Academic literature on the topic 'Phytophagan insects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phytophagan insects"
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Sakhnenko, V., and D. Sakhnenko. "The optimization of modern measures of winter wheat protection from pests in the Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 11, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8903.
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The peculiarities of ecology of certain types of pests breeding in field crops are highlighted. The indicators of the influence of a complex of factors on development and mass reproduction of insects under modern agricultural systems are generalized. The species composition of insect phytophages in new crops is specified. More than 20 species of pests were identified that severely damaged this crop according to the results of the monitoring of the wheat entomocomplex. The analysis of influence of temperature, air and soil on the trophic links of phytophages and development and survival of their stages was conducted. A close connection between the level of productivity and the stages of organogenesis of plants with separate stages of development of the main species of phytophages was established. The analysis of efficiency of application of modern monitoring of a complex of pests at new systems of protection of winter wheat has been carried out. Cereal flies, aphids and other pests are found are found on wheat. The basic ecological and biological peculiarities of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat are determined. The peculiarity of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the forest-steppe of Ukraine is highlighted. The analysis of the modeling efficiency of the number of harmful and useful insect for resource-saving systems of winter wheat protection is carried out. The peculiarities of biology and ecology of pests of stem and of the root system of winter wheat in the region of research are specified. The peculiarities of the formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses vary according to certain parameters, in particular the number of soil and interstitial phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily displacement. It is relevant to determine the total demand of pests in feeding at the actual population of individuals at different stages of ontogenesis of grain crops for effective crop management. The application of resource saving models of the calculation of phytophage dynamics on cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of development of plants and phytophages in the production, which allows to determine the quantitative changes of a separate entomocomplex in grain crops in time and space. The development and introduction of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests according to modern agricultural systems in the forest-steppe of Ukraine, which determines the expected loss of grain in the crop fields becomes important.
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Van Dam, Matthew H., Analyn Anzano Cabras, James B. Henderson, Andrew J. Rominger, Cynthia Pérez Estrada, Arina D. Omer, Olga Dudchenko, Erez Lieberman Aiden, and Athena W. Lam. "The Easter Egg Weevil (Pachyrhynchus) genome reveals syntenic patterns in Coleoptera across 200 million years of evolution." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): e1009745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009745.
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Patterns of genomic architecture across insects remain largely undocumented or decoupled from a broader phylogenetic context. For instance, it is unknown whether translocation rates differ between insect orders. We address broad scale patterns of genome architecture across Insecta by examining synteny in a phylogenetic framework from open-source insect genomes. To accomplish this, we add a chromosome level genome to a crucial lineage, Coleoptera. Our assembly of the Pachyrhynchus sulphureomaculatus genome is the first chromosome scale genome for the hyperdiverse Phytophaga lineage and currently the largest insect genome assembled to this scale. The genome is significantly larger than those of other weevils, and this increase in size is caused by repetitive elements. Our results also indicate that, among beetles, there are instances of long-lasting (>200 Ma) localization of genes to a particular chromosome with few translocation events. While some chromosomes have a paucity of translocations, intra-chromosomal synteny was almost absent, with gene order thoroughly shuffled along a chromosome. This large amount of reshuffling within chromosomes with few inter-chromosomal events contrasts with patterns seen in mammals in which the chromosomes tend to exchange larger blocks of material more readily. To place our findings in an evolutionary context, we compared syntenic patterns across Insecta in a phylogenetic framework. For the first time, we find that synteny decays at an exponential rate relative to phylogenetic distance. Additionally, there are significant differences in decay rates between insect orders, this pattern was not driven by Lepidoptera alone which has a substantially different rate.
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Pivtoraiko, V., V. Kabanets, and V. Vlasenko. "Harmful entomofauna of hemp Cannabis sativa L. (analytical overview)." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 7-9 (September 18, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.7-9.20-25.
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Goal. To study the genesis of the harmful hemp entomofauna, to analyze the areas of expansion, features of development and harmfulness of a complex of insect phytophages.
Methods. Information-analytical. Collection and research of information data of Internet resources and available specialized literature.
