Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique des sols'
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Boussaid, Khaled. "Sols intermédiaires pour la modélisation physique." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2130.
Full textLe, Manh Hai. "Caractérisation physique et mécanique des sols marins d'offshore profond." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003828.
Full textFellague-Chebra, Abdelkader. "Comportement mécanique et propriétés physiques de différents sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10033.
Full textKeita, Emmanuel. "Physique du séchage des sols et des matériaux de construction." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1172/document.
Full textDrying of building materials and soils plays a major role in their final properties and is a main economics and environmental issue. In this thesis, we study the drying of complex porous media to better understand the impact of particles in the interstitial fluid. With a clear scale separation between the sample, pores and particles sizes, we observe water and particles distributions by camera, MRI, X-ray tomography and confocal microscope. We show that the fluid evolution and the drying kinetics are coupled. We study three kinds of fluids: pure liquid, hard and soft particles suspensions. The drying rate of pure water remains constant and generally persists until the majority of water is evaporated. The fluid flows through the porous network, due to capillary depression, to provide water to the free surface where evaporation occurs. We show, by Finite Elements Method, that the drying rate is very sensitive to the shape of the air/water interface. Particles suspensions always slow down the drying kinetics compare to pure water. At low volume fraction, particles migrate towards the surface and drying rate is linked to the increases of the compacted area. Soft particles can compress, thus the compacted area may shrink and influences drying rate. At high volume fraction, viscous dissipation is high and limit the fluid flow therefore particles do not migrate and the drying kinetics is slow
Jenck, Orianne Kastner Richard Dias Daniel. "Le Renforcement des sols compressibles par inclusions rigides verticales modélisation physique et numérique /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=jenck.
Full textBoukelia, Ahmed. "Modélisations physique et numérique des géostructures énergétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0241/document.
Full textEnergy geostructures are civil engineering structures equipped with energy exchanger elements in order to store heat seasonally. The aim of this study is the use of compacted soil to store energy through installation of horizontal exchangers in an embankment. During the soil compaction, two parameters were controlled: the water content w and the dry density ρd. This parameters as well as the soil nature, the mechanical load path and the cyclic temperature variation may affect the storage capacity and the system stability. This work includes an experimental part and a modeling part. In the experimental part, the impact of the temperature variation is studied on the thermal and mechanical properties of the compacted soil. The Plaisir loam (PL) extracted from the Paris region was investigated through laboratory tests at a temperatures range of 20 to 50°C. The results showed that the thermal properties of the compacted soils increased on the dry side of the compaction curve. This evolution was clearly confirmed for higher temperatures. The application of cyclic temperature variations showed reversible evolutions in the thermal properties after one cycle. The results of unconfined compressive tests and pressuremeter tests showed that heating induces a softening of the material whereas several temperature cycles induce a stiffening of the material. Thereafter, a coupled thermo-hydraulic modeling of an embankment made of the compacted Plaisir loam is performed in order to optimize the storage system. The comparison of different modelling results, fixed the temperature sensors spacing that minimizes the interactions between them, and the optimal distance between the last sensors and the bottom of the slope. It is shown that if an appropriate thermal program is chosen, the heat storage in the embankment could be possible. A better efficiency of the storage capacity can be reached by introducing 3 temperature sensors rows in the storage and by covering the storage with a thermal insulation. The simulation of this scenario over 10 years including temperature cycles shows a heating of the embankment for several years, until to reach an equilibrium state after the 7th year
Rémy, Mathieu. "Reconstitution de propriétés physiques d'un sol organique affaissé : essais de différents amendements." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66448.
