Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique du verre'
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Ji, Hui. "Mécanique et physique de l’indentation du verre." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S154.
Full textIn order to characterize the mechanical behaviour of glass using small size specimens, we develop methods based on the use of indentation, in particular the Vickers indentation which is by far the most common. Such tests cause high hydrostatic stresses in the glass in the area of application of the load. The glass lieing characterized by a relatively low atomic packing density compared with crystals for example, the induced pressure, which is typically of several GPa, cause densification of glass. Thus, in a first step, we studied the behaviour of glasses of different compositions at high pressure (up to 25 GPa) and we then studied the indentation behaviour by using these results. The work was focused on four types of glass – a soda-lime-silica window glass, a silica glass (SiO2), a chalcogenide glass (GeSe4) and a bulk metallic glass (Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5) – as well as a synthetic clay (plasticine), which proved to be an excellent model material for studying the rheology of glass at the macroscopic scale. All these results helped to propose a mechanism of deformation of the glass by indentation, with two separate processes (densification and shear-thinning viscous flow), whose contributions are highly dependent on the composition, through Poisson’s ratio
Duchet-Rumeau, Jannick. "Système modèle polyéthylène-verre : rôle de chaînes connectrices greffées sur l'adhésion." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10270.
Full textSchryve, Mathieu. "Modèle d’adhésion cicatrisante et applications au contact verre/élastomère." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11091.
Full textMany problems encountered in industry are concerned with interface evolutions, where contact, friction and adhesion are fundamental topics. This PhD thesis contributes to the development of a model involving adhesion and friction and allowing the healing of the adhesive bonds when the bodies are again pushed closer together after their separation. This model is called model of healing adhesion. In this work the applications concern specifically the contact glass/rubber. The formation of the the adhesion neck, jump-on and jump-off phenomena and the formation and the propagation of the Schallamach waves are investigated. A modelling of the adhesive contact is thus proposed, based on thermodynamic considerations and surface interactions concepts. In addition to the possible healing of the adhesives bonds, the originality of the model is that healing process and damage process are both related to the rate of the solicitation at the interface. According to the applications, the approch allows to consider two potential sources of dissipation. One is called surface dissipation and linked to the behaviour of the interface. The second is called bulk dissipation and linked to the behaviour of the bodies. The dynamic formulation is done within the framework of the non-smooth mechanic. Implementations of appropriate numerical methods and simulations are done in LMGC90 (Montpellier - Marseille). The model is tested with Benchmark and validated with the simulation of a glass/rubber experiment
Cherubin-Grillo, David. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique d'une plaque ondulée en composites ciment/verre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF21283.
Full textCalmon, Pierre. "Contribution de l'analyse RBS [Rutherford backscattering spectrometry] à l'étude des effets d'irradiation sur la diffusion dans les verres d'oxydes /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35494925d.
Full textGoumeidane, Fayçal. "Synthèse et caractérisation physique de verres d'oxyde d'antimoine et d'oxyde de tellure." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S096.
Full textTechnology requires constant new materials with specific properties to realize innovations. Glasses based on heavy metal oxides such as antimony oxide, tellurium oxide and bismuth oxide. . . . Etc, are notable for their low phonon energy compared to that of conventional oxide glasses such as silicate glasses or phosphates. New systems based on antimony oxide and tellurium oxide has been synthesized and their physical characteristics, thermal and optical are determined. The great value of the stability factor of some glass proves the stability of the latter. A spectroscopic study of glasses of antimonies and tellurium doped with rare earth ions. Several active rare earths have been incorporated. The spectra were presented and the electronic transitions of the absorption lines and emission were identified
Comte, Florence. "Etude des problèmes d'adhérence de systèmes verre-émail-primaire-adhésif et applications industrielles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10064.
Full textGstalter, Marion. "Assemblage de verre sur verre par impulsions laser femtosecondes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD037.
