Journal articles: 'Phytochemical composition'

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Wakhisi, Charles Wanjala, Gicheru Muita Michael, and Eric Mwangi. "Mineral and Phytochemical Composition of Cleome Gynandra Methanolic Extract." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 8, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.8.1.18-26.

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The study was done to evaluate the mineral and phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of Cleome gynandra (spider plant). The plant is used as a traditional vegetable in some communities in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The plant has also been reported to have some medicinal effect due to presence of phytochemicals but its pharmacological and phytochemical profile has not been fully established. Collection and authentication of the plant was done followed by extraction using methanol as a solvent. The phytochemical investigation was done using both chemical analysis and chromatography method by use of a Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) system as per standard protocol. Cleome gynandra was found to contain some mineral compounds of nutritional importance and phytochemicals with potential medicinal importance. The phytochemicals analyzed include saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpanoids and polyphenols. These different phytochemicals can be further studied and their potential medicinal importance analyzed. The study concluded that Cleome gynandra contains phytochemicals with potentially important medicinal value. The plant (Cleome gynandra) can also be used as an important nutritional source of some essential nutrients like Vitamin C and beta carotene. It can also be a good source of some mineral elements like iron, selenium, cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese. This can be important for families in rural areas and for the low-income households in both rural and urban areas as a source of nutrients.

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Dey, Priyankar, Somit Dutta, Anurag Chowdhury, Abhaya Prasad Das, and Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri. "Variation in Phytochemical Composition Reveals Distinct Divergence of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. From Other Aloe Species: Rationale Behind Selective Preference of Aloe vera in Nutritional and Therapeutic Use." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217698292.

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In the present study, we have phytochemically characterized 5 different abundant Aloe species, including Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., using silylation followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique and compared the data using multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated clear distinction of the overall phytochemical profile of A vera, highlighted by its divergent spatial arrangement in the component plot. Lowest correlation of the phytochemical profiles were found between A vera and A aristata Haw. (−0.626), whereas highest correlation resided between A aristata and A aspera Haw. (0.899). Among the individual phytochemicals, palmitic acid was identified in highest abundance cumulatively, and carboxylic acids were the most predominant phytochemical species in all the Aloe species. Compared to A vera, linear correlation analysis revealed highest and lowest correlation with A aspera ( R2 = 0.9162) and A aristata ( R2 = 0.6745), respectively. Therefore, A vera demonstrated distinct spatial allocation, reflecting its greater phytochemical variability.

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Borges, Josileide Gonçalves, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida, João Victor Pinheiro, Juliana Anielle Ribeiro de Sá, Kaline Stela Pires Bezerra, and Ingrid Lessa Leal. "Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Fruit Bioproducts." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i3.15116.

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Interest in fiber-rich foods, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential has been steadily increasing as people want to get health benefits other than basic nutrition. This study aimed to draw a profile of chemical composition, phytochemical profile of fruit pomaces grown in semi arid region of Brazil. Grapes, passion fruit, orange and pomegranate were analyzed for crude protein, lipid, moisture, mineral residue, non-fibrous carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber levels. Quantities of total tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins were also quantified. All ointments have a varied nutritional profile with non-fibrous carbohydrates (67.36 -28.63%), Neutral Detergent Fiber (48.18 -18.93%), Acid Detergent Fiber (32.28 -11.64%). All phytochemicals were detected in all bagasse cultures. Flavonoid values varied among pomaces. Punica granatum (seed) presented highest flavonoid contents (2123.56 μg / 100 mL), Passiflora edulis presented lowest values (70.09 μg /100 mL). Vitis labrusca had highest anthocyanin values (101.24 μg / 100 mL), Citrus sinensis had lowest values (1.25 μg / 100 mL). Punica granatum seed presented highest total tannin content (43.73 μg / 100 mL) and Passiflora edulis, smallest (1.55 μg / 100 mL), respectively. Presence of high content of insoluble fibers, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential in ointments shows their potential use in treatment of non-contagious diseases.

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Butkutė, Bronislava, Audrius Padarauskas, Jurgita Cesevičienė, Lukas Taujenis, and Eglė Norkevičienė. "Phytochemical composition of temperate perennial legumes." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 10 (2018): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18206.

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A deeper understanding of the phytochemical composition of perennial legumes is important for animal nutrition as well as for the development of pharmaceuticals. The present study is an assessment of perennial legumes including clovers (Trifolium pratense L. and T. medium L.), medics (Medicago sativa L. and M. lupulina L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and milkvetches (Astragalus glycyphyllos L. and A. cicer L.) as potential sources of bioactive compounds. Whole aerial parts of plants at stem elongation and full-flowering stages as well as morphological parts of fully flowering plants (leaves, stems and flowers) were analysed for four isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, and genistein), coumestrol, condensed tannins and triterpene saponins. According to total concentration of the four isoflavones in plants, the species were ranked as follows: T. medium (23.2–28.7 mg g–1 DM) > T. pratense > A. glycyphyllos = A. cicer = O. viciifolia = M. sativa = M. lupulina (0.054–0.212 mg g–1 DM). Young plants were 1.2–5.6-fold richer in isoflavones than fully flowering plants. Quantifiable concentrations of coumestrol and saponins were found in the Medicago species and tannins in O. viciifolia. In general, leaves contained the highest concentrations of the phytochemicals. These findings suggest considerable potential to improve legume-based forage quality through appropriate exploitation of species- or cultivar-specific phytochemicals and manipulation of the content of phytochemicals by management of production including growth stage at harvest and selection of plant species.

