Journal articles: 'Phyto-toxicity'

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Amin, Hira, Basir Ahmed Arain, Muhammad Sadiq Abbasi, Farah Amin, Taj Muhammad Jahangir, and Noor-ul-Ain Soomro. "Evaluation of chromium phyto-toxicity, phyto-tolerance, and phyto-accumulation using biofuel plants for effective phytoremediation." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 4 (2019): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2018.1524837.

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Dinakaran, Vasumathi, and Senguttuvan Swaminathan. "The phyto-compounds Fumaric acid, di(1-adamantylmethyl) ester and 2-Pentamethyldisilanyloxypentane Borne from Physalis longifolia Against Various Medical and Agronomic Pests." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 15 (2023): 1126–34. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i15.306.

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Abstract Objectives: To identify the major phytocompounds of Physalis longifolia leaf methanol extract and assess the ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity of target medical and agronomic pests of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera eggs and larvae. Methods: In this study, the phyto-compounds identification was made by GC-MS analysis. The selected phyto-compounds were applied towards eggs were tested various concentrations 4-16mg/ml and larvae were tested various concentrations 2- 200mg/ml of medical and agronomic pests. Overall mortality was examined using probit analysis to calculate LC50/LC90. Findings: The most common an Indian medicinal flora, Physalis longifolia leaf methanol extract and its derived major phyto-bioactive constituents Fumaric acid, di(1-adamantylmethyl) ester and 2-Pentamethyldisilanyloxypentane were authentically isolated by GCMS analysis. By phyto-chemical screening, more numbers of bio-active phytochemicals were occupied in high polar leaf extract. P. longifolia leaf methanol extract and its derived major phyto-bioactive constituents Fumaric acid, di(1-adamantylmethyl) ester and 2-Pentamethyldisilanyloxypentane were showed topper eggs toxicity above 90% which reached nearly 100% and the larval toxicity of LC50/ LC90 values were 11.01/18.73, 10.56/ 17.90, 14.19/ 26.59, 14.88/ 27.80 mg/ml and 10.91/ 18.75, 10.70/ 18.26, 15.77/ 29.29 and 14.86/26.55 mg/ml against the medical and agronomic pests of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, S. litura and H. armigera, respectively. Novelty: The biotoxicity of selected P. longifolia leaf methanol extract and its derived major phyto-bioactive constituents were well effective, environmental friendlier and produced least toxicity on non-target organisms. The medicinal flora, P. longifolia originated phyto-products could be a valuable farmer and ecofriendly bio-toxic weapon on medical and agronomic pests which promotelesser susceptible on non-target organisms. Keywords: Phytoproducts; Ecotoxicity; Physalis longifolia; Medical pest; Agronomic pest

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Dinakaran, Vasumathi, and Senguttuvan Swaminathan. "The Major Phyto-Compounds Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- and 1,1-Dimethylethyl 3-Phenyl-2-Propenoate Derived from Indigofera tinctoria Medicinal Flora Tested Against Various Target Medical and Agronomic Pests." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 16 (2023): 1178–86. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i16.310.

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Abstract Objectives: To determine the phytochemical screening and major phytocompounds from Indigofera tinctoria leaf methanol extract as well as ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity towards medical and agronomic pests, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera. Methods: In this study, the phytochemical screening was done by prescribed method, finding of phyto-constituents were made by GC-MS analysis, ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity of selected pests were recorded after 24 hrs. post treatment at various concentrations. The mortality was assessed by using probit analysis to calculate LC50/LC90. Findings: By the phytochemical screening, the more numbers of phytochemicals were obtained from methanol extract as well as GC-MS analysis displayed sum of 10 phyto-compounds gained 100% besides two phyto-compounds were major constituents Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyl- and 1,1-Dimethylethyl 3-Phenyl-2-Propenoate. The phytoproducts of I. tinctoria were produced maximum eggs toxicity around 100% at higher concentration. Similarly, I. tinctoria leaf methanol extract borne major phyto-compounds major constituents Heptasiloxane, hexadecamethyland 1,1-Dimethylethyl 3-Phenyl-2-Propenoate were tested 3rd instar larvae of selected medicinal and agronomic pests with their LC50/ LC90 value were 10.93/18.65 mg/ml, 10.87/18.77 mg/ml, 15.29/27.17 mg/ml, 16.84/29.41mg/ml and 11.16/19.38 mg/ml, 10.43/18.51 mg/ml, 14.57/26.58 mg/ml and 15.61/28.63 mg/ml were recorded on various pests of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. litura and H. armigera, respectively. Novelty: The statistical analysis of the data clearly indicates that phyto-compounds of I. tinctoria induced outstanding larvallethality were observed on selected pests. Particularly, the identified phytocompounds showed multifold toxicity against the selected pests. Keywords: Indigofera tinctoria; Phytocompound; Targetfauna; Ecosafety; Pesttoxicity

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Arunakumara, K. K. I. U., Buddhi Charana Walpola, and Min-Ho Yoon. "Alleviation of phyto-toxicity of copper on agricultural plants." Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 56, no. 5 (2013): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-013-3126-5.

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Thangarasu, Mohan, Pandiyan Jeganathan, Chandru Govindaraju, et al. "Phyto-Constituents of Manihot esculenta Crantz. (Euphorbiaceae): A Novel Bio-Weapon Against Human Threats Ecto -Parasitic Vectors and Lesser Environmental Risk." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 46 (2023): 4401–9. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i46.1859.