Full textThis PhD thesis is about glass bonding by femtosecond laser pulses. A femtosecond laser source generating high repetition rate laser pulses has been used to weld borosilicate glass plates with high surface quality. The method presented in this work differs from the literature by the focusing system implemented. The influence of the laser parameters on the bonded samples performances has been studied implementing a design of experiments, demonstrating that the mechanical and thermal resistance of the samples can be improved by increasing the amount of deposited. Thebonded samples provide high mechanical resistance, higher than 25 MPa, can held high thermal shock above 300 °C and present high transparency above 90 %. Glass bonding with a distance between the glass plates has been performed by adapting the laser parameters. Bonding of glass on silicon has also been performed successfully
Masri, Talal. "Détermination des contraintes interfaciales sur des duplex verre/métal à gros grains : utilisation de la diffraction x et de la microdureté Vickers." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT028G.
Full textHélie, David. "Micro-usinage de lamelles de verre au laser femtoseconde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28184/28184.pdf.
Full textAdjanor, Gilles. "Modélisation thermodynamique des verres nucléaires : coexistence entre phases amorphes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112285.
Full textInvestigating the stability of borosilicate glasses used in the nuclear industry with respect to phase separation requires to estimate the Gibbs free energies of the various phases appearing in the material. In simulation, using current computational resources, a direct state-sampling of a glassy system with respect to its ensemble statistics is not ergodic and the estimated ensemble averages are not reliable. Our approach consists in generating, at a given cooling rate, a serie of quenches, or paths connecting states of the liquid to states of the glass, and then in taking into account the probability to generate the paths leading to the different glassy states in ensembles averages. In this way, we introduce a path ensemble formalism and calculate a Landau free energy associated to a glassy metabasin. This method was validated by accurately mapping the free energy landscape of a 38-atom glassy cluster. We then applied this approach to the calculation of the Gibbs free energies of binary amorphous Lennard-Jones alloys, and checked the correlation between the observed tendencies to order or to phase separate and the computed Gibbs free energies. We finally computed the driving force to phase separation in a simplified three-oxide nuclear glass modeled by a Born-Mayer-Huggins potential that includes a three-body term, and we compared the estimated quantities to the available experimental data
Falcou, Chantal. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de procédés de fabrication de préformes et fibres optiques unimodales en verres fluorés." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20247.
Full textSebai, Makdad. "Verres et vitrocéramiques oxyazotés des systèmes Nd-Si-Al-O-N et Y-Si-Al-O-N : propriétés et comportement à l'oxydation." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0004.
Full textVendramini, Jérôme. "Architecture et propriétés mécaniques d'une nouvelle génération de composites : les comêlés poly(butylène téréphtalate)/fibres de verre unidirectionnelles." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0102.
Full textThe goal of this study is to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of commingled PBT/unidirectional glass fibers. It is well known that the mechanical properties of filled polymers are governed by the characteristics of each phase and the morphology of these materials. Firstly, the influence of the spinning process, used to manufacture PBT filaments, on the microstructure of PBT have been studied. We have found that, in contrast to the PBT granules, the filaments can contain both the alpha and beta crystalline phases. In the case of the filled materials, the compression moulding at high temperature under pressure, required to obtain composite sheets, leads to the melting of the beta phase followed by the crystallization in the alpha form. Furthermore, the rule played by glass fibers in the crystallization kinetics of PBT is shown. From a morphological approach, we have shown (i) that fibers are packed into clusters and (ii) the presence of a transcrystalline region in the vicinity of the fibers. An original micromechanical approach, i. E. The modelling in a reverse mode, is developed in order to extract the viscoelastic behaviour of the transcrystalline region, which is assumed to exhibit transversally isotropic properties. It is shown that the axial shear modulus of the transcrystalline region is higher than that exhibited by the unfilled polymer over the analysed temperature range. Finally, the study of the mechanical properties of composite materials has revealed the rules played by both the volume fraction of fibers and the sizing agent in the damaging mechanisms
Tanguy, Eric. "Développement d'un laser verre codopé erbium et ytterbium compact à sécurité oculaire pour des applications de télémétrie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937945.