Results. Hemp plants are damaged by a large number of both polyphage and specialized insect phytophages. With a high level of adaptability and ecological plasticity, they are capable of causing significant damage to hemp crops and sometimes even completely destroying their seedlings. Among the polyphage insects, pests from the families are of particular danger: (Elateridae), (Scarabaeidae), (Curculionidae), (Cerambycidae), (Mordellidae), (Noctuidae), (Pyralidae), (Erebidae), (Nymphalidae), (Lycaenidae), (Agromyzidae), (Orthoptera), (Acrididae), (Tettigoniidae), (Aphidiidae), (Miridae) and (Pentatomidae). The dominant specialized phytophages in the hemp field are: flea beetle — Psylliodes attenuata Koch. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), tumbling flower beetles — Mordellistena micans (Coleoptera, Mordellidae), hemp moth — Grapholitha delineana Walk (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae); hemp aphids — Phorodon cannabis Pass (Homoptera, Aphidiidae).
Conclusions. The genesis of the harmful hemp field entomofauna has been studied. It has been established that, for thousand years, a harmful entomocomplex has been forming on hemp, which, depending on the specific environmental conditions, has been gradually supplemented by introduced, adapted insect species, and at present it is quite numerous. Thus, according to various data, the total entomocomplex of hemp includes 240—300 species and has more than 70 specialized and polyphage insect phytophages, which can cause significant damage to the sprouting seeds, root system, overground vegetative and reproductive part of the plant.
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Muckensturm, Bernard, Bernard P. Riss, Pierre C. Robert, Marie-Thérèse Simonis, and Jean-Claude Kienlen. "Substances antiappétantes pour insectes phytophages." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(86)90096-7.
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TURIENZO, PAOLA, and OSVALDO DI IORIO. "Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)." Zootaxa 1871, no. 1 (September 8, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1871.1.1.
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Insects found in the nests of Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot) [Aves: Furnariidae] from the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and La Pampa (Argentina) were studied. A total of 20 nests was sampled every 21 days in Buenos Aires, together with the insects found under ritidome of Eucalyptus in the same area. Samples from nests were divided by seasons: end of summer [nest 1]; autumn [nests 2 to 6]; winter [nests 7 to 12]; spring [nests 13 to 16]; summer [nests 17 to 19], and beginning of autumn [nest 20]. A total of 92 species of insects was found, of which only 36 species had been previously reported in the literature from 1943 until 2005. Additional nests were sampled from Santa Fe (3 nests), Entre Ríos (1 nest), and La Pampa (4 nests). Species richness, abundance and diversity per nest are given and discussed. Insects in birds´nests are classified according to their functional guilds (predators; hematophages and parasitoids; detritivores; phytophages and fungivorous); degree of permanence in the nests (temporal inhabitants [hibernants]; permanent inhabitants; accidentals and/or occasionals). Mortality among the insect fauna inside the nests and other dead insects found inside nests, probably prey remains, are cited. The insect fauna under the ritidome of Eucalyptus permits establishment of a habitat gradient: species only found in the nests, species mainly found in the nests and rarely under the ritidome, species found both under the ritidome and in the nests, species mainly found under ritidome and seldom in the nests, and species only found under the ritidome. Comments and remarks are made on selected taxa lacking or with limited biological data. The microhabitat in the tunnels of Ctenomys [Rodentia] is compared with the birds’nests regarding its similar insect fauna. Inquiline birds and mammals are also mentioned.
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Kolombar, T. M., and D. V. Maslova. "Current state of wheat insects entomofauna in Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporizhia and Poltava regions." Ecology and Noospherology 31, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032005.