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Dass, Peter Michael, Joseph Jauro Deshi, Fartisincha Peingurta Andrew, and Buba Mamman Wufem. "Phytochemical screening, quantification and correlation matrix of Nigerian medicinal plant: Waltheria americana." AROC in Natural Products Research 1, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocnpr01020916.

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Background: Plant’s kingdom provides new and important leads against various pharmacological targets due to the current wide spread of belief that green medicine is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs. The medicinal property of plants step from their ability to synthesize aromatic substances and secondary metabolites that are potent bioactive compounds found in medicinal plant parts that are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. In the present study, the leaf, stem, and root extracts of Waltheria americana were evaluated for phytochemical compositions and their correlation matrix. Methods: Quantitative and quantitative standard methods of analysis were used to evaluate the presence, amount, and the correlationships of the different phytochemicals in the leaf, root and stem of W. americana plant. Results: The quantitative phytochemicals percentage composition of W. americana varied with large ranges for alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, but short ranges occurred of terpenes and cardiac glycosides. Alkaloids had the highest percentage composition and cardiac glycosides showed the lowest for all the plant parts. The stem seems to be the major area of phytochemical production than other parts of the plant, indicating that the stem of W. americana could serve as a major source of phytochemicals in any herbal concoction. “The correlation” of phytochemical constituents, alkaloids and tannins in the leaf were positively and significantly correlated with cardiac glycosides in the stem at 95% confidence respectiely. However, no correlation was observed of any phytochemicals in the other plant. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the production, quantification, and distribution of these phytochemicals were complimentary in nature in Waltheria americana plant, and the shoot may have played a major role in this regard

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Ifeanacho, Mercy O., Shedrack Chinedu Ogunwa, and Peter U. Amadi. "Phytochemical Composition of Vitex doniana." Analytical Chemistry Letters 9, no. 6 (November 2, 2019): 863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2020.1722221.

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Bolling, Bradley W., C. Y. Oliver Chen, Diane L. McKay, and Jeffrey B. Blumberg. "Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts." Nutrition Research Reviews 24, no. 2 (December 2011): 244–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095442241100014x.

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Tree nuts contain an array of phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAC) and stilbenes, all of which are included in nutrient databases, as well as phytates, sphingolipids, alkylphenols and lignans, which are not. The phytochemical content of tree nuts can vary considerably by nut type, genotype, pre- and post-harvest conditions, as well as storage conditions. Genotype affects phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols, but data are lacking for many other phytochemical classes. During the roasting process, tree nut isoflavones, flavanols and flavonols were found to be more resistant to heat than the anthocyanins, PAC and trans-resveratrol. The choice of solvents used for extracting polyphenols and phytosterols significantly affects their quantification, and studies validating these methods for tree nut phytochemicals are lacking. The phytochemicals found in tree nuts have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antiviral, chemopreventive and hypocholesterolaemic actions, all of which are known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. While tree nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans, the number of intervention trials conducted to date is limited. The objectives of the present review are to summarise tree nut: (1) phytochemicals; (2) phytochemical content included in nutrient databases and current publications; (3) phytochemicals affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions and analytical methodology; and (4) bioactivity and health benefits in humans.

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Edem, B. E., M. E. Khan, and N. U. Ibok. "QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BOMBAX BUONOPOZENSE (RED SILK COTTON TREE) STEM-BACK." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 3, no. 3 (December 19, 2016): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v3i3.3970.

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Qualitative & quantitative phytochemical screening and proximate composition of Bombax buonopozense stem was investigated. Nine phytochemicals viz: - alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, protein, terpenoids, and oxalates were observed. Steroids and glycosides were below detectable limits. Quantitative phytochemical analysis indicated that alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, tannins and saponins had values of 0.68 g, 0.09 g, 2.35 g, 1.41 g and 1.15 g respectively. The proximate analysis gave high percentage moisture content (55.30%). Carbohydrate and protein were of low values (1.04 % and 6.0% respectively). Ash content was found to be 15.30%, fiber (16.80%)All analyses wereper100g of crude sample.

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Khan, Waliullah, Sidra Subhan, Dilawar Farhan Shams, Sahib Gul Afridi, Riaz Ullah, Abdelaaty A. Shahat, and Ali S. Alqahtani. "Antioxidant Potential, Phytochemicals Composition, and Metal Contents of Datura alba." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2403718.

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This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity in leaves, roots, stem, flower, and seed parts of Datura alba (D. alba). The study also assessed the heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Zn, and Cu) accumulation in each part of the plant. Among the phytochemicals, alkaloids were found only in leaves while tannins, flavonoids, and phenols were present in all parts of the plant. For antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging assay for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was performed using ascorbic acid as the standard. Higher activity was shown by stem extract in methanol and leaf extract in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. Furthermore, all the target heavy metals were detected in all plant sections with the highest concentration of Zn in leaves and Cu in stem, root, flower, and seed. Due to stronger antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition, D. alba could prove as valuable prospect in pharmaceutical formulations by taking part in the antioxidant defense system against generation of free radicals.

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Ivanova, Kristina, Ivan Bakalov, Vesela Shopska, Peter Nedyalkov, and Georgi Kostov. "Phytochemical Composition of Brewers’ Spent Grains." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2020-0012.

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AbstractBrewers’ spent grains (BSG) are the main waste product of the brewing industry, accounting for about 85% of the total waste materials. Their composition is different (due to various brewing technologies) but includes high levels of dietary fiber, proteins, essential amino acids, polyphenols, antioxidants, vitamins and fats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (the radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of 19 different malt types and their BSG. The highest phenolic content was demonstrated by the BSG of Caraaroma malt, whereas the BSG of Carafa Special type 1 had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Based on the results obtained, malts with the highest biological value were selected for inclusion in the composition of functional foods.

