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Journal articles on the topic 'Phytoliths'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Pamirsky, Igor Eduardovich, Alexey Grigorievich Klykov, Alexander Mikhailovich Zakharenko, and Kirill Sergeevich Golokhvast. "First Data on the Differences of Phytolite Composition in Different Wheat Varieties Triticum aestivum L." Key Engineering Materials 806 (June 2019): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.806.155.

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At current work we present first results of comparative study of the morphology and chemical composition in biomineral particles (phytoliths) of different types of wheat (Volzhskaya, Moskovskaya 39, Primorskaya 40). Optical microscopy reveals 5 morphotypes of phytolith in the stem and spike of wheat Triticum aestivum L. Although, only 3 morphotypes of phytolites were found in all three varieties, and the other 2 morphotypes were found only in some cases. These differences may be sort-specific signs. Various phytoliths have different linear sizes. As demosntrated, even within a sole type of whe

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An, Xiaohong, and Binrong Xie. "Phytoliths from Woody Plants: A Review." Diversity 14, no. 5 (2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050339.

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Phytoliths are efficient proxies in archaeology, plant taxonomy, palaeoenvironment, and palaeoecology reconstruction, the research of which has been developing rapidly in recent years. Phytolith morphology is the basis of phytolith research. The morphological identification and classification of grass phytoliths are clear and detailed enough for application. However, the morphology of phytoliths from woody plants is ambiguous and unsystematic because of the relatively rare research on modern phytoliths and consequently seldom used in archaeology and palaeoenvironment reconstruction. This paper

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3

An, Xiaohong, and Binrong Xie. "Phytoliths from Woody Plants: A Review." Diversity 14, no. 5 (2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050339.

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Phytoliths are efficient proxies in archaeology, plant taxonomy, palaeoenvironment, and palaeoecology reconstruction, the research of which has been developing rapidly in recent years. Phytolith morphology is the basis of phytolith research. The morphological identification and classification of grass phytoliths are clear and detailed enough for application. However, the morphology of phytoliths from woody plants is ambiguous and unsystematic because of the relatively rare research on modern phytoliths and consequently seldom used in archaeology and palaeoenvironment reconstruction. This paper

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4

Tan, Shuhui, Rencheng Li, Richard S. Vachula, et al. "Electron probe microanalysis of the elemental composition of phytoliths from woody bamboo species." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0270842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270842.

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Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is promising for accurately determining elemental components in micro-areas of individual phytolith particles, interpreting compositional features and formation mechanisms of phytoliths in plants, identifying archeological and sedimental phytolith. However, the EPMA method of analyzing mounted slide phytoliths has not well been defined. In this study, we attempted different EPMA methods to determine the elemental compositions of phytoliths in mounted slides. Direct analysis of carbon (DAC) with other elements in phytolith could obtain abnormally high total v

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Dong, Haiyan, Xiaobei Wei, Rencheng Li, et al. "Burned phytoliths absorbing black carbon as a potential proxy for paleofire." Holocene 32, no. 5 (2022): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836221074033.

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Developing and refining fire proxies is paramount for reliable reconstructions and the inferences that they gain about fire in the Earth System. Burned phytolith index is an important tool for fire reconstruction. However, the source of the darkened color which appears on burned phytoliths is controversial and requires additional study to understand the relationship between phytolith characteristics and fire activity. By simulating burning of six grass species under open conditions, we extracted phytoliths from the ashes using a microwave digestion method. Then, we measured the carbon content

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Min, Hyun-Gi, Min-Suk Kim, and Jeong-Gyu Kim. "Effect of Soil Water Contents on Arsenic Accumulation in Phytoliths of Pteris multifida and Phragmites australis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412518.

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The accumulation of metal(loid)s in phytoliths can physically immobilize the toxic materials and reduce toxicity in plant bodies and soil. Spider brake (Pteris multifida) is a well-known As hyperaccumulator that also harbors phytolith. However, As accumulation in phytoliths has not yet been studied with P. multifida. Soil water content is considered the main factor influencing phytolith accumulation. In this study, the As concentration in the phytoliths of P. multifida was compared with that in common reed (Phragmites australis) phytoliths with various soil water content. The range of As conce

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Luo, Guomi, Chengyao Liu, Rui Xu, et al. "Comparison of Phytolith Characteristics of Three Bamboo Species’ Cotyledon Organs." Plants 14, no. 8 (2025): 1174. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14081174.

