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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phytopathogenic organisms biological control

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Academic literature on the topic 'Phytopathogenic organisms biological control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phytopathogenic organisms biological control"

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Lopes Filho, Luiz Cesar, Willian Marques Pires, Walber Alves Ribeiro, Murillo Lobo Junior, Mônica Francisca Aparecida Araújo Ribeiro, and Janaina Alves De Almeida Moreira. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: A QUICK LOOK IN THE ADVANCES OVER 30 YEARS." Científic@ - Multidisciplinary Journal 5, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29247/2358-260x.2018v5i3.p180-186.

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Biological control is still quite debatable and questioned, especially by producers who still do not see it as a viable and cheap alternative to the control of various types of diseases. Its beginning in the Brazilian market was quite contradictory, mainly due to the false premise that biological control could isolatedly control several diseases. It is known today that biological control, like any other form of disease control, must be associated with another or other types of control to be successful, especially over time. Biological control has emerged as an excellent alternative to control some types of diseases, mainly associated to soil, as in the case of phytopathogenic nematodes and soil fungi. It is easily sold for its lower toxicity and similar effectiveness in certain cases to chemical control. Currently several products from reputable companies can deliver excellent results, provided that the rules of use are followed. Thus, this brief look at the advances achieved by biological control over 30 years, aims to synthesize some knowledge and reflect on the state of the art of this type of control and the directions that will probably be taken about the use of living and antagonistic organisms for the control of diseases in plant organisms. Keywords: biological control; technologic advances; alternative control.

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Yazid, Siti Nur Ezzati, Selamat Jinap, Siti Izera Ismail, Naresh Magan, and Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin. "Phytopathogenic organisms and mycotoxigenic fungi: Why do we control one and neglect the other? A biological control perspective in Malaysia." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 19, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 643–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12541.

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3

Valdés-Santiago, Laura, José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez, Claudia Geraldine León-Ramírez, and José Ruiz-Herrera. "Polyamine Metabolism in Fungi with Emphasis on Phytopathogenic Species." Journal of Amino Acids 2012 (August 22, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/837932.

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Polyamines are essential metabolites present in all living organisms, and this subject has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide interested in defining their mode of action in the variable cell functions in which they are involved, from growth to development and differentiation. Although the mechanism of polyamine synthesis is almost universal, different biological groups show interesting differences in this aspect that require to be further analyzed. For these studies, fungi represent interesting models because of their characteristics and facility of analysis. During the last decades fungi have contributed to the understanding of polyamine metabolism. The use of specific inhibitors and the isolation of mutants have allowed the manipulation of the pathway providing information on its regulation. During host-fungus interaction polyamine metabolism suffers striking changes in response to infection, which requires examination. Additionally the role of polyamine transporter is getting importance because of its role in polyamine regulation. In this paper we analyze the metabolism of polyamines in fungi, and the difference of this process with other biological groups. Of particular importance is the difference of polyamine biosynthesis between fungi and plants, which makes this process an attractive target for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

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Pawar, Shraddha, Ambalal Chaudhari, Ratna Prabha, Renu Shukla, and Dhananjaya P. Singh. "Microbial Pyrrolnitrin: Natural Metabolite with Immense Practical Utility." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090443.

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Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) is a microbial pyrrole halometabolite of immense antimicrobial significance for agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial implications. The compound and its derivatives have been isolated from rhizospheric fluorescent or non-fluorescent pseudomonads, Serratia and Burkholderia. They are known to confer biological control against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, and thus offer strong plant protection prospects against soil and seed-borne phytopathogenic diseases. Although chemical synthesis of PRN has been obtained using different steps, microbial production is still the most useful option for producing this metabolite. In many of the plant-associated isolates of Serratia and Burkholderia, production of PRN is dependent on the quorum-sensing regulation that usually involves N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducer signals. When applied on the organisms as antimicrobial agent, the molecule impedes synthesis of key biomolecules (DNA, RNA and protein), uncouples with oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitotic division and hampers several biological mechanisms. With its potential broad-spectrum activities, low phototoxicity, non-toxic nature and specificity for impacts on non-target organisms, the metabolite has emerged as a lead molecule of industrial importance, which has led to developing cost-effective methods for the biosynthesis of PRN using microbial fermentation. Quantum of work narrating focused research efforts in the emergence of this potential microbial metabolite is summarized here to present a consolidated, sequential and updated insight into the chemistry, biology and applicability of this natural molecule.

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Carreras S., Bertha. "Aplicaciones de la bacteria entomopatógena Bacillus thuringiensis en el control de fitopatógenos." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 12, no. 2 (November 23, 2011): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol12_num2_art:222.