Full textOrganic soils are very productive, and their physical and chemical properties allow for the cultivation of high quality, high-volume foodstuffs. Unfortunately, the quality of organic soils and the physical properties that make them so productive quickly deteriorate as soon as they are drained for cultivation. In order to preserve the agronomic potential of these soils, soil protection and conservation measures are being studied. Among these, the addition of crushed plant biomass is considered to help slow down or stabilize soil losses and maintain physical properties of these soils. This method was studied in a greenhouse experimental design. Two types of biomass (miscanthus and willow) at rates of 15 and 30 t/ha were applied to a collapsed organic soil. Four fibre length mixtures ranging from 5 to 45 mm were studied on three cycles of leafy vegetables (spinach, rocket, spinach). A significant reduction in crop yields with increasing biomass dose was noted for the first production cycle. No significant yield fluctuations were noted in the second cycle, in contrast to the third one, where yields increased significantly for treatments with an amendment rate of 30 t/ha. The various measurements taken at the end of the three production cycles to evaluate soil properties did not reveal any significant improvement in the physical or hydraulic properties of the soils following biomass applications. Significant variations were obtained for some chemical characteristics measured, with no clear results to help explain the yield variations obtained. Biomass amendment is a promising method that requires more studies in order to understand the processes involved.
Ouvry, Jean-Frédéric. "Étude physique et rhéologique des argiles congelées : application à l'argile profonde de Boom (Belgique) /." Orléans : BRGM, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34875798f.
Full textJenck, Orianne. "Le renforcement des sols compressibles par inclusions rigides verticales : modélisation physique et numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143331.
Full textCe travail de thèse constitue une contribution à la compréhension du comportement de ce type d'ouvrage, et s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la modélisation des mécanismes se développant dans le matelas de transfert de charge. Il comporte trois parties. La première partie présente le contexte et les objectifs. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la constitution d'une base de données
expérimentale précise et complète en terme d'efforts et de déplacements, afin de servir de référence à diverses approches de modélisation numérique. Pour cela, un modèle physique bidimensionnel mettant en oeuvre des matériaux analogiques est développé.
La troisième partie concerne la modélisation numérique. La première étape consiste en une modélisation bidimensionnelle en milieu continu, validée à partir des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur le modèle réduit. Des modèles de comportement spécifiques aux divers matériaux sont mis en oeuvre. L'analyse paramétrique peut alors être étendue numériquement. La seconde étape de la modélisation numérique consiste en la mise en oeuvre de simulations tridimensionnelles en milieu continu de cas réalistes. Les comportements du sol du matelas et du sol compressible sont pris en compte par des modèles de diverses complexités. Le système est d'abord pris en compte par une cellule élémentaire du maillage en conditions drainées, puis par une section courante de remblai présentant des talus latéraux.
Grégoire, Vincent. "L’apport de biomasse végétale et l’amélioration des propriétés hydrauliques des sols organiques cultivés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66302.
Full textSouth of Montreal (Québec, Canada), an area of 12 000 hectares is well known for its vegetable production. Accumulated vegetation led an organic soil with advantageous properties for vegetable production when compared to typical mineral soils. However, several degradation processes are affecting soil properties and a too low level (under 40 cm) of the organic layer thickness may be reached within in the next decades if conservation practices are not implemented. Physical and hydraulic properties have shown signs of deterioration leading to drainage problems. Thus, soil conservation strategies need to be developed to ensure the sustainable use of these agricultural land. Incorporation of plant biomass could compensate for losses of organic matter and could also improve the soil physical properties. To validate this mitigation practice, different vegetal biomass rates from woody and grass species were incorporated into undisturbed organic soil cores before an incubation period of 12 months. Discrete measurements allowed for the evaluation of the amplitude and persistency of the biomass effect on various physical and hydraulic properties. After an application of biomass at high rate (20% v/v), the final soil height within the cores increased up to 73 mm when compared to control cores. The modelling of the soil water retention curves led to linear relations between biomass application rates and air content. The latter increasing from 23,8% to 37,8% in the surface soil layer throughout the incubation period, but had only a minor effects on deeper soil layers. Three indicators of performance were chosen to evaluate the drainage behavior, which appeared to be fast under the experimental conditions. Drainage was slowed down with increasing biomass application rate, but surface aeration improved on the other end. In general, wood type biomass had a greater influence than the grass type biomass on the studied variables.
Attou, Fatiha. "Etude experimentale d'assemblages squelette - argile : apport a la comprehension du comportement physique des sols." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2023.
