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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytochemical evaluation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 September 2023

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1

Makwana, Hiren V., Priyanka G. Pandey, and Binita A. Desai. "Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content of Algal Biomass Found in Tapi River in Surat." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41897.

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Abstract: The present study aims to assess the phytochemicals of algal biomass which has seven species identified microscopically. The qualitative phytochemical analysis was done on all the biomass in the Tapi River, Surat in Gujarat. For the qualitative phytochemical analysis total 12 different parameters were analysed and used on algal biomass. Extract prepared in water. Amongst the water extract showed the presence of a maximum number of phytochemical compounds. Next to that, water extract showed alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phytosterol, coumarins, tannins, diterpenes, and quinones, carbohydrates, The protein present in algal biomass. The evaluation of total phenolic content presence in algal biomass. Keywords: Algal biomass, Phytochemical analysis, Algae, Phytochemicals, Total phenol content, Qualitative analysis of biomass, Tapi, Biomass Extract, Algae extract.
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2

Sivalathajini, Dr S., Dr A. Manoharan, and Dr S. Umakalyani. "Physicochemical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Siddha formulation Saaranai chooranam." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 06, no. 02 (2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2023.6209.

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Background: Siddha system of medicine depends largely on herbal for the treatment of diseases which was practiced at village levels and now becomes an important medicine in worldwide, According to the Akasthiyar -2000-Part– III textbook, Saaranai Chooranam is a herbal drug that is indicated for Raththa kothippu (Systemic Hypertension) Saaranai is the Tamil name for Trianthema portulacastrum, which belongs to the family Aizoaceae. Aim & Objective: This study primarily aims to evaluate the Physicochemical and Phytochemical evaluation of Saaranai Chooranam, Preliminary Phytochemical analysis such as High Performed Thin Layered Chromatography and Powder Microscopy of Saaranai Chooranam. Methodology: The Physicochemical analysis of Saaranai Chooranam is carried out using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary Phytochemical screening found, the presence of phytochemicals such as Proteins, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, and Tannins. High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting revealed the presence of many phytochemicals with different Rf values and densitometric scans of the plates showed numerous bands and peaks. The Powder Microscopy reveals the presence ofTracheidal fibre, Vessel with bordered pits, Calcium oxalate crystal, Stone cell, Group of sclereids with brownish content, Paracytic stomata and surrounding subsidiary cells, Rosette Calcium oxalate crystal, Sclereid with narrow lumen, Thick walled cells, Tracheidal fibre and Trichome. Physicochemical analysis revealed the values of total ash (17.86%), acid-insoluble ash (1.34%), water-soluble ash (13.62), sulphated ash (25.72%), pH (6.05 in 4% alcohol solution), volatile oil (0.5%), foaming index (111.11%) and swelling index (4ml). Conclusion: This study is an effort to explore the different Physico and Phytochemical compounds of Saaranai Chooranam effective in the management of Raththa kothippu (Systemic hypertension).
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Mir, Suhail Ahmad, Mudasir Maqbool, Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh, Ahsan Ullaha Bhat, and Ghulam Nabi Bader. "Evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant, and In-vitro antidiarrhoeal, activity of Euphorbia hirta." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (February 15, 2019): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2352.

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Background: The current study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and In-vitro antidiarrheal properties of Euphorbia hirta Methods: Extracts were obtained using cold extraction, hot extraction and autoclave extraction methods using Methanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether and distilled water as solvents. Crude extracts were screened for different phytochemical constituents like sugars, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides etc. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using spectrophotometric method. The in-vitro antidiarrheal activity was elucidated by the antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. Results: Methanol proved to be a good solvent for extraction. In-vitro antidiarrheal activity was shown by all extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria which are mainly responsible for diarrhea. Conclusion: From the phytochemical screening it shows presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The plant also shows antioxidant activity, methnolic extracts shows higher activity and it shows In-vitro antidiarrhoeal activity which clearly indicates that the plant can be used for the treatment of diarrhea. Further studies should be done to isolate the compound responsible for activity in the experimental animals. Keywords: Euphrobia hirta, autoclave extraction, antidiarrheal, phytochemicals.
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Nair, Aswathy V., P. Y. Ansary, Sara Monsy Oommen, and Shincy Mol VV. "Elephantopus ScaberLinn.-Phytochemical Evaluation." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 04, no. 09 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2021.4906.

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5

Dheer, Reema, and Alok Khunteta. "Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Barleria Prionitis." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 2018): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2018.5.3.22.

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6

Esmat, Azmat Unnisa, Sirisha Mittapally, and Safiya Begum. "GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Ethanolic Extract of Gomphrena globosa L. Flowers." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3914.

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Gomphrena globosa (L.) has high medicinal values. All parts are been used as folk medicines. The extract of whole plant / flowers has shown different phytochemical constituents with various clinical properties. These phytochemicals recognised are responsible for various activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, analgesic and cytotoxic. The ethanolic extract of Gomphrena globosa L. flowers of biochemical test indicates the presence of sterols, triterpenoid, tannins, phenols and flavonoids, and on GC-MS analysis it has shown 11 phytochemical compounds with different pharmacological activities. The major bioactive compounds are Docosanoic Acid, Docosyl Ester (25.404%) and Hexatriacontane (24.324%), has proven anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: Gomphrena globose L., phytochemical constituents, GC-MS and anti-inflammatory.
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Okereke, A., O. Sanni, J. Mbonu, O. Onuoha, O. A. Tiamiyu, A. R. Adewole, and J. Okpuzor. "Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents of Fresh Roots Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Medicinal Plants of Uvaria chamae, Anthocleista djalonensis and Euadenia eminens." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i3.18.