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<p>El uso excesivo de plaguicidas químicos provoca resis tencia en los fitopatógenos, influencia negativa sobre el ambiente y la salud humana, por lo que se impone la implantación de estrategias de control de microorganismos benéficos, como Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. y otros agentes promisorios. Bacillus thuringiensis es el insecticida biológico más utilizado en el mundo para controlar diversos insectos y organismos plaga que afectan la agricultura, la actividad forestal y que transmiten patógenos a humanos y animales. En Cuba, los productos a base de B. thuringiensis se obtienen y se utilizan desde la década de los setenta del pasado siglo, y representan más del 40% de todos los controles biológicos. Actualmente, en el Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV) se cuenta con cepas de esta especie con efectos contra diferentes insectos y organismos plaga, lo cual permite disponer de una colección que cubre un espectro de numerosas plagas que afectan varios cultivos agrícolas; sin embargo, a pesar de la especificidad, virulencia, seguridad y potencia de estas cepas contra organismos patógenos, su potencial antifúngico es desconocido, aunque se sabe que esta bacteria produce una gran diversidad de metabolitos que resultan inhibitorios de hongos fitopatógenos. En esta revisión se citan las aplicaciones de B. thuringiensis en el control de organismos fitopatógenos y de la misma se deriva la importancia de explorar estas potencialidades en las cepas que conforman la colección de B. thuringiensis del INISAV como una alternativa más al control de fitopatógenos en Cuba.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Applications of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis to control phytopathogens.</strong></p><p>The overuse of chemical pesticides causes esistance in phytopathogens and negative influences on the environment and human health; therefore, the implementation of control strategies of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and other promising agents is compelling. Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biological insecticide in the world; it controls various insects and pests that affect agriculture and forestry and transmit pathogens to humans and animals. In Cuba, products based on B. thuringiensis were obtained and have been used since the 1970s, and they represent over 40% of all biological controls. Currently, the Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV) has various strains of this species that affect insects and pest organisms in different ways. This means they have a collection that covers a wide spectrum of the many diseases affecting various agricultural crops at their disposal. However, in spite of the recognized specificity, virulence, safety, and potency of these strains against pathogens, their antifungal potential is unknown, although it is known that this bacterium produces a variety of metabolites that inhibit fungal pathogens. In this review, we explore applications B. thuringiensis to control plant pathogenic organisms; from this, we derive the importance of exploring this potential in strains that make up the INISAV collection of B. thuringiensis as an alternative method to control plant pathogens in Cuba.</p>

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Kolomiets, T., L. Pankratova, Z. Mukhina, D. Kassanelly, T. Matveeva, D. Bogomaz, and D. Berner. "First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Periconia igniaria on Yellow Starthistle in Russia." Plant Disease 92, no. 6 (June 2008): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-6-0983a.

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Yellow starthistle (YST), Centaurea solstitialis L., is a weedy plant that is widely distributed in the Krasnodar Region of Russia. It is also an aggressive invasive weed in the western United States and a target of biological control efforts. In the summer of 2006, several hundred diseased plants were found near Taman, Russia. Symptoms of the disease were yellow, water-soaked leaf spots. Diseased leaves were collected, air dried, and sent to the Russian State Collection of Phytopathogenic Organisms at the All Russia Institute of Phytopathology (ARIP). The fungus isolated from the diseased leaves conformed to Periconia igniaria E.W. Mason & M.B. Ellis (teleomorph Didymosphaeria igniaria C. Booth) (1). Colonies of the fungus grew rapidly on potato glucose nutrition medium with aerial mycelium from fluffy to pressed and colorless at the beginning and darkening to black with age. The medium side of the colonies gradually became violet purple to wine colored. Conidiophores had aerial mycelia as much as 550 μm long and 9 to 13 μm wide tapering to 6 to 10 μm. Conidiophores were dark with short, swollen branched stipes. Conidia, formed in short twisted chains, were spherical, dark brown, 7 to 9 μm in diameter, and covered by 1 μm long spines. Yellow starthistle plants were grown in growth chambers with day/night air temperatures of 26 to 28/20 to 22°C, 60 to 70% relative air humidity, and 10,000 lx light for 16 h. Fifteen plants in the rosette stage were spray inoculated with an aqueous suspension of P. igniaria conidia at 5 × 106 conidia/ml and 5 ml per plant. Disease on leaves was observed on all plants 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation when the plants started to bolt. When the plants reached flowering stage, diffused yellow spots were observed on stems and inflorescences and all flowers died. Diseased leaves were surface disinfested and put on potato saccharose nutrition medium. P. igniaria was reisolated from 3 to 5 leaves of each plant and from flowers and stems that developed from 10 inoculated rosettes. Flowers of 10 YST plants were also inoculated with P. igniaria isolated from the previously inoculated plants. Disease developed in the flowers of all inoculated plants, and the symptoms were identical to those observed when rosettes were inoculated and disease followed bolting and flowering. No symptoms developed on four noninoculated plants included in each test. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the fungus were obtained and compared with sequences from GenBank. An uncultured soil fungus and three isolates of P. macrospinosa Lefebvre & Aar.G. Johnson produced the best homology (96%). No sequences for P. igniaria were available for comparison, but the description of P. macrospinosa (conidia 18 to 32 μm in diameter with 2.5 to 6 μm long spines) is clearly different than our isolate. ITS sequences for our isolate have been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. EU367468) and a voucher specimen has been deposited with the U.S. National Fungus Collection (BPI 878355). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. igniaria causing disease on YST. Live cultures are being maintained at the Russian State Collection of Phytopathogenic Organisms in ARIP. Reference: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, UK, 1971.

