avec l'effet de la forme du grain." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066326.
Full textScholtès, Luc. "Modélisation micro-mécanique des milieux granulaires partiellement saturés." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0142.
Full textUnsaturated soils, and, more generally, multi-phase granular materials, have been mainly studied in the framework of continuum mechanics. As the behavior of these materials depends on particle interactions, a micromechanical approach is proposed, based upon numerical simulations using the Discrete Element Method. At low water contents, the presence of water leads to the formation of menisci between neighboring grains that can be well interpreted by the capillary theory. Starting from the local description of the capillary effects, a 3D discrete model has been developped. Macroscopic properties of low saturated granular materials are then investigated, both in terms of water retention and shear strength, from direct simulations on numerical granular assemblies. Besides, homogenisation techniques are performed. The analyses prove the crucial role of pore fluid distribution in the bulk, and computations allow a capillary stress tensor to be exhibited from capillary forces. Emphasizing this capillary stress contribution, the effective stress is reviewed. Finally, an application is proposed to simulate the wetting induced collapse of unsaturated materials
Porras, Rey Gregorio Orlando. "Modélisation des phénomènes de transport en milieu diphasique déformable (solide-liquide binaire) : simulation 2D du séchage convectif." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3017.
Full textOne of the themes of the " Laboratoire Thermique Energétique et Procédés de Pau " is the study and the optimisation of separation processes as drying, dehydration Impregnation soaking or filtration for example. In this context, this work deals with modelling of energy, mass and momentum transport phenomena in a deformable solid/binary liquid medium. The thesis deals with diffusion and rheological behaviour and focuses on the description of the liquid phase convective transport without introducing an usual non physical equivalent transport coefficient. Conservation equations are first written for each phase. The macroscopic partial differential equations are derived by integrating over a representative volume these microscopic conservation laws. By introducing at phase scale the rheological behavior of a classic fluid for the liquid phase and by integrating the obtained equation, Darcy's law is established. This law links the average liquid velocity to the natural driving force : the pressure gradient. The difficulty is then to express the average pressure of the liquid phase which cannot be deduced from the capillary pressure like in three-phase media. In the literature, authors get round this difficulty by introducing arbitrarily a phenomenological law which supposes that the pressure depends on the liquid volume fraction. This law constitutes an important limitation to the analysis of transport mechanisms. From a physical point of view, the driving force is undoubtedly without any foundations. From a practical point of view, an equivalent transport coefficient must be identified numerically by matching experimental and predicted data in such a way that model and process become dependant. The main novelty of the model proposed is that such a law is not introduced by keeping solid mass conservation and solid volume conservation together. Modelling is then applied to the convective drying of an elastic medium. Two dimensional simulations show notably that pressure gradient and moisture gradient are not linked contrary to the literature hypothesis
Rhouzlane, Saïd. "Rheologie des mixtures solide-liquide : conception et realisation d'un viscosimetre rotatif a entre fer large." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13079.
Full textCiracì, Cristian. "Study of second-harmonic generation in nonlinear nanostructured materials." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20053.
Full textThe past twenty years have been exceptionally rich on the study and fabrication of nanostructured materials to control light, but no much attention was given to nonlinear optical properties of these novel materials. In this context, the present thesis would partially address this gap. In particular, we focus on the second-harmonic generation process, by considering two fundamental aspects: the second-harmonic emission control by means of nanostructured nonlinear materials and the conversion enhancement in integrated photonic devices. A novel nonlinear localization phenomenon occurring in left-handed materials and involving isotropic phase-matching is presented. We analytically demonstrate the localization process in a homogenous left-handed material and by numerical simulation we show the effect for nonlinear photonic crystals. The backward second-harmonic localization effect is used to design a second-harmonic lens. This interesting theoretical result is numerically shown for a feasible structure working at optical frequencies. The second-harmonic generation enhancement is the complementary aspect. By taking advantage of the strong light localization achieved in finite size dielectric nonlinear nanorod chains, we show that sub-wavelength transversal confinement, together with the resonant phase-matching condition, adds an important property to the second-harmonic generation enhancement. A study of linear propagation properties of nanorod chain structures first evidences its sub-wavelength guiding capabilities. Finally, the phase-matching condition that assures the maximal nonlinear interaction in this kind of structure is presented
Georgelin, Marc. "Etude expérimentale des instabilités secondaires en croissance cristalline directionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11048.