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Phytochemicals are bioactive plant chemicals nutrients typically found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods which may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition and can help reduce risks of major chronic diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of fresh roots ethanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinal plants of Uvaria chamae, Anthocleista djalonensis and Euadenia eminens using standard methods of phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed a diverse array of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, isoprenoids, steroids, phlobatanins and cardiac glycosides. The results of GC-MS analysis of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of U. chamae revealed the presence of four and fourteen compounds respectively. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. djalonensis had ten and seventeen compounds respectively while the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of E. eminens was found to have six and twenty compounds respectively. These results indicate U. chamae, A. djalonensis and E. eminens possess phytochemicals which have potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity amongst others and as such, can be recommended as plants of phytopharmaceutical importance.
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Oluwayemisi Odeyemi, Anthony Uchenna Onochie, Sunday Oluwaseun Odeyemi, and Ifeanyi Onyema Oshim. "Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents of Napoleona imperialis stem bark." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 1 (July 30, 2023): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.1.0246.

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The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of Napoleona imperialis stem bark. Methods: Extractions and Phytochemical analysis of Napoleona imperialis stem bark were done using standard procedures. Result: Aqueous Napoleona imperialis stem bark extract had yield of 76.9g (7.69%) and methanol Napoleona imperialis stem bark extract also yielded 58.5g (5.85%) when 1000g pulverized was used for each. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of this extract exhibited moderate quantities of alkaloid, steroid and terpenoid in aqueous extract while methanol extract had flavonoid, saponin and tannin also in moderate quantities. Scanty quantities of flavonoid, saponin, cardiac glycoside and tannin were seen in aqueous extract so also, scanty quantities of alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside were seen in methanol extract. The quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals was carried out twice and the average taken. Phenol had a concentration of 1.173mg/kg, Steroids had 0.623mg/kg, Terpenoid had 3.031mg/kg, Flavonoid showed 58.240mg/kg, Saponin had 13.190mg/kg, Alkaloid had 13.530mg/kg, Cardiac glycoside with 3.910mg/kg, Phytate showed 2.320mg/kg, Tannin had 52.500mg/kg and Hydrogen cyanide showed13.500mg/kg. This research proves that Napoleona imperialis contains some phytochemicals that are useful for mankind and also the part of this plant extracts exhibit medicinal properties.
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Kumar, Nitin, and Anurag Chaudhary. "Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of Prunus persica (L.)." International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences 6, no. 6 (November 2017): 2806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijrdpl.2278-0238.2017.6(6).2806-2812.

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Iyamu, Anthony Osamuyi, Uwaifoh Akpamu, and Karen Uwarobehi Iyamu. "Phytochemical Evaluation and Acute Toxicity Study of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 8 (August 2021): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1302.

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Increased curiosity on natural plant products has been raised due to problems of cost, unavailability, and after-effects of countless synthetic drugs. Worrisome, many plant-derived formulations lack phytochemically or toxicological screening. Hence, this study phytochemical and elemental screened the ethanolic leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana and as well as determining acute toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. The leaves were obtained in Benin City, Nigeria. Ethanol extraction was carried out on leaves and the extract was subjected to proximate, qualitative, and quantitative phytochemical screening and elemental analysis. Acute toxicity was determined on 12 adult male Wistar rats following Lork’s method. Proximate analysis revealed a high presence of carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and moisture. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation showed the abundance of alkaloids (68.7 ± 0.120%), flavonoids (34.7 ± 0.001%) and minute (<1mg/g) saponins, tannins, phenol, and terpenes. The extract contain nutritive (vitamin E = 1.184 ± 0.055µg/g; vitamin A = 0.0066 ± 0.003µg/g; vitamin C = 0.046 ± 0.037µg/g) and anti-nutritive (oxalates = 229.780 ± 16.93mg/100g; cyanide=0.162 ± 0.006 mg/100g; phytate = 0.131 ± 0.01mg/100g) elements. The elemental evaluation showed an abundance of potassium, sodium, and chloride with traces of cadmium and lead and the absence of manganese and copper. There was no sign of acute toxicity or mortality at an extract dose of 5000mg/kg. These findings indicate the ethanol leaf extract of A. wilkesiana as a rich source of phytochemicals and major macro elements and high safety at 5000mg/kg dose. Considering the several components in the leaves extract, Acalypha wilkesiana leaf might be pharmacological significant for the biological system.
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., Bashir Ahmad, Shahida Zakir ., Shumaila Bashir ., Shehnaz Begum ., Muhammad Ismail ., and A. Badshah . "Phytochemical Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2001): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.55.56.

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12

Lutfiyah, Dhea Sultana, Lili Fitriani, Muhammad Taher, and Erizal Zaini. "Crystal Engineering Approach in Physicochemical Properties Modifications of Phytochemical." Science and Technology Indonesia 7, no. 3 (July 28, 2022): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2022.7.3.353-371.

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Phytochemicals have been used to reduce the risk of diseases and maintain good health and well-being. However, most phytochemicals have a limitation in their physicochemical properties, which can be modified by reforming the shape of the crystals. Therefore, crystal engineering is a promising approach to optimize physicochemical characteristics of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in a phytochemical without altering its pharmacological efficacy. Hence, this paper reviews current strategies for the use of crystal engineering to optimize physicochemical properties of phytochemicals, which is followed by the design of the synthesis and characterization of particular phytochemicals, including piperine (PIP), quercetin (QUE), curcumin (CUR), genistein (GEN), and myricetin (MYR). The literature indicates that crystal engineering of multicomponent crystals (MCCs) enhances phytochemical physicochemical properties, including solubility, dissolution rate, stability, and permeability. The MCCs provide a lower lattice energy and noncovalent bonding, which translate into lower melting points and weak intermolecular interactions that generate greater solubility, higher dissolution rate, and better stability of the APIs. Nevertheless, the absence of reported studies of phytochemical crystal engineering leads to a lack of variation in the selection of coformers, methods of preparation, and improvement of physicochemical properties. Therefore, more extensive evaluation of the design and physicochemical characteristics of phytochemicals using MCCs is necessary and manifests the opportunity to enhance the application of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Sathish Kumar, B., Manam Vishnu Kiran, R. Vinoth Kumar, and S. Murugesan. "Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Marine Red Algae Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Research 7, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jpmr.059.22070102.