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Eskandari, F. M., D. K. Berner, J. Kashefi, and L. Strieth. "First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by a Cercosporella sp. on Centaurea solstitialis in Greece." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (December 2004): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1382a.

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Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle [YST]), family Asteraceae, an invasive weed in California and the western United States is targeted for biological control. During the spring of 2004, an epidemic of dying YST plants was found near Kozani, Greece (40°22′07″N, 21°52′35″E, 634 m elevation). Rosettes of YST had small, brown leaf spots on most of the lower leaves. In many cases, these spots coalesced and resulted in necrosis of many of the leaves and death of the rosette. Along the roadside where the disease was found, >100 of the YST plants showed disease symptoms. Diseased plants were collected, air dried, and sent to the quarantine facility of the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU), USDA, ARS, Fort Detrick, MD. Diseased leaves were surface disinfested and placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes. Conidiophores and conidia were observed after 48 h. The fungal isolate, DB04-011, was isolated from these diseased leaves. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spray inoculating the foliage of 20 4-week-old YST rosettes with an aqueous suspension of 1 × 106 conidia per ml. Conidia were harvested from 2-week-old cultures grown on modified potato carrot agar (MPCA). Inoculated plants were placed in an environmental chamber at 23°C with 8 h of daily light and continuous dew for 48 h. Inoculated and control plants were moved to a 20°C greenhouse bench and watered twice per day. After 7 days, leaf spots were observed first on lower leaves. After 10–12 days, all inoculated plants showed typical symptoms of the disease. No symptoms developed on control plants. The pathogen, DB04-011, was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves of all inoculated plants. Disease symptoms were scattered, amphigenous leaf spots in circular to subcircular spots that were 0.2 to 7 mm in diameter and brownish with distinct dark green margins. Intraepidermal stromata, 14 to 77 μm in diameter and pale yellow to brown, were formed within the spots. Conidiophores that arose from the stromata were straight, subcylindrical, simple, 70 to 95 × 2.8 to 4 μm, hyaline, smooth, and continuous or septate with conidial scars that were somewhat thickened, colorless, and refractive. Primary conidia were subcylindrical, slightly obclavate or fusiform, ovoid, 21 to 49 × 5 to 7.5 μm, 0 to 5 septate, hyaline, smooth, had a relatively rounded apex, and the hilum was slightly thickened. Conidial dimensions on MPCA were 11.2 to 39.2 × 4.2 to 7 μm (average 25.5 × 5.5 μm). Koch's postulates were repeated two more times with 20 and 16 plants. On the basis of fungal morphology, the organism was identified as a Cercosporella sp., (1,2; U. Braun and N. Ale-Agha, personal communication). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this genus of fungus parasitizing YST. Results of host range tests will establish if this isolate of Cercosporella has potential as a biological control agent of YST in the United States. A voucher specimen has been deposited with the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 844247). Live cultures are being maintained at FDWSRU and European Biological Control Laboratoryt (EBCL), Greece. References: (1) U. Braun. A Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) Vol. 1. IHW-Verlage, Eching-by-Munich, 1995. (2) U. Braun. A Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera (Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) Vol. 2. IHW-Verlage, 1998.

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Semenchenko, H. I., A. V. Melnyk, and V. F. Zavertalyuk. "The effectiveness of compatible agrophytocenoses depending on the allelopathic interaction of plants." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_167.