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Abstract Objectives: To identify the phyto-compounds from Manihot esculenta medicinal flora as well as leaf methanolic extract and major phyto-compounds were tested against larvae of medical pests. Methods: The various phytocompounds were isolated through GC-MS analysis, the selected phytocompounds and extract were tested by various concentrations against larvae of medical pests Aedes vittatus, Anopheles subpictus and Culex vishnui. Findings: A total of 65 PCs acquiring 100% and the Me-MPCs: 1,7-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)cyclodecane, Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl esters and Dibutyl phthalate were identified which strongly confirmed through GC-MS studies. Me-LME and Me-MPCs: 1,7-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)cyclodecane, Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl esters and Dibutyl phthalate were tested against 3rd instars larvae of vector species Aedes vittatus, Anopheles subpictus and Culex vishnui with their LC50/ LC90 values were 64.17/125.03, 9.363/17.17, 11.88/22.12, 14.33/26.82 and 89.65/177.62, 9.47/19.80, 11.94/24.90, 15.41/31.55 and 115.62/221.16, 11.51/23.82, 14.05/29.26 and 17.88/36.16 μg/mL respectively. Novelty: The selected phyto-products (Me-LME and Me-MPCs) were noticeably harmless tool on non-target fauna and very outstanding expression towards vector control approaches. In meticulously, the pure Me-MPCs were found multifold toxicity than the Me-LME in larval toxicity on selected mosquitoes which showed statically significant at p≤ 0.05 level. Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Biotoxicity, Ecosafety, GCMS analysis, Vector mosquitoes

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Vohra, K., H. Dureja, V. Garg, and R. Dutt. "Current Trends in Phyto-cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles." Current Nanomedicine 9, no. 1 (2019): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187308666180613102448.

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Background:Cancer has been considered as a deadly disease and its appropriate management is still a global challenge. The traditional anticancer therapeutics have been able to combat the disease to some extent but with numerous adverse effects which affect the quality of life of patients.Method:The introduction of alternative medicines, especially herbal medicines, has attracted the scientists’ due to low toxicity and high efficacy associated with them. However, their poor solubility and bioavailability decrease their efficacy. This has led to the increased use of targeted drug delivery systems in phyto-cancer therapy.Results:Nanoparticles (NPs), a novel drug delivery system has been widely used in the recent years due to their various advantages such as drug targeting, improved solubility, and bioavailability, high efficacy, low toxicity towards normal cells, low drug resistance, high drug loading at tumor site, etc.Conclusion:These benefits have also been observed in studies evaluating phytonanotherapy in cancer. The present review highlights current trends followed by phyto-cancer therapy using NPs. The recent studies conducted on herbal NPs for cancer therapy have also been enlisted.

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Singh, Harjindra, and Roop Singh Meena. "Assessment of solomon 300 OD (Betacyfluthrin 90 + Imidacloprid 210 OD) as phtotoxixity and effects on natural enimies of sucking insect pests in kinnow plants." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (2022): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/17.2/146-150.

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The trial for study was on orchard of Agricultural Research Station Srigangangar of kinnow 2 trees per treatment/ replication during 2016-2017. Eight treatments including control were evaluated and each treatment was replicated three times and using RBD to work bio-effeciacy of natural enemies of sucking insect pests of kinnow. Observations in each plot separately on natural enemies’ population were also recorded one days before of spray and 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after spray and evaluated from pooled data the natural enemies population has reduced some extend 3rd after spray and again increased also no ill effect of the natural enemies’ population. Out of these treatments two treatments one using 7 ml/ha and 14 ml/hawas taken as phyto-toxicity observation. No phyto toxicity symptoms was observed on number of leaves and infested leaves per twigs from 5 randomly selected twigs by viewing symptoms like leaf injury, yellowing, stunting, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty in the leafs.

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Palanisamy, K., R. Pushpa, and M. Lenin. "Chromium (Cr) phyto-toxicity effect of Horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.)." African Journal of Biological Sciences 02, no. 03 (2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33472/afjbs.2.3.2020.94-102.

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Mossa, Abdul-Wahab, Scott D. Young, and Neil M. J. Crout. "Zinc uptake and phyto-toxicity: Comparing intensity- and capacity-based drivers." Science of The Total Environment 699 (January 2020): 134314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134314.

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Peterson, Hans G., Céline Boutin, Pamela A. Martin, Kathryn E. Freemark, Norma J. Ruecker, and Mary J. Moody. "Aquatic phyto-toxicity of 23 pesticides applied at expected environmental concentrations." Aquatic Toxicology 28, no. 3-4 (1994): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445x(94)90038-8.

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K., Palanisamy, Pushpa R., and Lenin M. "Chromium (Cr) phyto-toxicity effect of Horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.)." African Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 3 (2020): 94–102. https://doi.org/10.33472/AFJBS.2.3.2020.94-102.

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In recent years, Heavy Metals (HMs) pollution has become a serious problem all over the world as these (HMs) continue in the soil for longer period due to their non-biodegradability. The chromium (Cr) is one of the nonessential heavy metal that makes highly toxicity in the plants as well as soil. Cr is one such nutrient required for sugar and fat metabolism in humans, whereas the role of Cr in plant growth and its uptake pathway are not yet fully understood. The pot experiments were carried out of the Horse gram (Dolichos biflorus L.) seeds were raised in pots, the pots containing 2.5 kg of soil with adding different levels of Cr (control, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg soil). Three replicates were maintained for each level. Morphological parameters like root and shoot length, total leaf area and fresh and dry weights and pigment content and biochemical estimation were recorded in 60th DAS of plants. From the results was concluded that the 2 mg kg-1 level of Cr in the soil was beneficial for the growth of Horse gram. The level of Cr in the soil above 2 mg kg-1 proved to be toxic effects. The results indicated that the 2 mg kg-1 Cr level can be increasing the growth of Horse gram.

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M, Nithya, Ambikapathy V, and Panneerselvam A. "Collection, Identification, Phytochemical analysis and Phyto toxicity test of Wood inhabiting Fungi Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.Fr.)P.Karst." Hygeia:journal for drugs and medicines 6, no. 1 (2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15254/h.j.d.med.6.2014.120.

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Kumbhar, Smita, Vaishnavi Jagdale, and Manish Bhatia. "Phytosomes: A Cutting-Edge Platform for Phytochemicals Delivery by Enhancing Bioavailability." Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 4 (2024): 794–810. https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i4.2488.