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Seaweeds are potential marine renewable assets for food, feed, and medicine since ancient times. Considering the latent characteristics of seaweeds, the prevailing has a look at the goal which has to assess the phytochemical composition of methanol extract of underexploited marine red alga Laurencia papillosa. The phytochemical analyses of L. papillosa confirmed the presence of nine phytochemicals amongst which glycosides had been discovered to be the very best with a value of 125.57 ± 3.52 mg/g dry wt, wherein because the saponins were found to be lesser in amount with the value of 2.68 ± 1.97 mg/g dry wt. The function of fluorescence emission and pharmacognosical capabilities which include the total ash content and the extractive values of the red alga L. papillosa analyzed. The results affirm that the chosen seaweed has energetic phytochemical content which will be a capacity supply for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic interest and the methanol extract of L. papillosa will be explored for its robust pharmacological activities in the drug development by the pharmaceuticals.
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Sathish Kumar, B., Manam Vishnu Kiran, R. Vinoth Kumar, and S. Murugesan. "Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Marine Red Algae Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Research 7, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jpmr.059.22070102.

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Seaweeds are potential marine renewable assets for food, feed, and medicine since ancient times. Considering the latent characteristics of seaweeds, the prevailing has a look at the goal which has to assess the phytochemical composition of methanol extract of underexploited marine red alga Laurencia papillosa. The phytochemical analyses of L. papillosa confirmed the presence of nine phytochemicals amongst which glycosides had been discovered to be the very best with a value of 125.57 ± 3.52 mg/g dry wt, wherein because the saponins were found to be lesser in amount with the value of 2.68 ± 1.97 mg/g dry wt. The function of fluorescence emission and pharmacognosical capabilities which include the total ash content and the extractive values of the red alga L. papillosa analyzed. The results affirm that the chosen seaweed has energetic phytochemical content which will be a capacity supply for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic interest and the methanol extract of L. papillosa will be explored for its robust pharmacological activities in the drug development by the pharmaceuticals.
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S. Pai, K. Usha, Yadav D. Bodke, Suman Manandhar, and K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai. "in silico-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals obtained from Methanolic Extract of Cleome viscosa Linn. by GC-MS Method for its Anticancer Activity." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 12 (2021): 2943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23384.

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Cleome viscosa belonging to the family Capparidaceae, is a weed with ethano-botanical value found in India. In the present investigation, methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. The GC-MS analysis of methanol from whole plant of Cleome viscosa detected the presence of 78 phytochemical compounds. Quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was performed. These identified compounds were analyzed for their anticancer activity through in silico molecular docking studies. Computation based in silico docking studies were done using maestro interface. Three protein, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human papilloma virus (HPV) specific to different cancers were selected for screening of these phytochemicals. Phytomolecules with better activity and binding were shortlisted after XP mode of docking. The dock score, glide energy and 2D binding interactions of the top five phytochemicals with three selected proteins have been discussed. The identified hit could be a potent inhibitor these proteins that further requires experimental validation.
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Singh, Khushbu, and Dinesh Patel. "Physiochemical Evaluation and Determination of Chemical Constituent in Rose Petal (Rosa centifolia)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3 (May 15, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3.4754.

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Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore the Pharmacognostic parameters for the standardization of Rosa centifolia Petals. Material and Methods: The flowers of Rosa centifolia were authenticated and shade dried. Rosa centifolia petals were collected then macromorphological, physiochemical assessment, and the micrometric study was carried out. The dried powder form of the Rosa centifolia Petals was then extracted with different solvent systems alcoholic, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether, and their extractive values were calculated. Most of the phytochemicals were found in ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions. Thin Layer chromatography (TLC) of the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extract was performed for important phytochemicals flavonoids and polyphenol. Flavonoids and phenolics showed their presence in all extracts with one spot in each extract for ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. Result: The Physicochemical exploration showed values for moisture content, moisture sorption capacity, ash values, and extractive values which are within the limits of World Health Organization standards for the crude drug from medicinal plants. Micromeritic analysis of petal powder reveals good flowability. Ethanolic extractive values were found to be higher when compared to extractive values of, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. Preliminary Phytochemical examination for the sample indicated the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and amino acids. Rf value for flavonoid and phenolic on TLC were found to be for ethanol 0.78 and 0.77, for ethyl acetate 0.81 and 0.78, for petroleum ether 0.81 and 0.78 respectively. Conclusions: The current research would be useful to supplement the information regarding pharmacognostical characteristics, physicochemical evaluation, micrometric analysis, and phytochemical exploration in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for its identification and medicinal use. Keywords: Rosa centifolia, Macromorphological description, Physicochemical evaluation, Phytochemical screening, TLC screening.
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K, Gaurav. "Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves hydro alcoholic extracts." YMER Digital 21, no. 07 (July 22, 2022): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/68.

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The leaves of the Caesalpinia bonducella plant have long been used to treat tumours, inflammation, and liver conditions. Additional medical properties of the plant include anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, nematocidal, antihyperglycemic, antipyretic, antidiuretic, anthelmintic, and antibacterial activities. Recent research has shown that the methanol extract of C. bonducella leaves possesses hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic action. The objective of the current study is to evaluate pharmacognostic criteria, such as an initial phytochemical examination of Caesalpinia bonducella. However, the results shows that the C. bonducella consist of mainly phenolic, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. Keywords:- Caesalpinia bonducella, pharmacognostic, phytochemicals, screening, alkaloids, flavonoids
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18

MUHAMMAD MUAZU, DANZAKI, MUSTAPHA OBA TOYIN, and ABDULKAREEM KHADIJA ABDULHAMID. "Chemosystematic Evaluation of Some Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum L. Using Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2728.2021.