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The main criteria for the functioning of agronomic phytocoenosis are indicators of their economic and energy efficiency. In particular, the issues of manufacturability and rational use of sown areas during the growing season characterize the level of agronomic culture in a particular geographical area. Under these conditions, it is important to study the possibility of joint cultivation of agricultural plants, which will reduce energy consumption, improve the phytosanitary condition of crops and increase the profitability of agricultural production. When growing tomatoes in compatible crops, it is necessary to take into account not only aspects of technology, but also the interaction of plants with each other at the level of physiological and biochemical processes. That is why allelopathic relationship between plants, due to the physiologically active substances they secrete at the initial stage of ontogenesis, is not without the interest. It is the scientific basis for the development of sound crop rotation and mixed (compacted) crops, and also helps to increase the productivity of agro- and natural coenoses in order to prevent soil fatigue in monoculture, control weeds, pests, phytopathogenic organisms, etc. Allelopathic substances (collins) of some plant species cause different reactions to other species: some of them have active growth, others have suppressed growth processes, and still others remain neutral to such effects. The stimulating effect is manifested in the awakening of seeds, strengthening of growth processes and the formation of seedling organs. In future this fact will lead to the activation of plant development and an increase in their productivity. At the same time, mutual oppression of plants cannot be ruled out, which can be detected during laboratory studies using biological tests. Field studies of compatible (compacted) crops of tomato with other plants (sugar corn, shallots) were performed using allelopathic testing methods according to Grodzinsky. The expediency and economic efficiency of growing tomatoes in compatible crops with shallots on a green feather have been experimentally proved using statistical methods.

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Liu, Siyun, Weibin Ruan, Jing Li, Hua Xu, Jingan Wang, Yubao Gao, and Jingguo Wang. "Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Fatty Acids." Mycopathologia 166, no. 2 (April 29, 2008): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-008-9124-1.

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Labudova, Ivica, and Luba Gogorova. "Biological control of phytopathogenic fungi through lytic action ofTrichodermaspecies." FEMS Microbiology Letters 52, no. 3 (August 1988): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02594.x.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phytopathogenic organisms biological control"

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Liu, Fuhua. "Quantitative genetics of male-haploid organisms used for biological control." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35227.pdf.

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Morin, Louise. "Development of the field bindweed bioherbicide, Phomopsis convolvulus : spore production and disease development." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59614.

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Phomopsis convolvulus Ormeno, a foliar pathogen of field bindweed, is a good candidate to be developed as a bioherbicide. Large numbers of infective propagules were produced in shake-flask liquid fermentation with modified Richard's (V-8) medium and in solid-substrate fermentation with pearl barley grains. In complex liquid media, pycnidium-like structures were observed. Most conidia stored at $-$70$ sp circ$C remained viable and virulent for at least six months.
In controlled environment studies, a minimum of 18 hr of dew was required for severe disease development on inoculated plants. The addition of gelatin, Sorbo $ sp{ rm TM}$, or BOND$ sp{ rm TM}$ to the inoculum did not enhance the disease under various leaf wetness periods. A continuous dew period of 18 hr was superior to the cumulative effect of three interrupted 6 hr dew periods. Secondary inoculum was produced on diseased plants placed under moist conditions for 48 hr or more.
In greenhouse experiments, seedlings at the cotyledon and 3- to 5- leaf stage were severely diseased and killed when inoculated with 10$ sp9$ conidia/m$ sp2$. This inoculum density adversely affected the regenerative ability of 4 wk old seedlings and established plants, but few plants were killed. Inoculation of the healthy regrowth from plants previously inoculated with the fungus resulted in much less disease symptoms than expected.

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Zhang, Wenming. "Biological control of Echinochloa species with pathogenic fungi." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40293.

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Six pathogenic fungal species were isolated from naturally-infected Echinochloa species and evaluated as biological control agents for E. crus-galli, E. colona, and E. glabrescens in rice. Bipolaris sacchari, Curvularia geniculata, and Exserohilum monoceras were non-pathogenic to rice and caused high mortality of Echinochloa species. E. monoceras was selected for further study. Under regulated greenhouse conditions, an inoculum dose of 2.5 $ times$ 10$ sp7$ conidia/m$ sp2$ killed E. crus-galli and E. glabrescens seedlings while 5.0 $ times$ 10$ sp7$ conidia/m$ sp2$ caused 100% mortality of E. colona seedlings. The 1.5-leaf stage was the most susceptible growth stage for all three Echinochloa species. E. glabrescens was most susceptible to E. monoceras infection, E. crus-galli had an intermediate susceptibility, and E. colona was least susceptible. The optimum temperature for 100% mortality was between 20 and 30 C for all Echinochloa species, whereas the minimum dew period for 100% mortality was 16 h for E. colona, 12 h for E. crus-galli, and 8 h for E. glabrescens. Under screenhouse conditions and in the absence of an artificial dew period, over 90% of Echinochloa seedlings were killed when inoculum was sprayed in an oil emulsion or when applied as a dry powder to the water surface of a simulated paddy field. Maximum conidia production occurred on V-8 juice agar or centrifuged V-8 juice agar, at 28 C in the dark. No conidia were produced in liquid media. Of various agricultural products tested as solid substrates, the highest sporulation (1.81 $ times$ 10$ sp6$ conidia/g dry weight) occurred on corn leaves. Host range tests on 54 plant species in 43 genera and 19 families showed that Rottboellia cochinchinensis, was also highly susceptible to this fungus. Of the crops tested, only corn seedlings were lightly infected under optimum greenhouse conditions but no disease occurred on corn under field conditions. Bipolaris sacchari, Exserohilum monoceras, and E. oryzae

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Chin, Alice. "Evaluation of Macrophoma sp. as a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23876.