Full textMonerie, Yann. "Fissuration des matériaux composites : rôle de l'interface fibre-matrice." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22054.
Full textMbongo, Bonaventure. "Liaison métal-céramique par thermocompression : Influence de l'état initial des matériaux et de la pression partielle d'oxygène." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1583_bmbongo.pdf.
Full textMorinière, Maxime. "Formalismes et méthodes pour le calcul de la réponse linéaire des systèmes isolés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY096/document.
Full textThe linear response on the time-dependent density functional theory is studied in the wavelets formalism used in the BigDFT code, that allows the representations of electronic wave-functions on a simulation grid in real space. The goal of this study is to determine a reference excitation spectrum for a given system and exchange-correlation potential.It appears that only one part of the spectrum can be easily brought to convergence with respect to the input parameters of BigDFT, which are the simulation grid extension and the number of unoccupied continuum orbitals considered in the spectrum calculation. The energy of the last unoccupied orbital used actually proves to be more important as a parameter than this number of unoccupied orbitals. This is justified by the study of the completeness of the basis sets made of the ground state orbitals of the system. This gives another point of view regarding spectrum obtained by using the Gausian basis sets formalism, as the one implemented in the code NWChem.As to the convergence of the spectrum at higher energy, concerning transitions between occupied orbitals and unoccupied orbitals of the continuum, the hope for a convergence faces the problem of the continuum collapse. One therefore has to think of another way of retrieving the data contained in this continuum.The resonant states formalism, whose foundations were laid in the first half of the 20th century, is very encouraging in this regard. A preliminary study in the case of the one-dimension square well potential is therefore presented. The first step consisted in the determination of these resonant states, whose energies and wavefunctions are complex valued in general. Their normalization was also clearly defined. It is then shown, under certain conditions, that the basis set formed by the eigenstates of this potential, including the continuum states, can be efficiently replaced by a discrete and complete basis set made of resonant states. Numerical applications also show that these states can also be advantageously used to define the Green's function or even compute the time propagation of a wavepacket
Prussel, Lucie. "Ab-initio description of optical nonlinear properties of semiconductors under an electrostatic field." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX051/document.
Full textA deep understanding of the optical properties of solids is crucial for the improvement of nonlinear materials and devices.It offers the opportunity to search for new materials with specific properties.One way to tune some of those properties is to apply an electrostatic field. This gives rise to electro-optic effects.The most known among those is the Pockel or linear electro-optic effect (LEO), which is a second order response property.An important nonlinear process is the second harmonic generation (SHG), where two photons are absorbed bythe material and a photon is emitted at twice the energy of the incoming photon. While this process is sensitive tothe symmetry of the material, adding a static field would enable a nonlinear response from every material,including centrosymmetric ones. This happens through a third order process, named EFISH (Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic).We have developed a theoretical approach and a numerical tool to study these two nonlinear properties (LEO and EFISH)in the context of Time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT), and we have applied it to the case of bulk SiC andGaAs as well as layered systems such as Si/Ge
Dujardin, Nicolas. "Vitrification à l’état solide du glucose et maîtrise de la mutarotation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10087/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the solid state vitrification of glucose by mechanical milling and the control of its mutarotation. All the results have been obtained by XRD, DSC, TGA and Raman experiments. Our results show that crystalline a and ß glucose can be amorphized upon high energy ball milling. This route to the glassy state leads to remarkable anomerically pure amorphous states which cannot be obtained by the usual amorphisation processes (thermal quench…). We use this unique opportunity: 1. To show that the amorphisation upon milling occurs directly in the solid state through mechanisms which are fundamentally different from those implied in the quench of the liquid. 2. To form amorphous molecular alloys a-glucose / ß-glucose by co-milling on the whole concentration range. Furthermore, the control of the anomeric concentration gives the possibility to study, for the first time, the phase diagram of an anomeric binary mixture. 3. To study, from original way, the kinetics of mutarotation directly in the solid state. This study revealed the existence of an unexpected coupling between the mechanism of mutarotation (local process), and, the slow structural relaxation around Tg (cooperative process). Moreover, the microstructural evolution of glucose upon milling shows that amorphisation results from two mechanisms: an amorphisation on the crystallite surface area induced by violent shocks during milling and a spontaneous amorphisation of crystallites when their size becomes smaller than a critical size
Louyer, Yann. "Développement de sources lasers à l'état solide pour la réalisation d'une horloge optique basée sur l'atome d'argent." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005897.