Full textBaudouin, Gaëlle. "Sols renforcés par inclusions rigides : modélisation physique en centrifugeuse de remblais et de dallage." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2046.
Full textThe reinforcement of soft soil by vertical rigid piles consists on anchoring a group of piles in a square mesh, in the bedrock below the soft soil. A granular load transfer mattress is laid on the soil. Finally, the load due to the structure is directly applied. There is no mechanical connection between the structure and the piles. The aim of National Project ASIRI is to improve the knowledge of this technique from the point of views of the behaviour and the design. The parametric study aims at contributing to it. For that, a 3D reduced scale centrifuge model was developed to study the influence of the height of the mattress (a mix of Hostun sands), the pile spacing and the type of the load (embankment or slab). The results concern the interaction between the parameters on the behaviour of the reinforcement in terms of reduction of the settlements (total and differential) and the transfer of the load from the soil to the piles
Seladji, Samir. "Caractérisation et suivi par méthodes géoélectriques de la dégradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liée au tassement." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066522.
Full textFerber, Valéry. "Déformations induites par l'humidification des sols fins compactés : apport d'un modèle de microstructure /." Paris : Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40207289n.
Full textBibliogr. p. 278-289. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Aichi, Hamouda. "Caractérisation des propriétés du sol par télédétection rapprochée et spatiale en milieux tempéré et aride." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARD054.
Full textSpectroscopy in the visible-Near infrared (Vis-Nir) in combination with chemometry (As Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)) constitutes a promising tool to quantify various soil properties. Four analytical and soil spectral data bases have been constituted. The first corresponds to 22 artificial samples. The second and the third are two regional bases, respectively compounds of 125 samples from the temperate region of Brittany and 89 samples, collected in three distinct sites of the same arid region of the Djerid. The fourth is a compound of 144 samples collected on a given site of the Djerid region (580 ha). With the first base, we have : i) studied qualitatively, the influence of organic carbon and total iron contents on the spectral behavior then predicted their contents ii) studied the performance variation of the PLSR models according to the calibration set variation. The Brittany base has been analyzed for the organic carbon (CO), the totalnitrogen (Ntot), the pH, the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), the total ioron (Fetot) and coarses sand (SG)). Then while using the Principal Compotent Analysis (PCA), as selection procedure of calibration and prediction samples, we calibrated the regional 10 physico-chemical properties models and identified, for each property, which of the spectral ranges : combined Vis-NIR, Vis or NIR, offers the best prediction. The third basis served to study for the total carbon (Ctot) and the electric conductivity (EC), the effect of the calibration mode “specific site” versus” “regional” on the prediction. The third basis served to study, for the total carbon (Ctot) and the electric conductivity (EC), the effect of the calibration mode”specific site” versus “regional” on the prediction
Colleuille, Hervé. "Approches physique et morphologique de la dynamique structurale des sols. : Application à l'étude de deux séquences pédologiques tropicales." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066536.
Full textAl, @Addan Fathel. "Biophysique du sol : étude quantitative des relations entre le travail lombricien et des propriétés de sols méditerranéens." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20166.
Full textLafond, Jonathan. "Variabilité multi-échelle de la diffusion des gaz dans le sol." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27889/27889.pdf.
Full textHernandez, Laura. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols de différents écosystèmes forestiers français : origine, distribution physique et chimique et facteurs de contrôle." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30067.
Full textVissac, Carole. "Les terres rapportées dans les jardins du XVIe au XIXe siècles : caractérisation de l'impact anthropique à différentes échelles d'organisation du sol." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0040.
Full textFerber, Valéry. "Sensibilité des sols fins compactés à l'humidification : apport d'un modèle de microstructure." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2117.
Full textPiron, Denis. "Distribution de la drilosphère lombricienne et caractérisation bio-physique des faciès de bioturbation sous gradient de désintensification du travail mécanique des sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456024.
Full textNdira, Victor. "Substances humiques du sol et du compost : analyse élémentaire et groupement atomiques fictifs : vers une approche thermodynamique." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000476/.
Full textDuan, Zhibo. "Caractérisation, stabilisation et solidification de sédiments fins marins." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2018.