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The word "Phyto" signifies plant, while "some" is for cell. This innovative patented technology involves combining plant extracts or hydrophilic phytoconstituents with phospholipids to create lipid-suitable molecular complexes, resulting in not only enhanced absorption but also bioavailability. Extensive research has been conducted by various scientists to explore the transdermal way as an excellent method for delivering phytoconstituents. Phyto products or Phyto extracts are gaining significant consideration as dietary complements in managing inflammation, toxicity, cancer, weight loss, and various chronic degenerative conditions. Nevertheless, continuous advancements and studies are being conducted in this fieldthese products frequently encounter issues with stability and bioavailability. Once extracted, plant products become susceptible to instability and may not be suitable for passage through a biological membrane. This technique enhances the hydrophilicity of highly lipophilic drugs, manufacturing them convenient for drug delivery, and adequately enhance the lipophilicity of Phyto constituents to facilitate permeation through the bio- membrane. The use of Phytosomes for beautifying purposes has already been scientifically established. Additionally, this review offers a relative analysis of liposomes and Phytosomes, highlighting current developments in Phytosomes technology, mostly in transdermal drug delivery. Incorporation of polyphenol compounds into a self-assembled phospholipid-based delivery system, known as a Phytosomes, can significantly improve their poor oral bioavailability.

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Das, Manas, and Aashis Dutta. "Therapeutic Insights and Phyto-chemical Profile of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb: A Review." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 18, no. 1 (2025): 401–9. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/3096.

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Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.is a perennial herb belonging to Cyperaceae family and is in use in Paraguayan medicinal system as a refreshing beverage with major claims in possessing diuretic, digestive, sedative, tonic, anti-spasmodic and sudorific properties. Information about the herb was gathered through a structured electronic and bibliotheca exploration of different indexed and non-indexed journals and reports published on ethno-pharmacology, phyto-chemistry and traditional applications involving different pre-clinical studies (1972-2024) regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of the plant. The plantwith long slender rhizomes, solitary smooth stem, lanceolate spikelets and radially symmetrical pollen grains is enriched with phyto-constituents like flavonoids (quercetin, vitexin), terpenoids (limonene, linalool, δ-cardinene) and steroids (β-sitostenone, β-sitosterol). Various in-vitro and in-vivo scientific evidences unfold the pleiotropic nature of the herb including anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, anti-microbial, anti-aggressive, anti-spasmodic, anxiolytic and sedative property, most of which affect the nervous system. Even some traditional Paraguayan claims in pharmacological properties received controversial scientific output requiring extrapolative experimental confirmatory evidences. However, there is lack of data regarding certain aspects like phyto-constituents responsible for exhibiting effects and accurate molecular mechanism of operation. This comprehensive review summarizes the botanical description, conventional application, phyto-chemistry, pharmacological data and toxicity study of Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. as well as marked novel directions for further research and development to scientifically authenticate the pharmacological capability of the plant.

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Landis, D. A., and F. Gould. "SCREENING FOR PHYTO-PROTECTANTS TO GUARD CORN SEEDS/SEEDLINGS FROM SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM FEEDING INJURY." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 3 (1988): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.3.201.

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A screening program was developed to detect chemicals without acute toxicity that could protect seedling corn from injuiy by southern corn rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Crude plant extracts, purified secondary plant compounds and agricultural fungicides were screened in a no-choice laboratory bioassay using germinating corn seeds in soil. Promising candidates were further tested in a greenhouse assay. Chemicals were evaluated on the ability to reduce the number of plants damaged and the severity of SCR feeding. A seed treatment fungicide, thiram, energed as the most effective compound in these tests. The term phyto-protectant is used to describe substances which prevent or reduce the severity of insect damage to plants without regard to their specific mode of action. The usefulness and limitations of this screening program and terminology are discussed as well as implications for futher screening of phyto-protectants.

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Gopinath, V., S. Priyadarshini, A. R. Al-Maleki, et al. "In vitro toxicity, apoptosis and antimicrobial effects of phyto-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 110986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13871c.

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Karthikeyan, R., R. Sathya Priya, C. Bharathi, et al. "Triketone Derivates of Hydroxyl Phenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) as Potential Herbicides against Diverse Weed Flora in Maize: Efficacy, Phyto-toxicity, Soil Residual Toxicity Impact on Succeeding Sunflower." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 8 (2024): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84894.

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Aim: Field experiments were conducted for two years during 2016-17 to 2017-18 to evaluate the compatibility of tembotrione 420 SC (Laudis) on maize and its residual effect on succeeding crop. Methodology: Randomized complete block design with three replications were used. TNAU maize hybrid CO6 variety was sown with spacing of 60cm x 30cm. Seven weed control treatments were combined with various herbicide dosages followed by tembotrione (420 SC), 2,4-dimethyl amine salt (58% SL), atrazine (50% WP) and surfactant (isoxadifen-ethyl) were sprayed. Results: POE tembotrione at 120 g a.i.ha-1 + surfactant at 1000 ml + atrazine at 500 g a.i.ha-1 applied at 2-4 leaf stage provided satisfactory control of all types of weeds (grassy weeds, broad-leaved weeds and sedges) in maize without causing any crop phyto-toxicity on maize, which led to a higher grain yield and improved profitability. It was significantly controlled the dominant grassy and broad-leaved weeds which are Setaria verticillata (L.), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.), Panicum repens (L.), Cyperus rotundus (L.), Trianthema portulacastrum (L.) and Cleome gynandra (L.) as compared to the remaining herbicidal treatment. Laudis with different herbicide combinations had no phyto-toxicity on maize and it had no residual toxicity effect in sunflower subsequent crop. Interpretation: Compatibility of tembotrione (420 SC) at 120 g a.i.ha-1 + surfactant at 1000 ml + atrazine (50% WP) at 500 g a.i.ha-1 at 20 and 40 DAHS can maintain the total weed density and dry weight at a reasonable level and increase the productivity of rabi maize.

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Chakraborty, M., A. Bhattacharjee, and J. V. Kamath. "CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF URSOLIC ACID AGAINST DOXORUBICIN INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY." INDIAN DRUGS 53, no. 11 (2016): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.53.11.10769.