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There is little information on the use of phytochemicals for the systematic study of variation and resolving relatedness in Nigerian Gossypium hirsutum species. Thus, there is a need to carry out detailed phytochemical studies of the plant leaves, which could be helpful in ascertaining their diversity and relatedness. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted on 18 accessions of G. hirsutum using the established laboratory protocols. The findings of this study indicated the presence of tannin, alkaloids, proline, flavonoids, and saponin in all of the accessions that were grouped into two at 17% genetic distance, indicating 83% relatedness. However, phytosterol, terpenoids and glycosides were absent in three of the accessions, which were grouped at 48%. The phytochemical compositions were tannin (1.30-1.09 mg/100 g), flavonoid (1.60-1.16 mg/100 g, terpenoid (0.42-0.35 mg/100 g), alkaloid (1.47-1.11 mg/100 g), saponin (4.86-1.59 mg/100 g), glycoside (1.02-0.88 mg/100 g), proline (1.57-1.0 mg/100 g) and phytosterol (0.36-0.2 mg/100 g). The aim of this research was to determine the diversity and relatedness of G. hirsutum genotypes collected from different locations of Nigeria. In general, this study emphasises the use of plant chemicals for classification purposes.
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Hassan, Syeda Mona, Memmuna Hafeez, Syed Khurram Hassan, Asif Ibrahim, Huma Hassan, and Naureen Naeem. "Phytochemical Evaluation of A. esculentus Extracts." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2019.030150.

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The bioactives of A. esculentus leaves and seeds were extracted by using four solvent systems (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 100% methanol and 100% ethanol) and leaves presented maximum extract yield (38.1 g/100g DW) in 80% methanolic solvent system. Antioxidant analysis of A. esculentus leaves and seeds extracts performed in terms of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, showed that 80% methanolic leaves extract offered highest total phenolic contents (31.2 mg GAE/g DW), whereas 80% ethanolic leaves gave maximum total flavonoid contents (41.8 mg CE/g DW).
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., Bashir Ahmad, Qasim Jan ., Shumaila Bashir ., Muhammad Iqbal Choud ., and Muhammad Nisar . "Phytochemical Evaluation of Chenopodium murale Linn." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 15 (July 15, 2003): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.1072.1078.

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21

P Viswan, Jeena, Shincymol V V, P. Y. Ansary, and Sara Monsy Oommen. "Maranta Arundinacea Linn. (Tugaksheeri) – Phytochemical Evaluation." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, no. 09 (2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5904.

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Tugaksheeri is an important drug that has been widely used in the preparation of various ayurvedic formulations. The plant is botanically identified as Maranta arundinaceaLinn. of marantaceae family and has a nutrient dense starchy rhizome which has very low glycemic index, easy to digest and ideal for meeting the nutritional demands of sick. As per Samhithasand nighantusit is used in the treatment of kshaya(tuberculosis), swasa(dyspnoea), kasa(cough), daha(burning sensation), raktha dosha(disorders of blood), kamala(jaundice), pandu (anaemia)and mutrakruchra(dysuria). In folklore practices it is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and colitis. In order to validate these traditional claims scientifically and also to determine the quality and purity preliminary phytochemical evaluation of the drug was carried out. It revealed the presence of variable phytoconstituents suchas alkaloids, phenol, flavonoids, steroid, carbohydrate etc which are responsible for the therapeutic potential of the drug. Values of total ash, acid insoluble ash, moisture content, alcohol and water-soluble extractives were comparable with the available references. Apart from the findings of previous research works, in the present study water insoluble ash value, quantitative estimation of fibre, tannin, total sugar, reducing sugar, qualitative analysis of ash for acid and basic radicals, successive solvent extraction in various solvents like petroleum ether, cyclohexane, acetone and alcohol, qualitative analysis of successive solvent extractives were carried out for the first time. All these findings will help to ensure the quality and purity of the drug.
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Sandhya, Anukatalla, Kadiri Sunil Kumar, Tirumani Sushma, Shalini, and R. Suthakaran. "Phytochemical Screening andinvivoNootropic Evaluation ofCarissacaranduslinn. Roots." Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8, no. 2 (2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2016.00015.7.

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23

Allayie, Sartaj Ahmad, Mushtaq Ahmed Parray*, Bilal Ahmad Bhat, and S. Hemalatha. "Phytochemical evaluation of leaf extracts of Naringi crenulata (roxb.) Nicolson." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 5110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.11.0020.

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The use of traditional medicines holds a great promise as an easily available source as effective medicinal agents to cure a wide range of ailments among the people particularly in tropical developing countries like India. The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of N. crenulata leaf extracts. The extractive values of aqueous, acetone and chloroform extracts were found to be 11.34, 4.24 and 6.06 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of these three solvent extracts confirm the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds in all the three extracts; however, these phytochemicals were more significant in aqueous extract. Quantitative analysis was carried out using TLC method by different solvent system. Amongst various solvent systems, Butanol: acetic acid: water (9: 0.9: 0.1 v/v/v) shows maximum resolution and number of spots produced at long UV (365 nm) and under iodine vapours. The TLC chromatograms constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. It can be conveniently used to evaluate the quality of different area samples. This indicates that the leaves can be useful for treating different diseases because the therapeutic activity of a plant is due to the presence of particular class of compounds and thus can serve as potential sources of useful drugs in future.
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Momanyi Kerubo Rachael, Rajiv P, and Sugapriya Dhanasekaran. "Screening for Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 5787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3226.

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The plants are producing different types of secondary metabolites and are employed either indirectly or directly in the pharmaceutical industries. The chemical constituents of secondary metabolites improve the primary health and physiological activity in human systems. Tridax procumbens is belonging to Asteraceae family. T. procumbens is classified as a weed. In traditional medicine, the leaves, root, and stem of T. procumbens were used to treatment of stomach pain, diarrhoea, colds, inflammations, hepatopathies, bacterial and skin infections. The main objectives of present study were to screen the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of weed plant (T. procumbens). The phytochemical screening was carried out using the stranded methods. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity for aqueous extract of T. procumbens was done by agar well diffusion method using bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporium and Trichoderma reesei. All the phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, phenolic groups, glycosides, tannin, alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids and steroids were present in the extract of T. procumbens and were confirmed by phytochemical analysis. The aqueous extract has not shown antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested pathogens. Other evaluation process is to be done on isolation of phytochemicals and chemical structure determination of bioactive compounds.
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Shah, Sulaiman. "THE PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL EVALUATION OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i2.1049.