Full textDelage, Fabienne. "Etude de la fonction cinétique de dissolution d'un verre nucléaire." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20159.
Full textGhanassi, Mohamed. "Origine physique et dynamique de la non-linéarité optique des verres dopés par des nanocristaux de semi-conducteur cdsxse1-x." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0019.
Full textMir, Anamul Haq. "Radiation effects on oxide glasses: Importance of energy deposition and relaxation processes." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2047.
Full textThe aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and necessary conditions for simulating the self-irradiation effects on nuclear waste glass matrices using external irradiation facilities. The irradiations were performed with electrons and ions in mono and double beam irradiation scenario. During electron irradiation, the surfaces were found to be depleted of the alkali atoms and simple glass composition showed characteristics of phase separated glasses. The response of the bulk of the glasses was different and showed network depolymerization; the extent of which depended on the glass composition. From mono beam ion irradiations, it was concluded that the ions with electronic stopping power greater than 3keVnm-1 (ion track threshold) can be used to simulate the radiation damage from recoil nuclei, whereas the ions with negligible nuclear stopping power and lower electronic stopping power can simulate the radiation damage from alpha particles. With double ion beam irradiation, the coupling effect between two projectiles was studied in order to understand the nature of interaction between alpha particles and recoil nuclei in waste matrices. During double ion beam irradiation, alpha particles were observed to induce partial recovery of the heavy ion damage. Using proper flux ratio, the results obtained during the simultaneous ion beam irradiation were found to be in good agreement with the actinide doping studies already available in the literature. Thus, the study shows the importance and need of using multi beam irradiations to understand the radiation damage in the waste matrices
Désévédavy, Frédéric. "Fibres optiques micro-structurées à base de verres de chalcogénures pour applications dans le domaine des télécommunications et le moyen IR." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S063.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis deals with the experimental investigation of chalcogénide glasses microstructured fibres also known as photonic crystal fibre (PCF). Chalcogenide glasses are original materials with a large transparency window in the mid-infrared, high linear and non linear refractive indices. PCF are a new class of optical fibres which show novel optical properties and lead to great interest in the scientific community. First of all an efficient way of purification of these glasses is developed, as a result single index fibres with low attenuation are obtained (<1 dB/m). Then, the chalcogenide glasses FCP fabrication process we developed during this work is demonstrated to work and to be repeatable. Near and mid infrared optical characterizations are made on these fibres and compared to numerical simulations. Non linear effects as Raman scattering or self phase modulation are demonstrated at 1. 55 µm. Their strength shows the advantages of the chalcogenide glasses and PCF combination. Finally the first hollow core chalcogenide glasses PCF are fabricated and a pretty good control of their geometry is obtained
Caucheteux, Claude. "Etude, par diffusion des rayons X, de la cinétique d'évolution d'un verre d'orientation : le 1-cyanoadamante : mécanisme de la transition vitreuse." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10021.
Full textGuiheneuf, Vincent. "Approche multi-physique du vieillissement des matériaux pour application photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1091/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the aging of photovoltaic (PV) modules based on crystalline silicon technology via a multi-material approach. The first objective is to determine the degradation mechanisms involved during the operation of the PV modules and thus to be able to propose technological solutions improving their durability. For this purpose, accelerated aging tests were carried out on the glass, the crystalline silicon PV cell and the PV mini-module composed of glass, a polymeric encapsulant and the silicon cell.Their functional properties are systematically evaluated and the follow-up of these indicators allows to define aging laws. In parallel, physicochemical characterizations are carried out to determine the degradation mechanisms of the different components of the module. The study of damp heat on glass throws into evidence a surface degradation with a hydration process of the silica network and a leaching phenomenon of the sodium which involves an increase of the glass transmittance. The PV cell exhibits a deterioration of the electrical performance and reflectance after UV radiation exposure due to a photo-oxidation process of the SiNx antireflection layer. It has also been established that high UV power can also promote a regeneration phenomenon of electrical performances. The aging of the mini-module under UV shows the phenomenon of photo-induced degradation (LID) generating a slight decrease in the electrical performance from the first exposure whereas the impact of damp heat on the electrical performance is null after 2000 hours
Pédèche, Stéphan. "Etude in situ du mécanisme de fusion d'un mélange vitrifiable : application au verre E." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2024.