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Vani, Mamillapalli, Abdul Rahaman S.K., and Prameela Rani A. "Phytochemical Composition of Euphorbia Heterophylla L." International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences 10, no. 02 (May 30, 2017): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26627/ijals/2017/10.02.0014.

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Kazemi, Mohsen. "Phytochemical Composition ofThymus vulgarisL. Essential Oil." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 18, no. 3 (May 4, 2015): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2014.985733.

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Abdullah, Fuad O., Faiq H. S. Hussain, Lucia Cucca, and Giovanni Vidari. "Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Effects of Different Solvent Extracts of Pterocephalus Nestorianus Nab. Growing in Kurdistan Region-Iraq." Science Journal of University of Zakho 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/2018.6.1.439.

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The medicinal plants have been used as a herbal tradition in Kurdistan. Most of the medicinal plants are still not investigated from a phytochemical and biological activity. Therefore, different solvent extraction carried out to study phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Pterocephalus nestorianus Nab. Through this research, it is reported for the first time that the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity on P. nestorianus Nab. collected at Safeen Mountain in Erbil-Iraq, which was known as a Lawa in Kurdistan. It is used against inflammation and oral diseases. The phytochemical study of four extracts (Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol 70%) of P. nestorianus flowers, leaves and roots revealed that it contains rich phytochemical composition. C4H8O2 and CH3OH extracts of P. nestorianus showed a high radical scavenging activity compared with trihydroxy benzoic acid as a standard. The flavonoid and phenolic presence showed strong correlation with the antioxidant activity.

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Vinković, Tomislav, Valentina Gluščić, Gordana Mendaš, Ivana Vinković Vrček, Nada Parađiković, Monika Tkalec, and Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac. "Phytochemical composition of ground paprika from the eastern Danube region." Poljoprivreda 24, no. 2 (December 23, 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.24.2.1.

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Igwe V. Chinwe. "Phytochemical analysis, mineral composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum macrocarpon leaves." International Journal of Health 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v4i1.6153.

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Background: The aim of this study is to determine phytochemicals and mineral composition as well as in vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum macrocarpon leaves.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures while Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Solanum macrocarpon leaves were also subjected for measurement of reducing power and antioxidant/radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity).Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids etc. Mineral analysis showed calcium (256.60mg/100g) to be higher in concentration and copper (0.62mg/100g) least in concentration while manganese was absent. Other minerals includes magnesium (81.69mg/100g), potassium (87.22mg/100g), sodium (32.51mg/100g), iron (31.41mg/100g), zinc (1.41mg/100g). Solanum macrocarpon leaves showed maximum antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power capacity) as the higher the concentration, the higher the antioxidant activity, thus the better the free radical scavenging potentials.Conclusion: The data from this study revealed that Solanum macrocarpon has a rich content of phytochemicals, namely, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids as well as minerals, bioactive components that are associated with health impacts. This study also revealed that Solanum macrocarpon leaves exhibit antioxidant activity. These findings thus suggest that Solanum macrocarpon leaves could act as potent source of antioxidants.

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Dusuki, N. J. S., M. F. Abu Bakar, F. I. Abu Bakar, N. A. Ismail, and M. I. Azman. "Proximate composition and antioxidant potential of selected tubers peel." Food Research 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(1).178.

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This study is aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of red and purple variety of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) peels and Manihot esculenta (cassava) periderm and cortex layers. The proximate composition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture, ash and minerals) was determined using standard methods while phytochemical contents (phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and carotenoid) and antioxidant activity [2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] were determined spectrophotometrically. Proximate analysis showed that both I. batatas and M. esculenta contained high carbohydrate content ranged from 75.07% to 87.04% but zero protein and low-fat contents (0.83-2.2%). For the mineral contents, I. batatas contained higher potassium, sodium, iron and magnesium than M. esculenta. However, calcium was found higher in M. esculenta as compared to I. batatas. For the phytochemical study, total anthocyanin content showed the lowest value (0.43-3.08 µg c-3 -gE/g) for both tubers as compared to total phenolic (37.28-71.79 µg GAE/g), flavonoid (4.98-16.50 µg RE/g) and carotenoid (14.54-46.66 µg BC/g) contents. For the antioxidant study, both purple and red variety of I. batatas showed higher percentages of inhibition using DPPH assay with 87.93% and 87.62%, respectively compared to M. esculenta. Meanwhile, FRAP assay displayed lower values than ABTS assay for both tubers. In conclusion, both tubers, I. batatas and M. esculenta have close values of nutritional compositions. However, I. batatas showed higher mineral contents (potassium, iron, magnesium and sodium) and antioxidant activity than M. esculenta. For the phytochemical content, I. batatas contained higher total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents while M. esculenta contained higher total phenolic and carotenoid contents. Hence, this study suggested that tuber’s by-products have great potential for use in functional food as they are cheap and readily available as well as reducing waste disposal.

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Ifemeje, Jonathan C., Maryjane O. Ifemeje, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, and Michael C. Olisah. "Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Mineral Compositions of Four Different Brands of Tea." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.8.1.1-7.

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The comparative studies of the proximate, phytochemical and antioxidant mineral compositions of four different brands of green tea were investigated. The four different brands, Tianshi®, Qualitea®, Slimfit®, and Xiang® were purchased from a supermarket in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The samples were pulverized and stored in an airtight container prior to analysis. The proximate composition was analysed using AOAC method while phytochemical compositions of the green teas were investigated using standard methods. The result of the study indicated that the moisture content (15.80±0.01%) and protein content (1.05±0.00%) of Qualitea® was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to Slimfit and Xiang tea while the fibre content of Xiang tea (80.35±0.03%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other tea studied. The phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and cardiac glycosides in all the teas studied. However, Qualitea® contains the highest amount of phytochemicals when compared to the other brands of tea investigated. Data obtained from the antioxidant mineral study showed that the four brands of the tea are good sources of antioxidant minerals such as Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se. It is therefore recommended that tea be included in our menu because of their nutritive and health benefits.

