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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytoalexine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gross, Dieter, Andrea Porzel, and Jürgen Schmidt. "Phytoalexine mit Indolstruktur aus Kohlrabi {Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+ / Indole Phytoalexins from the Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 5-6 (1994): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-5-601.

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Abstract UV-irradiation of sliced stem tubers of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) followed by incubation for 4 days, resulted in the production of two new sulphur-containing indole phytoalexins, cyclobrassinone and 1 -methoxyspirobrassinin, whose structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Three known indole phytoalexins, spirobrassinin, methoxybrassitin and methoxybrassinin, and several m inor phytoalexin-like compounds not yet identified were also isolated. The accumulation of these indole phytoalexins was also induced by abiotic elicitation with CuCl2. Feeding

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2

Höxtermann, Ekkehard. "Karl Otto Müller (1897—1978) und die Entdeckungsgeschichte der Phytoalexine." Journal of Phytopathology 132, no. 2 (1991): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb00107.x.

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3

Mohanty, B., S. M. Basha, D. W. Gorbet, R. J. Cole, and J. W. Dorner. "Variation in Phytoalexin Production by Peanut Seed from Several Genotypes1." Peanut Science 18, no. 1 (1991): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-18-1-7.

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Abstract Evaluation of twenty peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for their phytoalexin producing ability showed wide variation in the amount and composition of phytoalexins produced. Some genotypes produced one major phytoalexin component while the other genotypes produced seven major phytoalexin components. In addition, high phytoalexin producing genotypes utilized more methionine-rich protein than the low phytoalexin producing genotypes suggesting that methionine-rich protein or its breakdown products may have a role in phytoalexin production.

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4

Ingham, John L. "A Further Investigation of Phytoalexin Formation in the Genus Trifolium." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 7-8 (1990): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-7-814.

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Abstract An earlier study of phytoalexin formation in the genus Trifolium has now been extended to include a further 61 species and subspecies. Using the drop-diffusate method, isoflavonoid phytoalexins were isolated from the fungus-inoculated leaflets of 55 accessions, whilst four others produced the stilbene derivative resveratrol. Phytoalexins could not be obtained from the leaflets of two species, T. billardieri and T. grandiflorum. The pterocarpan medicarpin was the most commonly encountered phytoalexin, occurring alone or in various combinations with the known Trifolium isofjavonoids maa

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5

Matsuoka, Koji. "Total Synthesis of a Heptasaccharide Phytoalexine Elicitor through Solid Phase Synthesis." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 9, no. 49 (1997): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.9.411.

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6

Carle, Reinhold. "Phytoalexine und ihre Bedeutung für die Resistenz höherer Pflanzen gegenüber Schadorganismen." Pharmazie in Unserer Zeit 21, no. 3 (1992): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pauz.19920210307.

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7

Thynn, M., A. Wolff, E. Gorge, and D. Werner. "Low Concentrations of Phytoalexins Correlate with Resistance in Regenerated Plants from Meristem Cultures of Vicia faba L." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 3-4 (1989): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-3-411.

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Abstract In tissue cultures from shoot apex meristems with leaf primordias of Vicia faba cv. TP667, addition of low concentration of auxins (0.01 mg ・1-1) induced regeneration of whole plants at high frequency (100%). The combination of NAA and kinetin or GA , also induced a high yield of plant regeneration. Regenerated plants from various cultivars on a medium with 2 ,4 D (0.01 mg ・1-1) were infected with Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora megasperma and R hizoctonia solani. Accumulation of phytoalexins, ethylene production and the resistance to fungal diseases were studied. In general, productio

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8

Fawe, A., M. Abou-Zaid, J. G. Menzies, and R. R. Bélanger. "Silicon-Mediated Accumulation of Flavonoid Phytoalexins in Cucumber." Phytopathology® 88, no. 5 (1998): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.5.396.

