Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physique quantique'
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Uzan, Pierre. "Conscience et physique quantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040153.
Full textThis work aims to assess the contribution of quantum physics to the understanding of the phenomenon ofconsciousness. The "classical" models of consciousness cannat deal with two important questions: (a) thesynchronisation of distant parts of the brain which seems necessary to the construction of conscious percepts;(b) the question of the explanatory gap that exists between subjective experience, which is a private feeling, andthe description of its neurophysiological correlates in the language of science, at the third persan. The quantumalternatives of current models of consciousness are systematically exposed. Vitiello's and Freeman's "dissipativemadel of the brain" seem to corroborate experimental data and could thus contribute to solve question (a). Thismadel appeals to a fundamental property of quantum field theory according to which a spontaneous symmetrybreaking in a physical system (as it happens, the breaking of the rotational symmetry of dipolar molecules of thebrain) gives rise to a collective dynamics for this system. The models, relevant to the neutra! monism conception,that have been developed by Bohm and Hiley and, more recently, by Atmanspacher and by Primas use quantumtheory for its expressive power (concepts of complementarity and entanglement) to build a unifyingrepresentation of the phenomenon of consciousness. They lead to the dissolution of the question (b) of theexplanatory gap. ln the end, we suggest to extend this mode of representation and to apply it, more generally, tothe psychosomatic domain
Arnaudon, Daniel. "Chromodynamique quantique sur reseau, theorie des cordes, groupes quantiques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066542.
Full textArmagnat, Pacôme. "Physique quantique et électrostatique auto-cohérentes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY024/document.
Full textElectrostatic energy is very often the largest energy scale in quantum nanoelectronic systems. Yet, in theoretical work or numerical simulations, the electrostatic landscape is equally often taken for granted as an external potential, which may result in a wrong physical picture. Developing numerical tools that can properly handle the electrostatics and its interplay with quantum mechanics is of utter importance for the understanding of quantum devices in e.g. semi-conducting or graphene like materials.This thesis is devoted to the self-consistent quantum-electrostatic problem. This problem (also known as Poisson-Schr"odinger) is notoriously difficult in situations where the density of states varies rapidly with energy. At low temperatures, these fluctuations make the problem highly non-linear which renders iterative schemes deeply unstable. In this thesis, we present a stable algorithm that provides a solution to this problem with controlled accuracy. The technique is intrinsically convergent including in highly non-linear regimes. Thus, it provides a viable route for the predictive modeling of the transport properties of quantum nanoelectronics devices.We illustrate our approach with a calculation of the differential conductance of a quantum point contact geometry.We also revisit the problem of the compressible and incompressible stripes in the integer quantum Hall regime. Our calculations reveal the existence of a new ”hybrid” phase at intermediate magnetic field that separate the low field phase from the high field stripes.In a second part we construct a theory that describes the propagation of the collective excitations (plasmons) that can be excited in two-dimensional electron gases. Our theory, which reduces to Luttinger liquid in one dimension can be directly connected to the microscopic quantum-electrostatic problem enabling us to make predictions free of any free parameters. We discuss recent experiments made in Grenoble that aim at demonstrating electronic flying quantum bits. We find that our theory agrees quantitatively with the experimental data
CAJEAT, ERIC. "Medecine ayur-vedique et physique quantique." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M014.
Full textSeixas, João. "Monopoles magnétiques : de la physique classique à la physique quantique." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19050.
Full textSeixas, João. "Monopoles magnétiques de la physique classique à la physique quantique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376012396.
Full textFrerot, Irénée. "Corrélations quantiques : une approche de physique statistique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN061/document.
Full textThe notion of coherence, intimately related to the notion of wave-particle duality, plays a central role in quantum mechanics. When quantum coherence extends over several particles inside a system, the description in terms of individual objects becomes impossible, due to the development of quantum correlations (or entanglement). In this manuscript, we focus on equilibrium systems, for which we show that coherent fluctuations add up to the fluctuations predicted by thermodynamic identities, valid for classical systems only. In the ground state, coherent fluctuations are the only ones to subsist, an in this case we study their relationship with entanglement entropy. We show in particular that an hypothesis of effective temperature, spatially modulated, captures the structure of entanglement in a many-body system, and we show how this temperature can be reconstructed from usual correlation functions. Our results also enable for a refined understanding of quantum phase transitions. We show in particular that the phase transition between a bosonic Mott insulator and a superfluid gives rise to a singularity of entanglement entropy induced by amplitude fluctuations of the phase of the condensate. We finally identify a coherence length governing the scaling behaviour of coherent fluctuations inside the quantum critical region in the finite-temperature vicinity of a quantum critical point, and open novel perspectives for the metrological advantage offered by the exceptional coherence which develops close to quantum critical points, based on the example of the quantum Ising model
Becker, Cyrille. "Lasers à cascade quantique : étude physique et ingénierie de la structure quantique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0040.