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Kumar, Manoj, Maharishi Tomar, Ryszard Amarowicz, Vivek Saurabh, M. Sneha Nair, Chirag Maheshwari, Minnu Sasi, et al. "Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040752.

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Psidium guajava (L.) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and it is an important fruit in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. The leaves of the guava plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to their plethora of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid. Extracts from guava leaves (GLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotection activities. In the present review, we comprehensively present the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of GLs. Further, various bioactivities of the GL extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of GLs, they can potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. More detailed clinical trials need to be conducted to establish the efficacy of the GL extracts.

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Abu-Lafi, Saleh, Mahmoud Rayan, Mahmud Masalha, Basheer Abu-Farich, Hashem Al-Jaas, Malek Abu-Lafi, and Anwar Rayan. "Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Wild Scolymus maculatus L." Medicines 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6020053.

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Background: The wild population of spotted golden thistle, Scolymus maculatus, which belongs to the Compositae family, is believed to be one of the multi-curative wild plants mentioned in Flora Palaestina. This study aims to disclose the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of wild S. maculatus collected from the farms of Kabul, a village in northwest Galilee, for the first time. Methods: The phytochemical components of crude S. maculatus extracts from methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were separated and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) mode. The free radical scavenging of the plant extracts was measured by DPPH assay. The microdilution test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different S. maculatus extracts and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Results: Thirty-two phytochemicals were found in S. maculatus extracts including stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, lupeol, lupeol acetate, and β-amyrin. Phytochemicals, such as 2-linoleoylglycerol, γ-sitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol, (3α)-12-oleanen-3-yl acetate, and lupenyl acetate, were found to dominate the methanol extract. Most of these compounds were also observed in ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, but at different levels, in addition to some other minor compounds. The various extracts were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic and the methanolic extracts were shown to exhibit the highest free radical scavenging by DPPH assay with a half-maximally effective concentration (EC50) of 0.37 and 0.65 mg/mL respectively, while the other three extracts (aqueous, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) were less active and their EC50 (effective concentration at which DPPH radical was scavenged by 50%) were above 1.0 mg/mL. Moreover, MICs were determined to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans microorganisms. Ethyl acetate and the ethanolic extracts are active against the three types of microorganisms at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg/mL, while aqueous and the n-hexane extracts are inactive against Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusions: The results show that S. maculatus extracts are a rich source of compounds that can play an important role in human health, and in a broader context, in the treatment of various diseases, such antimicrobial and antioxidant-related ailments.

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Defossez, Emmanuel, Camille Pitteloud, Patrice Descombes, Gaétan Glauser, Pierre-Marie Allard, Tom W. N. Walker, Pilar Fernandez-Conradi, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Loïc Pellissier, and Sergio Rasmann. "Spatial and evolutionary predictability of phytochemical diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): e2013344118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013344118.

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To cope with environmental challenges, plants produce a wide diversity of phytochemicals, which are also the source of numerous medicines. Despite decades of research in chemical ecology, we still lack an understanding of the organization of plant chemical diversity across species and ecosystems. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that molecular diversity is not only related to species diversity, but also constrained by trophic, climatic, and topographical factors. We screened the metabolome of 416 vascular plant species encompassing the entire alpine elevation range and four alpine bioclimatic regions in order to characterize their phytochemical diversity. We show that by coupling phylogenetic information, topographic, edaphic, and climatic variables, we predict phytochemical diversity, and its inherent composition, of plant communities throughout landscape. Spatial mapping of phytochemical diversity further revealed that plant assemblages found in low to midelevation habitats, with more alkaline soils, possessed greater phytochemical diversity, whereas alpine habitats possessed higher phytochemical endemism. Altogether, we present a general tool that can be used for predicting hotspots of phytochemical diversity in the landscape, independently of plant species taxonomic identity. Such an approach offers promising perspectives in both drug discovery programs and conservation efforts worldwide.

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Omolola, Titilayo Oyebola. "Phytochemical, Proximate and Elemental Composition of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaves." International Annals of Science 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.8.1.54-61.

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In recent times, medicinal plants are being greatly used ethnomedicinally for the management and treatment of diseases and health conditions. One of such medicinal plants is Tithonia diversifolia. This study aimed at determining the phytochemical, elemental and proximate content of the powdered plant part to help infer what is responsible for the reported therapeutic characteristics of the plant as well as determine the quality, purity and safety profile of the plant. Leaves of T.diversifolia were subjected to phytochemical, proximate and mineral screening using standard laboratory procedures. Qualitative phytochemical observation revealed the presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. Crude Protein content was the highest with 27.69% followed by Crude Fibre (14.89%), Ash (13.86%), Moisture Content (10.92%) and the least value 1.14% for Fat. Magnesium (Mg) content was highest with 6712.50mg/kg which is 22, 35, 122 & 144 times higher than the content of Iron (Fe) (291.5mg/kg), Manganese (Mn) (191.0mg/kg), Zinc (Zn) (54.9mg/kg) and Copper (Cu) (15.1mg/kg). However, elements (heavy metals) Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Cobalt (Co) were not detected. Results obtained in the study is indicative of a potential drug substitute which can be used to help manage and treat diseases due to the phytochemicals, nutrients, and minerals present in them. Also, the safety indices of this plant part have been established, thus, information obtained from the study can serve as a reference standard for the plant monograph.