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The controversial role of silicon in plant disease resistance, described mostly as a passive mechanical protection, has been addressed. Conclusive evidence is presented that silicon is involved in the increased resistance of cucumber to powdery mildew by enhancing the antifungal activity of infected leaves. This antifungal activity was attributable to the presence of low-molecular-weight metabolites. One of these metabolites, described here as a phytoalexin, was identified as a flavonol aglycone rhamnetin (3,5,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-7-O-methoxyflavone). This is the first report of a phytoalexin fo

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9

Aziz, Aziz, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Laurent Dhuicq, Philippe Jeandet, Michel Couderchet, and Guy Vernet. "Chitosan Oligomers and Copper Sulfate Induce Grapevine Defense Reactions and Resistance to Gray Mold and Downy Mildew." Phytopathology® 96, no. 11 (2006): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-1188.

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Chitosan (CHN), a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was shown to be efficient in promoting plant defense reactions. CHN oligomers of different molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation (DA) triggered an accumulation of phytoalexins, trans- and cis-resveratrol and their derivatives ε-viniferin and piceid, in grapevine leaves. Highest phytoalexin production was achieved within 48 h of incubation with CHN at 200 μg/ml with an MW of 1,500 and a DA of 20% (CHN1.5/20), while oligomers with greater MW were less efficient, indicating that a specific MW threshold could be required for phytoalexi

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10

Pedras, M. Soledade C., Ravi S. Gadagi, Qing-An Zheng, and S. Roger Rimmer. "Selective Elicitation of the Phytoalexin Rutalexin in Rutabaga and Turnip Roots by a Biotrophic Plant Pathogen." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 8 (2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300804.

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Stress responses of roots of rutabaga ( Brassica napus ssp. napobrassica) and turnip ( B. rapa ssp. rapa) were analyzed. Phytoalexin production due to biotic elicitation by the biotroph Albugo candida and abiotic elicitation using UV irradiation was quantified by HPLC. The phytoalexin rutalexin was produced in substantially higher amounts in rutabaga and turnip roots inoculated with A. candida than in UV irradiated roots. By contrast, production of the phytoalexins brassinin in rutabaga and cyclobrassinin in turnip was higher in UV irradiated roots than in roots inoculated with A. candida. Ove

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11

Storck, Michael, and Maria D. Sacristán. "The Role of Phytoalexins in the Seedling Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Some Crucifers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, no. 1-2 (1995): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1995-1-204.

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Abstract Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata and Sinapis arvensis resistant lines to Leptosphaeria maculans and four Brassica napus cuitivars susceptible to this pathogen in seedling stage were analyzed in relation to the accumulation of phytoalexins after inoculation with L. maculans. Cotyledon inoculations with spore suspensions of an aggressive and a non-aggressive isolate of L. maculans were performed on seedlings of these lines. The quantity of accumulated phytoalexins in the cotyledons was determined at different time intervals after inoculation. The content and composition of phytoalexin

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12

Keßmann, Helmut, Susanne Daniel, and Wolfgang Barz. "Elicitation of Pterocarpan Phytoalexins in Cell Suspension Cultures of Different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars by an Elicitor from the Fungus Ascochyta rabiéi." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 7-8 (1988): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-7-809.

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Cell suspension cultures of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars, resistant and susceptible towards the chickpea pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, were compared with regard to elicitor-induced changes in phytoalexin and isoflavone accumulation. The elicitor was isolated from fermentergrown mycelium of A. rabiei and it mainly consisted of glucose, mannose and N-acetylgalactosamin. Time course and dose response studies on elicitor action demonstrated that the cell culture of the resistant cultivar ILC 3279 accumulated large amounts of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain within

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13

Ham, Kyung-Sik, Peter Albersheim та Alan G. Darvill. "Generation of β-glucan elicitors by plant enzymes and inhibition of the enzymes by a fungal protein". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-364.