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Cereals are the basis of world crop production. In Ukraine, winter wheat crop plays a rolea strategic agricultural product. The basis of food security and the formation of the national export potential depend on this crop species. Wheat has a steadydemand on the internal and foreign markets. In the structure of crops, it occupies about 6 million hectares, which is more than 22% of all cultivated areas and almost 42% of grain crops. Like most other crops, cereals serve as food supply for a wide range of insect phytophages. Conventionally, the entire fauna of endangeredspecies can be divided into multiphages, oligophages and monophages. Cereal plants are damaged by insects during the entire growing season, from germination to harvesting. There are more than 230 species of wheat insects. Territory of the steppe zone of Ukraineamounted 17 most common and criticallyendangeredspecies on. The degree of harmfulness of each species in different vegetation periods is not the same. The goal of the paper was to reveal a current state of the most common endangeredspecies (wheat phytophages) within Dnepropetrovsk, Poltava and Zaporizhia Oblasts, and to assess a degree of their harmfulness (according to literature data). Harmful insects were accounted using conventional manual sampling method. The accounting was carried out on plots of 50 × 50 cm (0.25 m2), staggered evenly over an entire field, using a frame placed onto the plants randomly. All wheat stems inside the frame were shaken to a ground surface, and the number of harmful insects was counted. At the same time, the upper layer of soil (0–25 cm) was visually inspectedfor the presence of insect larvae and imagos. 16 samples were collectedon each field. The average number of each insect species per 1 m2 of wheat crops was calculated. As a result of 50 fields survey in Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporizhia and Poltava Oblast, a list of the most common endangeredspecies (wheat phytophages) in the steppe and forest-steppe zones was created. It includes 17 species belonging to 7 families from three orders. The most recorded representatives of Coleoptera order were 12 species, four species from Hemiptera order and one from Thysanoptera. On average, three species of wheat phytophages belong to each of the families; the largest number of endangeredspecies is represented by Scarabaeidae family. Among the identified phytophages, the most common were Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) 88% of infected fields, Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze, 1777) 78% and Anisoplia austriaca (Herbst, 1783) 72%. Specimenof endangeredspecies as Eurygaster integriceps (Puton, 1881) were found on 34 fields, Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov, 1912) on 22 fields, Oulema lichenis (Heyden, 1879) on 21 fields, and Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) on 18 fields. A brief description of each of 17 endangeredspecies was presented, taking into account their harmfulness in different periods of wheat vegetation. The degree of harmfulness of each species in different vegetation periods is not a same. A distinction is made between the early period, spring and the second half of the growing season. Early vegetation period is from the seedling emergence to the period of grass tillering. During this period, an impact of harmful insects is particularly dangerous, and a damage they cause can lead to a death of plants over large areas. The species most dangerous for wheat at this time are Harpalus rufipes and Zabrus tenebrioides. It is difficult to establish a clear distinction between the impact of endangeredspecies on plants during different periods of vegetation. With a beginning of spring vegetation, Oulema lichenis, Phyllotreta vittula and Chaetocnema aridula and Tropinota hirta are added to the above-mentioned species. Harmfulness during this period consists will be represented by leaf blade damage. The middle of vegetation coincides with an ear formation and grain filling phases. The most active endangeredwheat species during this period are considered to be Haplothrips tritici, Opatrum sabulosum, Pedinus femoralis and Blaps lethifera. The quality indicators of a cereal crop yield are reduced by Eurygaster integriceps and E. maura, Aelia acuminata and A. rostrata. Before the harvest the grain is damaged by various Scarabaeidae, in particular Anisoplia austriaca, A. agricola , A. segetum. As a result of controlling the number and species composition of endangeredwheat species, it is necessary to adapt the application of integrated methods of wheat protection to the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine.
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Agasieva, I. S., V. Ya Ismailov, A. S. Nastasiy, and M. V. Nefedova. "Development of methods for application of pheromonic materials for monitoring and managing the number of apple phytophages." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-2-47-53.
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Synthetic sex pheromones have found wide application in plant protection as a mean of early detection of pests that allows observation of the phenology of insects to optimise protective measures. Insect sex pheromones can be applied for different purposes in protecting crops such as monitoring, determining the species composition and combating harmful species (by using sex pheromones for disorientation). The present work studies the species composition, dynamics of the number of basic pests of an apple tree, synchronisation of the seasonal and circadian activity of phytophages of an apple tree in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The results of the field assessment of the male complex disorientation method of apple and eastern moths are presented. It was shown that the species-specificity of sex pheromones in the apple orchard depends on the faunistic diversity of Lepidoptera species with similar pheromone systems that develop at a given point in space and time. It was revealed that the behaviour of this complex changes during the season and over years, depending on the climate and natural dynamics of insect populations. The quantitative ratio and species-specificity of pheromones will probably be different in ecosystems with various species composition and different geographic zones. A novelty of this research is the division of the studied Lepidoptera phytophage species into three groups according to a decrease in the absolute species-specificity in the forest biotope in comparison with the garden one. The most widespread and coinciding in terms of summer synchronicity are apple (Cydia pomonella L.), plum (Grapholitha funebrana Tr.), eastern (Grapholitha molesta Tr.) and pomegranate moth (Euzophera bigella Zell.). The disorientation method, applied using a complex system of dispensers with apple and eastern moth pheromones, showed that installing 500 dispensers/ha allowed 99.3 % efficiency to be achieved. Fruit damage amounted to 1.2 % and 2.7 % in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The duration of the disorienting effect of the pheromone formulations lasted for over 4 months.
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Arestova, Natalia, and Irina Ryabchun. "The dynamics of the development of harmful insects on the mother planting of basic grape plants in the Rostov region." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213404006.