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Doxorubicin (DOX), is a potent anti-neoplastic agent but is associated with significant myocardial toxicity. Ursolic acid (UA), a potent phyto-constituent is documented for different medicinal properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the cardio-protective effect of UA against DOX induced cardiotoxicity. Rats of either sex were treated with UA (40 mg/kg, s.c.) alone and UA with DOX toxicity for four weeks. Apart from normal control and UA alone treated groups other groups, were subjected to DOX (3 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and the effect of different treatments were evaluated by changes in electrocardiographic parameters, serum biomarkers, tissue antioxidant levels, lipid profiles and histological parameters. UA treatment was responsible for restoration of electro-cardiographic parameters, decrease in biomarkers, increase in antioxidants, normalization of lipid parameters, decrease in histological score compared to DOX control group. UA treatment showed significant myocardial potency against DOX induced myocardial toxicity.

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Bensaad, Mohamed Sabri, Mohamed Amine Kahoul, Mokrane Khier, et al. "An Insight-Based Computational Approaches to Estimate Molecular Weight Distribution, Allergenicity and Immunological Aspects, Toxicity Profile, Possible Biodegradation, Persistence and Bioaccumulation Factor of Four Phyto-Compounds." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 17, no. 4 (2023): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2291.

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Clinical pharmacology and toxicology are considered nowadays two complementary and indispensable medical disciplines that allowed clinicians to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect of a several substance, but also to characterize their toxicity threshold. The contribution of bioinformatics tools and databases in these two fields has provided key elements, sometimes impossible to explain during early clinical phases. In this context, some computational approaches were used in this work to investigate the molecular weight distribution (MWD), allergenicity, toxicity profile, possible biodegradation, persistence and bioaccumulation factor of four natural compounds. Results revealed that MWD indices of compound 2 and 3 were the best among the tested compounds. However, the route of administration of compound 1 could be considered the safest for rats, especially the oral, intravenous and subcutaneous ways, in which LD50 values were the best, comparing to the other compounds. The two allergenicity tests revealed that the four phyto-compounds could be considered non-allergen agents and may not present any drug toxicity risks. Concerning cytotoxicity, compound 4 exhibited the best cytotoxic effect among these compounds with a corresponding value of Pa = 0.782 against colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. The four bio-compounds could be toxic for avian species but non-toxic for Daphnia magna, a key aquatic species. Compound 1 exhibited the lowest bioaccumulation factor value (0.17). All compounds were inactive against Tox21-Stress response pathways, but compound 2 and 3 could potentially be immunotoxic. Finally, all tested compounds may possess a non persistent profile, while only compound 1 and 4 could possibly be biodegradable. This preliminary work, revealed once again the potential of phyto-compounds and certain fundamental aspects, which could represents an initial step for further investigation.

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Perkov, Sergey, Anatoly Trigub, Mariya Medyankina, Tatyana Khairulina, and Elena Popova. "Impact of strontium concentration in water on phytoplankton and zooplankton." Fisheries 2022, no. 4 (2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2022-4-15-19.

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The article presents the results of experimental studies to assess the impact of heavy metals on the functioning of phyto- and zooplankton (Scenedesmus quadricaud, Daphnia magna). Determination of inactive and threshold concentration of strontium, toxicity parameters and the degree of acute toxicity has been carried out. As a result of the studies the data on the effect of strontium on hydrobionts of different trophic links were obtained. For zooplankton in terms of survival rate the maximum allowable concentration of strontium was 4 mg/l, in terms of fecundity - 2 mg/l in terms of fecundity. According to the indicator of single-celled algae Sc. quadricauda viability (cell number) in the chronic experiment the maximum allowable concentration of strontium is 2 mg/l.

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Uzdenov, Marat B., Boris B. Sysuev, Snezhana B. Evseeva, and Zhanna V. Gironas. "The role of herbal treatment and sorbents in the rehabilitation of patients with malignant disease of digestive system (review)." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 18, no. 2 (2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1681-3456-2019-18-2-107-111.

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Herbal therapies combined with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve the results, reduce toxicity and the frequency of side effects, improving the quality of life of patients. At all stages of antitumor treatment, as well as in the intervals between specific therapy and maintenance treatment, it is recommended to use pathogenetically justified phytoadaptogenes, tonic herbal remedies, and detoxifying complexes. There has been detected an actual trend in the development of new combined products that provides phyto medicines and sorbents in one composition.

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Tripathi, Pratibha, Ranu Yadav, Paurabi Das, et al. "Endophytic bacterium CIMAP-A7 mediated amelioration of atrazine induced phyto-toxicity in Andrographis paniculata." Environmental Pollution 287 (October 2021): 117635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117635.

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Iram, Fozia, Mohammad S. Iqbal, Muhammad M. Athar, Muhammad Z. Saeed, Abida Yasmeen, and Riaz Ahmad. "Glucoxylan-mediated green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and their phyto-toxicity study." Carbohydrate Polymers 104 (April 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.002.

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ANDRADE-VIEIRA, LARISSA F., CAROLINA M. BOTELHO, BRUNO G. LAVIOLA, MARCEL J. PALMIERI, and MILENE M. PRAÇA-FONTES. "Effects of Jatropha curcas oil in Lactuca sativa root tip bioassays." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 1 (2014): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130041.

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Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is important for biofuel production and as a feed ingredient for animal. However, the presence of phorbol esters in the oil and cake renders the seeds toxic. The toxicity of J. curcas oil is currently assessed by testing in animals, leading to their death. The identification of toxic and nontoxic improved varieties is important for the safe use of J. curcas seeds and byproducts to avoid their environmental toxicity. Hence, the aim of this study was to propose a short-term bioassay using a plant as a model to screen the toxicity of J. curcas oil without the need to sacrifice any animals. The toxicity of J. curcas oil was evident in germination, root elongation and chromosomal aberration tests in Lactuca sativa. It was demonstrated that J. curcas seeds contain natural compounds that exert phyto-, cyto- and genotoxic effects on lettuce, and that phorbol esters act as aneugenic agents, leading to the formation of sticky chromosomes and c-metaphase cells. In conclusion, the tests applied have shown reproducibility, which is important to verify the extent of detoxification and to determine toxic doses, thus reducing the numbers of animals that would be used for toxicity tests.

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Cassidy, Aedin. "Committee on Toxicity draft report on phyto-oestrogens and health - review of proposed health effects of phyto-oestrogen exposure and recommendations for future research." Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 2 (2003): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-3010.2003.00346.x.