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Ohm, Jae-Bom, Chiwon W. Lee, and Kyongshin Cho. "Germinated Wheat: Phytochemical Composition and Mixing Characteristics." Cereal Chemistry Journal 93, no. 6 (November 2016): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem-01-16-0006-r.

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Thilagavathi, S., and Dorothy Jaganathan. "Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Homemade Chocolates." FoodSci: Indian Journal of Research in Food Science and Nutrition 5, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15613/fijrfn/2018/v5i1/178481.

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Kumar, Manoj, Vivek Saurabh, Maharishi Tomar, Muzaffar Hasan, Sushil Changan, Minnu Sasi, Chirag Maheshwari, et al. "Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020299.

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Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.

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SURI, SHEENAM, VIKAS KUMAR, BEENU TANWAR, ANKIT GOYAL, and YOGESH GAT. "Impact of Soaking and Germination Time on Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Nigella Sativa." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.14.

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Indian traditional dishes make use of Nigella sativa seeds because of its distinctive aroma and taste but its application is restricted due to its pungent flavour which can be overcome by various methods of processing such as roasting, soaking, germination etc. Soaking and germination has a positive impact on the nutritional, sensorial and phytochemical attributes of Nigella sativa. The current study was carried out to standardize the optimum soaking and germination conditions with improved nutritional, sensorial and phytochemical attributes of seeds. Nigella sativa seeds were soaked for different time duration (0 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 18 hr) followed bygermination for0, 7, 9 and 11 days. The soaked and germinated samples were exposed to a temperature of 50ºC for drying till the constant moisture was obtained and analysed for various physiochemical, nutritional and sensory attributes. All the attributes under study were significantly affected by soaking and germination as compared to the control. Comparatively, except the moisture content all the phytochemicals and nutritional attributes decreased significantly from the control sample. Based on the qualitative attributes, soaking done for 18 hours along with 9th day of germination was observed to be the best and can be considered as the optimum condition to maintain the phytochemical to the safe level as well as reducing the antinutritional factors which can further be used for value addition.

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ADEOGUN, Oluwagbenga Oluwasola, Adedotun Adeyinka ADEKUNLE, Erute Magdalene ADONGBEDE, and Tom Anofi ASHAFA. "Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Antifungal Activities of Megaphrynium macrostachyum (K. Schum) Leaf Extract against Foodborne Fungi." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9310121.

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This study aimed to examine the preservative potential of Megaphrynium macrostachyum on fungi responsible for the deterioration of orange juice and corn Jell-O. The phytochemicals from plants’ leaves were extracted with four solvents: acetone, aqueous, ethanol and hexane. The solvents were differently and tested against fungi isolated from orange juice and corn Jell-O using disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of the extracts from the leaves was carried out, and the most active extract was tested via GC-MS for the essential oils and HPLC fingerprinting. The toxicity test of the extracts against brine shrimp was carried out after exposure for 24 hours. The toxicity test showed that the extracts were non-toxic on the Brine Shrimps at LC50 (379.21μg/ml and 107.21μg/ml for aqueous and ethanol extracts). The qualitative phytochemical test reported the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids in different extracts of the plant’ leaves. The quantitative phytochemical determination of the most active extract revealed alkaloids with the highest contents of 107.48mg/100g. The GC-MS analyses of the fresh leaves of the plants revealed the presence of isodecane with the highest percentage at 15.56%. The GC-MS analyses of the dried leaves revealed isodecane with the highest percentage at 10.43%. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents in the dried leaves. This study has been able to establish the potency of Megaphrynium macrostachyum leaves on fungi associated with the spoilage of Citrus sinensis (orange) juice and Corn Jell-O (‘Eko’) which contribute to tremendous research towards the use and acknowledgment of natural antimicrobials for the preservation of food.

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Konyeme, T. E., B. L. Nyananyo, and F. B. G. Tanee. "Phytochemical composition of tubers of selected accessions of African yam bean, Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst.ex A. Richmond) harms (family fabaceae)." Scientia Africana 20, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i1.1.

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This study is on the quantitative determination of phytochemical composition in tubers of 17 accessions of the African Yam Bean (AYB), Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst.ex A. Richmond) Harms. Standard laboratory methods were followed to ascertain the presence and quantity of some phytochemicals in the tubers of the 17 AYB accessions. The result showed that variations existed among the studied accessions for the eleven phytochemical constituents. The ranges were: total alkaloid (22.195-183g\100g), Glycosides (4.338- 14.733g\100), Flavonoids (7.732- 14.037g/100), Phenols (16.448-32.287g/100), Oxalate (2.519-8.938ppm), Tannin (1.22- 4.340ppm), Saponin (1.475-5.232ppm), Hydrogen Cyanide (0.261-0.928ppm), Phytate (1.532- 5.435ppm), Trypsin Inhibitor (1.088-3.858ppm), and Organic Acid (11.537-23.904ppm). A high significant correlation was observed among the first three principal component axes whichaccounted for 90.4% of the total variation among the accessions. The cluster analysis showed the existence of two significant divergent groups. The accessions in cluster II recorded the least values for oxalate, tannins, saponins, hydrogen cyanide, phytate, trypsin inhibitor, glycoside, flavonoid and phenols while cluster I had higher values for them. The identified phytochemicals with the significant intra-specific variations seem to provide clues which underscores the possibilities of selection and improvement of these tubers for food and medicine for humans. Keywords: African Yam Bean, tubers, underexploited organ, nutritional, anti-nutritional factor, diversity, phytochemicals.

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Ekpemupolo I. Samuel. "Phytochemical analysis, mineral composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Celosia argentea leaves." International Journal of Scientific World 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i1.6064.