Full textNagle, Julien. "Etude physique du laser a puits quantique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066549.
Full textNagle, Julien. "Etude physique du laser à puits quantique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608314t.
Full textNikseresht, Iraj. "La physique quantique au regard de la physique classique et de la physique dans l'Antiquité." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010520.
Full textArnaud, Ludovic. "Statistique de l'interférence quantique et circuits quantiques aléatoires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599990.
Full textRabeie, Ardeshir. "Physique quantique des systèmes élémentaires dans de Sitter." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0243.
Full textThe object of this work is the quantization, using coherent states, of classical observables for a massive particle which moves on the de Sitter space. We obtain this result using a new method which we call method of the "Spherical Complex Harmonics". We build the phase space for the massive particles as an adjoint orbit of the universal covering of the de Sitter group for two and four dimensions (SU(1, 1) and Sp(2, 2)). This space is isomorphic with T*(Sd) and thus also with the complex sphere SdC. We build an invariant measure on this space and, using the analytical continuation of the spherical harmonics we obtain coherent states indexed by the points of SdC and thus, of the phase space of the massive particles on the de Sitter space. Lastly, these coherent states yield a quantization, i. E. An effective computation of the quantum observable from the classical ones
Sebu, Cristiana. "Problèmes inversés dans la physique classique et quantique." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20082.
Full textMarchal, Bruno. "Calculabilité, physique et cognition." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-121-122.pdf.
Full textMarchal, Bruno Delahaye Jean-Paul. "Calculabilité, physique et cognition." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-1998-121-122.pdf.
Full textTualle-Brouri, Rosa. "Dispositifs pour la cryptographie quantique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369277.
Full textRuffin-Bayardin, Céline. "Le présent : entre physique et philosophie. Vers un présentisme quantique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7005.
Full textIt would seem from Einstein's words that physics fails to capture the singularity of the Now. In this research, we are interested in what makes the present special : how is the present different from the past and the future? Is it really inaccessible to physics? What is the nature of the relationship between the present and reality? Hence our problematic triangle articulated around real-present-physics notions. At first, we analyze the status of the present in classical physics, then from the current metaphysical debate on time, and more particularly from linguistics and modal logic, we question the reality of the present. This leads us to approach theories such as the Presentism, the Growing Block, or the Branching-Futurism. The question of the existence of the present also requires for us the study of the "problem of time" in quantum gravity. Finally, in a third and last part, we construct Quantum Presentism. For this, we use Gilbert Simondon's method, and we deal with the singularity of the present from the very process of individuation of the present
Tafat, Sofiane. "Renormalons infrarouges et corrections de puissance en chromodynamique quantique." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112328.
Full textThis thesis in theoretical elementary particle physics and specially in quantum chromodynamics. During my thesis I have been working on the problem of quantifying nonperturbative corrections to various QCD observables assiociated with the hadronization phenomenon. The hadronization corrections come from the interface of perturbative and perturbative and nonperturbative QCD dynamics and their study sheds some light into the confinement mechanism. One of the existing approaches to describe these corrections relies on the analysis of ambiguities of perturbative series to the QCD observables the so called infrared renormalons. This approach has many interesting phemenological applications and it hes been tested experimentally against aavaible data on the measurements of deviations of perturbative QCD predictions to various observables at LEP, Tevatron and DESY. The infrared renormalon approach has a number of limitations. Firstly, it does not tell us much about the origin of nonperturbative scale and underlying QCD dynamics. .
Roubert, Benoit. "Approche semi-classique de l'information quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543963.
Full textVigneron, Karine. "Contrôle du bruit quantique de la lumière et mesures quantiques non destructives utilisant des atomes piègés et refroidis." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716228.
Full textNadal, Céline. "Matrices aléatoires et leurs applications à la physique statistique et quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633266.
Full textOuerghemmi, Ezzeddine. "Étude physique des limites en puissance des lasers à cascade quantique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605931.
Full textParadis, François. "Points de vue alternatifs en simulations numériques de la physique quantique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24586/24586.pdf.