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Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) is a major weed of many crops in North America including corn, soybean, and potato. It can be readily controlled by chemical and cultural methods. However, some populations of A. retroflexus have developed resistance against the application of triazine herbicides. Biololical control could be an alternative method to control this weed species. In 1990, a Macrophoma sp. causing foliar lesions was isolated from redroot pigweed and the potential of this plant pathogenic fungus as a mycoherbicide was evaluated. Large numbers of infective propagules were produced in solid substrate fermentation with chickpeas. When inoculated with 10$ sp8$ or 10$ sp9$ conidia m$ sp{-2}$, plants at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage showed the most severe damage. Disease developed over a wide range of dew period durations (6 hr to 24 hr) and temperature regimes (14 C to 26 C), and the most rapid and destructive disease development occurred following a 24-hr dew period at 18 C. In controlled environment studies, this Macrophoma sp. was pathogenic to the genus Amaranthus and the closely related genus Celosia.

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Na, Lampang Acharaporn. "Study on interactions between Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and selected antagonists." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn165.pdf.

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Vogelgsang, Susanne. "Pre-emergence efficacy of Phomopsis convolvulus Ormeno to control field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ44621.pdf.

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DiTommaso, Antonio. "Effect of the fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes, on growth, reproduction and competitive ability of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29012.

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Field and growth bench experiments were performed to assess the effect of a selective fungal pathogen of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) on various aspects of intra- and interspecific competition between this vigorous agricultural weed and soybean (Glycine max). In the absence of the foliar pathogen, Colletotrichum coccodes, A. theophrasti and soybean responded differently to the presence of conspecies or to individuals of the other species. In pure stand, the deleterious effects of intraspecific competition on reproductive output were substantially greater for A. theophrasti than for soybean, especially at lower monoculture densities. In mixtures, however, A. theophrasti reproductive performance was markedly higher than at equivalent monoculture densities, particularly at the lower mixture densities. Soybean reproduction at these lower mixture densities (10 to 20 plants m$ sp{-2}$) was severely curtailed compared with reproductive output at equivalent pure stand densities. A. theophrasti reproductive output was limited more by the presence of conspecies than by the presence of soybean, whereas the opposite trend was observed for soybean. In pure stand, application of C. coccodes had limited impact on either A. theophrasti or soybean yield. However, application of the fungal pathogen in A. theophrasti monocultures caused significant (30-44%) aboveground biomass reductions within five weeks of inoculation, in two of the three years in one field study. Eight weeks following C. coccodes inoculation, A. theophrasti biomass within inoculated monoculture plots did not differ significantly from biomass within uninoculated control plots, although height hierarchies were significantly more developed. In mixtures, C. coccodes applications caused reductions in A. theophrasti growth and reproduction when provided with an adequate dew period. Alternatively, soybean yield losses within inoculated mixture plots were generally lower than for uninoculated control plots, althoug

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Saad, Fadia. "Formulation of Colletotrichum coccodes as a bioherbicide." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41025.

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Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes, a foliar pathogen of velvetleaf, is being developed as a bioherbicide. Formulation of living organisms for use as pest control products presents unique problems. This research has achieved the development of an adequate formulation of the pathogen by using kaolin clay or talcum powder (1:2.79 wt/wt) as the fillers to dry conidia. Formulated C. coccodes conidia stored at 4, 30C, or at room temperature in bags permeable to oxygen remained viable and able to infect velvetleaf plants at least six months in storage. Various reported germination stimulants increased germination of formulated conidia, although not significantly, whereas increasing concentrations of cutin resulted in subsequent decreases in germination and appressoria formation of fresh as well as formulated conidia. In controlled environment experiments, 14 day-old velvetleaf seedlings were severely diseased when stearic or oleic acids were added to conidia formulated in kaolin clay or talcum powder, respectively. Combinations of germination stimulants, cutinase and/or pectinase inducers did not significantly increase germination and appressoria formation of C. coccodes conidia. Germination of fresh and formulated conidia increased, although not significantly, with the addition of 1% sucrose.

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Ahn, Byeongseok. "Enhancing biocontrol activity of Colletotrichum coccodes." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82816.