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Background: Celosia argentea, a traditional vegetable in West and Central Africa is widely grown for ornamental purpose in the tropics and subtropics such as in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine phytochemicals, mineral composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Celosia argentea leaves.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures, Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) while antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging and reducing power scavenging activity were also carried out.Results: The phytochemical composition revealed the presence of active ingredients such as glycosides, steroids, Saponins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and alkaloids while mineral analysis showed higher concentration in calcium (295mg/100g) and least concentration in chromium (0.85mg/100g). Other minerals and their concentrations includes magnesium (122.53mg/100g), potassium (128.33mg/100g), sodium (71.32mg/100g), iron (35.16mg/100g), zinc (5.42mg/100g), copper (2.18mg/100g), manganese (1.86mg/100g). Moreover, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity and reducing power activity of Celosia argentea increased as the concentration increases.Conclusion: The present study reveals therapeutic potential of Celosia argentea leaves due to its bioactive compounds and minerals. Also, Celosia argentea possess powerful antioxidant activity and can therefore offer good protection against oxidative damage.

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Igwe V. Chinwe. "Phytochemical screening, mineral composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves." International Journal of Scientific World 4, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i1.6066.

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Background: Pterocarpus mildbraedii is used in some Nigerian tribes in the treatment of headaches, pains, fever, convulsions, and respiratory disorders. This study was carried out to ascertain the phytochemicals, minerals and in vitro antioxidant activities of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures while Mineral analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Also, antioxidant activities of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves were evaluated using reducing power ability and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays.Results: Result on phytochemicals reveals the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins. Mineral analysis showed calcium (1283mg/kg) to be higher in concentration and manganese (4mg/kg) least in concentration (4mg/kg). Other analysed minerals include sodium (603mg/kg), potassium (1048mg/kg), magnesium (778mg/kg), zinc (25mg/kg), iron (146mg/kg), phosphates (1002mg/kg), etc. In vitro antioxidant activity results show that Pterocarpus mildbraedii possess potent but dose-dependent reducing power ability and free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals.Conclusion: The presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins in Pterocarpus mildbraedii provides some biochemical basis for the ethno pharmacological uses of the plant. Also the information provided in this research study may help to spread the ethno botanical uses of Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves to other parts of the World. The findings clearly demonstrate that Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves have promising antioxidant property and needs further evaluation to exploit its therapeutic potential.

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Mgbemena, Nkoli Marynnn, Ifenna Ilechukwu, Felicia Uchechukwu Okwunodolu, Joe-Vera Ogugua Chukwurah, and Isioma Blessing Lucky. "Chemical composition, proximate and phytochemical analysis of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu peels, seed coat, leaves and seeds." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2019-0012.

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AbstractThe study focused on the proximate, minerals and phytochemical analysis of the leaves, seeds, seed coats and peels of Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu from Uli in Anambra State Nigeria. The minerals concentrations (Ca, Zn, Fe, Mg) were determined with atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) while sodium was determined with flame photometer. The trend in mineral concentration was Mg > Na > Ca > Zn > Fe. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in both species. The proximate analysis showed that the carbohydrates contents in the leaves and seeds of I. wombolu were 51.7±1.3% and 57.6±0.31% respectively, while the moisture content of the peels was 34.0±0.20%. The results of this study showed that the leaves, seeds, seed coats and peels of the two Irvingia species are potential sources of food nutrients and phytochemicals, and therefore should be maximally utilized.

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Panjaitan, Jesica C. R., and Albinus Silalahi. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF SIJUKKOT EKSTRACT (Lactuca Indica L.)." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i2.19527.

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Have been carried out Phytochemical screening on Sijukkot which determited as Lactuca indica L, the plant from Gibeon hill forrest area in the village of Parsaora Sibisa Ajibata, Toba Samosir, North Sumatera. Test carried out to determine the composition of secondary metabolites contained in these plants. It was started by extracting plant leaves using 96% ethanol solvent which was carried out by maceration method and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The concentrated extract obtained was sponsored by phytochemical tests. Phytochemical test results on ethanol extracts from the leaves of the Sijukkot plant were obtained compositions namely Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids.

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Nastić, Nataša, Isabel Borrás-Linares, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez, Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić, and Antonio Segura-Carretero. "Comparative Assessment of Phytochemical Profiles of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) Root Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Techniques." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040837.

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In this work a comparative study on phytochemical profiles of comfrey root extracts obtained by different extraction approaches has been carried out. Chemical profiles of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid (SFE), pressurized liquid (PLE), and conventional solid/liquid extraction were compared and discussed. Phytochemical composition was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) identifying 39 compounds reported for the first time in comfrey root, mainly phenolic acids and fatty acids. The influence of different extraction parameters on phytochemical profiles of S. officinale root was investigated for all applied techniques. PLE and maceration, using alcohol-based solvents (aqueous methanol or ethanol), were shown to be more efficient in the recovery of more polar compounds. Greater numbers of phenolics were best extracted by PLE using 85% EtOH at 63 °C. The use of SFE and 100% acetone for 30 min enabled good recoveries of nonpolar compounds. SFE using 15% EtOH as a cosolvent at 150 bar produced the best recoveries of a significant number of fatty acids. The main compositional differences between extracts obtained by different extraction techniques were assigned to the solvent type. Hence, these results provided comprehensive approaches for treating comfrey root enriched in different phytochemicals, thereby enhancing its bioaccessibility.

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Nwauche, KT, FC Anacletus, and CC Ighorodje-Monago. "Assessment of Fatty Acid, Proximate and Quantitative Phytochemical Compositions of Matured Stem of Costus afer (Bush Cane)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2057.