Full textDredged materials are necessary to the give a safe access to the harbours and a high environment quality to them. So an important volume of fine marine sediments is produced. Consequently the management in respect with a sustainable development need to find alternative solutions to the damping at sea or to the storage on shore. Many research works have been run on the valorisation of fine sediments but actually, all of them consider only one specific sediment, and the results are difficult to be applied to other sediments because of the lack of recommendation or criteria for the choice of valorisation in public works or civil engineering (Chapter I and II). For any study of valorisation, all characteristics about marine sediments must be well defined taken into account the variability of them. The chapters (III and IV) are focussed on the properties of a series of harbour sediments (9) according their origin. Physical properties, sedimentation and consolidation parameters are studied and finally a recap of all characteristics are given and a list of them are suggested as a list of parameters required to look at a valorisation of sediments. The choice of the type of valorisation are depending i) on these properties and parameters and ii) on the mechanical and environmental performances relative to the final application. The sediments have been treated to improve their characteristics through a stabilisation / solidification techniques using cement and lime (Chapters V and VI). The reuse for embankment and for road sublayers is considered. The reuse of natural sediment or weakly mixed with cement sediment have been discussed. A construction of an embankment in a confined site is possible in respect with the needed mechanical and environmental properties
Sai͏̈ssac, Marie-Paule, and Serge Chauzy. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des transferts lents de charges électriques entre le sol et le nuage d'orage." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30129.
Full textSierra, Jorge. "Etude de l'anoxie dans les sols à structure agrégée en relation avec la respiration microbienne." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10076.
Full textBarataud, Fabienne. "Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
Full textBachmann, Damien. "Modélisation physique tridimensionnelle des mouvements gravitaires de grande ampleur en milieu rocheux." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133173.
Full textNous avons étudié ce phénomène par une approche de modélisation physique (expérimentale) tridimensionnelle. Le premier objectif de la thèse à donc été de finaliser la mise au point d'un protocole expérimental original récemment conçu. Cette méthode est fondée sur l'utilisation de nouveaux matériaux analogiques et d'un dispositif de chargement gravitaire original permettant de réaliser des modèles satisfaisant les critères de similarités physique. Ce protocole présente également l'avantage de pouvoir observer la déformation des modèles de manière incrémentale, ainsi que de permettre la réalisation de coupes pour visualiser la déformation en profondeur. Notre étude a permis de montrer que la profondeur maximale de la surface de rupture est comparable à la hauteur de l'édifice affecté. Par ailleurs, au cours de l'évolution de la rupture, ces phénomènes profonds participent au déclenchement de mouvements gravitaires de plus petite taille. Il a également pu être mis en évidence que la topographie à grande échelle est un facteur majeur contrôlant la géométrie et la répartition des mouvements gravitaires.
Bouvet, Mickaël. "Transfert dans les sols routiers de métaux lourds issus de l'utilisation de déchets." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL021N.