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Phytoliths are widely used in plant taxonomy, paleoecology, soil silicon cycling, and agricultural archaeology. Bamboo has a strong capacity for silicon absorption, and there are some phytoliths in various organs. In this paper, the leaf organs (leaf blade, leaf sheath, culm sheath, and culm blade) of three kinds of bamboos [B. vulgaris (Bambusa vulgaris), B. tulda (Bambusa tulda), and B. dolichoclada (Bambusa dolichoclada)] were studied; the content, concentration, particle size distribution, and morphological characteristics of phytoliths in leaf organs were analyzed to explore the differenc

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Honaine, Mariana Fernández, Alejandro F. Zucol, and Margarita L. Osterrieth. "Phytolith analysis of Cyperaceae from the Pampean region, Argentina." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 6 (2009): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09041.

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Cyperaceae, along with Poaceae, is the main silica accumulator. Although the anatomical-taxonomic and palaeobotanical relevance of phytoliths has been well established, there are no studies that deal with the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the phytolith production or differentiate phytoliths from the different organs in Cyperaceae. Toward the construction of a detailed database of phytolith production, we describe in the present paper the phytoliths of leaves, culms and fruits of Cyperaceae from Pampean region (Argentina). Phytoliths were extracted by a calcination technique. Qualitat

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Duan, Siyuan, Maobiao Li, Dongbo Xie, et al. "Silicon Deposition and Phytolith Morphological Variation in Culm Sheaths of Dendrocalamus brandisii at Different Growth Stages." Plants 14, no. 6 (2025): 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060841.

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Bamboo is an efficient silicon accumulator with diverse phytolith morphotypes and composition. The bamboo culm sheath, traditionally considered as a modified leaf, plays a key role in bamboo taxonomy and provides significant mechanical and physiological support for shoot development, but its silicon deposition and phytolith morphological variation remain underexplored. We investigated silicon variation and phytolith morphology in D. brandisii culm sheaths at different growth stages. The results showed that silicon deposition in D. brandisii culm sheaths at different growth stages was comparabl

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Ononyume, Martin Ogheneriruona, and Esther Aja Bassey Edu. "Effect of silicon application on four indigenous Zea mays L. varieties for agro-ecological carbon sequestration potential in Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 3 (2019): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3484251.

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<em>Phytoliths have the ability to sequester carbon during their formation in plants as a result of absorption of soluble silicon in the form of monosilicic acid in their tissues. The effect of silicon application on phytolith production in four locally farmed varieties of Zea mays L. was investigated in the botanical garden, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Four levels of silicon 0 mg, 2500 mg, 5000 mg, and 7500 mg were added to soil in polythene bags in which seeds of four varieties of Z. mays L.; 91 SUWANI, TZL COMP 4, DT STR Y SYN 2 and IWO SYN C2 were planted. Wet oxidation method was used

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Aleman, Julie C., Audrey Saint-Jean, Bérangère Leys, Christopher Carcaillet, Charly Favier, and Laurent Bremond. "Estimating phytolith influx in lake sediments." Quaternary Research 80, no. 2 (2013): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.05.008.

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So far, no phytolith extraction protocols have been tested for accuracy and repeatability. Here we aim to display a phytolith extraction method combining the strengths of two widely used protocols, supplemented with silica microspheres as exogenous markers for quantifying phytolith concentrations. Phytolith concentrations were estimated for samples from two sedimentary sequences in which numerical age–depth models make it possible to calculate phytolith influxes (phytolith numbers per cm2per yr). Analysis of replicates confirmed the statistical robustness, the repeatability and the very few bi

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Mulholland, Susan C., and George Rapp. "Characterization of Grass Phytoliths for Archaeological Analysis." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 3 (1989): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006317x.

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The word phytolith means “plant rocks.” Phytoliths are mineral deposits that form in and between plant cells. Any mineral deposit may be considered a phytolith, although most recent research has focused on opaline silica. Silica seems to be widespread in at least some plant families and is resistant to dissolution in a pH less than 9. Silica phytoliths therefore have the potential to be useful microfossils that can be helpful in the documentation of prehistoric environment and economy.Identifiable shapes rather than amorphous deposits are a necessary characteristic for useful microfossils. Sev

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Zhao, Taiyang, Mengsi Duan, Guomi Luo, et al. "Phytolith Characteristics in Leaves and Culm Sheaths of Three Sympodial Bamboo Genera (Bambusoideae) in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, China." Agronomy 15, no. 4 (2025): 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15040999.