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The study results on prevalence of the main harmful insects on the mother planting of the basic grape plants of the Rostov region: rose leafhopper, buffalo treehopper, tree cricket, tobacco and grape thrips, which are polyphagous phytophages, are presented. As a result of the negative impact of harmful organisms the plant normal development is disrupted. The spread and increase in the insect harmfulness in the Rostov region is facilitated by an increase in the average annual temperature to 9.5-11.6 °C in the last 10-15 years, which is the lower limit for their survival. A close direct relationship was revealed between the average annual temperature and the leafhopper and thrip harmfulness: r=0.72-0.89 and an unobvious dependence of the tree cricket harmfulness on thermal conditions (r=0.59). The phytosanitary control system in the mother planting made it possible to restrain the harmful organism development, with a harmfulness not exceeding 1.3 points for thrips and 2 points for other insects for further reproduction of practically healthy grape planting material while maintaining the status basic plants.
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Ngouajio, Mathieu, and Milton E. McGiffen. "Going Organic Changes Weed Population Dynamics." HortTechnology 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.590.
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Organic agriculture is growing in importance worldwide. In the United States, the rate of increase of organic growers was estimated at 12% in 2000. However, many producers are reluctant to undertake the organic transition because of uncertainty of how organic production will affect weed population dynamics and management. The organic transition has a profound impact on the agroecosystem. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties during the transition often impact indirectly insect, disease, and weed dynamics. Greater weed species richness is usually found in organic farms but total weed density and biomass are often smaller under the organic system compared with the conventional system. The improved weed suppression of organic agriculture is probably the result of combined effects of several factors including weed seed predation by soil microorganisms, seedling predation by phytophagus insects, and the physical and allelopathic effects of cover crops.
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Glavendekic, Milka, and M. J. Medarevic. "Insect defoliators and their influence on oak forests in the Djerdap national park, Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 4 (2010): 1137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1004137g.
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The study of oak phytophagous insects was performed in the period 1992-2010 in the region of the Djerdap National Park. More than a third (36.67%) of the phytophages in oak forests are frequent and can occasionally cause local outbreaks. The early spring defoliator phytophages so far identified in the oak forests of the Djerdap National Park are outbreak species and are significant agents of forest ecosystem degradation and decline. The most frequent species are Tortrix viridana and Operophtera brumata. It was found that Quercus petraea was more affected by dieback then Q. cerris and Q. frainetto.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phytophagan insects"
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Pratis, Samara Brandão Queiroz. "Atividade inseticida de produtos químicos e alternativos sobre insetos-praga da cultura do feijoeiro comum." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1302.
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The study of ecosystem to be handled and the procedures that are realized which limiting the population pest is a determining factor to success of seed production. This analysis aim evaluate the pest fluctuation of beans crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two harvest, being submitted to application of chemical and alternative products with insecticide action in differents phenological stages of crop. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications and ten treatments, which were: water, pyroligneous extract, cassava, neem, spiromesifen, imidacloprid + beta-cyflutrin, zeta cypermetrin, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyalotrin, thiamethoxam e teflubenzuron. The entomological estimation were made accounting every living insects, with the aid of magnifying glass (10 times) and a shake cloth (1 m). Regarding the agronomic parameters that were analyzed: number of plants per area, height plant, pod numbers per plant, number of seeds per pod, thousand seeds weight and productivity. Was concluded that both chemical and alternative inseticide products have the potential to influence the populations of insect pests D. speciosa, B. tabaci, P. includens, E. kraemei e Orthoptera spp. in two different bean crop. Although low the population means of E. heros, N. viridula and P. includens, they diverged from the behavior of other species sampled , so why, if presented with rising populations, after receiving treatments spiromesifen, zeta cypermetrin, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyalotrin and teflubenzuron, indicating a possible tolerance to insecticides. Regarding the agronomic analysis showed that the average yields, differ from one another, speculating that there was a phytosanitary control through the use of insecticide products, which indirectly influencing this variable
O estudo do ecossistema a ser manejado e dos procedimentos realizados que limitam a população de pragas é fator determinante para o sucesso da produção de grãos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da população de pragas no feijoeiro manejadas com inseticidas químicos e alternativos, além de avaliar o comportamento da cultura, manejada com a aplicação dos produtos inseticidas. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições, os quais foram: água, extrato pirolenhoso, manipueira, nim, espiromesifeno, imidacloprido + beta-ciflutrina, zeta cipermetrina, tiametoxan + lambda-cialotrina, tiametoxan e teflubenzuron. As avaliações entomológicas foram feitas por meio de levantamentos das pragas, contabilizando-se todos os insetos vivos, com o auxílio de uma lupa (aumento de 10 vezes) e um pano de batida (1 m) de comprimento. Em relação ás variáveis agronômicas, foram analisadas as seguintes características: número de plantas por área, altura de plantas, números de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Conclui-se que ambos os produtos químicos e alternativos com ação inseticida, têm potencial de influenciar as populações dos insetos-pragas D. speciosa, B. tabaci, P. includens, E. kraemei e Orthoptera spp. na cultura do feijoeiro em duas safras. Apesar de baixas as médias populacionais de E. heros, N. viridula e P. includens, essas divergiram do comportamento das demais espécies amostradas, isso por que, apresentaram-se com populações ascendentes, após receberem os tratamentos espiromesifeno, zeta cipermetrina, tiametoxan + lambda-cialotrina e teflubenzuron, indicando uma possível tolerância aos inseticidas. Em relação as análises agronômicas, observou-se que as médias das produtividades final, diferiram umas das outras, especulando ter havido um controle fitossanitário através do uso dos produtos inseticidas, influenciando indiretamente essa variável.