Full textEconomic stakes on raw materials and harmful effects linked to waste landfill, lead to the re-use of
Le, Van Cuong. "Étude sur modèle physique du renforcement des sols par colonnes en « Soil-Mix » : application aux plates-formes ferroviaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1029/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the behaviour of soil-mix columns used to reinforce railway platforms in France. This research, mainly experimental, is based on a physical modelling approach. Two case studies have been conducted, the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column and the mechanical behaviour of the material “soil-mix” at young age under cyclic loading. Concerning the degradation of the local friction mobilized at the interface soil-column, an experimental program on a physical model has been carried out. A model of a column slice instrumented with load sensors within a mass of reconstituted silt has been developped. The main objective was to evaluate the local skin friction mobilized along the soil-mix column under monotonic and cyclic loading. The main point of interest was the evolution of skin friction under large number of cycles (100 000 cycles). The experimental program highlighted the influence of key parameters such as the cyclic displacement amplitude, the vertical stress applied to the soil sample, the loading direction. The results obtained show a good consistency with the results of the literature on steel piles in sand. In a second step, we studied the effect of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the material “soil-mix” during the first hours after the realization of the columns. This case is directly related to the railway context in which the constraint of traffic continuity is one strong request of SNCF. Tests on a simplified physical model have been carried out in order to study the mechanical behaviour of the material "soil mix" at 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24 h after realization of the column and after 2000 loading cycles. It has been shown that the cyclic loading does not cause degradation of the "soil-mix" material. On the contrary, there is an increase of the unconfined compression strength, the higher as the column is loaded rapidly after its realization
Onier, Charles. "Caractérisation du résultat d'un travail du sol à l'aide d'un capteur micro-ondes : analyse numérique et expérimentale des interactions surfaciques et volumiques des ondes électromagnétiques avec le sol." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG0033.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the soil characterization abilities of microwave sensor thank to a study of the interactions between the electromagnetic waves and the soil. This study follows a numerical approach reinforced by some experimental data. After a short review about the electromagnetic waves scattering by rough heterogeneous media and the existent models, the work focus on the development of a simulator. This leads firstly to a composition of different numerical methods which can model the free-space wave propagation with complex semi-infinite 2D structures, and secondly to a development of a rough heterogeneous medium generator which can represent, thank to an aggregate approach, a soil section. Some tests based on theoretical and experimental data are then performed which show good agreements for either electromagnetic wave scattering or soil representations. At the end, the work focus on the study of the soil characterization using a radar. In that way, experimental data gives the inputs of the soil generator to generate realistic structural states of soil which should be discriminated and simulation series are launched. The results show that different structural states may be discriminated by backscattering coefficient measures at different incidence angles. This coefficient is mainly influenced by the roughness due to the presence of clods at the surface. However, the roughness is not directly linked to the clod size and the backscattering coefficient is also influenced by the moisture : further investigations are still needed. Mainly, information on the volume are visible in the scattering signal and a temporal signal processing may allow to extract them
Gérard, Émilie. "Caractérisation du cadmium phytodisponible des sols par méthodes isotopiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_GERARD_E.pdf.
Full textAguilera, Maria Eugenia. "Modélisation physique et prévention de l'endommagement des abords de puits par dépôts asphalténiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13236.
Full textAsphaltene deposition in the near wellbore region provokes permeability reduction and severe well productivity decline. The aims of this work are to investigate the kinetics of asphaltene deposition and to explore new ways to prevent asphaltene induced formation damage through avoiding asphaltene adsorption onto rock surface. Experiments were performed by injecting Weyburn, Hassi Messaoud and Arabian Light crude oils into sandstone cores. Asphaltene deposition takes place according to the scaling law of Diffusion Limited Deposition (DLD) and Shear Limited Deposition (SLD) regimes (capture efficiency proportional to shear rate at –s power law). The results demonstrated that above a lower critical shear rate, which depends on asphaltene aggregation state, the multilayer deposition kinetics is slowed down upon increasing injection flow rate. The dependence between deposition efficiency and shear rate switches from S = -2/3 (DLD) to -5/3 (SLD). We found that in the presence of an energy barrier the deposition efficiency power law becomes s=-2 in SLD. The results also put into evidence the existence of an upper critical shear rate value beyond which multilayer deposition is hindered. On the other hand, an innovative approach is proposed in order to avoid asphaltene adsorption, this approach consist in a dibloc copolymer adsorption onto porous media surface in order to mitigate asphaltene adsorption. In conclusion, the "colloidal approach" is a valuable route for asphaltene deposition modeling that can be used to develop a more realistic asphaltene near-wellbore damage model. The dibloc copolymer tested is an efficient way to diminish asphaltene induced formation damage
Lemaire, Thibault. "Couplage électro-chimio-hydro-mécaniques dans les milieux argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL116N.