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This study estimated the fatty acid, proximate and quantitative phytochemical compositions of Costus afer matured stem collected from Choba campus of University of Port Harcourt, in Choba community, Rivers State. This was carried out using standard procedures of analysis (fatty acid and proximate) as well as gas chromatographic method (quantitative phytochemical analysis). The fatty acid analysis of the plant stem revealed high contents of linolenic acid (32.26%), linoleic acid (25.89%) and palmitic acid (25.48%) and moderate levels of oleic acid (7.11%) and stearic acid (6.36%) while myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid was low and caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid were absent. The results of the proximate composition of the stem of Costus afer indicated that total carbohydrate composition of Costus afer stem was the highest (54.98%) while crude fat had the lowest value of 1.15%. The moisture content had a moderate value of 22.15% while total ash (4.60%), crude protein (7.72%) and crude fibre (9.40%) values were low. The gas chromatographic analysis of the stem indicated that the total alkaloid composition was 70.59mg/100g with high compositions of papaverine (44.72%), methyl morphine (23.24%), morphine (17.92%) and narcotine (14.11%). The total flavonoids concentration was 28.29mg/100g. Myricetin (69.79%) had the highest value with moderate levels of quercetin (14.88%) and kaempferol (9.78%). The total composition of saponin was 2.87mg/100g. The sapogenin content of the stem (39.20%) was the highest with moderate levels of diosgenin (26.13%), saponine (22.12%) and tigonine (9.76%) while gitogenin value (2.28%) was observed to be low. The analysis of the plant stem showed the presence of glycosides (22.35mg/100mg) made up mainly of costugenin (65.60%), digitoxin (18.73%), digoxin (6.28%), salicin (4.76%) and low levels of ouabain (1.95%) and kaemferol-3-rhamnoside (1.08%). The study has shown that matured stems of Costus afer can contribute greatly towards meeting human nutritional requirements and suggest the possibility of its use in folklore medicine. Keywords: Costus afer, phytochemicals, proximate composition, fatty acids.

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Tsevegsuren, N., G. Davaakhuu, and Ts Udval. "Phytochemical analysis of Cynara scolymus L. cultivated in Mongolia." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (December 12, 2014): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.320.

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Cynara scolymus L. (Artichoke) is a traditionally consumed vegetable in many countries. In Mongolia, this plant has been successfully cultivated during the last years. The present study is an attempt to investigate the phytochemical composition of C.scolymus L. The result reveals the presence of bioactive constituents comprising flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, saponins and total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and vitamin C in plant parts. The presence of these phytochemicals can be correlated with the medicinal potential of this plant.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.320Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p40-42

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Babatunde, Esan Edward, Adaramola Feyisara Banji, Odutayo Foluke, Aina David Ayandiran, and Kotun Fatima. "Comparative study of leaf morphology, phytochemical, mineral and proximate analysis of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) and its stable mutant." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040704.

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Differences in terms of morphology, phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions created as a result of a natural spontaneous mutation that produced a stable bud-sport on the vegetative parent body of a member of the Euphorbiacea Family Codiaeum variegatum cv. ovalifolium was compared. Morphological characterization of the leaves was done by leaf skeletonization, proximate and mineral analyzes were carried out by method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists while the phytochemical screening was carried out on 80% methanol extracts of the leaves using standard methods. From the results of the morphological characteristics, the mutant showed more vegetative vigor than the parent plant. Results of phytochemical screening showed that; while flavonoid was absent in both, cardiac glycosides and tannins were highly present in the parent but slightly present in the mutant. For both mutant and the parent, calcium had the highest concentration. Copper was absent in the parent while it occurred at the lowest concentration in the mutant. Also, the concentrations of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were higher in the parent plant. Results of proximate composition of the plants showed that both mutant and the parent plant have high nutritive values. Conclusively, the morphological characters of the mutant were shown to distinctly differ from those of the parent plant. Also, both the mutant and its parent plant showed considerably good amount of important phytochemicals, minerals and proximate compositions, making them good prospects for food and medicine.

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Del Pozo-Insfran, David, Christopher E. Duncan, Kristine C. Yu, Stephen T. Talcott, and Craig K. Chandler. "Polyphenolics, Ascorbic Acid, and Soluble Solids Concentrations of Strawberry Cultivars and Selections Grown in a Winter Annual Hill Production System." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 1 (January 2006): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.1.89.

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The effects of cultivar, harvest date, and production year on the soluble solids and antioxidant phytochemical levels of 22 strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) genotypes grown in a winter annual hill (raised bed) production system were investigated. Fruit harvested in Jan. 2003 and 2004 were characterized by low polyphenolic content, but high concentrations of soluble solids and ascorbic acid; whereas fruit harvested in Feb. 2003 and 2004 generally had elevated polyphenolic concentrations, but lower levels of soluble solids and ascorbic acid. Annual variation in soluble solids and phytochemical composition was also observed among nine strawberry genotypes, which was likely attributable to variations in solar radiation and air temperature. `Earlibrite' was among the highest for soluble solids concentration on three of the four harvest dates, while `Carmine' was noted for its high phytochemical concentrations across harvest dates and years. The breeder selection `FL 99-117' emerged as a promising selection in terms of producing fruit with high concentrations of soluble solids and antioxidant phytochemicals.

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Yusuf, A. O., O. S. Sowande, O. M. Sogunle, V. A. Akinbami, O. O. Oyebanji, O. A. Yusuf, D. A. Ekunseitan, K. A. Adeleye, and A. B. J. Aina. "Accessing the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis leaves." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.684.