Full textOuerghemmi, Ezzedine. "Étude physique des limites en puissance des lasers à cascade quantique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/59/31/PDF/manuscrit_ezzeddine_Ouerghemmi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of the limiting factors of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) output power. It exposes a global modeling of their electro-optical properties. Laser operation is described in particular by including the electronic structure, non-radiative electron scattering mechanisms and the electron-photon coupling along the laser cavity. This model allowed us to successfully reproduce all the characteristics (current and optical power as a function of the applied voltage) of a QCL over the whole range of operating temperatures. This model was used to calculate the electron temperature in QCL. It showed that scattering by LO phonons is the only mechanism by which the gas of electron can transfer energy towards the lattice. Elastic scattering mechanisms are sources of energy for the electron gas. Two physical parameters allow to fully describe the electron temperature in the device: the electronic thermal resistance of the heterostructure and the temperature current coupling factor. Taking into account the electron-photon coupling shows that it may influence the electronic distribution over energy levels. Therefore, the gain of the active zone of the laser is reduced in the presence of this coupling. This effect, called gain saturation, plays an important role on the output performances of QCL. Minimizing this effect can increase the maximum power output of the laser by a factor of two. This study allowed us to propose new design rules of active regions to improve the QCL output performances. The experimental characterization of some of these structures has validated the approach we have followed towards performances improvement
Girelli, Florian. "Géométrie non commutative et gravité quantique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11039.
Full textHesse, Michel. "Méthode des réseaux de Lagrange en mécanique quantique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211475.
Full textLes fonctions de Lagrange sont des fonctions indéfiniment dérivables qui s'annulent en tous les points d'un réseau sauf un. Ces fonctions sont utilisées comme fonctions de base d'un calcul variationnel. Les éléments de matrice de ce calcul sont évalués à l'aide de la règle de quadrature de Gauss définie par le réseau de points. Les équations à résoudre prennent ainsi la forme d'équations sur réseau.
La méthode des réseaux de Lagrange allie simplicité et précision. La matrice représentant le potentiel est diagonale et ne dépend que des valeurs prises par le potentiel aux points du réseau. Contrairement à la méthode des différences finies, une expression analytique est obtenue pour la solution. Nous cherchons clans cette thèse à cerner les avantages et inconvénients de la méthode des réseaux de Lagrange, ainsi qu'à étendre son champ d'application en mécanique quantique. Nous montrons notamment que cette méthode peut être reliée à d'autres méthodes sur réseau, telles que les méthodes de la variable discrétisée (DVR) ou du réseau de Fourier, qui sont fort utilisées en physique atomique et moléculaire.
Dans les problèmes à deux corps, nous appliquons la méthode à l'étude des états liés et nous l'étendons au cas des collisions, c'est-à-dire aux états libres. Une nouvelle technique de calcul de la longueur de diffusion et de la portée effective est également considérée. Dans certains cas, la solution exacte du problème à deux corps existe sous forme analytique, ce qui permet une étude de la précision de la méthode en ce qui concerne les valeurs propres et les vecteurs propres de la matrice hamiltonienne. L'extension de la méthode aux problèmes à deux corps régis par une dynamique semi-relativiste est également examinée.
Dans le cas des problèmes à trois corps, nous effectuons une comparaison entre plusieurs systèmes de coordonnées auxquels sont couplés différents réseaux de Lagrange. Les résultats de cette comparaison dépendent de la présence de singularités dans les potentiels, celles-ci pouvant limiter fortement la précision de la méthode.
En physique nucléaire, nous comparons deux approches sur réseaux de Lagrange lors de l'étude de l'état fondamental du noyau 6He. Il s'agit d'un noyau à halo de neutrons, pour lequel il existe une forte probabilité de trouver deux des neutrons loin des autres nucléons. Le noyau 6He peut ainsi être traité comme un système à trois corps, constitué d'une particule alpha et de deux neutrons. Nous étendons également le modèle à trois corps pour ce noyau au cas d'interactions à deux corps plus générales, c'est-à-dire contenant différents opérateurs agissant sur les spins des nucléons.
En physique atomique et moléculaire, où les interactions sont, en première approximation, purement coulombiennes, nous nous sommes intéressé aux états S et P des principaux systèmes à trois corps que sont l'atome d'hélium He, les ions hydrogène H-et positronium Ps-, l'ion moléculaire d'hydrogène HZ et la molécule muonique dt"mu". Les fonctions d'onde approchées obtenues lors de la détermination des états liés sont utilisées pour évaluer des rayons quadratiques moyens et les rayons de masse de ces systèmes.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
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Bernard, Alain. "Transport quantique d'ondes atomiques ultrafroides." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066365.
Full textNave, Sven Lemoine Didier. "Dynamique quantique des collisions atome-adsorbat ; molécule-surface." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2005. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/782.