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This study focused on the phytolith characteristics of leaves and culm sheaths from nine bamboo species across three genera (Bambusa Schreb., Gigantochloa Nees, and Dendrocalamus Kurz ex Munro) in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden. By analyzing phytolith content, concentration, particle size distribution, morphometric parameters of elongated saddle-type phytoliths, and phytolith–assemblage composition, we aimed to elucidate the distribution patterns and morphological features of phytoliths in clumping bamboos, thereby providing morphological evidence for genus-level classification wi

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14

McInerney, Francesca A., Caroline A. E. Strömberg, and James W. C. White. "The Neogene transition from C3 to C4 grasslands in North America: stable carbon isotope ratios of fossil phytoliths." Paleobiology 37, no. 1 (2011): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09068.1.

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C4 grasses form the foundation of warm-climate grasslands and savannas and provide important food crops such as corn, but their Neogene rise to dominance is still not fully understood. Carbon isotope ratios of tooth enamel, soil carbonate, carbonate cements, and plant lipids indicate a late Miocene-Pliocene (8–2 Ma) transition from C3 vegetation to dominantly C4 grasses at many sites around the world. However, these isotopic proxies cannot identify whether the C4 grasses replaced woody vegetation (trees and shrubs) or C3 grasses. Here we propose a method for reconstructing the carbon isotope r

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Ball, Terry B., Jack D. Brotherson, and John S. Gardner. "A typologic and morphometric study of variation in phytoliths from einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 9 (1993): 1182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-139.

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Variation between phytoliths produced in the laminae, inflorescence bracts, and culms of einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) were examined. Variation in the type of phytoliths produced and in the morphometries of the various types produced was evaluated. Morphometric data were obtained using computer-assisted image analysis. Types of phytoliths produced by various plant tissues included silica cell, large and small prickle, hair cell, trichome base, stomata, sheet element, long cell, and subepidermal cell phytoliths. Laterally dendriform subepidermal cell phytoliths were unique to inflorescence t

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Lada, N. Y. "Variety of forms of phytoliths of Kulunda soils and their phytocenotic affiliation." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 2 (2023): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023119.

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Phytoliths are an important component of soil and vegetation cover. Thanks to phytolith analysis, it is possible to identify vegetation cover after a long time. There is practically no information about the transition of amorphous silica in the form of phytoliths from plant mass to soil. This very important stage in the formation of the soil phytolith spectrum was considered in the works of N. K. Kiseleva. When studying the phytolith spectra of dominant grasses and sedges, she calculated the coefficient of their participation for the Mongolian steppes, and further she proposed the concept of “

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17

Gobetz, Katrina E., and Steven R. Bozarth. "Implications for Late Pleistocene Mastodon Diet from Opal Phytoliths in Tooth Calculus." Quaternary Research 55, no. 2 (2001): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2207.

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AbstractCalculus removed from the molar teeth of four American mastodons (Mammut americanum) contained opal phytoliths which reflect major dietary components. Three samples contained abundant grass phytoliths (ca. 86% of total), with long cells and trapezoidal pooid short cells dominant (ca. 25 and 31%, respectively). Dicot phytoliths from hackberry (Celtis sp.) seeds and indeterminate deciduous trees were rare (1–3%), though well preserved, whereas phytoliths from conifer trees were not recognizable in any of the samples. Comparative analysis of calculus from modern and fossil browsers and mi

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18

Lisztes-Szabó, Zsuzsa, Anna F. Filep, Attila Csík, Ákos Pető, Titanilla G. Kertész, and Mihály Braun. "pH-dependent silicon release from phytoliths of Norway spruce (Picea abies)." Journal of Paleolimnology 63, no. 1 (2019): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-019-00103-2.

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AbstractAccurate evaluation of the preservation state of fossil phytoliths in glacial lake sediments is important, as these microfossils are often used in paleoecological and archaeological studies. The characteristic phytolith type of the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) needle is a potential keystone in paleoecological studies. In this laboratory study, we investigated dissolution of Picea abies blocky type phytoliths, to simulate dissolution processes in sediments and soils and create reference material to compare with fossil phytoliths. Intact needles, needle ash, diatomite and sili

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Jattisha, P. I., and M. Sabu. "Phytoliths as a Tool for the Identification of Some Chloridoideae Grasses in Kerala." ISRN Botany 2012 (December 23, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/246057.