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The biosynthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins is a well-studied plant defense response. Plants synthesize and accumulate phytoalexins in response to microbial infection or elicitor treatment. The β-glucan heptaglucoside is a well-studied phytoalexin elicitor isolated from partial acid hydrolysates of Phytophthora sojae f.sp. glycines (Psg) mycelial walls. Using the soybean – Psg system, we have demonstrated that endo-1,3-β-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39) are the principal soybean enzymes involved in generating phytoalexin oligoglucoside elicitors from mycelial walls. We have also recently observe

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14

Jimenez, L. D., W. A. Ayer, and J. P. Tewari. "Phytoalexins produced in the leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse)." Phytoprotection 78, no. 3 (2005): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706124ar.

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Three phytoalexins, camalexin (C11H8N2S), 6-methoxycamalexin (C12H10N2SO), and N-methylcamalexin (C12H10N2S), were isolated from shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) challenged by Alternaria brassicae. N-methylcamalexin has not been reported previously. Phytoalexin elicitation in shepherd's purse is associated with its resistance to A. brassicae, a pathogen which causes an important disease of cruciferous crops in many parts of the world.

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15

Pedras, M. Soledade C., and Ryan B. Snitynsky. "Impact of Cruciferous Phytoalexins on the Detoxification of Brassilexin by the Blackleg Fungus Pathogenic to Brown Mustard." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 6 (2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500612.

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The biotransformation of brassilexin, a potent phytoalexin produced by brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.), in the presence of various cruciferous phytoalexins was investigated. An important group of isolates of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans (Laird 2 and Mayfair 2), which is virulent to brown mustard, but not to canola, was used in this investigation. Brassilexin was detoxified by the fungus, but none of the phytoalexins seemed to affect substantially the rate of brassilexin detoxification; after 12 h of incubation, the amounts of brassilexin remaining in culture were as low as in c

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16

Wolff, Andreas B., Maung Thynn, Elisabeth Gorge, and Dietrich Werner. "Wyerol and Wyerone Accumulation in Tissue Cultures of Vicia faba." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 9-10 (1988): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-9-1003.

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Abstract Callus cultures of various cultivars of Vicia faba were studied for regeneration. During callus growth on agar or in liquid medium a black tissue was often observed correlated with an autolysis of some cells. With those tissues callus growth and regeneration of plants was inhibited. In black callus the phytoalexin synthesis is induced without infection by microorganism. The main phytoalexins in the callus tissue are wyerol and wyerone, with some wyeronic acid and dihydrowyerone. Wyerol was found especially in the cultivar Troy at a high concentration. In four cultivars the pooled phyt

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17

Gunia, Werner, Walter Hinderer, Uta Wittkampf, and Wolfgang Barz. "Elicitor Induction of Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenases in Cell Suspension Cultures of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Involvement in Pterocarpan Phytoalexin Biosynthesis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 1-2 (1991): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-1-210.

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Abstract A yeast glucan elicitor causes the accumulation of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cell suspension cultures established from seeds. A cell culture line from a chickpea cultivar resistant against its main fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei accumulates large amounts (944 nm ol/g fr. wt.) whereas a cell culture line from a susceptible cultivar accumulates only low amounts (38 nm ol/g fr. wt.) of the phytoalexins. This is consistent with differential accumulation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in intact plants [1], The first reactions in the

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18

Breuil, Anne-Céline, Philippe Jeandet, Marielle Adrian, et al. "Characterization of a Pterostilbene Dehydrodimer Produced by Laccase of Botrytis cinerea." Phytopathology® 89, no. 4 (1999): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.4.298.

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In the interaction between grapevines and Botrytis cinerea, one of the main aspects of pathogenicity is fungal ability to degrade phytoalexins synthesized by the plant in response to infection. Laccase-like stilbene oxidase activity in liquid cultures of B. cinerea has been shown to be related to the decrease of phytoalexin concentrations. Recent research and results presented in this paper determined the chemical structure of a pterostilbene metabolite produced by B. cinerea. Study of degradation of pterostilbene that has just one free hydroxy phenyl group function allowed us to determine the

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19

Klein, Andrew P., and Elizabeth S. Sattely. "Biosynthesis of cabbage phytoalexins from indole glucosinolate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 1910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615625114.