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Dellicour, Simon. "Etude de l'histoire évolutive d'insectes phytophages: approche phylogéographique et développements méthodologiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209374.
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Lamarre, Greg. "Rôle des insectes phytophages dans la diversité des arbres des forêts tropicales humides." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0582/document.
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Les mécanismes à l’origine du maintien de la forte diversité locale des arbres des forêts tropicales humides constituent encore une énigme pour les scientifiques. Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier et de comprendre certains facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui influencent l’assemblage des communautés des forêts tropicales humides d’Amazonie. A l’aide d’une approche empirique conduite dans les forêts tropicales de Guyane française et du Loreto au Pérou, de nombreuses expériences de terrain ont été mises en place dans le but d’apporter des éléments de réponse sur les mécanismes impliqués dans le maintien de la diversité des communautés d’arbres et d’insectes des forêts amazoniennes. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse permet de souligner l’importance des pressions biotiques exercées sur les communautés d’arbres. En effet, les communautés d’insectes peuvent influencer la composition des communautés d’arbres le long d’un gradient environnemental conduisant à des compromis entre la défense et la croissance. Ces compromis ou tradeoff permettent de maintenir la coexistence des espèces de forêts tropicales humides en favorisant la spécialisation des arbres à leur habitat (Chapitre 1, Annexe 3). Cependant, de nombreux facteurs peuvent engendrer des variations dans les compromis d’allocation exhibés par les plantes, ce qui peut compliquer la validité de ces résultats. Dans ce sens, nous avons souligné l’influence du rôle de la cascade trophique et l’existence chez certaines espèces d’arbres de stratégies d’évitement des insectes (Chapitre 2). Dans un second temps, nous avons montré que les filtres environnementaux et les distances géographiques favorisent un fort turnover de la composition des arthropodes des forêts tropicales (chapitre 3, Annexe 2). Les résultats de cette étude ont des implications fondamentales sur les mécanismes qui expliquent la structuration des communautés d’insectes herbivores. Nous avons souligné l’importance de l’interaction des communautés des insectes herbivores et de leurs plantes associées. De plus, des prédictions sont présentées sur le degré de spécialisation des insectes à leur plante-hôte (Annexe 3), notamment sur les implications possibles dans les compromis d’allocation chez les plantes. Finalement, des perspectives de recherche sont proposées en vue de poursuivre ces travaux de recherche, et notamment des extensions de mes expériences vers d’autres régions tropicales et tempérées et l’intégration de la phylogénie pour comprendre des mécanismes de coévolution entre communautés d’arbres et insectes. Nous proposons également une intégration des résultats de cette thèse dans les stratégies locales et régionales de conservation des forêts tropicales du bassin amazonienThe mechanisms underlying the maintenance of local diversity of trees in tropical rainforests remain under debate. This dissertation aims to study and understand some biotic and abiotic factors that may influence both tree and insect community assembly in lowland tropical forests of Amazonia. I used an empirical approach to study communities of trees and insects in tropical forests of French Guiana and Peru, to address the extent to which insect herbivores contribute to the turnover of tree species across strong environmental gradients. In Chapter 1, I studied how herbivorous insect communities can influence the composition of tree communities along an environmental gradient by reinforcing tradeoffs between defense and growth that promote habitat specialization (Chapter 1, Appendix 3). The complicated variation in the patterns of growth and defense from this study led me to pursue further observations of an alternative plant defense strategy of time-avoidance of herbivores, which I examined in detail in Chapter 2. I found evidence for coordinated leaf production in some tree species that was consistent with the satiation of herbivores, suggesting that multiple interactions between plants and their herbivores may be responsible for patterns of habitat specialization in trees. In the second part of the dissertation, I examined insect herbivore communities in detail to test for turnover in species composition across geographic and environmental gradients. In Chapter 3, I present evidence for substantial beta-diversity in arthropod communities throughout lowland Amazonian forests. In the discussion I propose research perspectives to complete this research, including the extension of observations to compare tropical and temperate regions and the integration of molecular phylogenetics information to study coevolution of plant lineages and their insect herbivores. I conclude with suggestions for the integration of the results of this thesis in local and regional strategies for the preservation and conservation of tropical forests in the Amazon basin
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Bertheau, Coralie Lieutier François. "Mécanismes d'adaptation des insectes forestiers à de nouveaux arbres hôtes une approche intégrative /." S. l. : S. n, 2009. ftp://ftp.univ-orleans.fr/theses/coralie.bertheau_1654.pdf.