Full textRésumé en français et en anglais. Publications en anglais intégrées au texte. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 267-276.
Monsel, Juliette. "Thermodynamique quantique et optomécanique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY051.
Full textThermodynamics was developed in the 19th century to study steam engines using the cyclical transformations of a working substance to extract heat from thermal baths and convert it into work, possibly stored in a battery. This applied science eventually led to the development of fundamental concepts such as irreversibility. Quantum thermodynamics aims at revisiting these results when the working substances, baths and batteries become quantum systems. Its results are still mainly theoretical. This thesis therefore propose methods to measure work in situ, directly inside the battery, and demonstrate the potential of two platforms to pave the way to the experimental exploration of this fast-growing field.First, I studied hybrid optomechanical systems which consist of a qubit coupled to the electromagnetic field on the one hand, and to a mechanical resonator on the other hand. The qubit's transition frequency is modulated by the vibrations of the mechanical system that exerts in this way a force on the qubit. The mechanical degree of freedom exchanges work with the qubit and therefore behaves like a dispersive battery, i.e. whose natural frequency is very different from the one of the qubit's transition. Finally, the electromagnetic field plays the role of the bath. I showed that the fluctuations of the mechanical energy are equal to the fluctuations of work, which allows the direct measurement of entropy production. As a result, hybrid optomechanical systems are promising for experimentally testing fluctuation theorems in open quantum systems. In addition, I studied optomechanical energy conversion. I showed that a hybrid optomechanical system can be considered as an autonomous and reversible thermal machine allowing either to cool the mechanical resonator or to build a coherent phonon state starting from thermal noise.Secondly, I showed that a two-stroke quantum engine extracting work from a single, non-thermal, bath can be made. The qubit is embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide and the battery is the waveguide mode of same frequency as the qubit's transition. Therefore, this is a resonant battery, unlike in the previous case. First, the qubit is coupled to the engineered bath, source of energy and coherence, that makes it relax in a experimentally controllable superposition of energy states. Secondly, the bath is disconnected and work is extracted by driving the qubit with a resonant coherent field. This kind of system, called one-dimensional atom, can be implemented in superconducting or semiconducting circuits. The coherence of the qubit's state improves the performances of this engine both in the regime of classical drive, where a large number of photons is injected in the battery, and in the quantum drive regime of low photon numbers.This thesis evidences the potential of hybrid optomechanical systems and one-dimensional atoms to explore experimentally on the one hand, irreversibility and fluctuation theorems, and on the other hand, the role of coherence in work extraction
Messin, Gaëtan. "Sources de lumière pour l'information quantique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347157.
Full textL'ensemble de mes activités de recherche s'inscrit dans ce mouvement. Mes travaux ont porté en grande partie sur les sources de photons uniques et les sources de paires de photons, ainsi que leurs applications à la cryptographie quantique, à la téléportation quantique et au calcul quantique. Mes travaux s'ouvrent maintenant sur la suite: variables continues, mémoires quantiques et téléportation d'états non classiques sont probablement les prochaines étapes.
Besga, Benjamin. "Micro-cavité Fabry Perot fibrée : une nouvelle approche pour l'étude des polaritons dans des hétérostructures semi-conductrices." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059382.
Full textPomeransky, Andrei. "Intrication et Imperfections dans le Calcul Quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007256.
Full textRota, Nodari Simona. "Etude mathématique de modèles non linéaires issus de la physique quantique relativiste." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7233.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of two nonlinear relativistic quantum models. In the first part, we prove by a perturbation method the existence of solutions of the coupled Einstein–Dirac–Maxwell equations for a static, spherically symmetric system of two fermions in a singlet spinor state and for a weak electromagnetic coupling. In the second part, we study a relativistic mean-field model that describes the behavior of nucleons in the atomic nucleus. We provide a condition that ensures the existence of a ground state solution of the relativistic mean-field equations in a static case; in particular, we relate the existence of critical points of a strongly indefinite energy functional to strict concentration-compactness inequalities
ROTA, NODARI SIMONA. "Etude mathematique de modèles non linéaires issus de la physique quantique relativiste." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/214664.
Full textMaillet, Jean-Michel. "Structures algébriques et intégrabilité en théorie classique et quantique des champs." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066124.
Full textPlanat, Mathieu. "Aspects dynamiques des courants autour de la transition quantique-classique." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6166.