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Brassicacrop species are prolific producers of indole–sulfur phytoalexins that are thought to have an important role in plant disease resistance. These molecules are conspicuously absent in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana, and little is known about the enzymatic steps that assemble the key precursor brassinin. Here, we report the minimum set of biosynthetic genes required to generate cruciferous phytoalexins starting from the well-studied glucosinolate pathway. In vitro biochemical characterization revealed an additional role for the previously described carbon–sulfur lyase SUR1 in process

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Kokubun, Tetsuo, and Jeffrey B. Harborne. "A Survey of Phytoalexin Induction in Leaves of the Rosaceae by Copper Ions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 9-10 (1994): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-9-1014.

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Abstract The leaves of 130 species of Rosaceae were surveyed for phytoalexin induction. Both biotic and abiotic induction was examined and antifungal compounds were detected in 47 species. However, these compounds appeared to be constitutive metabolites, released from bound phenolic materials already present in the leaf. In Pyrus, hydroquinone was produced from the hydrolysis of arbutin present in the vacuole before inoculation. In most other species, the fungitoxic agents were mainly catechin-like derivatives, apparently released from the tannins present within the leaf. By contrast, the synt

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21

Hynes, R. K., J. Hill, M. S. Reddy, and G. Lazarovits. "Phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls in response to inoculation with rhizobacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 7 (1994): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-088.

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Fifteen rhizobacteria were tested for their ability to induce a hypersensitive response and phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls. Of these, nine strains of the genus Pseudomonas and two Serratia strains induced a hypersensitive response and the production of three antifungal compounds by cotyledons. Two of the antifungal compounds shared uv spectra, retention time in high-performance liquid chromatography, and Rf by thin-layer chromatography that were identical to those of thephytoalexins kievitone and phaseollinisoflavan. The hypersensiti

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Pedras, M. Soledade C., Abdul Q. Khan, Kevin C. Smith, and Shawndra L. Stettner. "Preparation, biotransformation, and antifungal activity of methyl benzyldithiocarbamates." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 6 (1997): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-099.

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The biotransformation of three methyl benzyldithiocarbamates by the blackleg fungus (Leptosphaeriamaculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not., asexual stage Phomalingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm) was investigated. The main biotransformation products were isolated and their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Similarly to our previous studies with the phytoalexin brassinin, these results suggest that virulent blackleg isolates are significantly more effective in metabolizing benzyldithiocarbamates than the related avirulent isolates. Keywords: benzyldithiocarbamates, brassinin, Leptosph

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23

Waghmare, P. P., and Sahera Nasreen. "Analysis of biochemical changes in cultivars of Black gram, Green gram and Pea against powdery mildew." Plantae Scientia 2, no. 1 (2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v2i1.5-10.

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Powdery mildew disease of the Black gram, Mung bean and Pea are a major constraint in the production. The resistance of plants to various pathogens depends on synthesis and level of various defence enzymes like hydrolases; peroxidases and antimicrobial compounds like phytoalexins (Kuc, l991 et al Kauffmann et al. l987; Boiler, l987; Mauch et al., l988; Kale and Choudhary 200l, Koche and Choudhary, 2005). The present study focused on visual screening of selected crop cultivars against the powdery mildew and its biochemical correlation with chlorophyll content, sugars, phenols content, PR-protei

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VanEtten, Hans D., Robert W. Sandrock, Catherine C. Wasmann, Scott D. Soby, Kevin McCluskey, and Ping Wang. "Detoxification of phytoanticipins and phytoalexins by phytopathogenic fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-291.