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Riss, Bernard. "Substances antiappétantes pour insectes phytophages synthèse totale de la bisabolangelone /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376093967.
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Riss, Bernard. "Substances antiappetantes pour insectes phytophages : synthese totale de la bisabolangelone." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13030.
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Dans le cadre des substances antiappetantes pour insectes phytophages, nous presentons la premiere synthese totale de la bisabolangelone. Il s'agit d'un antiappetant sesquiterpenoide, present dans angelica silvestris. La strategie de synthese, fait appel a une reaction tres peu exploitee : l'additioon intramoleculaire d'un alcool sur une triple liaison. Cette reaction permet d'acceder au motif (methyl-3 butene-2 ylidene)-2 tetrahydrofuranne de facon stereospecifique. Dans un premier temps, l'etude d'un modele nous a permis de connaitre la versatilite et les limites d'application de cette reaction. Apres plusiurs tentatives infructueuses, nous sommes parvenus au produit cible. Au cours de cette synthese, nous avons ete confrontes aux reactions suivantes : aldolisations ; additions de lithiens acetyleniques ; cycloadditions 1-3 dipolaires ; protections et deprotection selectives de polyols
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Pflieger, Dominique. "Antiappétants pour insectes phytophages synthèse d'analogues de l'azadirachtine et de la bisabolangélone /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617474x.
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Pflieger, Dominique. "Antiappetants pour insectes phytophages : synthese d'analogues de l'azadirachtine et de la bisabolangelone." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13149.
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Muller, Karen. "Influence de la plante hôte sur les performances sexuelles des mâles et conséquences sur le potentiel reproductif des femelles phytophages." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS021/document.
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L’abondance des insectes phytophages est déterminée par l’influence de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui affectent leurs traits d’histoire de vie. Chez les espèces phytophages à reproduction sur capital, la qualité de la plante hôte sur laquelle les individus effectuent leur développement larvaire est un facteur critique affectant le succès reproducteur des adultes. Curieusement, si l’effet de la plante hôte sur le potentiel reproductif des femelles a été largement décrit, il n’a été que peu étudié sur celui des mâles. Par ailleurs, chez les lépidoptères, lors de l’accouplement, la femelle reçoit du mâle un cadeau nuptial sous la forme d’un spermatophore contenant des spermatozoïdes ainsi que des sécrétions produites par les glandes accessoires. Ces sécrétions constituent des bénéfices directs pour la femelle qui pourra les remobiliser pour augmenter sa fécondité. Mon projet de thèse vise à déterminer l’influence de la plante hôte sur les performances reproductives des mâles et d’en évaluer les conséquences sur le potentiel reproductif des femelles et sur l’évolution des stratégies de choix de partenaire chez un papillon ravageur de la vigne, l’Eudémis (Lobesia botrana). Les expériences menées au cours de ces trois années de thèse révèlent que la nutrition larvaire sur différents cépages de vigne module fortement les réserves énergétiques des mâles, affectant leur potentiel reproductif à travers la taille et le contenu des spermatophores qu’ils transfèrent aux femelles pendant l’accouplement. De plus, l’investissement du mâle dans la production de spermatophores décline au cours d’accouplements successifs, les mâles n’étant capables de produire qu’un seul spermatophore riche en nutriments au cours de leur vie. Ces deux facteurs (nutrition larvaire et expérience sexuelle), qui affectent fortement la qualité reproductive des mâles, ont d’importantes conséquences sur le potentiel reproductif de leur partenaire. En effet, les femelles recevant des spermatophores riches en nutriments et en spermatozoïdes ont plus de descendants que celles recevant des spermatophores de moins bonne qualité. Enfin, les femelles semblent capables de discriminer parmi les mâles en se basant sur des critères reflétant leur qualité reproductive, s’accouplant préférentiellement avec ceux leur procurant le plus de bénéfices directs. Ainsi, les résultats de cette thèse confirment l’importance d’intégrer l’effet mâle quand on s’intéresse à l’évolution des populations de phytophages. De plus, identifier les facteurs écologiques modulant les interactions entre les partenaires sexuels chez les espèces menaçant les cultures est crucial pour pouvoir optimiser les programmes de gestion de ces ravageursThe abundance of phytophagous insects is determined by numerous interacting biotic and abiotic factors. In capital-breeding phytophagous insects, larval host plant quality is a key determinant of the adult phenotype and the performance of both males and females. Curiously, if the effect of host plant quality on female reproductive success is well-established, little effort has been conducted to determine this effect on male reproductive success. Moreover, in Lepidoptera, males transfer to females a spermatophore containing sperm and accessory gland products rich in nutrients that could be reinvested into female reproduction. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how male larval nutrition on different host cultivars affects male reproductive traits which could, in turn, influence female reproductive output and mate choice strategies in an important grapevine pest, the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana). During these three years, we found that the host cultivar for the larvae strongly influences the energy reserves of male adult moths, affecting ultimately their reproductive potential through the size and content of spermatophores they transfer to females at mating. Moreover, male investment in the spermatophore declines over consecutives matings, suggesting that spermatophores are energetically expensive to produce in this monandrous capital breeding species. Thus ‘male quality’ depends on both the male larval origin and mating history, and females receiving protein-rich spermatophores at mating have an overall greater reproductive output than females mated with poor quality males producing less nutritionally rich spermatophores. Finally, females are able to discriminate among males and mate more with males having high sperm quality (virgin males or males from certain cultivars or geographical origins) to obtain substantial direct benefits.The results of this thesis confirm the importance of considering the “male effect” when trying to understand the evolution of phytophagous populations. Moreover, identifying the ecological conditions that influence the mating success of male and female in crop-pest species may lead to a better management of these crop pests
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Sachet, Jean-Marie. "Décalages temporels, spéciation et coexistance d'espèces au sein d'un groupe d'insectes phytophages : les mouches granivores des conifères Strobilomyia Michelsen (Diptera, Anthomyiidae." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10186.
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Les insectes phytophages spécialistes, compte tenu de leur considérable diversité spécifique, fournissent de nombreux mod~les pour l'étude des mécanismes de spéciation écologique. Le genre Strobilomyia nous a servi d'exemple pour évaluer l'importance de la spéciation par isolement temporel (ou allochronique) chez un insecte prédateur de graines et présente en effet une grande diversité écologique (trois genres de plante-hôte, plusieurs types phénologiques) et spécifique (20 espèces dont un nombre élevé d'espèces sympatriques exploitant le même hôte). Une première approche a consisté en la construction d'une phylogénie moléculaire du genre, qui révèle une radiation adaptative à son origine, ainsi que des différences de modes de spéciation selon la plante-hôte. La spéciation par décalage phénologique semble ainsi être le seul fait des espèces spécifiques du mélèze. Puis une étude des trois espèces de Strobilomyia spécifique du mélèze dans les Alpes françaises nous a permis de constater une diminution de la compétition interspécifique par rapport à la compétition intraspécifique, ce qui nous permet de valider un scénario d'accentuation des décalages phénologiques entre ces espèces par déplacement de caractère. Enfin, l'étude du comportement de diapause prolongée des trois mêmes espèces a mis en évidence deux stratégies distinctes déterminées par l'espèce, ce qui a vraisemblablement un impact important sur la coexistence de ce trois espèces. Nous avons donc montré l'implication de décalages temporels saisonniers et interannuels dans la différenciation et/ou la coexistence d'espèces dans un genre très diversifié d'insectes prédateurs de grainesPhytophagous specialist insects, with their tremendous species diversity, provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. We used the genus Strobilomyia to evaluate the importance of speciation by temporal (allochronic) isolation in an insect seed predator. It indeed presents a high number of species (20 including several sympatric species specific to the same host) and a large ecological diversity (three host-plant genera, several phonological types). Firstly, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the whole genus, which reveals an adaptive radiation at its origin, and different speciation modes according to the hosto Speciation by phonological shift seems to occur only in the species specific to larch. Secondly, we concentrated on the three species specific to larch in France, and found that interspecific competition was lower than intraspecific competition. This supports the hypothesis that the phenological gaps between these species evolved by character displacement. Finally, we studied the prolonged diapause of these three species and found two different strategies, and the individual choice is predominantly influenced by the species. These strategies likely influence the coexistence 01 the three species. Ln conclusion, we showed the influence of seasonal and interannual temporal shifts in the speciation and/or the coexistence of species in a very diversified genus of insect seed predators
Books on the topic "Phytophagan insects"
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Burov, V. N. Indut︠s︡irovannai︠a︡ ustoĭchivostʹ rasteniĭ k fitofagam = Induced plant resistance to phytophages. Moskva: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izdaniĭ KMK, 2012.