Full textAdjémian, Florence. "Stick-slip et transition de broutage dans les essais triaxiaux sur billes de verre." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0907.
Full textHey, Tow Kenny. "Laser Brillouin à fibre microstructurée en verre de chaleogénure." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860216.
Full textMinier, Vincent. "Ampèremètre faraday en optique intégrée sur verre : de l'analyse théorique à la fabrication de capteurs." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0143.
Full textBlanchandin, Stéphanie. "Etude cristallochimique de quelques phases cristallisées et vitreuses appartenant aux systèmes TeO(2)-WO(3) et TeO(2)-Nb(2)O(5)-Bi(2)O(3)." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0003.
Full textCheret-Bitterlin, Estelle. "Etude des mécanismes de la pégosité (tack) de systèmes élastomère / verre." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0460.
Full textHugon, Olivier. "Conception et réalisation d'un transducteur à plasmon de surface en optique intégrée sur verre : application : détecteur de molécules." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0136.
Full textNinarello, Andrea Saverio. "Computer simulations of supercooled liquids near the experimental glass transition." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS071/document.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanisms that lead to glass formation is one of the open problems for the condensed matter research. Numerous questions remain unanswered, because the tremendous increase of relaxation times during the cooling process prevents the exploration of equilibrium properties of supercooled liquids at very low temperature. Computer simulations of glass-forming liquids are nowadays able to reach equilibrium at temperatures comparable to the Mode-Coupling crossover temperature, which is well above the experimental glass transition temperature. As a consequence, simulations lag eight orders of magnitude behind experiments in terms of equilibration times. Progress to close this gap has been slow, and stems mostly from hardware improvements.In this thesis we make an important step to close this gap. We combine the use of a Monte Carlo algorithm, known as the swap algorithm, with the design of novel glass-forming models. We systematically test numerous models using both discrete mixtures and polydisperse systems. We discuss the role that polydispersity and particle softness play in avoiding crystallization and in efficiently reaching previously unexplored regimes. We study the dynamical processes taking place during swap Monte Carlo simulations. We demonstrate that in some cases our technique is able to produce thermalized configurations at temperatures inaccessible even by experiments.In this newly accessible regime, we investigate some open questions concerning the glass transition. We show that a hard sphere fluid can be equilibrated at, and even beyond, the jamming packing fraction. We measure the configurational entropy in extremely supercooled liquid, finding a strong dimensional dependence that supports, on the one hand, the existence of an ideal glass transition at a finite temperature in three dimensions and, on the other hand, its absence in two dimensions. We detect the increase of amorphous order quantified through a static point-to-set length throughout the glass formation. We measure the critical exponents introduced in the mean-field theory of glasses much closer to the supposed ideal glass transition. Finally, we reveal the absence of a sharp geometric transition in the potential energy landscape across the Mode-Coupling crossover.The models and the algorithms developed in this thesis shift the computational studies of glass-forming liquids to an entirely new territory, which should help to close the gap between theory and experiments, and get us closer to solve the long-standing problem of the glass transition
Lozano, Flavien. "Elaboration de matelas à base de fibres de verre par voie humide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI001.
Full textGlass fibre - based mats produced by a wetlaid process have industrial applications as a battery separator and insulation materials (core of vacuum insulation panels). These materials are mainly made with sub-micron fibres which relatively expensive and can present a risk to health. This project is a contribution to the production of glass fibre-based mats by a wet-laid process to add value to coarser fibres, the final product should respect precise specifications. We have been led to study the behavior of glass fibers in different stages of the process and to characterize the resulting mats. We investigated especially the physico-chemical behavior of aqueous suspensions of glass fiber. We have characterized structure properties, the mechanical resistance to traction, the compressibility and the thermal conductivity of fibrous mats. The experimental work has allowed us to give a formulation of the optimized composition and operational conditions of the process so that the final mattress conforms to the specifications. This new composition includes reinforcement fibres in small quantities. It allows improving the mechanical characteristics without affecting the other properties. Finally, we quantified the production costs and compared them to those of the process currently used with coarse fiber (dry-laid production).Keywords: Paper engineering, physical chemistry, porous media, glass fibre, characterization
Amata, Hadi. "Faisabilité d'un isolateur optique intégré sur verre." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955372.