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Most plants synthesize antimicrobial compounds as part of normal plant development (i.e., phytoanticipins) or synthesize such compounds de novo when challenged by microorganisms (i.e., phytoalexins). The presumed role of these plant antibiotics is to protect the plant from disease. However, many phytopathogenic fungi have enzymes that can detoxify the phytoanticipins or phytoalexins produced by their host. This may be a means that these pathogens have evolved to circumvent resistance mechanisms based on the production of plant antibiotics. Many of the phytoanticipin- and phytoalexin-detoxifyin

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Angarita-Rodríguez, Andrea, Diego Quiroga, and Ericsson Coy-Barrera. "Indole-Containing Phytoalexin-Based Bioisosteres as Antifungals: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation against Fusarium oxysporum." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010045.

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There is a continuous search for more reliable and effective alternatives to control phytopathogens through different strategies. In this context, indole-containing phytoalexins are stimuli-induced compounds implicated in plant defense against plant pathogens. However, phytoalexins’ efficacy have been limited by fungal detoxifying mechanisms, thus, the research on bioisosteres-based analogs can be a friendly alternative regarding the control of Fusarium phytopathogens, but there are currently few studies on it. Thus, as part of our research on antifungal agents, a set of 21 synthetic indole-co

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Kutschy, Peter, Marian Sabol, Renata Marušková та ін. "A Linear Synthesis of 1-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)brassinin, -brassenin A, -brassenin B and 9-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, № 4 (2004): 850–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040850.

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The first synthesis of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassinin, 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassenin A, 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)brassenin B and 9-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin, nucleoside analogs derived from indole phytoalexins, was achieved by linear approach, using the 1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)indole-3-carbaldehyde as a starting compound. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds against murine leukaemia tumor cell line L1210 and selected bacteria and fungi was examined and compared with the corresponding phytoalexin aglycons.

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Fleiβner, André, Claudia Sopalla, and Klaus-Michael Weltring. "An ATP-binding Cassette Multidrug-Resistance Transporter Is Necessary for Tolerance of Gibberella pulicaris to Phytoalexins and Virulence on Potato Tubers." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 2 (2002): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.2.102.

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The necrotrophic pathogen Gibberella pulicaris infects potato tubers through wounds that contain fungitoxic secondary metabolites such as the phytoalexins rishitin and lubimin. In order to colonize tuber tissue, the fungus must possess a mechanism to tolerate potato defense compounds. In this paper, we show that a gene, Gpabc1, that codes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is required for tolerance to these phytoalexins and for virulence on potato. The Gpabc1 gene, isolated in the course of a differential cDNA screen, shares high sequence homology with the ABC1 gene of Magnaporthe grise

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Basha, S. M., R. J. Cole, and S. K. Pancholy. "A Phytoalexin and Aflatoxin Producing Peanut Seed Culture System." Peanut Science 21, no. 2 (1994): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-21-2-13.

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Abstract An in vitro seed culture system was established to grow peanut seed of different maturities viz. white, yellow, orange, brown and black, using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under this system peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability. In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins. Exposure of seed c

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Chizzali, Cornelia, and Ludger Beerhues. "Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (April 20, 2012): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68.

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Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of

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Yang, Qian, Hoat Xuan Trinh, Satoshi Imai, et al. "Analysis of the Involvement of Hydroxyanthranilate Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-Methyltransferase in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis in Oat." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 1 (2004): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.1.81.

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Two oat genes encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HHT) and S-adenosyl-l-methionine:trans-caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), both of which are possibly involved in the biosynthesis of oat avenanthramide phytoalexins, were cloned and their expression profiles in response to biological stress were studied. Four distinct cDNAs of oat HHT (AsHHT1-4) were isolated with the degenerative polymerase chain reaction method. The enzymatic activity of AsHHT1 expressed in E. coli was found using hydroxyanthranilate and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs as cosubstr

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MOHANLALL, VIRESH, and BHARTI ODHAV. "Biocontrol of Aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,G2, and Fumonisin B1 with 6,7-Dimethoxycoumarin, a Phytoalexin from Citrus sinensis." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 9 (2006): 2224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2224.