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Meyer, Hans, and Volker B. Pichinot. Kommentierte Liste der phytophagen Wirbellosenarten in Schleswig-Holstein. Neumünster: Wachholtz, 1998.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
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The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
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Todiras, Vladimír, and Dina Elisovetcaia. Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity. Edited by Raisa lvanova and Ján Brindza. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2020.9788055222783.
Full textAbstract:
The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
Book chapters on the topic "Phytophagan insects"
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Heimpel, George E., and Mark A. Jervis. "Phytophagy." In Insects As Natural Enemies, 525–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2625-6_8.
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Jervis, M. A., and N. A. C. Kidd. "Phytophagy." In Insect Natural Enemies, 375–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0013-7_6.
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Lieutier, François, and Marie-France Corio-Costet. "Chapitre 33. Interactions plantes-champignons-phytophages." In Interactions insectes-plantes, 495–509. IRD Éditions, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.22611.
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Nardon, Paul, and Abdelaziz Heddi. "Chapitre 7. La symbiose chez les insectes phytophages et granivores." In Interactions insectes-plantes, 127–36. IRD Éditions, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.22365.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Phytophagan insects"
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Pachkin, A. A., O. Y. Kremneva, and M. V. Ivanisova. "TESTING A LIGHT TRAP WITH A SEPARATING INSECT RECEIVER ON A SUNFLOWER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.215-218.
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The results of using an aspiration light trap for the mass capture of insects in the sunflower agrocenosis are presented. Its high efficiency in capturing phytophages (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) has been shown.In the period of 3-5 days, the trap was caught up to 600-800 individuals. The effectiveness of using a separating insect receiver is revealed. The use of separation has reduced the capture of useful and indifferent entomofauna by 52 times. During the experiment, massive oviposition of various species of scoops was noted in the cavity of the insect receiver
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Dolgov, V. V. "The influence of phytophages insects on the distribution and development of major sunflower diseases." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-99.
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The increase in demand for oilseeds in the Russian Federation has led to the problem of oversaturation of crop rotations with sunflower. Currently, the tendency to expand the sown areas of culture continues. In combination with the changed weather and climatic conditions, this leads to a change in the species composition of insects and pathogens of sunflower diseases, which provokes a deterioration in the phytosanitary state of the agrocenosis of the crop. The harm caused by insects can be not only direct, but also indirect - pathogenic organisms penetrate through the damage left by insects. Sunflower plants damaged by phytophagous insects are more often affected by diseases, viruses and phytoplasmas, which leads to a decrease in yield. Therefore, the study of the influence of phytophagous insects on the spread and development of the main diseases of sunflower is relevant.
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Donica, Ala, Andrei Crăciun, and Natalia Raileanu. "Monitoringul daunatorilor defoliatori arboretelor de cvercinee prin capcane feromonale (studiu de caz)." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.25.
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Studies on the monitoring of the most damaging defoliant species of oaks (Lymantria dispar and Totrix viridana) through pheromone traps in forest ecosystems are some of the rare achievements in this field, for our country. It has been shown that during the vegetation season there is an alternation of defoliant species, with the presence and development of the II generations, harmful to the foliar limb (the quantity of pests being higher during the first generations and reduced in the second generation). The activity of phytophagus insects was directly influenced by the climatic conditions in the studied areas, the presence of the nutrition source - oaks and the presence of the infestation source. Based on the evidence of males captured in the pheromone traps, digital maps of the spatial distribution of the imago of studied species were developed, which allowed the determination of the position, the direction of spreading and the size of the pests (the necessary studies in sustainable forest management).