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Resistance responses of Abutilon theophrasti were investigated to determine defense mechanisms of the weed against Colletotrichum coccodes and to verify if some chemical suppression of the resistance mechanism could be exploited to enhance the virulence. Induced resistance in A. theophrasti has been confirmed in treatments with C. coccodes, benzothiadiazole, bentazon, and acifluorfen. Induction of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities in the leaves that did not contact with the inducing agents was observed after the localized stresses to the first leaf or the root of the plant with those agents. alpha-Amino-oxy acetic acid (AOA), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DDG), mannose, oxalic acid, and analogues of oxalic acid and mannose were tested to enhance C. coccodes virulence. However, the compounds did not enhance C. coccodes virulence or affect A. theophrasti growth. Strong antifungal effects, poor inhibitory effects on plant defense mechanisms, or minor dependence of A. theophrasti on the defense mechanisms that the chemicals affected could be reasons. The efficacy of C. coccodes increased in the presence of 0.25 kg a.i. ha-1 bentazon more than when C. coccodes was applied alone, while the effect of glyphosate was minimal. Peroxidase activity was strongly induced by the treatment of C. coccodes and increased over time. PAL and activation of peroxidase was inhibited in the presence of bentazon, suggesting the synergy effect by bentazon is probably due to the suppression on the two defense-related enzymes. In conclusion, A. theophrasti exploits various biochemical and morphological types of defense mechanisms against C. coccodes infection. However, the activation of the defense responses can be suppressed or by-passed in an integrated weed management system.

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Kabir, Nasreen Zahan. "Selection of effective antagonists against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3), the causal agent of Rhizoctonia disease of potato." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27351.

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Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3), the causal agent of Rhizoctonia disease of potato, overwinters as sclerotia on potato tubers. To develop a biocontrol strategy based on the prevention of the sclerotial germination, an isolation of microorganisms colonizing sclerotia of infected potato tubers (cultivars Norland, Atlantic and Souris), was conducted. In vitro screening was used to select effective antagonistic fungi against Rhizoctonia solani. Fifty fungal isolates were selected in order to cover all identified genera and potato variety and examined for their ability to inhibit germination of sclerotia which were incubated with the test fungus for 14 days. Twenty-four (24) fungal isolates were retained based on their ability to reduce sclerotial viability by more than 50% as compared with 100% viability of untreated sclerotia. These 24 isolates were further examined for their ability to protect Table beet seedlings against the pathogen in greenhouse soils. Based on their ability to protect Table beet seedlings from Rhizoctonia infections and to increase the number of secondary roots and root length isolates, F2, F11, F132, F158, and F258 were screened and test their efficacy to increase beet seed germination in field soils. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Books on the topic "Phytopathogenic organisms biological control"

1

Campbell, R. E. Biological control of microbial plant pathogens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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Hunter, Charles D. Suppliers of beneficial organisms in North America. Sacramento, Calif. (1020 N St., Sacramento 95814-5604): California Environmental Protection Agency, Dept. of Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, 1994.

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Hunter, Charles D. Suppliers of beneficial organisms in North America. Sacramento, Calif. (1020 N St., Sacramento 95814-5604): California Environmental Protection Agency, Dept. of Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch, 1997.

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International Symposium on Biological Control of Plant Diseases for the New Century--Mode of Action and Application Technology (2001 Taichung, Taiwan). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Control of Plant Diseases for the New Century--Mode of Action and Application Technology. Taichung: Dept. of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, 2001.

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Rice, Elroy L. Biological control of weeds and plant diseases: Advances in applied allelopathy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

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Plan de control total de especies introducidas. Galápagos: Fondo para el Control de las Especies Invasoras de Galápagos, 2007.

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Finckh, Maria R., Ariena H. C. van Bruggen, and Lucius Tamm. Plant diseases and their management in organic agriculture. St. Paul, Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society, 2015.

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Carrillo, Daniel, Gilberto José de Moraes, and Jorge E. Peña, eds. Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0.

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Blanco, Joaquín J., and Adrian T. Fernandes. Invasive species: Threats, ecological impact and control methods. New Tork: Nova Science, 2012.

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Shearer, Judy F. Field and laboratory studies of the fungus Mycoleptodiscus terrestris as a potential agent for management of the submersed aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phytopathogenic organisms biological control"

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Parulekar-Berde, Chanda Vikrant, Sujog Ashok Joshi, and Vikrant Balkrishna Berde. "Fungal Communities as Biological Control Agents for Different Phytopathogenic Organisms." In Fungal Biology, 189–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_8.

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Pérez-García, Alejandro, Diego Romero, Houda Zeriouh, and Antonio de Vicente. "Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Aerobic Endospore-Formers." In Soil Biology, 157–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19577-8_8.

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Wainwright, Henry. "Biological control of pests." In Cut flowers and foliages, 316–41. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247602.0007.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the benefits of using biological control in cut flower production through augmentative biological control using invertebrate and microbial organisms (natural enemies and biopesticides) applied seasonally or prophylactically.

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Schroth, Milton N. "Risks of Releasing Wild-Type and Genetically Engineered Biocontrol Organisms into the Ecosystem." In Biological Control of Plant Diseases, 371–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_53.