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ABSTRACT Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa) is a nutrient-rich pseudo cereal crop, which has been introduced in Pakistan in the past due to its high medicinal and commercial value. The plant contains huge number of phytochemicals i.e. amino acids, fiber, minerals, vitamins, secondary metabolites, bioactive proteins and peptides which could be used in various medicine for human and other animal’s health. In addition, it has been reported that the quinoa leaves, root, and seed are used in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, inflammations, fungal infections, and other numerous health problems. Besides, its high energy, nutrient content, therapeutic properties, and lack of gluten, it is considered to be useful for children, the elderly, lactose-intolerant people, and osteoporosis in women. This comprehensive study provides medical uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of quinoa. Also, the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-lipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects have been reviewed. This review is providing the detail study about the phytochemicals and pharmacological evaluation of quinoa till date, and also provides pave for future investigations and exploitation of Chenopodium quinoa.
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Gomes, Lorena Ferreira, Diegue Henrique Nascimento Martins, Sandra Marcia Mazutti da Silva, Yuri Yabu de Barros, Paula Monteiro de Souza, Marcela Medeiros de Freitas, Cristopher William Fagg, et al. "Biological properties and phytochemical characterization from Miconia chamissois Naudin aqueous extract." Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas 20, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.21.20.4.32.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate biological and phytochemical properties of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Miconia chamissois Naudin (AEMC). Phytochemical properties were assessed by analyzing the chromatographic profile and the polyphenol content of AEMC. Biological properties evaluation was conducted based on cytotoxicity assay and by evaluating the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzymatic inhibition activities. Results indicated the presence of phytochemicals in AEMC such as flavonoids and polyphenols, including rutin, isoquercitrin and vitexin derivatives. AEMC showed antioxidant activity, which may be attributed to the high polyphenolic content. Moreover, AEMC demonstrated in vitro enzyme inhibition activity against tyrosinase and alpha-amylase, as well as showed low cytotoxicity. On the other hand, AEMC exhibited weak antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. Thus, AEMC is a promising alternative in search of potential drugs for the treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, conditions due to hyperpigmentation processes, such as melisma, as well as for diabetes.
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Zreen, Zohra, Amjad Hameed, Shumaila Kiran, Tahir Farooq, and Mohammed Suleiman Zaroog. "A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities." BioMed Research International 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4746223.

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Keeping in mind the ascribed repute of Diospyros malabarica (D. malabarica), this investigation was commenced to assess the effect of diverse solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical components and antioxidant capability, and in vitro biological activities of D. malabarica for pharmaceutically active constituents to combat various infections. To screen phytochemicals both qualitatively (flavonoids, terpenoid, saponins, tannins) and quantitatively like total phenolic and flavonoid contents, Diospyros malabarica parts include the following: root, leaves, bark, stem, ripe, and unripe fruit were sequentially extracted with organic solvents such as petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water in increasing order of polarity from less polar to more polar solvents. Furthermore, biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory were explored. The results revealed that all the tested solvents displayed a vital role in the extraction yield, the content of phytochemicals, and the studied biological activities. Methanol was found as the best solvent followed by the ethanol for the extraction, representing the highest extraction yield (18.3%), rich diversity of phytochemicals, and the highest total phenolic contents ( 602 ± 0.001 μ g EAG/mg of extract) and total flavonoid contents ( 455 ± 0.6 μ g EQ/mg of extract) in bark extract. Furthermore, methanol bark extract showed high in vitro antibacterial activity ( 30.25 mm ± 0.9 ), antifungal activity ( 18.25 mm ± 0.2 ), anticancer activity (48%), antidiabetic activity (68%) and anti-inflammatory activity (62%) followed by ethanol amongst other extracts of D. malabarica. Accordingly, methanol might be as an ideal solvent to get maximum content of phytochemicals, promising antioxidants, and in vitro biological activities from bark extract amongst other extracts of D. malabarica compared to pet ether, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and may act as free radical rummager because phytochemical constituents exhibit antioxidant capability. Our findings suggest that phytochemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids) found in the bark extract of D. malabarica may be attributed to evaluate potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.
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WAHAB, NURUL HUDA ABDUL, HOY ZHEN HAO, and SUZANA MISBAH. "EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF WHITE MULBERRY (Morus alba)." Malaysian Applied Biology 49, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i4.1599.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine is mainly derived from medicinal herbal plant sources, which are easily obtained and cheaper than modern medicines. One such plant used as a remedy to treat various illnesses is Morus alba, known as white mulberry. This study aimed to screen the phytochemicals of M. alba and examine the potential antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. Leaves, fruits, and stems of M. alba were extracted using three solvents of different polarities (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol) to screen the presence of phytochemical constituents, followed by an evaluation of their antimicrobial potential. The qualitative phytochemical tests revealed that carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, coumarins, alkaloids, and terpenoids were detected in the crude extracts of M. alba. Extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol preparations were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility test using disk diffusion method against Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. Interestingly, M. alba methanolic leaf extract showed noticeable antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner (concentration range 6.25–100%) against all tested Gram-positive bacteria. Data of this study provide preliminary findings on the potential use of M. alba leaf for the treatment of infections caused by the Gram-positive bacteria.
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Afzal, Muhammad, Ejaz Ahmed, Ahsan Sharif, Iqra Haider Khan, and Arshad Javaid. "EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF A MEDICINAL HERB, Centaurium erythraea." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1071.

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Medicinal herbs are promising source of biologically active phytochemicals, many of which possess antifungal activities against phytopathogens. This research presents in vitro antifungal activity and analysis of a medicinally important herb Centaurium erythraea Rafn extracts against a highly problematic pathogen of tomato namely Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In-vitro results prominently disclosed that the extracts showed good percentage growth inhibition (PGI) against FOL. Methanolic extract of C. erythraea at 200 mg mL-1 showed growth inhibition 93.3% while the synthetic fungicide benomyl showed highest growth inhibition of 90.2% at the same concentration. Phytochemical analysis indicated that methanolic extracts of this plant possess phytochemicals of all the major classes such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins etc. This study concludes that the extracts of C. erythraea are the best alternatives to fungicides to control Fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato.
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Nwogu, Arit Okechukwu, Davies G. Tamuno-Emine, Adline E. Ben-Chioma, and Ebirien-Agana Samuel Bartimaeus. "Evaluation of the Phytochemical Composition of Some Commonly Sold Male Herbal Fertility Supplements in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 21, no. 10 (August 18, 2023): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10891.