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Prakash, V., and T* Vinodkumar. "A Study on the Transport Behaviour of Cobalt (Co) in Mangroves." PEARL Multidisciplinary Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 3–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4588184.

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Mangroves are a unique habitat rich in biodiversity. They are known as the plant army of the land. Present study is an attempt to simulate the accumulation and transport behaviour of cobalt by mangroves in sewage sludge included soil. Plants found on such fields absorb heavy metals, which causes phyto-toxicity. This manuscript is based on the dynamic macroscopic numerical model for heavy metal movement. The model is applied for simulating cobalt transport by Common Derris (Derris trifoliate) and Sea Holly (Acanthus ilicifolius) using measured field information. The controlling non-linear differential equations are settled numerically utilizing MATLAB.

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Singh, V. Pratap, Arya Kumar Sarvadamana, S. P. Singh, and Tej Pratap. "Bio efficacy and phyto-toxicity of dicamba 48%SL against broad-leaved weeds in maize." Indian Journal of Weed Science 52, no. 4 (2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2020.00067.2.

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Ibeh, N. I., M. A. Okungbowa, T. Ekrakena, and I. N. Ibeh. "Biokinetics and Phyto-toxicity of Pumpkin Leaves Extract on Human Erythrocytes, “An in vitro Study”." Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 13, no. 2 (2020): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2020.134.138.

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Vishnu Priyan, V., Tasrin Shahnaz, E. Suganya, Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam, and Selvaraju Narayanasamy. "Ecotoxicological assessment of micropollutant Diclofenac biosorption on magnetic sawdust: Phyto, Microbial and Fish toxicity studies." Journal of Hazardous Materials 403 (February 2021): 123532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123532.

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Dossouvi, Komla, Kossi Dossouvi, Akueba Dossouvi, and Kokou Dossouvi. "In vivo acute and subacute toxicity assessments of Viroscope®, a polyherbal ethanolic formulation produced in Lomé, Togo." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 10, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jrtm.2024-190054.

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Background: Phyto-medicines have been used to treat various diseases since ancient times. However, several studies have reported the toxicity of some medicinal plant preparations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo acute and subacute toxicity of an ethanolic extract of medicinal plants, “VIROSCOPE®”, produced by Viroscope SARL-U in Lomé, Togo. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity assessment was conducted according to the “OECD guideline 423 for the assessment of the acute toxicity of chemicals.” This study focused on the ready-to-use VIROSCOPE® and on the concentrated extract obtained after evaporation. Subacute toxicity was assessed according to the “OECD guideline 407 for the study of subacute toxicity of chemicals.” Control rats; VIROSCOPE®; solvents; 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the dry extract of VIROSCOPE® dissolved in drinking water were tested.The mortality rate, toxicity symptoms, food and water consumption, and changes in body weight were monitored. Biochemical and haematological parameters were also measured. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of hepatic and renal cells was conducted. Results : The median lethal dose (LD50) was > 5000 mg/kg. Repeated doses of the trial drug over a long period of 28 days had no major risk. In addition, it did not induce any pathological variations in biochemical and haematological parameters. According to histopathological results, there was no significant harmful effect to liver and kidney cells. Conclusion: VIROSCOPE® can be considered safe and must be administered strictly according to the indicated dosages on its bottle.

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Janakiraman, Dayana, and Parameswari Somasundaram. "ACTIVE PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Plectranthus amboinicus." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15115.

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Objective: Plectranthus amboinicus, (PA) leaves contain pharmaceutically important phyto constituents that attribute to greater medicinal values. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the active principles present in the potent Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and brine shrimp lethality studies to understand the toxicity profile of PA.Methods: An approach towards High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening of Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and selective partitioning using various solvents such as Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol were performed to identify the active principles present. Acute oral toxicity or brine shrimp lethality studies on Artemia salina L. using active fraction of PA were also attempted.Results: The HPLC profile of ethylacetate fraction of Hydroalcoholic extract showed flavonoids such as Rutin, quercetin, luteolin and gallic acid, which was found to be considerably different from Hydroalcoholic extract and this fraction also showed good acute oral toxicity effect and the LC50 value obtained was 198.630µg/ml.Conclusion: These results attribute to the pharmacological importance of the plant. Selective Isolation of individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting it to biological testing will definitely give promising results for medicinal field.

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Quan, Nguyen Van, Tran Dang Xuan, and Rolf Teschke. "Potential Hepatotoxins Found in Herbal Medicinal Products: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 5011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145011.

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The risk of liver injury associated with the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) is well known among physicians caring for patients under a HMP therapy, as documented in case reports or case series and evidenced by using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) to verify a causal relationship. In many cases, however, the quality of HMPs has rarely been considered regarding potential culprits such as contaminants and toxins possibly incriminated as causes for the liver injury. This review aims to comprehensively assemble details of tentative hepatotoxic contaminants and toxins found in HMPs. Based on the origin, harmful agents may be divided according two main sources, namely the phyto-hepatotoxin and the nonphyto-hepatotoxin groups. More specifically, phyto-hepatotoxins are phytochemicals or their metabolites naturally produced by plants or internally in response to plant stress conditions. In contrast, nonphyto-hepatotoxic elements may include contaminants or adulterants occurring during collection, processing and production, are the result of accumulation of toxic heavy metals by the plant itself due to soil pollutions, or represent mycotoxins, herbicidal and pesticidal residues. The phyto-hepatotoxins detected in HMPs are classified into eight major groups consisting of volatile compounds, phytotoxic proteins, glycosides, terpenoid lactones, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and phenolic acids. Nonphyto-hepatotoxins including metals, mycotoxins, and pesticidal and herbicidal residues and tentative mechanisms of toxicity are discussed. In conclusion, although a variety of potential toxic substances may enter the human body through HMP use, the ability of these toxins to trigger human liver injury remains largely unclear.

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Mosendz, I. A., I. P. Kremenetskaya, S. V. Drogobuzhskaya, and S. A. Alekseeva. "Sorption of heavy metals by the filtering containers with serpentine materials." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 2 (2020): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-2-182-189.