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Hernandes, Fabio A., Tatiane Marie M. G. de Castro, and Renan Venancio. "Prostigmata (Acari: Trombidiformes) as Biological Control Agents." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 151–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_6.

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Wekesa, Vitalis W., Fabien C. C. Hountondji, and Surendra K. Dara. "Mite Pathogens and Their Use in Biological Control." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 309–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_12.

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de Azevedo, Letícia H., Rowan M. Emberson, Fernanda de C. N. Esteca, and Gilberto José de Moraes. "Macrochelid Mites (Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) as Biological Control Agents." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 103–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_4.

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McMurtry, James A., Nazer Famah Sourassou, and Peterson Rodrigo Demite. "The Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) as Biological Control Agents." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 133–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_5.

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Castilho, Raphael C., Renan Venancio, and João Paulo Z. Narita. "Mesostigmata as Biological Control Agents, with Emphasis on Rhodacaroidea and Parasitoidea." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_1.

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Lara, Jesús R., and Mark S. Hoddle. "Past, Present, and Future: Biological Control of Spider Mites on California-Grown Avocados." In Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms, 271–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15042-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phytopathogenic organisms biological control"

1

Mikhalev, E. V., and D. D. Khilov. "INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ORGANIC WASTE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ON PRODUCTIVITY OF ROW CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.494-497.

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The introduction of unprocessed organic waste into the soil leads to the accumulation of nutrition elements for their subsequent assimilation by plants in the land-use system from the organomineral complexes of the soil, which will significantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. However, for 2- 3 years with constant introduction of "raw" manure, soil degradation occurs. So, with the constant introduction of "fresh" litter will be the oppression of cultivated plants by "osmosis" and the subsequent destruction of their root rot due to its high content of raw litter of pathogenic organisms and high level of Pro-infectious potential, which reduces fungistasis soil, leading to lower yields. The cardinal way out of this situation is to add composted manure to the soil. In addition to increasing the content of organic matter in the soil, including humus. Due to this, there is a decrease in osmosis and phytopathogenic load. The biological activity of the soil when composting will be slightly lower than when applying " raw " manure. However, due to this fact, in the following years, when using complex compost, the soil will contain more organic matter compared to the control. In addition," full "composting reduces "osmosis", kills weed seeds and destroys potentially dangerous pathogens of agricultural crops. Based on the above, it can be assumed that the introduction of new organic fertilizers should have a multi-sided effect on the agronomic properties of the soil, which in the end, with the correct use of complex compost, dramatically increases the yield of crops, including cereals.

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Wende Tian, Weiguang Li, Hui Zhang, and Zheng Yang. "Affecting factors and control strategies of the competition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568854.

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Vasilchenko, N. G., A. V. Gorovtsov, V. A. Chistyakov, and M. S. Mazanko. "BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.324-327.

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The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

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Volosciuc, Leonid. "Interpretarea etică a combaterii organismelor dăunătoare." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.01.

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Starting from the increasing impact of harmful organisms on the background of climate change, there is an increasing need to strengthen food security and food safety, which is made possible by expanding the range of environmentally friendly means. The application of control methods, including the destruction of harmful organisms, causes various problems, including ethical ones, related to the human right to reduce or control the development of some entities by others. The article contains a systemic approach to the relationships between harmful organisms and biological means of plant protection in the four types of biological control: natural, conservation, augmentation and import, in which ethical concerns have steadily increased. Strengthening plant protection for plant health and the systemic approach creates premises for sustainable development based on organic farming.

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Morgan, Benjamin, Scott Manwaring, and Andrew Alleyne. "Dynamic Design Criteria via Dimensional Analysis of Electrohydraulic 2-Stage Servovalves." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2121.

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Just as environmental constraints lead nature to produce biological solutions that arise time and again in a variety of living organisms, industry market forces constrain the design of engineered systems. Using data driven dimensional analysis one can uncover these underlying design relationships for a class of dynamic systems. We apply this data driven dimensional analysis methodology to the class of 2-stage electrohydraulic servovalve systems. When the original servovalve design data does not present the expected dimensionless design relationships, we present a clean sheet of paper design which perturbs the servovalve parameters to maintain dynamic similarity and display dimensionless design relationships. These dimensionless design relationships can then be used to produce dynamically similar servovalves for entirely new parameter spaces.

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Thomas, Rachael, Mark Simpson, Hiro Mochizuki, Christina Williams, Kelsey Poorman, Katie Kennedy, Christina Mazcko, Jaime F. Modiano, and Matthew Breen. "Abstract A51: Quality control and quality assurance of canine biological specimens available through the Pfizer-CCOGC, Inc. National Biorepository for Comparative Oncology Studies." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; November 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.modorg-a51.

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Fattahi, Javad S., and Davide Spinello. "Timoshenko Beam Model for Exploration and Sensing With a Continuum Centipede Inspired Robot." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-4103.