Full textSoucy, Patrick. "Structuration de verres de chalcogénures par impulsions femtoseconde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30003/30003.pdf.
Full textLaser induced periodic surfaces structures have been the subject of studies for many years and are present on very different materials: metals, glasses, ceramics, crystalline materials, semiconductors. They are a generic phenomenon but each material has its distinctive features. The majority of the models developed only explain part of the results and do not extend over to all types of materials. They are generally based on the hypothesis of interference from the laser with a wave created subsequently; they can be of plasmonic nature if the material allows it. The purpose of this report is to present the results of femtosecond laser interaction with chalcogenide glasses, as a function of the various laser parameters.
Cilleruelo, Laura. "Analyse des relations mise en oeuvre/structure/propriétés mécaniques du PET renforcé de fibres de verre longues." Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10148.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced PET, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanical performances. The influences of some parameters on the microstructure (fibre orientations, local fibre and cristallinity rates) and the related flexural and impact properties have been in particular studied on a part whose shape was typical of industrial geometries. These parameters were the injection moulding conditions, the tooling gate types, the processing technology (injection moulding, injection-compression moulding, co-moulding of fabrics) and the material formulation (e. G. Initial fibre content and presence of additives such as pigment and nucleating agents). The results have allowed pointing out the parameters that govern the process (holding pressure, filling rate, mould temperature), optimising the mechanical performances by a better control of the local anisotropy and heterogeneity (through gate size and location), and gaining a better knowledge of the mechanisms inducing brittleness due to the adjunction of carbon black or nucleating agents, whose effects are related both to their nature and to the mould temperature
Ficheux, Maxime. "Diffusion multicomposante et environnement structural dans le verre Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 contenant du zirconium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS429.
Full textZirconium is widely spread element on Earth and actually intensively used either in its oxide form (zirconia) or in its silicate oxide form (zircon). The main interest of zirconium is to improve thermomechanical properties. This element enters in the composition of refractory materials that are sintered or electro fused ceramics used for glass furnace structure. Zirconium may also enter in glass composition through two different possibilities: at high temperature, it may move from the wall of the furnace to the glass as contaminant or it can enter in the initial glass composition, for which it can increase chemical corrosion by strengthening glass chemical durability. The understanding of its incorporation to the silicate glass structure is the first research axis of this thesis. This axis is also interesting for geosciences where zircon dissolution in geological glasses like magmas have similar issues. This dissolution phenomenon of zircon or refractory directly depends on zirconium mobility from the crystal towards the glass. This mobility may be led by several mechanisms like convection or diffusion. We focused our researches on chemical diffusion determination. Several studies have already determined diffusion coefficient of zirconium in glasses. The innovation of this thesis is the determination of mobility trough multicomponent approach, considering that each element impacts the mobility of all others. Additionally, a structural study of zirconium environment is coupled with the mobility determination
Le, Corre Benjamin. "Thermoformage du verre - Développement numérique d'un modèle thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975511.
Full textSousa, Rui de. "Contribution à l'étude de la physique des vortex dans le supraconducteur fortement lamellaire Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 irradié aux ions lourds." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4005.
Full textAlshikh, Khalil Mohammad. "Réalisation en optique intégrée sur verre d'un doubleur de fréquence et d'un amplificateur paramétrique utilisant un polymère non linéaire." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0086.
Full textRoussignol, Philippe. "Nonlinéarités optiques de microcristaux de semiconducteur CdSSe en matrice de verre : dynamique des porteurs photoexcités et confinement quantique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112212.