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The search for effective technologies for the remediation of technologically polluted natural objects is an urgent problem of environmental protection. At the experimental site near Kola MMC JSC (Murmansk region, Monchegorsk), experiments have been carried out on the use of mining waste to create phyto-adsorption sites in technologically polluted territories. During the experiments, filtering modules were used to study the processes of sorption/desorption of emission components with vermiculite-sungulite composition materials obtained by enriching phlogopite mining waste (Murmansk Region, Kovdor). To load two types of filtering modules designed to study open (I) and partially open (II) systems, the authors have used the initial and heat-treated granular sungulite, as well as slurry products (the content of sungulite and vermiculite was 30 %). As a control option, an experiment has been carried out using pure peat, selected in the vicinity of Apatity (Murmansk region). As a result of the study, the layer-by-layer content of the acid-soluble (or semi-gross) form of the components has been determined; the toxicity module has been calculated (the ratio of the total molar content of metals (Cu + Ni) and macronutrients (Ca + Mg)) used to assess the possible toxic effect of products in relation to plants. Pure peat has proved to possess the greatest sorption ability, however, at the end of the experiment, the highest degree of toxicity has been observed for peat; mineral products have been the least toxic. An analysis of the distribution of metals among the layers of filtering modules (II) has shown that intense accumulation of metals is observed in the upper layers; with increasing depth (layers 2-4) there is a gradual decrease in the copper content, in some products nickel is leached in the lower layers. The results of the study have shown that for loading phyto-adsorption sites it is advisable to use a granular sungulite product characterized by good sorption ability and low toxicity.

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Mishra, Brijesh Kumar, SN Saxena, and Krishna Kant. "Abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops by phyto-beneficial microbial inoculants: a review." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 8, no. 3 (2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2020.08.00252.

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Many agricultural crops at global level are exposed to numerous abiotic stresses such as extremely high or low temperature, salinity, drought, acidic soils, and metal toxicity. Depending on the type of crop, such abiotic stresses result in yield losses in tune of 50 to 82%. It is widely recognized that microbes perform crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling; the impact of microbes on plant productivity and diversity is still need to understand. The role of microbial inoculants in plant growth promotion, nutrient management and disease control is very well studied. These beneﬁcial microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere /endorhizosphere of plants and promote growth of the plants through various direct and indirect mechanisms. Microorganisms could play a significant role in this respect; if suitably exploit their unique properties of tolerance to extremities. It is therefore, very essential to explore the soil microbial diversity and the various modes of actions involved in direct and indirect plant growth promotion and develop consortium of two or more phyto-beneficial microbes to attain maximum benefits from microbial inoculation. The present review article provides concise updated information on Phyto-beneficial microbial inoculants in food production system especially horticultural crops.

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Meenambal, Rugmani, S. K. Hema, Vedika Tomar, and Anita Puyam. "Probe into DNA interaction, cell toxicity and antifungal activities of phyto-synthesized yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012044.

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Abstract Green synthesis is considered to be eco-friendly approach in comparison to chemical mediated synthesis and hence the study demonstrates facile Nyctanthes arbortristis mediated phyto-synthesis of biocompatible yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to confirm the formation of cubic Y2O3 nanoparticles. Further, the interaction of Y2O3 with calf thymus-DNA were scrutinized by UV-visible, fluorescence spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques and the results suggested the stabilization of CT-DNA by the biosynthesized Y2O3. Also, the synthesized Y2O3 does not exhibit any toxicity in SK-MEL, human melanoma cell lines. Further, the studies on antifungal activities of Y2O3 nanoparticles revealed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of plant pathogen Exserohilum rostratum causing Exserohilum leaf blight in pearl millet. Hence, the findings deliver the foundation for furtherbiological research investigations of Y2O3 and its application in phytopathogen control.

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ANJUM, Shakeel Ahmad, Umair ASHRAF, Imran KHAN, et al. "Phyto-Toxicity of Chromium in Maize: Oxidative Damage, Osmolyte Accumulation, Anti-Oxidative Defense and Chromium Uptake." Pedosphere 27, no. 2 (2017): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60315-1.

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Kumar, Ankit, and Meena Khwairakpam. "A comparative study with vermifilter and geofilter for domestic wastewater treatment and its Phyto-toxicity efficacy." Journal of Water Process Engineering 60 (April 2024): 105245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105245.

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Khadka, Bikram, Jae-Young Lee, Eui Kyun Park, Ki-Taek Kim, and Jong-Sup Bae. "Impacts of Drug Interactions on Pharmacokinetics and the Brain Transporters: A Recent Review of Natural Compound-Drug Interactions in Brain Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041809.

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Natural compounds such as herbal medicines and/or phyto-compounds from foods, have frequently been used to exert synergistic therapeutic effects with anti-brain disorder drugs, supplement the effects of nutrients, and boost the immune system. However, co-administration of natural compounds with the drugs can cause synergistic toxicity or impeditive drug interactions due to changes in pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., absorption, metabolism, and excretion) and various drug transporters, particularly brain transporters. In this review, natural compound–drug interactions (NDIs), which can occur during the treatment of brain disorders, are emphasized from the perspective of pharmacokinetics and cellular transport. In addition, the challenges emanating from NDIs and recent approaches are discussed.

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Strokova, Valeria, Viktoria Nelubova, Mariana Sivalneva, and Vadim Kobzev. "Phytotoxicity Analysis of Different Compositions of Nanostructured Binder." Key Engineering Materials 761 (January 2018): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.189.

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Nanostructured binder (NB) based on silicate and alumosilicate raw materials is prospective type of binders that can be applied for production of construction composites with different purpose. Production technology of nanostructured binder is characterized by using of natural raw materials only (independently of its genesis) as well as zero of chemically aggressive additives, that indicates on environmental friendliness and health safety of NB. Indicator of ecological safety of NB can be toxic effect on life activity of crop plants (phyto-effect) determined with phytoanalysis. In this paper it is determined NB to be characterized by low toxicity, so we can say about its environmental friendliness and health safety.

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Shaikh, Heena Yaqub, Shaik Kalimulla Niazi, Asmatanzeem Bepari, et al. "Biological Characterization of Cleome felina L.f. Extracts for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, and Hepatoprotective Activities in Wister Albino Rats." Antibiotics 12, no. 10 (2023): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101506.