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We present the continuum model of a robot inspired by organisms like centipedes and polychaete worms. The continuum model is obtained as the limit of a rigid body chain with pinned elements, which leads to a Timoshenko beam model that is described by a one dimensional continuum with local Euclideian structure. The local Euclideian structure models the cross sections that are kinematically described by their position and orientation. The leg structures in the biological systems are modeled in the continuum limit as a distribution of compliant elements. Modal properties of the system are investigated. The compliance of the legs can be exploited for sensing purposes with specific application to the reconstruction of the surrounding environment and to the estimation of physical properties. The class of models in this papers applies to the continuum description of several emerging robotic application that range from tools for exploration in hazardous or generally not accessible environments (to humans) to novel healthcare systems as for example endoscopic tools for diagnostic in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Gogol, Elina V., Guzel I. Gumerova, and Olga S. Egrova. "Approaches to Assessment and Hazard Identification of Dioxins." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.021.

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In the Russian practice in the framework of environmental regulation sanitary measurements to assess the toxicity of the objects of the environment, which are based on the determination of standardized components concentrations and comparing them with the limit value, are widely used. But this approach doesn’t allow assessing the degree of biological hazards for organisms. The biotesting method has been considered for assessing the safety of dioxin-like compounds. Dioxins can be formed out of control in the environment. Ultraviolet radiation accelerates the formation of dioxins, as it enhances the ability of a chemical reaction of chlorine. This phenomenon is well known in Russia, where the chlorination is a standard procedure of water treatment and disinfection of drinking water, and control of the content of chlorophenols is an optional procedure. Simulation of the formation of dioxins in the process of chlorination of water, containing phenolic compounds, was carried out. Process of dioxins transformation in living systems to more toxic metabolites has been described. Enzymes that are involved in detoxification of dioxins have been identified. According to the results of bioassay danger of water samples, containing dioxins, is underestimated, since it doesn’t take into account specific features of metabolism of dioxins in living organisms. Under the action of enzymes in the cells the less toxic compounds can be converted into the more toxic in terms of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The system of determination of the dioxin toxic equivalency factor doesn’t account for it. Thus, during determination of danger of xenobiotics in living organisms we should move away from the determination of acute toxicity and focus on the processes that are started by enzyme systems when a toxicant gets into cells of living organisms.

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Jensen-McMullin, Cynthia, Mark Bachman, and Guann-Pyng Li. "Universal Microcarriers for Microfluidic Assays." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30226.

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Bead and cell suspension based flow-through assays are popular for high throughput biological analysis. Several technologies incorporate a tagging scheme with beads to enable multiplexing. Modern flow-through systems such as flow cytometers and cell sorters are large, bulky and expensive; consequently, much research has been performed using microfluidics to miniaturize these systems. However, several problems remain with these systems, notably it remains difficult to perform manipulations on the beads (or cells), and in the case of multiplexed systems, it remains difficult to read the tags quickly. In this paper, we present a micromachined micro-carrier, referred to as a ‘micropallet’, designed to move through a microfluidic device, which helps to solve several of these problems. Micropallets are small carrier structures, micromachined out of plastic or other materials, that are used to carry attached biological or chemical samples through a microfluidic system (e.g., DNA, RNA, proteins, antibodies, adherent cells, organisms). Similar to conventional factory pallets that carry a product through an automated manufacturing line, micropallets are engineered to carry their cargo through a micro-scale system. Thus micropallets may contain shapes, structures and materials designed to interact with and work in a microfluidic system, such as for docking, sorting, manipulation and readout. Additionally, micropallets may include bar codes or other markings, and be engineered to optimally suit the cargo they carry (for example, a micropallet might contain 3-D structures and treated sections for cells, molecules or organisms to attach). Results are presented for the use of micropallets in cell assays, DNA assays and antibody assays. Micropallets may be designed to carry a sample through a microfluidic system or for use in a static assay system, enabling versatile customisation of the micropallets and flow system for design of a programmable system that interacts with the micropallets for detection, control and manipulation.

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Rawat, Monika. "Soil Respiration Variation under the Canopy of Dominant Tree Species across different seasons in Temperate Forest." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0021.

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Soil respiration is defined as the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms are active. It is an important process in the ecosystem and has direct influence on climate change. Therefore understanding it under different vegetation types is an essential goal in soil science. The major sources which effect the soil respiration rate are plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and soil fauna and these sources are control by various factors like temperature, moisture, nutreint content and oxygen in the soil. Soil respiration rate is important for understanding soil biological activity, nutrient cycling, soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter and its decomposition.Therefore soil respiration was studied under the canopy of ten dominant tree species of temperate forest. Our study determined that highest soil respiration was under the canopy of Eunonymous pendulus (EP) i.e. 20.01 μmolm−2 s−1 and across season it was high during the rains.

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