Full textCoulon, Arnaud. "Injection des polyamides renforcés de fibres de verre longues : relations mise en oeuvre/comportement thermomécanique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10163/document.
Full textThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced polyamides, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanicai and thermo-mechanical performance, The fibre segregation mechanisms occurring during the filling stage of the mould, which govern the local heterogeneities, have been first studied on a prototype part having a shape typical of industrial parts. A second part has focused on the flexural behavioul The modulus and maximal flexural stress have been estimated from structural models based on the multilayer morphological description (local fibre content, residual fibre lengths, fibre orientations...) of the composites. The results have been validated on an industrial part. Finally, the creep behaviour at high lemperature has been experimentally determined and then modelled (Findley's model). The need to take into account the thermal aging of the matrix in order to correct the load level during the loading time has also been pointed out
Grynberg, Julien. "Mécanismes physiques et chimiques mis en jeu lors de la fusion du mélange SiO2-Na2CO3." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829455.
Full textGaponov, Dmitry. "Propriétés optiques de fibres optiques microstructurées et laser à fibre de Bragg à grande aire modale." Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2af9d018-b039-4465-886e-0261ba1e73f3/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4067.pdf.
Full textNowadays we observe a constant increasing of the amount of publications connected with Micro-structured Optical Fibers (MOFs). Nevertheless the unclear physical questions are still remaining in this field. From the other hand, applying of such structures is attractive in different fields of science and technology due to their unique optical properties. Our work is devoted to the theoretical analysis of some of the basic MOF types and to the experimental creation of fiber laser based on large mode area (LMA) 1-D photonic bandgap fiber (i. E. Bragg Fiber, BF). In the experimental part we investigated the Yb-doped LMA BF. We created a fiber laser based on this fiber with pumping into the cladding. We obtained the efficient singlemode lasing with low bend sensitivity, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time in such type of fibers
Boyer, Marina. "Synthèse de nouvelles céramiques polycristallines transparentes par cristallisation complète du verre." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2024/document.
Full textTransparent polycrystalline ceramic is an emerging class of optic and photonic materials. During this thesis, we used an innovative method to elaborate such materials: the full glass crystallization. This process permits to obtain new transparent polycristalline ceramics through the lack of porosity, inherent to the parent glass and to access to new crystalline phases. Two studies were leaded to improve the glass forming ability of the BaAl₄O₇ composition (1st transparent ceramic obtained from full glass crystallization). Surprising results were obtained with the crystallization of a new phase (BaGa₄O₇) or with the synthesis of two-phase transparent ceramics (BaAl₄O₇ – BaAl₂O₄) where the transparency is considerably enhanced compared to the BaAl₄O₇ ceramic thanks to a second phase crystallization (BaAl₂O₄), limiting the growth of the birefringent BaAl₄O₇ grains. Transparent polycristalline ceramics belonging to the melilite family, with Sr₁₊xRE₁₋xGa₃O₇₊x∕₂ (RE: rare earth) general formulae were also synthesized. White light emission properties have been demonstrated from the SrGdGa₃O₇ and SrYbGa₃O₇ compositions. This family opens the way to others applications where the total absence of porosity with the elaboration of new crystalline phases unattainable by solid state reaction are key factors. These possibilities were demonstrated in the case of transparent polycristalline ceramics showing an important ionic conductivity
Nappez, Thomas. "Hybridation d'un module de pompe sur un substrat de verre pour application à un LiDAR embarqué." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757099.
Full textSevelev, Maxime. "Phase diagram, jamming and glass transitions in the non-convex perceptron." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS331.