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The present study aims to explore the phytochemical constitution and biological activities of Cleome felina L.f. (Cleomaceae). C. felina (leaves, stem, and root) extracts (acetone, methanol, and water) were qualitatively assessed for phytochemical presence. Methanolic leaves extract revealed more positive phyto-compounds among all the extracts; further, methanolic leaves extract was evaluated for FTIR, EDX, GCMS, antimicrobial assay, acute toxicity, and paracetamol-induced hepatoprotective activity in Wister albino rats. FTIR and EDX analysis unveiled important functional groups and elements in the leaves. GCMS analysis of methanolic leaves extract exposed 12 active phyto-compounds: major constituents detected were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, formate-48.79%; 1-Decanol, 2-ethyl-13.40%; 1,6-Anhydro-β-d-talopyranose-12.49%; Ethene, 1,2-bis(methylthio)-7.22%; Decane-4.02%; 3-Methylene-7, 11-dimethyl-1-dodecene-3.085%; Amlexanox-2.50%; 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentanetetrol, (1α,2β,3β,4α)-2.07%; L-Cysteine S-sulfate-1.84%; n-Hexadecanoic acid-1.70%; and Flucarbazone-1.55%. The antimicrobial assay showed a moderate zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and C. glabrata at 100 µL/mL concentration. Additionally, acute toxicity revealed no behavioral sign of the toxic effect. The significant results were obtained for methanolic leaves extract (low-50 and high-100 mg/kg b.wt. dose) for hepatoprotective activity, where it dramatically reduced serum blood biochemical markers (AST, ALT, ALP, Total bilirubin, and cholesterol) and exhibited elevated hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH) concentration with lipid peroxidation retardation. To conclude, C. felina methanolic leaves extract ameliorated important phytochemical compounds and showed significant antimicrobial and hepatoprotective efficacy; therefore, utilization of C. felina leaves suggested in pharmacological applications, and in numerous cosmetics, herbicides, and food industries, would be a great scope for future hepatoprotective drug designing.

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Pham, Minh Quan, Thuy Huong Le Thi, Quoc Long Pham, et al. "In Silico Assessment and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Phyto-Triterpenoid for Potential Disruption of Mortalin-p53 Interaction." Processes 9, no. 11 (2021): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111983.

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Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, represents the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. The high toxicity and side effects of some cancer chemotherapy drugs increase the demand for new anti-cancer drugs from natural products. Mortalin/mtHsp70, a stress response protein, has been reported to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis in several ways, including the inhibition of the transcriptional activation of p53. This study conducted a molecular docking study of 41 phyto triterpenes originated from Vietnamese plants for potential Mortalin inhibition activity. Nine compounds were considered as promising inhibitors based on the analysis of binding affinity and drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties.

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Dhaije, GC, SR Rajurkar, Nitin D. Jadhav, et al. "Sub-acute dermal toxicity of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaf extract coated silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in wistar rats." Journal of Phytopharmacology 13, no. 4 (2024): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2024.13401.

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The application of different nanoparticles is underway in the development of phyto-medicines. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used as coating agents to treat various bacterial and viral diseases. Their safety and potential toxicity necessitate further research to explore the development of nanoparticles coated herbal drugs. The Azadirachta indica (neem) 5% leaf extract and silver nitrate was used to prepare the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) with the biological reduction (green synthesis) method [1]. The application of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) coated with J. carcus leaf extract (JcLE) on Wistar rats showed no adverse sign of toxicity on hematological parameters except an increase in the neutrophil count and increased in total erythrocyte count (TEC) on 28th day. Similarly, serum biochemical values exhibited an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) and alanine transaminase (ALT/SGPT) with JcLE-coated SNPs in treated groups. The histopathology revealed that there was no alteration in skin architecture, however, minimal alteration was observed in the liver and kidney with dilatation of the central vein and sinusoidal space, fatty change in the liver, multifocal necrobiotic changes, cystic degeneration and mild focal glomerular atrophy and hyaline cast in the lumen of tubules of kidney. It indicates the proper absorption and excretion of SNPs from the body. There was no significant effect on hematological parameters in the rats treated with J. curcas leaf extract-coated SNP. However, the serum biochemical analysis revealed a toxic effect on the kidney.

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Borisova, Juliya A., G. B. Smirnova, I. Zh Shubina, Z. S. Shprakh, and E. M. Treshchalina. "Phyto-anti-estrogens are potential selective modifiers of biological reactions in breast cancer." Russian Journal of Oncology 21, no. 4 (2016): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-201621-4-212-219.

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The review analyzes up-to-date information about specific characteristics of anti-estrogen therapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action with regard to present knowledge of endocrine therapy for estrogen-positive breast cancer (ER+ BC). The paper presents some agents for anti-estrogen therapy of breast cancer - aromatase inhibitors and selective modifiers of biological reactions (SMBR) and their mechanisms of anti-proliferative action. The authors describe significant therapeutic and side effects as well as different options for anti-estrogen combinations. Special emphasis is made on national herbal estrogens/anti-estrogens that have no toxicity associated with the well-known SMBRs. The review presents the structure and characteristics of a perspective phyto-anti-estrogen sekoizolaricirezinol (SEKO), which demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity with no pro-estrogen action in the in vivo models of ER+ BC.

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Syed, Md Abu, K. M. Iftekharuddaula, M. A. Khaleque Mian, et al. "Main effect QTLs associated with arsenic phyto-toxicity tolerance at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Euphytica 209, no. 3 (2016): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1683-5.

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Lira-Saldivar, Ricardo Hugo, B. Méndez-Argüello, I. Vera-Reyes, and G. De los Santos-Villarreal. "PHYTO-TOXICITY BY NANOTUBE OF CARBON MULTI WALLS AND GRAPHITE OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN PLANTS OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS." Journal of Agricultural Sciences Research (2764-0973) 3, no. 3 (2023): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.973332329032.

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Slaveykova, Vera I., and Matea Marelja. "Progress in Research on the Bioavailability and Toxicity of Nanoplastics to Freshwater Plankton." Microplastics 2, no. 4 (2023): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics2040029.