Full textThe aim of fuis study is to understand coupled phenomena that occur in swelling porous materials like clays. Electro-chemo-hydro-mechanical contributions are taken into account to analyze transfers in such minerais. Ln a first fart, an general discussion is proposed to introduce mineralogical and physico- chemical considerations of clayey media. An important objective of this chapter is to show the crucial role of the microstructure. Ln a second part is presented an imbibition test in a MX80 bentonite powder. The hydraulic diffusivity versus water content curve's decrease is explained thanks to a double porosity model that shows the progressive collapse of mesopores due to swelling effects at the microscale. Thus a multi- scale analysis is necessary to weil describe clayey media behaviour. The third chapter exposes such a multi-scale modelling (periodic homogenization). It is based on the double-layer theory and introduces an innovative concept of virtual electrolyte solution. First numerical results are given in a simple geometry (parai lei platelets). Ln the next part are proposed numerical simulations of two kinds : response of the system to a chemical gradient and simulation of electro-osmosis. The end of this chapter puts into relief the necessity to integrate pH effects in the model. In the last part, chemical surface exchanges are incorporated in the modelling to understand pH and ionic force roles in electro-osmotic process
Védie, Emeric. "Dynamique des versants en contexte périglaciaire : apports de la modélisation physique." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324815.
Full textScholtès, Luc. "Modélisation micro-mécanique des milieux granulaires partiellement saturés." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0142.
Full textUnsaturated soils, and, more generally, multi-phase granular materials, have been mainly studied in the framework of continuum mechanics. As the behavior of these materials depends on particle interactions, a micromechanical approach is proposed, based upon numerical simulations using the Discrete Element Method. At low water contents, the presence of water leads to the formation of menisci between neighboring grains that can be well interpreted by the capillary theory. Starting from the local description of the capillary effects, a 3D discrete model has been developped. Macroscopic properties of low saturated granular materials are then investigated, both in terms of water retention and shear strength, from direct simulations on numerical granular assemblies. Besides, homogenisation techniques are performed. The analyses prove the crucial role of pore fluid distribution in the bulk, and computations allow a capillary stress tensor to be exhibited from capillary forces. Emphasizing this capillary stress contribution, the effective stress is reviewed. Finally, an application is proposed to simulate the wetting induced collapse of unsaturated materials
Ringuette, Tommy. "Conception et réalisation d'un spectromètre d'absorption par diode laser accordable pour la mesure des concentrations et des flux de CO2 et de CH4 au-dessus des réservoirs hydroélectriques et de divers types de sols." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25537/25537.pdf.
Full textLétourneau, Maryse. "Effet du gel et du dégel sur les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des sols argileux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29219/29219.pdf.
Full textDinh, Anh Quan. "Étude sur modèle physique des mécanismes de transfert de charge dans les sols renforcés par inclusions rigides. Application au dimensionnement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00517738.
Full textRémillard, Jonathan. "Influence de l’altération physique sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de monolithes de sols contaminés traités par stabilisation/solidification au ciment." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1105/1/R%C3%89MILLARD_Jonathan.pdf.
Full textSanchez, Colina Gustavo Antonio. "Physique et ingénierie des catastrophes naturelles : techniques accélérométriques et optiques pour le suivi de pénétration d'intrus solides dans des sols liquifiés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH020/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis are the methods and experimental technics to help in the assessment of the underlying principles for the landslides, runaways and the other phenomena playing a main role in soil liquefaction and hence, on the falling or settling of buildings. This thesis conjugates geophysics’ to granular materials physics’ experiments, and it allowed to develop new measurement devices based on embedded microcontrollers
Civil, Nody. "Identification des mécanismes responsables du transport des particules fines et le processus de colmatage dans les sols de canneberges." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27872.
Full textBois, Thomas. "Étude du rôle des hétérogénéités structurales et de l'altération sur la déstabilisation des massifs rocheux par une approche couplée de modélisation physique et numérique." Nice, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544052.