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The phytoliths of eight genera including fifteen species of grasses under the subfamily Chloridoideae in Kerala were studied. Phytoliths were studied after chemical isolation. Every species was found to produce a diverse array of phytoliths. However the frequency assemblages of phytoliths, their size, and orientation in the epidermal layer appear to vary among the different species and hence can be used for the delimitation of the taxa. Consequently, an identification key following the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature was developed for all the species studied.

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Solomonova, Marina Yu., Tatiana A. Zhembrovskaya, Alena D. Lyashchenko, Sergey D. Kotov, and Natalia Yu. Speranskaya. "Environmental impact on phytolith morphometric parameters by example crenate morphotype of Dactylis glomerata L. leaves (South of Western Siberia, Russia)." Acta Biologica Sibirica 9 (November 13, 2023): 953–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101537.

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Morphometric parameters of phytoliths are effectively applied in identifying fossil remains of cultivated grass species. The research of intraspecific trait variation it phytolith size and shape will expand the possibilities of applying morphometric studies. The aim of the study is to assess the degree of intraspecific variability of <i>D. glomerata</i> crenate phytoliths in response to coenotic and climatic factors. 6 habitats have been studied in the south of Western Siberia (Kulunda lowland and Altai mountains). A high amplitude of intraspecific and intrapopulation variability of morphometr

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Solomonova, M. Yu, T. A. Zhembrovskaya, A. D. Lyashchenko, and S. D. Kotov. "The effect of plant size on the phytoliths characteristics of short cells in the leaf epidermis of Dactylis glomerata L." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 2 (2023): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023153.

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The present study is devoted to the revision of the influence of plant organs size on the size of phytoliths. Phytolith size parameters are used to identify cultivated grasses species in archaeological sites. Understanding how these characteristics are variable is necessary in such studies. The study of the variability of the phytoliths morphometric parameters will increase the possibilities of their use in plant systematics. The article presents a correlation analysis between the average values of the morphometric characteristics of Dactylis glomerata phytoliths from six different habitats wi

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Hošková, Kristýna, Jiří Neustupa, Petr Pokorný, and Adéla Pokorná. "Phylogenetic, ecological and intraindividual variability patterns in grass phytolith shape." Annals of Botany 129, no. 3 (2021): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab143.

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Abstract Background and Aims Grass silica short cell (GSSC) phytoliths appear to be the most reliable source of fossil evidence for tracking the evolutionary history and paleoecology of grasses. In recent years, modern techniques that quantitatively assess phytolith shape variation have widened opportunities for the classification of grass fossil phytoliths. However, phylogenetic, ecological and intraindividual variability patterns in phytolith shape remain largely unexplored. Methods The full range of intraindividual phytolith shape variation [3650 two-dimensional (2-D) outlines] from 73 exta

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Badgal, Priya, Poonam Chowdhary, Mudassir Ahmad Bhat, and Amarjit Singh Soodan. "Phytolith profile of Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi (Cynodonteae, Chloridoideae, Poaceae)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263721.

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Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne. ex Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi of the subfamily Chloridoideae of the family Poaceae is an economically important grass species. Grasses are characterized by deposits of silica in the cells or tissues in the form of phytoliths which protect them from various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Owing to variable shape and specificity of morphotypes, phytolith helps in taxonomical studies, reconstruction of paleoenvironments and prediction of climate changes. The present study focussed on developing a phytolith profile of the selected species. For isolation of phytoli

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Santos, Guaciara M., Anne Alexandre, Heloisa H. G. Coe, Paul E. Reyerson, John R. Southon, and Cacilda N. De Carvalho. "The Phytolith 14C Puzzle: A Tale of Background Determinations and Accuracy Tests." Radiocarbon 52, no. 1 (2010): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045070.

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Over the past decades, analysis of occluded carbon in phytoliths (opaline silica mineral bodies that form in and between plant cells) has become a workhorse of paleoclimate and archaeological studies. Since different plant types exhibit distinctive phytolith morphologies, their assemblages are used in identifying vegetation histories or food culture adaptations. A few direct radiocarbon AMS measurements of phytoliths have been carried out, but these measurements are difficult due to the low concentrations of phytoliths in some plant species, and the small amount of C per phytolith (<2%). In

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Abdul Shakoor, Sheikh, and Mudassir Ahmad Bhat. "Phytoliths as Emerging Taxonomic Tools for Identification of Plants: An Overview." Journal of Botany 2014 (May 29, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/318163.