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The present review critically examines the advancements in the past 5 years regarding research on the bioavailability and toxicity of the nanoplastics (NPLs) to freshwater plankton. We discuss the recent progress in the understanding of adsorption, absorption, trophic transfer, and biological effects in phyto- and zooplankton induced by NPLs exposure. The influence of plankton on NPLs’ bioavailability via the excretion of biomolecules and formation of eco-corona is also examined. Despite important research developments, there are still considerable knowledge gaps with respect to NPLs’ bioavailability and trophic transfer by plankton as well as a potential adverse effect in natural aquatic systems. As plankton play a critical role in primary production, nutrient cycling, and food web structure, understanding the interactions between NPLs and plankton is essential in assessing the potential implications of NPLs pollution for aquatic ecosystem biodiversity and services.

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Malkov, S. V., A. S. Krasnoperov, O. Yu Oparina, A. I. Belousov, and A. P. Poryvaeva. "Evaluating local tolerance and toxic effects of Endoforce Phyto feed additive based on laboratory animals." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 4 (January 5, 2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2023-42-4-51-60.

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During import substitution, feed additives are increasingly being used, including the most effective strains of spore-forming aerobic bacteria families of the genus Bacillus subtilis, capable of revealing the genetic potential of animals. No oedema and erythema were detected when determining the local tolerance of the Endoforce Phyto feed additive on the rabbit skin. The values of physiological parameters remained normal. Conjunctival instillation of the investigational product also did not lead to deterioration in the functions of the eye unit mucous membranes and the body's functional state. A single feeding of the Endoforce Phyto feed additive at a dose many times higher than the recommended one did not lead to the death of laboratory animals or changes in behavioural reactions and physiological state, which confirmed the absence of its acute toxicity. After 90 days of determining chronic toxicity in rodents of all experimental groups, an increase in the number of erythrocytes and haemoglobin was noted: in control – by 7.2 and 8.0%, in the 1st experimental group – by 10.8 and 13.9%, in the 2nd experimental one – by 13.3 and 11.1%, in the 3rd experimental one – by 12.7 and 20.7%, respectively, compared to the baseline values. This confirmed the best body oxygenation in the rats of the experimental groups. Within the follow-up period, an increase in the total protein content in the animals of the experimental groups from 57.03 g/l to 67.30-69.82 g/l and in individuals of the control one from 68.90 to 71.33 g/l compared to the primary screening data was registered. In contrast, the activity of such enzymes as alkaline phosphatase decreased in the control by 3.3 times, and in the experimental groups – only by 1.7-1.8 times. Comparable values of biochemical parameters in rats of the experimental and control groups confirm the absence of a negative impact of the studied feed additive on the parameters of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In the results of the rat autopsy, no pathological changes in colour, consistency and size of internal organs were registered.

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Pooja Pradhan , Kamran Javed Naquvi, Neeraj Kumar. "Phytochemical Analysis an Antimicrobial Antioxidant Activities of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa Arnebia benthamii, Glycyrrhiza glabra Polyherbal Planterosomal Gel." Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54, no. 2 (2025): 4765–76. https://doi.org/10.48047/d1h08c78.

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According to ancient system an individual herbs cannot achieve the desired therapeutic result. When it isoptimized as multiple herbal compositions in a particular ratio it will give a therapeutic effect in a better waywith reduced toxicity. In order to develop such an intervention, the present study was intended to develop apolyherbal planterosomal gel from methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma Longa, Glycyrrhizaglabra, Arnebia banthamii. Furthermore, the study intended to assess the effects of polyherbalism onantioxidant and antibacterial properties; the ratio of distinct plant extracts was subsequently modified to treatthe area of damage. Several plant extracts and their phyto-constituents are known as promising alternativesfor wound healing agents due to the presence of diverse active components, ease of access, and minimalside effects

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Gupta, Kiran. "Biomonitoring of lead (Pb) toxicity through aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10500.

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A study was performed for biomonitoring the toxicity of lead (Pb) in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). To assess phytotoxic response of the plant against Pb chlorophyll content, protein content and NR activity has been observed while genotoxiocity was analyzed by study of mitotic index and micronuclei (MNCs) as genotoxic end point. For this purpose, Plants of Eichhornia crassipes were exposed to various concentrations of Pb (0.0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 ppm) for 2 and 7 days durations. Pb induced phytotoxicity was evident by reduction in chlorophyll content, protein content and nitrate reductase activity (NR activity). All aforesaid parameters decreased in dose-duration dependent manner. Pb treatment also led to dose-duration dependent inhibition of mitotic index (MI) and induction of micronuclei in root meristematic cells of E. crassipes. Decline in MI reflects cytotoxicity that directly affects root growth and elongation. Pb may cause cell death, which may appear as decline in MI. Micronucleus induction involving the mitotic spindle and consequent production of laggard chromosomes during anaphase and loss of a complete chromosome. The present investigations revealed that E. crassipes exposed to Pb experienced phyto-genotoxicity, therefore it can be utilized as biomonitoring tool for toxicity of Pb assessment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10500 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 12-19

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JANA, KALYAN, ARUP SARKAR, ANTARA PRAMANIK, KANU MURMU, MUNMUN NESHA, and NIDHI VERMA. "Field Bio-efficacy Cum Phyto-toxicity Evaluation of Glyphosate 41% SL against Weed Complex in Tea (Camellia sinensis)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 3 (2025): 428–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i32103.

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A study was undertaken at Sukarpara Tea Estate, Bahadur, Jalpaiguri, in the state of West Bengal, to assess the effectiveness of Glyphosate 41% SL in controlling weed flora in Tea plantation during the kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023.There were six treatments that were replicated four.The experiment revealed that the application of Glyphosate 41% SL at 3.0 L ha-1 (1.23 kg a.i. ha-1)as formulation resulted in significantly lowest total weed density and dry weight and higher green leaf yield(34.8qha-1).Although, this treatment administered did not observe any significant impact on the overall population of fungus, bacteria, and actinomycetes. Thus application of Glyphosate 41% SL at 1.23 kg a.i. ha-1(3.0 L ha-1) was most effective in managing weed flora in tea plantation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phyto-toxicity'

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