Full textGravitational slope failures are common phenomena involving all rock slopes, at various scales. It is widely accepted that different factors exert an influence on those gravitational process. Among these, structural heterogeneities (inherited from the geological story of the massif) and alteration/weathering process are of first order. However, the relative influence of those parameters is still poorly constraint. To tackle this question, a coupled physical and numerical modelling approach has been developed, considering both two and three dimensional models based on two natural examples : The La Clapière landslide (Alpes Maritimes, France) and the 1991 Randa rockslides (Valais, Suitzerland). The first goal of this PhD Thesis was to improve the existing physical modelling technique. On the one hand in order to introduce a wide/realistic number of discontinuities in physical models, and on the other hand to performed 3-D physical models based on realistic topographies (using DTM data). Then a numerical experimental process has been carried out in order to study the influence of large scale alteration on gravitational slope failure. Results have shown that faults and joints, affecting rock structures, have a strong influence on gravitational failure kinematics and especially through their geometry, persistence and density. It has also been shown that 3-D topography (of first and second order), and large scale mechanical properties (including alteration process) have a great influence on mobilized volume during slope destabilisation
Régnier, Damien. "Modélisation physique et numérique de la dynamique d’un pergélisol au cours d’un cycle climatique : implications pour le site de Meuse - Haute-Marne." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S054.
Full textThis manuscript deals about works realized on the permafrost modelling in porous media and its impact on the hydrogeological circulations. These are parts of the Andra’s studies on the nuclear waste storage and, on the environmental studies of the Meuse/Haute-Marne (MHM) site. During a climatic cycle, cold periods can generate permafrost (ground with temperature lower than 0°C for 2 consecutive years). This periglacial structure propagates towards deep geological layers, and, due to its very low permeability, can stop the flow of water bodies like aquifers. This work presents the elaboration of two numerical models (with Cast3M code (CEA)): (i) a model with thermal conduction, used for the study of a cold wave propagation in porous media with phase transition (water-ice); (ii) a more complex model, managing the thermo-hydraulic coupling of ground phenomenon (conduction, convection and transition of phase). After validation, these two models offer three axes of development: (i) benchmark proposition by the study of two generic test-cases; (ii) study of the local air temperature signal on MHM site : importance of high frequency temperature variations (centennial scale) for permafrost depth and stability ; (iii) study of the dynamics of a thermal discontinuity in a typical hydrological system river-plain: closure time of the system by the permafrost according to various parameters (temperatures, geothermal flow, hydrological flow directions). These points are directly linked with the problems of the MHM site
Kakule, Vyakuno Emmanuel. "Pression anthropique et aménagement rationnel des hautes terres de Lubero en R. D. C. : rapports entre société et milieu physique dans une montagne équatoriale." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20006.
Full textIn the Lubero highlands, in Democratic Republic of Congo, there are environmental and social problems which depend on natural and social factors. These problems, which appear once the demographic carrying capacity of the lands has been surpassed, are the vegetation degradation, the fall of soils' fertility, the soils' erosion, the protected areas violation, the land scarcity and the land conflicts. As far as the physical environment is concerned, they depend on the slopes, the deep rocks' alteration, the soils' granulometry, the low vegetal cover and the erosive potential of the climate. For the society, they are caused by the progressive occupation of the land, the human densities, the landed system, the exploitation of the nature and the development of lands. To resolve these problems, and more particularly the problem of soils' erosion, which is the most important, this thesis proposes a rational planning integrating an intervention on the physical environment as well as social and economical measures. The controlling of soils' erosion requires the construction of terraces and anti-erosive hedges, the practice of agroforestery, of soil conservation methods, the reforestation and some degree of agricultural mechanization. Execution of these requires foremostly the actors' awareness and the land reforms, accompanied by population emigration, family planning and diversification of activities apart from agriculture. So, the protection of the environment shows that there is a narrow relation between man and nature in territory's planning matter
Moni, Christophe. "Stabilisation physique et physico-chimique de la matière organique dans les horizons profonds du sol." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066196.
Full textFouda, Martin. "L'eau et les sols dans la basse vallée d'Aure inférieure : perspectives d'aménagement." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN1039.
Full textGoutal, Noémie. "Modifications et restauration de propriétés physiques et chimiques de deux sols forestiers soumis au passage d'un engin d'exploitation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00737884.
Full textZammit, Christian. "Analyse et évaluation des paramètres des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques des sols : prédiction par un modèle analytique à base physique à partir de données texturales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10246.
Full textBélec, Carl. "Influence de la succession culturale en sols organiques sur les propriétés physiques du sol et le bilan d'azote." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23616/23616.pdf.
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