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Phytoalexins (stress-induced compounds) from Citrus sinensis cultivar Valencia were screened for antifungal and anti-mycotoxic activity against a test organism (Cladosporium cladosporoides) and mycotoxin-producing fungi Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus. The active compound, a member of the coumarin family of compounds, has antifungal and antimycotoxic activities and was chemically identified. High-performance liquid chromatography results indicated that Valencia oranges contain a trace amount (0.36 μg/g) of scoparone in untreated fruit, but concentrations increased in UV-ir

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Höhl, Birgit, Martin Arnemann, Ludger Schwenen, et al. "Degradation of the Pterocarpan Phytoalexin (—)-Maackiain by Ascochyta rabiei." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 9-10 (1989): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-9-1012.

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Ten strains of Ascochyta rabiei pathogenic to chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) were shown to be potent degraders of the chickpea pterocarpan phytoalexin ( - )-maackiain (1) ([6aR: 11 aR]-3- hydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan). In degradative studies with mycelial preparations and crude protein extracts seven catabolites could be isolated and structurally elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The main routes of maackiain degradation are reduction to a 2´-hydroxyisoflavan (2) and oxidation to an 1 a-hydroxy-pterocarp-1,4-diene-3-one (3) with subsequent reductions of the early catabolites in r

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Ebel, Jürgen, Markus Feger, Ulrich Kissel, et al. "Elicitor-binding proteins and signal transduction in the activation of a phytoalexin defense response." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-289.

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Inducible plant defenses against potential pathogens are thought to be activated by signal compounds released during early stages of the infection process. In the incompatible interaction between soybean (Glycine max L.) and the oomycete Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea (= Phytophthora sojae) a rapid, localized phytoalexin response is activated at the level of transcription. The phytoalexin response is also stimulated in various soybean tissues, including cultured cells, following treatment with an elicitor derived from the cell walls of the fungus. The best characterized elicitors of P.

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Bakar-Ates, Filiz. "The Indole Phytoalexin Derivatives Induced a Significant Inhibition on Src Kinase Activity of Human Cancer Cells." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022003.

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The Src, a protein kinase, is a family of protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and this protein catalyses the phosphorylation of tyrosine. The studies have revealed its key roles in regulating signal transduction from cell surface receptors. The Src kinases act as cytoplasmic signalling machinery through regulating various cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The pleiotropic functions of the Src family emphasise the importance of family members which have also been accepted as cellular oncogenes. Indole phytoalexins, which have been identified in vario

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Batista, Ulisses G., and Verna J. Higgins. "Accumulation of phytoalexins in the compatible interaction between Cladosporium fulvum and tomato in relation to colonization." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (1991): 822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-107.

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The production and distribution of the phytoalexin falcarindiol in tomato foliage infected with leaf mold was examined to determine how the fungus Cladosporium fulvum is able to colonize and sporulate in an apparently antifungal environment. In a compatible interaction (cv. Potentate – C. fulvum race 2.3), by 12 and 15 days after inoculation, solvent-extractable falcarindiol and two other phytoalexins from tomato, compound 2 (probably falcarinol) and compound 3 (unidentified), reached concentrations considerably in excess of ED50 values for inhibition of the fungus. In contrast, intercellular

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Verhagen, Bas, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Philippe Jeandet, Fabienne Baillieul, and Aziz Aziz. "Improved Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea by Grapevine-Associated Bacteria that Induce a Prime Oxidative Burst and Phytoalexin Production." Phytopathology® 101, no. 7 (2011): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-10-0242.