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In the recent advancements in identification of plant species, phytoliths have found an immense role in the identification of plants at different levels of taxonomic hierarchy. Many plant groups are known to accumulate silica in solid form in and between the cells and tissues and hence create the structures commonly known as phytoliths. These phytoliths create replicas of the structures where they are deposited. The shapes of phytolith replicas, their size dimensions (morphometric parameters), surface features (ornamentation), distribution, and orientation pattern in epidermal layers of vegeta

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Evett, Rand R., Ernesto Franco-Vizcaino, and Scott L. Stephens. "Phytolith evidence for the absence of a prehistoric grass understory in a Jeffrey pine – mixed conifer forest in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Mexico." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (2007): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-240.

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Phytolith analysis was applied to several sites in a Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) – mixed conifer forest in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico, to explore the hypothesis that the introduction of livestock in the late 18th century led to overgrazing of a prehistoric grass understory, resulting in changes to the prehistoric fire regime observed in the tree-ring fire-scar record. Stable soils in regions with extensive prehistoric grass cover retain a high concentration of total phytoliths and high percentage of grass phytoliths, regardless of historic vegetat

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Carver, Melanie R., Terry Ball, John S. Gardner, and Kali M. Erickson. "SEM study of phytoliths produced by grasses indigenous to the desert experimental range in southwestern utah." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100162880.

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The USDA Desert Experimental Range Station located in southwestern Utah has been conducting an ongoing investigation into the effects of grazing on the ecology of the region, The study reported herein is a preliminary effort to determine if phytolith analysis can be used to gain insight into the ecology of the region prior to the 60 year period over which records have been kept.Phytoliths are solid deposits of silicon dioxide that form at specific intracellular and extracellular locations in many plant taxa. Grasses produce phytoliths with morphological characteristics diagnostic of their taxa

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Octina, Rooseline Linda. "Hasil Analisis Mikrofosil Tumbuhan (phytolith) Situs Wineki dan Padang Hadoa, di Kawasan Lembah Besoa, Sulawesi Tengah." KALPATARU 26, no. 2 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kpt.v26i2.317.

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Phytoliths are plant microfossil made of silica that varies in shape and size. Variations of form happen when silica in soil is absorbed by plants then transported and deposited in various parts of plant cells. When the plant dies, the plant's organic matter decomposes and leaves the inorganic material of silica, which we know by the name of phytoliths. Silica can survive in various environmental conditions, That’s make phytoliths are important data for scientific research including archeology. Phytoliths analysis on soil samples from prehistoric Besoa Valley’s site aimed to reveal past enviro

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Mercader, Julio, Tim Bennett, Chris Esselmont, Steven Simpson, and Dale Walde. "Soil phytoliths from miombo woodlands in Mozambique." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (2011): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.09.008.

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AbstractThis paper describes topsoil phytolith assemblages from 25 loci underneath miombo woodlands on an eco-transect intersecting the Mozambican Rift along a geographical, altitudinal, climatic and botanical gradient. We provide the first comprehensive overview of the phytolith spectrum that defines northern Mozambique's Zambezian floristic zone. Our classifying criteria derive from comparison with previously described and quantified reference collections of trees and grasses growing in the study area. We characterize the sedimentological and soil features of the matrices where phytoliths ar

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Alonso-Eguiluz, Mónica, Sarah Lo Russo, Luc Vrydaghs, et al. "Two methods, two views: Integrating phytoliths in thin sections and bulk samples on the urban Dark Earths from the DIVA-site (Antwerp, Belgium)." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0320122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320122.

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Traditionally, phytolith analyses are carried out by extraction from bulk (sediment) samples. This technique provides valuable information, not only on the morphological and/or taxonomic assignment of phytoliths, but also on their concentration (quantitative analysis). However, extraction leads to the loss of the (micro-)context in which they are embedded. Over the past 20 years, the study of phytoliths in soil thin sections has proven to be a consistent method. As phytoliths are neither removed from their sedimentary matrix nor artificially concentrated, their analysis provides information on

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Gao, Guizai, Dongmei Jie, Lidan Liu, et al. "Assessment and calibration of representational bias in soil phytolith assemblages in Northeast China and its implications for paleovegetation reconstruction." Quaternary Research 90, no. 1 (2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.5.