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Plants are major sources used in the production of pharmaceutically active drugs and they contain diverse phytochemicals which give these herbal supplements their biological and pharmacological effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of some commonly sold male herbal fertility supplements (Libron Herbal, Mascum Herbal Pride and Energy 3000) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the herbal supplements was done using standard procedures. The GC 789OB 5977A and Mass Spectrometry Device (MSD) Model was used for the GC/MS Study. Results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis of the supplements shows that flavonoid, protodiocin, tannins, phenols and alkaloids were present in libron herbal supplement. Protodiocin, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiacglycosides were present in mascum herbal supplement while flavonoids, protodiocin, tannins, alkaloids, anthroquinones and terpeniods were present in Energy 3000 herbal supplement. For the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the herbal supplements, libron herbal supplement contained Flavonoid 0.24 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.01%, tannins 0.37 ± 0.02%, phenols 0.18 ± 0.00% and alkaloid 0.28 ± 0.10%. Mascum herbal supplement were seen to contain protodiocin 0.27 ± 0.07%, saponins 0.48 ± 0.08%, tannis 0.38 ± 0.06%, phenols 0.21± 0.07%, alkaloids 0.18 ± 0.10%, and cardiaglycosides 0.27 ± 0.07% while Energy 3000 was made up of flavonoid 0.10 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.04%, tannis 0.64 ± 0.10%, phenols 0.28 ± 0.01%, alkaloids 0.26 ± 0.01%, anthroquinones 0.27 ± 0.10% and terpenoids 0.25 ± 0.00%.The GC/MS study was seen to contain various chemical compunds. The three herbal supplements assayed contain diverse phytochemicals that may enhance male fertility as well as some chemical compounds that could alter hormonal functioning of some biochemical systems in the albino rats.
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LAGUDU, Mutyala Naidu, and Aniel Kumar OWK. "Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae): Evaluation of its Foliar Phytochemical Constituents for Antimicrobial Activity." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10110180.

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The phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Litsea glutinosa revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, volatile compounds, amino acids and carbohiydrates. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibition concentration values were determined for these phytochemical constituents as crude extracts using the agar well diffusion and two-fold serial dilution methods. The results indicated that Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible bacterium with high inhibition zones for the methanol and chloroform extracts of 31 mm and 26 mm, respectively. The MIC values indicated that extracts possess good antimicrobial activity with significant MIC value against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus pneumoniae at 31.2 µg/ml concentrations. The extracts showed marked antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. Among the bacterial strains, gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than the gram-negative. All the 13 microorganisms tested showed dose dependent susceptibility towards the phytochemicals present in the foliar extracts. The study suggests that Litsea glutinosa leaves possess potent antimicrobial activity and can be a good source for the development of new antibiotics.
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Madiwalar, Manjula, Pradeep S. Shindhe, and R. R. Hiremath. "Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of Panchavalkaladi Kashaya: A Polyherbomineral Formulation." Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga 9, no. 3 (2016): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijamy.0974.6986.9316.1.

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33

Koroma, Lahai, Dolly Anna Gandhi, and Victoria Lebbie. "An Investigation Into Organoleptic Evaluation and Phytochemical Screening of Dried Powdered Peel, Pulp of Ripped Pawpaw, Production Fresh Pawpaw Juice and Sensory Evaluation of the Pawpaw Juice." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research 08, no. 01 (2023): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijaemr.2023.8105.

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Organoleptic evaluation and phytochemical screening were carried out on dried powdered pawpaw peel, pulp of ripped pawpaw. Organoleptic characters investigated were size, colour, odour, taste and texture of the dried powdered pawpaw peel, pulp and the pawpaw drink. Phytochemical screening involved testing each of dried powdered pawpaw peel and pulp for different classes of secondary plant metabolites. The methods used for detection of the various phytochemicals include qualitative chemical tests to give general idea regarding the nature of constituents present in the different solvent extracts of the powdered Pawpaw peel and pulp. The powdered peel was found to be brown in colour, sticky and tasted bitter indicating that the peel contained alkaloids. The sweet taste of the pulp indicates the presence of carbohydrates. The results of phytochemical screening indicated that the dried powdered peel of ripped pawpaw fruit tested positive for starch, glucose, proteins, sterols, Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, fats and oils, glycosides and saponins while the driedpulptested positive for starch, glucose, glycosides and saponins. The dried Powdered peel of ripped pawpaw fruit contains more secondary plant metabolites than the dried pulp. It is therefore suggested that the peel should be included in the future formulation of the Pawpaw Juice. The results of the sensory evaluation of the Pawpaw Juice served to 40 semi-untrained panellists randomly selected from the various Departments of the Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone indicated that the colour (75%), taste (87.5%), aroma (80%) and texture (60%) were general acceptable and good. It can therefore be used as food supplement for children.
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Endo, Yuka, Kyoji Muraki, Yuji Fuse, and Makoto Kobayashi. "Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Spice-Derived Phytochemicals Using Zebrafish." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031109.

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Various dietary phytochemicals seem to display antioxidant activity through the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, few studies have demonstrated its antioxidant effect and Nrf2 dependency at the animal level. We constructed a zebrafish-based assay system to analyze the in vivo antioxidant activity of phytochemicals and examined the activity of 10 phytochemicals derived from spices, using this system as a pilot study. Hydrogen peroxide and arsenite were used as oxidative stressors, and Nrf2 dependency was genetically analyzed using an Nrf2-mutant zebrafish line. The activities of curcumin, diallyl trisulfide and quercetin were involved in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide toxicity, while those of cinnamaldehyde, isoeugenol and 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate were involved in the reduction of arsenite toxicity. The antioxidant activities of these phytochemicals were all Nrf2 dependent, with the exception of cinnamaldehyde, which showed strong antioxidant effects even in Nrf2-mutant zebrafish. In summary, we succeeded in constructing an assay system to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals using zebrafish larvae. Using this system, we found that each spice-derived phytochemical has its own specific property and mechanism of antioxidant action.
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C. Sai, Kalyani Yogini, Suresh Kumar Chitta, and Chitturi Ch.M. Kumari. "Biological evaluation of Undaria pinnatifida as antioxidative agent in silico and in vitro." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1711rjbt1100117.