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Bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans (Pa-AF2), Bacillus subtilis (Bs-271), Acinetobacter lwoffii (Al-113), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-CT2), originating from the vineyard, can induce defense responses and enhance resistance of grapevine against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The perception of these bacteria by plant cells or tissues in relation to their activities remains unknown. In this study, we examined the relationships between the activity of each bacterium to induce or prime some defense responses, and its effectiveness to induce resistance in grapevine against B. cinerea. We

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Jeandet, Philippe, Anne-Céline Douillet-Breuil, Roger Bessis, Sylvain Debord, Mohamed Sbaghi, and Marielle Adrian. "Phytoalexins from the Vitaceae: Biosynthesis, Phytoalexin Gene Expression in Transgenic Plants, Antifungal Activity, and Metabolism." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, no. 10 (2002): 2731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011429s.

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Ilarslan, H., and B. F. S. Dolar. "Histological And Ultrastructural Changes In Leaves Of Resistant And Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars To Ascochyta Rabiei (Pass.) Labr." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 1250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019577.

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The Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei ( Pass.) Labr. is a serious foliar fungal disease of chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.). The histo- and cytopathological examination of hostpathogen interactions was conducted in resistant ( ELC-195) and susceptible (Canitez-87) cultivars of chickpea at 3, 5, 7 days after inoculation with A. rabiei. Several histological studies have been made with A. Rabiei. No ultrastructural studies comparing the resistant and susceptible reactions of chickpea to A. rabiei have been reported.The hypersensitive response (HR) is a very common reaction in resistant ch

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Pedras, M. Soledade, and Francis I. Okanga. "Metabolism of analogs of the phytoalexin brassinin by plant pathogenic fungi." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 3 (2000): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-024.

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he metabolism of analogs of the cruciferous phytoalexin brassinin by the phytopathogenic fungi Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) "virulent" and "avirulent" groups (sexual stage Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.) and Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. is reported. It was established that each pathogen detoxified methyl tryptamine dithiocarbamate, although yielding different metabolic products. While the biotransformation by virulent P. lingam proceeded to yield methyl 3a-hydroxy-3,3a,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-1(2H)-yl carbodithioate and indole-3-acetic acid as final products, avi

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Kašparovský, T., M. L. Milat, J. P. Blein, L. Havel, and V. Mikeš. "Ergosterol induces mobilization of internal calcium in tobacco cells." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10542-pps.

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As for natural sterols, only ergosterol is recognized very specifically and sensitively (nM) by plants cells. Ergosterol interacts with tobacco suspension cells and trigger pH changes of extracellular medium, oxidative burst and synthesis of phytoalexins. Compared with the responses induced by cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor from Phytophthora sp., oxidative burst, DpH and phytoalexin accumulation were weaker with ergosterol. Cryptogein stimulated an apparent continuous uptake of external calcium within 40 min, whereas no net uptake of external calcium occurred upon the addition of ergoste

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Meier, F. G., and W. R. Remphrey. "Accumulation of mansonones in callus cultures of Ulmus americana L. in the absence of a fungal-derived elicitor." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (1997): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-056.

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The Dutch elm disease pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf. and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier elicit the production of phytoalexins called mansonones in the American elm (Ulmus americana L.). As part of a larger investigation, it was revealed that mansonone elicitation in callus culture does not require the Dutch elm disease pathogens, as has been reported in other studies. The objective of this study was to determine the nature and timing of the nonfungal elicited mansonone accumulation in U. americana callus. Initially, 7-week-old calli were subjected to inoculations with various fungal g

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Bell, J. N., T. B. Ryder, V. P. Wingate, J. A. Bailey, and C. J. Lamb. "Differential accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts in a compatible and an incompatible plant-pathogen interaction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1615.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase catalyze the first reaction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the first reaction of a branch pathway specific for flavonoid-isoflavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. These enzymes are key control elements in the synthesis of kievitone, phaseollin, and related isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. RNA blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA sequences was used to demonstrate marked accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs in excision-wounded hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dwarf French bean) and during race-cult

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Bell, J. N., T. B. Ryder, V. P. Wingate, J. A. Bailey, and C. J. Lamb. "Differential accumulation of plant defense gene transcripts in a compatible and an incompatible plant-pathogen interaction." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (1986): 1615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1615-1623.1986.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase catalyze the first reaction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the first reaction of a branch pathway specific for flavonoid-isoflavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. These enzymes are key control elements in the synthesis of kievitone, phaseollin, and related isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. RNA blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA sequences was used to demonstrate marked accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs in excision-wounded hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dwarf French bean) and during race-cult

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Brooks, C. J. W., and D. G. Watson. "Phytoalexins." Natural Product Reports 2, no. 5 (1985): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/np9850200427.