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AbstractThe assessment and calibration of representational bias in modern soil phytolith assemblages provide the basis for improving interpretation of fossil phytolith assemblages. We studied soil phytolith representation by comparing phytoliths from living plant communities with those from paired surface soils, representing 39 plant communities in Northeast China. Together with the use of representation indices, the 34 and 30 soil morphotypes observed in forest and grassland samples, respectively, were both classified into the following four groups: “Associated types” were similarly represent

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Crutcher, Russ, and Heidie Crutcher. "Thermally Modified Calcium Oxalate Phytoliths as Markers for Biomass Fire Sources." Microscope 68, no. 1 (2020): 3–16. https://doi.org/10.59082/qimk8305.

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Calcium oxalate phytoliths are present in more than 217 different families of plants. They concentrate in the bark and leaves, which are also the parts of plants that are consumed in wildfires and contain the highest ash content. Phytoliths have a variety of shapes, forms, or crystal habits based on the plant part where they occur and the genetics of the plant. The shape of the phytoliths are retained even after exposure to high temperature that changes their chemical composition and alters the optical properties of the phytolith. Thermally modified calcium oxalate phytoliths indicate the type

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Alexandre, Anne, Elizabeth Webb, Amaelle Landais, et al. "Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity." Biogeosciences 16, no. 23 (2019): 4613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4613-2019.

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Abstract. Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter, but there is a lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model–data comparisons. Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations have laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen isotope composition (δ′18O and 17O-excess) of phytoliths, that can preserve in sediments, as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However, it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact δ′18O and 17O-excess of plant water and phytoliths be examined. Here, the

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Mercader, Julio, Siobhán Clarke, Mariam Bundala, et al. "Soil and plant phytoliths from the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics at Oldupai Gorge (Tanzania)." PeerJ 7 (December 11, 2019): e8211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8211.

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This article studies soil and plant phytoliths from the Eastern Serengeti Plains, specifically the Acacia-Commiphora mosaics from Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania, as present-day analogue for the environment that was contemporaneous with the emergence of the genus Homo. We investigate whether phytolith assemblages from recent soil surfaces reflect plant community structure and composition with fidelity. The materials included 35 topsoil samples and 29 plant species (20 genera, 15 families). Phytoliths were extracted from both soil and botanical samples. Quantification aimed at discovering relationships

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Winkler, Daniela E., Ellen Schulz-Kornas, Thomas M. Kaiser, Annelies De Cuyper, Marcus Clauss, and Thomas Tütken. "Forage silica and water content control dental surface texture in guinea pigs and provide implications for dietary reconstruction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 4 (2019): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814081116.

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Recent studies have shown that phytoliths are softer than dental enamel but still act as abrasive agents. Thus, phytolith content should be reflected in dental wear. Because native phytoliths show lower indentation hardness than phytoliths extracted by dry ashing, we propose that the hydration state of plant tissue will also affect dental abrasion. To assess this, we performed a controlled feeding experiment with 36 adult guinea pigs, fed exclusively with three different natural forages: lucerne, timothy grass, and bamboo with distinct phytolith/silica contents (lucerne < grass < bamboo)

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Phakeenuya, Vanarat, Diana Jose, Punyanuch Kunmanee, et al. "Effect of silica fertilizer on accumulation of phytolith in rice plant and soil." E3S Web of Conferences 610 (2025): 03003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561003003.

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Phytoliths, silica structures formed in plant tissues, significantly contribute to carbon capture by stabilizing organic carbon within their structures and aiding long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Phytoliths play a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and improving soil properties. This study investigates the impact of two types of silica fertilizers—silicic acid and sodium metasilicate —on the accumulation of phytoliths in rice plants and soil. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, with rice plants, RD43 cultivar, receiving appli

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Outrequin, Clément, Anne Alexandre, Christine Vallet-Coulomb, et al. "The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths, a new proxy of atmospheric relative humidity: controls of soil water isotope composition, temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and relative humidity." Climate of the Past 17, no. 5 (2021): 1881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1881-2021.

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Abstract. Continental atmospheric relative humidity is a major climate parameter whose variability is poorly understood by global climate models. Models' improvement relies on model–data comparisons for past periods. However, there are no truly quantitative indicators of relative humidity for the pre-instrumental period. Previous studies highlighted a quantitative relationship between the triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths, particularly the 17O excess of phytoliths, and atmospheric relative humidity. Here, as part of a series of calibrations, we examine the respective controls of

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Xu, Yanyan, Caiming Shen, Min Wang, et al. "Modern Lacustrine Phytoliths and their Relationships with Vegetation and Climate in Western Yunnan, SW China." Forests 15, no. 7 (2024): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15071163.