Full textle cadre du développement d'une horloge optique basée sur une
transition à deux photons de 661 nm de l'Ag de largeur naturelle
~1 Hz. Afin de profiter du facteur de qualité de la
résonance, il faudra travailler sur un échantillon d'atomes
refroidis par laser, la longueur d'onde nécessaire étant de 328
nm. Ce mémoire concerne plus précisément la mise au point de
sources lasers solides pour améliorer la fiabilité de l'expérience
actuelle. Le cristal laser de Nd:YLF, pompé par diode laser,
permet d'accéder aux longueurs d'onde 1322 nm et 1312 nm. Le
doublage en fréquence de la première source fournira la radiation
à 661 nm tandis que deux étapes de doublage permettront d'obtenir,
à partir des photons à 1312 nm, une onde à 656 nm puis
une onde à 328 nm. Nous avons développé un modèle théorique, tenant
compte des effets thermiques et notamment des processus de
recombinaison Auger, afin de dimensionner différentes
configurations laser à tester (cavité linéaire, à mode hélicoïdal,
cavité en anneau réinjectée). Grâce à la dernière, nous avons
réalisé des sources continues, monomodes, d'environ 2 W, à 1322
nm et à 1312 nm. Ces cavités se prêtant au doublage de fréquence,
nous avons obtenu des puissances de 440 mW à 661 nm et 340 mW à
656 nm. Par ailleurs, une étude théorique des probabilités de
transition de l'atome d'argent à l'aide des codes de Cowan a été
entreprise, afin d'une part de chiffrer l'ordre de grandeur de la
puissance laser nécessaire et d'autre part, d'estimer la durée de
vie du niveau métastable, jusqu'alors obtenue
uniquement par comparaison
avec une transition quadrupolaire de l'ion mercure.
Léger, Jean-Michel. "Magnétométrie à pompage optique : conception, réalisation et évaluation des performances d'un magnétomètre scalaire utilisant l'hélium 4 pompé par un laser LNA." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10064.
Full textCaldas, Helena. "Le frottement solide sec : le frottement de glissement et de non glissement. Étude des difficultés des étudiants et analyse de manuels." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070014.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to tackle the difficulties met by students as they were confronted with physical situations in which phenomena of sliding friction (kinetic friction) or nonsliding friction (static friction) between the non-lubricated contact zones of the solids concerned are at work ("frottement solid sec" or "dry solid friction"). The research is based on a "priori analysis" (the study of friction both from a physical and didactic point of view, a short exploratory survey, empirical classroom observations of teaching methods dealing with friction and a partial analysis of the reference textbooks used by students and teachers) where a number of questions and hypoteses are explicitly put forward. The second part is concerned with analyzing the results of (written) questionnaires submitted to students from different backgrounds (different countries of origin and different academic levels). These questionnaires were elaborated in order to test our hypotheses. The resulting analyses lead to a synthetic description of the students'ideas and ways of reasoning concerning frictioin. The students' ways of reasoning bear the following characteristics : the students seem to have a one-siled notion of friction (no-distinction between static and kinetic friction) which is represented by only one resultant of the contact forces (newton's third law is not applied) ; the resultant is located at interface level ("between" the solids) and only has an effect on the solid above the interface ("effet dessus-dessous", or "upper-lower effet"). This single force has a welldefined direction and is determined by the direction of the "effective" (given) motion of the solids studied - this single force is constantly opposed to the "effective" motion of the solids (the relative motion of the solids are not taken into consideration)