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Ruminant livestock in most parts of the tropics graze extensively on naturally growing forages which are poor in quality. These tropical forages compared to those in the temperate, support lower levels of ruminant animal production mainly because they contain less nitrogen and are less digestible. The quality and quantity of these grasses become more critical in the dry seasons and thereby imposing more serious constraint to the development and productivity of these animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to access nutritional composition of Panicum maximum and Newbouldia laevis. Phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis was also carried out. Newbouldia laevis had higher crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein compared to Panicim maximum. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponnin in Newbouldia laevis. The percentages of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the Newbouldia laevis were 11.5, 52.07, 3.1 and 0.64, respectively while none was recorded for Panicum maximum. The relatively high crude fibre, ether extract and crude protein values for both plants s appeared satisfactory for animal production. Also, the presence of the phytochemicals in the plant showed it importance in ethno veterinary medicine and pharmacology.

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Aziz, Azalina, and Mohammad Iqbal. "Antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Cynometra cauliflora." Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine 3, no. 4 (2013): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jeim.250813.or.086.

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Aja, P. M., A. N. C. Okaka, P. N. Onu, U. Ibiam, and A. J. Urako. "Phytochemical Composition of Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf) Leaves." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9, no. 6 (May 15, 2010): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.527.530.

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Monsurat M., Raimi,, Oyekanmi, Adeyinka M., and Adegoke, Bosede M. "Proximate, Phytochemical and Micronutrient Composition of Sida acuta." IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5736-07219398.

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Mena, Pedro, Amadeo Gironés-Vilaplana, Nuria Martí, and Cristina García-Viguera. "Pomegranate varietal wines: Phytochemical composition and quality parameters." Food Chemistry 133, no. 1 (July 2012): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.079.

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Saeed, Muhammad, Sumra Naseer, Shabbir Hussain, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects of Cassia Fistula." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.41.05.

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Cassia fistula is widely utilized in conventional medicines against various diseases. The plant possesses diverse pharmacological characteristics including anti-tussive, hepatoprotective, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-itching, anti-ulcer, anti-epileptic, anti-fertility and wound healing characteristics. Its leaves and bark are used to treat skin diseases,while its roots are useful as diuretic and are used to treat tubercular glands, cardiac disorders, and ulcer. Its fruit pulp is used as a mild laxative in numerous stomach problems. Its flowers are used to treat leprosy, abdominal problems and fever and its seeds possess anti-pyretic, cooling and laxativeproperties. The plant isan important source of tannins, glycosides and flavonoides, linoleic, oleic, stearic and carbohydrates. Its leaves contain glycosides, free rhein, sennosides A and B, isofavoneoxalic acidsandoxyanthraquinones derivatives,while the stem bark contains lepeol, hexacosanol, tannins and B-sitosterol. The pulp is composed of carbohydrate, arginine, protein, leucine and flavonid-3-ol-subordinates. Its pods contain astringent matter, fistulic acids, glutten matter and kaempferol,whereas its seeds are rich in malvalic acid, sterculic acid and vernolic oil. Moreover, aurantimide, ceryl alcohol, kaempferol, anthraquinonees, bianthroquonones and glycosides basic oils are present in the flower.

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Khan, Muhammad K., Weeraya Karnpanit, Syed M. Nasar-Abbas, Zill-e. Huma, and Vijay Jayasena. "Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of lupin: a review." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 50, no. 9 (April 9, 2015): 2004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12796.

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Ruscic, M., I. Peros, and V. Dunkic. "Phytochemical Composition of Volatile Compounds of Armeria canescens." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 54, no. 6 (November 2018): 1172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-018-2585-7.

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Baenas, Nieves, Diego A. Moreno, and Cristina García-Viguera. "Selecting Sprouts of Brassicaceae for Optimum Phytochemical Composition." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, no. 45 (November 2012): 11409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf302863c.

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Shilpa, K. J., G. Krishnakumar, and Shenoy Sooryaprakash. "Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of TwoSyzygiumspp." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 20, no. 1 (November 27, 2013): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2013.821432.

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Sharma, Kavita, Leonid Asnin, Eun Young Ko, Eul Tai Lee, and Se Won Park. "Phytochemical composition of onion during long-term storage." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 65, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2014.983151.

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Okolie Ngozi. "Phytochemical analysis and proximate composition of Vernonia amygdalina." International Journal of Scientific World 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v4i1.5845.

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Background: Vernonia amygdalina is used to prepare dishes as well as a multi-purpose fodder tree with high biomass yield. This study was conducted to determine phytochemicals and proximate composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaves.Methods: Evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina for phytochemicals and proximate composition were conducted using standard methods.Results: Result showed that Vernonia amygdalina contain phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugar. Results obtained on the proximate composition shows that Vernonia amygdalina in percentage (%) contain dry matter (90.68 ± 0.77), crude protein (22.81 ± 0.17), crude fiber (18.17±0.06), moisture (9.32 ± 0.67), ash (16.65 ± 0.09), crude fat (4.34 ± 0.04) and carbohydrate (38.03 ± 0.06).Conclusion: The presence of phytochemicals like saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids explains the medicinal potentials of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in therapeutic uses. Also the leafy vegetables if consume in sufficient amount would contribute greatly to the nutritional requirement for human health and to the food security of Nigerian population.

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Moreno-Medina, Brigitte Liliana, Fánor Casierra-Posada, and Joseph Cutler. "Phytochemical Composition and Potential Use of Rubus Species." Gesunde Pflanzen 70, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10343-018-0416-1.

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Gezici, Sevgi, and Nazim Sekeroglu. "Neuroprotective potential and phytochemical composition of acorn fruits." Industrial Crops and Products 128 (February 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.082.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytochemical composition'

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