Full textThis thesis treats the «spherical perceptron model», a simple exactly solvable model for glassy behavior and jamming suitably generalized to negative values of scalar product parameter κ. The classical machine-learning problem of random pattern classification by the perceptron is a convex constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). Even when the «stability parameter» κ of the model becomes negative, the problem still make sense and can be interpreted as the problem of particles on an N-dimensional sphere trying to avoid randomly placed obstacles. In this case, the corresponding CSP is non-convex. This thesis studies the problem in detail in the non-convex domain. Systematic study is made possible by assigning to a constraint satisfaction problem its corresponding optimization version endowed with a Hamiltonian function (cost function) quantifying the violations of the constraints, as a function of the system's configuration. The connection between random CSP and glassy phenomenology in physics is well known and has been explored in detail for models with discrete variables. The presence of continuous variables in the (spherical) perceptron model enables us to unveil, in random CSP, the characteristic SAT/UNSAT transition where the system transits from the satisfiable regime (where the ground state has zero energy) to the unsatisfiable one (where the ground state energy is positive). This phase transition can also be interpreted as a jamming transition similar to the one that exhibit models with frictionless spheres. The simplicity of the considered model allows the exact determination of the zero temperature phase diagram as a function of the control parameters: the density of obstacles and their size. In the present thesis, the jamming transition thus identified is completely characterized and several glass phases of stable and marginal character are studied in detail
Pukhkaya, V. "Influence de l'environnement des ions Yb3+ et Er3+ sur l'évolution de leurs propriétés de luminescence dans des verres d'oxydes sous l'irradiation ionisante." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939232.
Full textMejdi, Mehdi. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'hydratation des ciments composés incorporant de la poudre de verre ou des cendres de boues d'épuration calcinées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2019/TH2019PESC2037.
Full textWith the increasing environmental concerns linked to clinker production, finding alternatives for a more efficient and sustainable construction became a necessity. With this aim in mind, several types of by-products can benefice from a rising interest in the construction field, as a potential cement substitute. These materials deserve to be considered, not only for their advantageous environmental aspects, but also for their potential regarding some concrete degradations. This is the cases of fly ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag that proved a compatibility with cement materials and are nowadays used in standardized context. However, even though extending this list allows responding to a real need while valuing local waste; this alternative does not seem to be fully exploited. On the one hand, an optimal use of novel materials involve an improved understanding of their reaction mechanisms in cementitious matrices. On the other hand, the lack of field data regarding long term performance and sustainability makes their use on an industrial scale difficult. This thesis follows this perceptive and aims to strengthen the knowledge related to the reaction mechanisms of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). More specifically, this research investigates the physico-chemical properties of glass powder (GP) and sewage sludge ashes (SSA) and their influence on the macroscopic properties of mortar and concrete. An experimental program is designed to monitor the reactions of these additions and the evolution of the microstructural features constituting the cementitious matrix. To achieve this end, state-of-art approaches, based on an X-Ray diffraction (Rietveld-PONKCS) and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-QEDS), allowed to determine (i) the degree of reaction of amorphous SCMs, (ii) the composition of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-(A)-S-H), and finally (iii) the phase assemblage of hydrating blended cements. After that, the experimental observations are confronted with thermodynamic modelling results. The proposed methodology can be eventually used to assess the use of other by-products as a cement component. The replacement of cement by GP is shown to refine the microstructure and improve the durability of concrete. This comes from the formation of sodium rich C-S-H with a low Ca/Si ratio compared to Portland cement. In the case of SSA, the aluminium, introduced by the dissolution of its amorphous phase, promotes the formation of monocarboaluminates. For substitution rates up to 20%, the mechanical characteristics of mortars are not significantly affected. Finally, a discussion on the durability of these materials in conditions involving sulphur compounds is initiated is presented
Vergnoux, Delphine. "Optimisation des circuits radiofréquences et hyperfréquences d'un spectromètre de mesure des temps de relaxation courts. Application à l'analyse de verres et de xérogels dopés." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30217.
Full textLugan, Pierre. "Gaz de bosons ultra-froids dans des potentiels désordonnés : excitations collectives et effets de localisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468888.
Full textLedieu, Bastien. "Vieillissement en milieu eau/glycol du polyamide 66 renforce fibres de verre courtes pour l'application boite a eau de radiateur de refroidissement moteur." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547111.
Full textNguyen, Thi Ngoc Trang. "Étude des changements optiques et structuraux dans les verres induits par laser TI : saphir." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24061/24061.pdf.
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