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As a plant kingdom and a biodiversity hotspot, Yunnan is a key region for our understanding of modern and past global changes in biodiversity and environment. As proxies of vegetation and climate, phytoliths have become increasingly important in ecological and paleoecological studies. In this study, phytolith analysis was carried out on samples of surface sediments from 70 lakes in western Yunnan, southwest China. These lakes are surrounded by modern vegetation types including broadleaved and coniferous forests, scrubs, grasslands, meadows, and alpine vegetation. The results of this study show

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Dai, Cefeng, Rui Xu, Lixia Yu, et al. "Silicon Uptake and Phytolith Morphology in Dendrocalamus brandisii Seedling Leaf from Different Rearing Methods." Forests 14, no. 9 (2023): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091877.

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The moisture, ash, and silicon content, as well as the phytolith morphotype and concentration in the tissue-cultured, seed-cultured, and grafted seedling leaves of Dendrocalamus brandisii were determined to investigate the differences in silicon uptake and phytolith morphology in the leaves from different rearing methods. The results showed that ash, silicon content, and phytolith concentration were higher in the mature leaves. Tissue-cultured seedlings had a significantly higher moisture content than grafted seedlings. Ash and silicon demonstrated the same order of grafted seedlings > tiss

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PI., Jattisha, and Sabu M. "Characterisation of Phytolith Production and Their Taxonomic Use among Five Species of Aristida." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 04, no. 04 (2021): 273–78. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i4-05.

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Phytoliths are amorphous silicon dioxide depositions in and around the cells of certain plants. Phytoliths of Poaceae are of great importance in the field of taxonomy and Archeology. Present study confirms the use of phytolith characters in the delimitation of <em>Aristida</em> species. Five species of Aristida were included in the study. Various characters like presence or absence of prickle hairs, nature of margins in lobate phytoliths, shank length in relation to the length of lobes etc. proved to be promising characters in the delimitation of the taxa. A taxonomic key to the iden

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Mulholland, Susan C., George Rapp Jr., and Amy L. Ollendorf. "Variation in phytoliths from corn leaves." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 10 (1988): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-273.

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This paper examines variation of phytoliths in leaves of corn (Zea mays L.) as part of an ongoing project to establish accurate, reliable, phytolith "signatures." Factors investigated include leaf part, individual plant, leaf node, geographic location, and corn variety. Counts of 100 phytoliths were made on 24 separate samples, classifying shapes into dumbbell, cross, and irregular categories. Resulting assemblages were compared using chi-square and NANOVA test statistics. Results indicate that different leaf parts and corn varieties significantly affect phytolith assemblages. Base, midsection

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Tyree, E. Loeta. "Phytolith analysis of olive oil and wine sediments for possible identification in archaeology." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (1994): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-067.

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Phytoliths are microscopic, amorphous silica or crystalline, inclusions of plant origin that can be of diagnostic value in an archaeological context. This study demonstrated that distinct phytoliths can be extracted from two major extant and ancient crop species: olive (Olea europaea L.) and grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Nonacid digestion of leaves and fruits of two Greek olive cultivars (Megareitiki and Kothreiki) and a Greek grape cultivar (Agiorgitiko) showed that olive and grape contained distinctly different calcium phytoliths and that olive fruit flesh and stone contained sclereids. Olive o

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Lisztes-Szabó, Zsuzsa, Szilvia Kovács, Péter Balogh, Lajos Daróczi, Károly Penksza, and Ákos Pető. "Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 84, no. 3 (2015): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2015.027.

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<p>The taxonomic value of phytolith assemblages and their degree of variability within different species of the same genus is still an undervalued issue in the botanical range of phytolith studies. However the understanding of grass phytolith variance and its implications to plant systematics is doubtless.</p><p>In the present study phytoliths of the lateral shoots (leaves) of nine, globally distributed <em>Poa</em> species (Pooideae – Poaceae) are described. Phytoliths were recovered from <em>Poa</em> specimens by the dry ashing technique. Altogether

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Speranskaya, Natalia Y., Tatyana A. Zhembrovskaya, and Daria G. Bobkova. "Comparative analysis of phytolith spectra of steppe and forest phytocoenoses ." Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (December 15, 2021): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e78448.