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Undaria pinnatifida is a type of marine algae which is edible seaweed and is largely used in Japan and Korean countries. This brown seaweed is rich in vitamins, minerals and various kinds of macro and trace elements. It is a source of many potent pharmacological compounds used in obesity management. The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and assessing antioxidant activity of different dissolvable concentrates (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate) of Undaria pinnatifida. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of significant auxiliary metabolites, for example, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in solvent extracts of Undaria pinnatifida. In silico analysis showed the binding capacity of glutathione and catalase with fucoxanthin. The comparative assessment of antioxidant activity (DPPH Method) of extracts indicated highest scavenging activity in the ethyl acetate extract of Undaria pinnatifida which is equivalent to standard ascorbic acid. The presence of potent phytochemicals and demonstration of antioxidant activity paves the way for further testing its efficacy as a nutraceutical for treatment of various chronic disorders such as diabetes, obesity etc.
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Ilodibia, Chinyere, and Ngozi Igboabuchi. "Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional potential of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) leaf, stem and root on human health." International Journal of Biological Research 5, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v5i1.6897.

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Phytochemical and nutritional potentials of various parts (leaf, stem and root) of Talinum triangulare were evaluated using standard techniques. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed in data analysis. All the parts of the species were found to contain nutrient compositions in varying levels. Dry matter and carbohydrate were highest in the stem (91.69±0.12 and 68.66±0.01) respectively. Moisture, ash content and crude fibre were highest in the root (9.78±0.04, 17.53±0.11and 15.32±0.03) respectively while ether extract and crude protein were highest in the leaf (1.09±0.01 and 17.72±0.17) respectively. The results showed also varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaf, stem and root with some parts lacking some of the phytochemicals. The leaf contained the highest percentage of all the phytochemical investigated alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, Terpenoid, phenol and saponin (0.47±0.01, 0.26±0.00, 0.36±0.07, 0.03±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.02±0.01and 0.68±0.05 respectively. The root lacked sterol and phenol while stem lacked only phenol. The leaf, stem and root lacked cyanogenic glycoside. The results have indicated that these parts of the Talinum triangulare investigated are very nutritious and possessed bioactive compounds that could be extracted for the manufacture of new drug, food supplements and also be used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diseases.
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Pal, Netra, Suraj Mandal, Km Shiva, and Bijender Kumar. "Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Mallotus philippensis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 5 (September 20, 2022): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5675.

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The present study was aimed at Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological evaluation of the plant Mallotus Philippinensis family- Euphorbiaceae. Pharmacognostical investigation were carried out by performing organoleptic, microscopical and physicochemical evaluation i.e. ash values, extractive values, moisture content, swelling index, foaming index and foreign matter. The obtained results showed that the moisture content was found to be 1.74%. Similarly swelling index was recorded to be (0.8cm). Foaming index (less than 100). Phytochemical investigation included successive soxhlet extraction, the obtained extractive values were 4.9%, 5.45%, 9.77%, 8.75%, and 4.4% for petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and distilled water respectively. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils and fats. Pharmacological investigation included the Anthelmentic activity by using the Mallotus Philippinensis plant ethyl acetate extract. The 200 mg/kg dose to be found positively in Pharmacological responses. Keywords: Mallotus Philippinensis, Anthelmentic activity, Phytochemical investigation, Pharmacological investigation, Pharmacognostical investigation
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Singh, Vineet Kumar, Rojison Koshy, Deepak Mundkinajeddu, and Jothie Richard Edwin. "A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR QUALITY EVALUATION OF FLAVONOID-RICH EXTRACT OF Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard®)." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 02 (2022): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1526831.

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Quality evaluation of botanical preparations is still evolving globally due to the complex, variable, and unknown phytochemical compositions of herbs. Accordingly, the quality of commercially available products needs to be better defined and controlled to ensure consistent health benefits and safety for consumers. This study aims to develop a comprehensive analytical methodology involving both phytochemical and biological evaluations towards achieving a meaningful quality control of commercial batches of a flavonoid-rich extract (GutGard®) derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Nine different commercial batches of the extract were analyzed to establish the chromatographic fingerprint of flavonoids as well as biological consistency using in-vitro assays for evaluating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. A total of 53 peaks were assigned using MS/MS as the “common peaks” and nine peaks as “characteristic peaks” in the fingerprint of all the nine batch samples. Quantitative determination of the latter was achieved with a validated HPLC method. The finding revealed that all the examined samples were enriched with flavonoids, although with varied contents. The biological assays complemented the phytochemical analysis by way of providing a range of IC50 values that represent the overall chemistry of the extract including both the known and unknown constituents.
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Ahmad Hassali, Hazlina, Gomathi Chan, Wan Hamirul Wan Bahrin, Zainah Adam, Daryl Jesus Arapoc, Rosniza Razali, Azfar Hanif Abd Aziz, and Khalijah Awang. "Phytochemical Evaluation and Cytotoxic Activities of Stem Bark and Leaf Extracts of Mesua assamica." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 3237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-10.

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Natural products and their derivatives have historically been invaluable as a source of therapeutic agents. The Mesua (Calophyllaceae) has been known to produce various new chemical compounds of medicinal values. Some Mesua species have yielded new potential anticancer agents that are important to the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of different solvent extracts of Mesua assamica stem bark and leaves were evaluated. The stem bark and leaves of M. assamica were successively extracted in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that most of the M. assamica extracts consist of important phytochemicals, namely, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phlobatannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, decreasing sugars, steroids, lipids, phenols, coumarins, carbohydrates, proteins, and betacyanin indicating its potential for medicinal use. Quantitative determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activities through DPPH assay of M. assamica extracts have been achieved by utilizing colorimetric methods. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation through MTT assay induction against human breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines exhibited that hexane extracts were found to have IC50 value below 30 μg/mL and conferred effectiveness in inducing cell death MCF-7. The diversity of phytochemicals present suggests that the stem bark and leaves of M. assamica could serve as a supply of potentially valuable medications. Exploiting the plant's pharmacological qualities will necessitate more study on the isolation, purification, and identification of bioactive components.
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M.U, Muhammad,, Gayari, M.S, Idris, B, Garba U, and Bello I. "Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Indigofera hirsuta Linn." Arid-zone Journal of Basic & Applied Research 1, no. 5 (October 15, 2022): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607.1322.