Full textThis thesis is about the quantum to classical crossover. More specifically, this work is motivated by the derivation of classical electromagnetism from the underlying quantum electrodynamics using the theory of decoherence. To achieve this goal, the use of a framework allowing mixed states for observables is needed in order to take into account the effects of an environment. Observables and phenomena are described here by means of Green's functions. Expectation values of the electromagnetic field and of the electric currents are introduced at space-time resolution which belongs to the quantum domain. These quantities are defined by initial values: they obey retarded equations of motion which can be derived from an action principle and which are obtained at one-loop order. These relations bring in the polarizability of an environment of charges which is studied in vaccuo as well as at finite temperature and density. Finally, decoherence of the electromagnetic field is established by a perturbative calculation of the reduced density matrix for this field. At the microscopic scale, consistency depends on histories which define short life-time collective excitations: this is the mark of a strongly dissipative situation which is necessary if one wants to establish a classical regime within the framework of decoherence
Boutet, Daniel. "Les potentiels delta : des modèles simples pour les problèmes conceptuels et/ou techniques en quantique élémentaire." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112114.
Full textGayral, Victor. "Déformations isospectrales non compactes et théorie quantique des champs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11002.
Full textBen-Dov, Yoav. "Versions de la mécanique quantique sans réduction de la fonction d'onde : la théorie d'Everett et l'onde-pilote." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132011.
Full textIthier, Grégoire. "Manipulation cohérente, lecture et décohérence d'un bit quantique supraconducteur." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130589.
Full textKouneiher, Joseph. "Etudes épistémologiques et histoire récente de la gravitation quantique." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070119.
Full textIn the most recent reviews of quantum gravity it is acknowledged that there is as yet no successful and generally accepted framework for this discipline, despite the multitude of schemes for quantizing gravity that have been proposed since 1949. These schemes exhibit a remarkable variety of formally distinctive features, but epistemologically they all share one crucial feature: the problem of quantizing gravity is approached on purely formal grounds, as if it were a problem of mere mathematical technique which, once resolved, would automatically provide the solution to the plethora of foundational problems encountered by quantum general relativity. From a foundational perspective, however, the basic issues are not quite that simple. Our aim in this work is to reconsider the different attitudes and the thought processes involving in the quantum gravity subject from either epistemological and historical point of view. We show that the epistemological weakenesses of the conventional mode of thinking about these issues are well illustrated by the various treatements of the oldest scheme for quantizing gravity. We discuss the meaning of gravity, the quantum idea and the geometry behind. We analyse the geometric quantization program , we clarify the problems inherent in the two approaches of quantum gravity, the canonical and the covariant one. We review the limit of the application of general relativity and we inspect the question of observables, unitarity, causality and time in quantum gravity. Finally, we tried to elucidate the duality between general relativity and quantum mechanics
Darancet, Pierre. "Théorie et simulation du transport quantique dans les nanostructures." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10261.
Full textThis theoretical work focuses on the electronic quantum transport in nanostructures. We used the theoretical framework of the Landauer and post-Landauer approaches. The critical point within these approaches in order to correctly describe the transport problem is the approximation on the self-energies, which are supposed to represent simultaneously contact resistance effects as well as interactions in the device. In this work, we adressed both these issues. In order to describe the contact resistance mechanisms, we developped a method based on the effective conductance channels concept. The recursive calculation of these channels, together with the derivation of a new formula of the conductance, provide us with an exact description of the contact effects. Moreover, we built a new \textit{ab initio} methodology, which allows us to introduce the electron-electron interactions in the quantum transport through the Hedin's approximation of the self-energy. The second part of this work deals with the analysis of the transport properties of graphene. We firstly analysed the experimental magneto-resistance characteristics of epitaxial graphene, and explained them by a mechanism consecutive to the planes stacking. Eventually, we calculated the conductance characteristics of devices compound by graphene nanostructures. We shown that such devices exhibit very high contact resistance effects, which can be explained by means of electron diffraction. We introduced the electronic diffraction barrier concept, which allows us to extract conductance characteristics, without determining the electronic structure
Morin, Olivier. "Mesures et états non-gaussiens en information quantique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066655.
Full textBalestro, Franck. "Dynamique quantique d'un SQUID-DC." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004224.
Full textSchenck, Emmanuel. "Systèmes quantiques ouverts et méthodes semi-classiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066688.
Full textDarancet, Pierre. "Théorie et simulation du transport quantique dans les nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363630.
Full textPonsot, Bénédicte. "Théorie de Liouville et un groupe quantique non compact." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20045.
Full textGrosshans, Frédéric. "Communication et cryptographie quantiques avec des variables continues." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002343.
Full textGousset, Thierry. "Etude de quelques réactions exclusives dures en chromodynamique quantique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0011.
Full text