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Kuć, Joseph, and Jeffrey S. Rush. "Phytoalexins." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 236, no. 2 (1985): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(85)90648-4.

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Yamamura, Chihiro, Emi Mizutani, Kazunori Okada, et al. "Diterpenoid phytoalexin factor, a bHLH transcription factor, plays a central role in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice." Plant Journal 84, no. 6 (2015): 1100–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13065.

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Shkryl, Yury, Yulia Yugay, Tatiana Avramenko, et al. "CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of HOS1 Reveals Its Role in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plants 10, no. 1 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010104.

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In Arabidopsis, the RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) functions as a main regulator of the cold signaling. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of the HOS1 gene in the first exon was performed. DNA sequencing showed that frameshift indels introduced by genome editing of HOS1 resulted in the appearance of premature stop codons, disrupting the open reading frame. Obtained hos1Cas9 mutant plants were compared with the SALK T-DNA insertion mutant, line hos1-3, in terms of their tolerance to abiotic stresses, accu

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Matsukawa, Mizuki, Yusuke Shibata, Mina Ohtsu, et al. "Nicotiana benthamiana Calreticulin 3a Is Required for the Ethylene-Mediated Production of Phytoalexins and Disease Resistance Against Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora infestans." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 8 (2013): 880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-12-0301-r.

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Mature Nicotiana benthamiana shows strong resistance to the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. By screening using virus-induced random gene silencing, we isolated a gene for plant-specific calreticulin NbCRT3a as a required gene for resistance of N. benthamiana against P. infestans. NbCRT3a encodes an endoplasmic reticulum quality-control (ERQC) chaperone for the maturation of glycoproteins, including glycosylated cell-surface receptors. NbCRT3a-silenced plants showed no detectable growth defects but resistance to P. infestans was significantly compromised. Defense responses i

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Lo, Sze-Chung Clive, John D. Hipskind, and Ralph L. Nicholson. "cDNA Cloning of a Sorghum Pathogenesis-Related Protein (PR-10) and Differential Expression of Defense-Related Genes Following Inoculation with Cochliobolus heterostrophus or Colletotrichum sublineolum." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no. 6 (1999): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.6.479.

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A sorghum cDNA clone was isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from mesocotyls (cultivar DK18) inoculated with fungal pathogens. The deduced translation product shows sequence similarity to a family of intracellular pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-10) with a potential ribonuclease function. We studied the accumulation of PR-10 and chalcone synthase (CHS) transcripts in mesocotyls following inoculation with Cochliobolus heterostrophus or Colletotrichum sublineolum. CHS is involved in phytoalexin synthesis in sorghum. Coordinate expression of PR-10 and CHS genes was loc

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Gruau, Charlotte, Patricia Trotel-Aziz, Sandra Villaume, et al. "Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2 Triggers Local and Systemic Immune Response Against Botrytis cinerea in Grapevine." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 10 (2015): 1117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-15-0092-r.

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Although induced systemic resistance (ISR) is well-documented in the context of plant–beneficial bacteria interactions, knowledge about the local and systemic molecular and biochemical defense responses before or upon pathogen infection in grapevine is very scarce. In this study, we first investigated the capacity of grapevine plants to express immune responses at both above- and below-ground levels upon interaction with a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2. We then explored whether the extent of priming state could contribute to the PTA-CT2-induced ISR in Botrytis cinerea–i

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