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The phytochemical constituents of Indigofera hirsuta aerial part were assessed for their potential as sources of alternative medicines as well for industrial applications. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of Flavonoids, Steroids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Cardiac glycosides and Anthraquinones. Quantitative evaluation of the extract showed their concentrations to be Flavonoids (270.039+0.013 mg/100g), Steroids (9.100±0.007 mg/100g), Alkaloids (59.74±0.014 mg/100g), Tannins (21.66+0.03 mg/100g), Saponins (1.3+0.0001 mg/100g) and Anthraquinones (0.205+0.003 mg/100g). Our study indicated that the plant possessed different phytochemicals that determine its medicinal use. The crude methanolic extract was further tested at various concentrations to check its microbial activity against four bacterial pathogens. The results showed that the crude exhibited activity significantly at all concentrations against three organisms. (Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae). Maximum activity was observed against Streptococcus pneumoniae (12 mm at 200 mg/ml, 11 mm at 100 mg/ml,10 mm at 50 mg/ml and 9 mm at 25 mg/ml). While minimum level of microbial activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 mm at 200 mg/ml,8mm at 100 mg/ml,7 mm at 50 mg/ml and 6mm at 25 mg/ml. However, Proteus mirabilis showed no activity). This result suggested the potential use of Indigofera hirsuta for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria.
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Gupta, Neha, Nidhi Shrivastava, Pramod Kumar Singh, and Sameer S. Bhagyawant. "Phytochemical Evaluation of Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifoliaL.) Seeds and Their Divergence." Biochemistry Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3136043.

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In the present study, phytochemical contents of 25 moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) seed accessions were evaluated. This includes protease inhibitors, phytic acid, radical scavenging activity, and tannins. The studies revealed significant variation in the contents of theses phytochemicals. Presence of photochemical composition was correlated with seed storage proteins like albumin and globulin. Qualitative identification of total seed storage protein abundance across two related moth bean accessions using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) was performed. Over 20 individual protein fractions were distributed over the gel as a series of spots in two moth bean accessions. Seed proteome accumulated spots of high intensity over a broad range of pI values of 3–10 in a molecular weight range of 11–170 kDa. In both seed accessions maximum protein spots are seen in the pI range of 6–8.
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Howlader, Md Moniruzzaman Sohag, Sheikh Rashel Ahmed, Khadizatul Kubra, and Md Khairul Hassan Bhuiyan. "Biochemical and phytochemical evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27577.

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The present study was aimed to evaluate biochemical and phytotochemical of dry leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Biochemical analysis indicated that Stevia leaves are a good source of carbohydrate and reducing sugar. Different extraction methods were used to prepare four different dry extracts (Extract A, B, C, D). Total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were analyzed for these four dry extracts and commercial Stevia powder. The highest amount of total soluble sugar (477 mg sugar g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract C and higher amount of reducing sugar (82 mg g-1 dry extract) was obtained from extract D among the extracts. But commercial Stevia powder showed higher total soluble sugar content (754 mg g-1 dry powder) and highest amount of reducing sugar (98 mg g-1 dry extract) than all the extracted dry samples. The extraction process of dry extract C was feasible for the extraction of total soluble sugar. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups and presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and saponins that were identified. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds (92 mg) was recorded from methanolic extract of extraction B. The lowest amount of total phenolic compounds (36 mg) was recorded in ethanolic extract of extraction A. So, Methanol proved as best solvent to extract increased quantity of total phenolic compounds than other solvents.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 121-130
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Sawarkar, H. A., H. J. Dhongade, Ajit Pandey, Deepak Biswas, Pranita P. Kashyap, and C. D. Kaur. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BARLERIA GRANDIFLORA." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 6, no. 9 (September 19, 2015): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.069124.

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Kalara, Jigna R., VK Kori, KS Patel, CR Harisha, and VJ Shukla. "Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Gandhakadi Yoga." Journal of Phytopharmacology 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2019.8209.

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Verma. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANTS." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2013.291.299.

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Raghuvanshi, Ajay, D. M. Kar, Prabhat Das, and Renu Bala. "Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ipomoea reniformis." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10, no. 9 (2017): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00524.8.

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., Dilnawaz Pathan, Shakeel Memon ., and Hiba Parkar . "Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Picrorhiza Kurroa." Journal of Current Pharma Research 9, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 2561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33786/jcpr.2018.v09i01.003.

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Ghorpade, Priyanka, Areej Siddiqui, Manohar J. Patil, and Rukhsana A. Rub. "Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of Celosia argentea." Pharmacognosy Journal 4, no. 33 (December 2012): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2012.33.2.

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Choudhary, N. K., S. Sharma, S. Goyal, and J. Dwivedi. "MICROSCOPIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 06 (June 28, 2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.06.10652.

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In traditional system of medicine, Calotropis gigantea (Akra) has been used for treatment of various diseases. Since, there is no proper information regarding pharmacognostic parameters of flowers of this plant, our efforts were devoted to study the microscopical characters and phytochemical study of flowers of this plant. Microscopic evaluation of gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel were undertaken, determination of ash and extractive values, phytochemical screening and TLC for presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic characterization of the parts of the flower i.e. gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel of Calotropis gigantea was performed. The physicochemical characterization‘s gave ash values (total ash: 18.60; acid insoluble ash: 5.46; water soluble ash; 13.50) and extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform and 90% ethanol extract gave 2.4, 3.9 and 2.1% w/w, respectively. TLC of chloroform extract showed the presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic study of the flower of Calotropis gigantea give us the foot prints for further study with the presence of triterpenoids in the flowers.
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Singhai, Swapnil, J. K. Jain, and O. P. Dwivedi. "PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MASHABALADI KWATH." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (August 2, 2017): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.083179.

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