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The primary research goal is to identify differences and diagnostic features of the phytolith spectra of the steppe and forest phytocoenoses. The paper presents the research results of recent soils from various communities. The authors employ the phytolith analysis method. The isolation of phytoliths from recent soils has been carried out with the help of the maceration method and from plants &ndash; the dry ashing method. The authors counted the phytoliths using the Olympus BX-51 light microscope. Additionally, the authors have compiled the spectra using the 2C software. The paper compare

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Speranskaya, Natalia Y., Tatyana A. Zhembrovskaya, and Daria G. Bobkova. "Comparative analysis of phytolith spectra of steppe and forest phytocoenoses ." Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (December 15, 2021): 505–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e78448.

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The primary research goal is to identify differences and diagnostic features of the phytolith spectra of the steppe and forest phytocoenoses. The paper presents the research results of recent soils from various communities. The authors employ the phytolith analysis method. The isolation of phytoliths from recent soils has been carried out with the help of the maceration method and from plants – the dry ashing method. The authors counted the phytoliths using the Olympus BX-51 light microscope. Additionally, the authors have compiled the spectra using the 2C software. The paper compares th

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Mercader, Julio, Freya Runge, Luc Vrydaghs, Hughes Doutrelepont, Corneille E. N. Ewango, and Jordi Juan-Tresseras. "Phytoliths from Archaeological Sites in the Tropical Forest of Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (2000): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2150.

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Phytoliths record late Quaternary vegetation at three archaeological sites in the Ituri rain forest. The oldest deposits, dated to ca. 19,000 to 10,000 14C yr B.P., contain abundant phytoliths of grasses but also enough arboreal forms to show that the landscape was forested. The late-glacial forests may have had a more open canopy than today's. Younger phytolith assemblages show that the northeast Congo basin was densely forested throughout the Holocene. Archaeological materials among the phytoliths show that people lived in this region during the Pleistocene. Therefore, Pleistocene and Holoce

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Li, Nannan, Dorothy Sack, Guizai Gao, et al. "Holocene Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae-dominated grassland in North China: Real or imaginary?" Holocene 28, no. 5 (2017): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617744268.

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The Songnen grasslands were traditionally thought to be dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae plants as early as the late Pleistocene. However, increasing evidence has called that interpretation into question. To shed new light on the paleovegetation evolution of the arid and semi-arid steppe in North China, phytolith assemblages preserved in the region’s sand-paleosol sequence (section Daike) are used as a proxy for paleovegetation structure. Results show that both the sand and paleosol layers in the Songnen grassland sections contain well-preserved phytoliths attributed to different fami

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Thorn, Vanessa C. "New Zealand sub-Antarctic phytoliths and their potential for past vegetation reconstruction." Antarctic Science 20, no. 1 (2007): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000727.

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AbstractPhytoliths in the modern vegetation of sub-Antarctic Campbell Island are compared with those in the soil beneath to assess the accuracy of vegetation reconstructions made from dispersed phytolith assemblages. The soil phytoliths alone suggest the source vegetation is a grassland association for all study sites, which reflects none of the herb, fern or shrub component of the overlying vegetation. It is concluded that at this locality dispersed phytoliths on their own are not reliable indicators of source vegetation and should be used with caution in this context for palaeoecological stu

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Speranskaya, N. Yu, M. Yu Solomonova, M. M. Silantyeva, Yu V. Genrih та M. S. Blinnikov. "Фитолиты злаков Северного Алтая". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, № 1 (2018): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_278.

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<p>The article presents the results of analysis of the phytolith composition of cereals in the Northern Altai. Some 23 species of <em>Poaceae</em> have been studied. For each species, we analyzed a set of silicon particles in leaves, stems, and generative structures. We selected from 22 to 27 significant morphotypes of phytoliths, depending on their morphological affinity. Our results were compared with the wetting factor. We also analyzed the ratio of the composition of phytoliths of cereals and their ecological (edaphotopic) groups and life forms. We founded the correlation

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Solomonova, M. Yu, and S. D. Kotov. "Variability in size and shape of polylobed leaf phytoliths in three populations of Dactylis glomerata L." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, no. 2 (2022): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022080.

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The article presents the results of morphometric study of polylobed trapeziform phytoliths of the leaf epidermis of Dactylis glomerata. The relevance of the study lies in the difficulty of establishing the limit of phytolith variability when using morphometry for paleoecological purposes. The studies were performed according to the recommendations of the International Committee for Phytolith Morphometry using the ImageJ software and its PhytolithsBatch plugin. For the first time, the characteristics of the parameters of the size and shape of polylobed trapeziform phytoliths are given. Previous

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