Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phytoseiidae'
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Murrietta, Maria Elena. "SURVEY OF PHYTOSEIIDS (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) ON THE CENTRAL COAST OF CALIFORNIA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1388.
Full textSilva, Marcela Massaro Ribeiro da. "Potencial de diferentes fontes de alimento para a produção massal de ácaros predadores fitoseídeos (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-12032015-163508/.
Full textThe availability of biological control agents in Brazil is still low. This is due in part to the difficulties found in the production of those organisms, which often hampers their use. Phytoseiidae is a family of predatory mites commonly used as biological control agents of mite and small insect pests. Currently, these agents are mainly reared on infested plants with their natural prey. This type of rearing, although efficient, requires large areas, which increases production cost. To facilitate production, alternative food sources have been used. The aim of this study was to determine alternative food for mass production of the phytoseiids Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, Euseius concordis (Chant) and Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant and Baker). Initially, an oviposition test was conducted with 15 mite species of the cohort Astigmatina, five types of pollen and one species of bacteriophagous nematode. Amblyseius tamatavensis was the only one that presented satisfactory levels of oviposition when fed with astigmatins, reaching 2.6 eggs/female/day when fed with Thyreophagus n. sp. and 2.1 eggs/female/day when fed with Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau, 1879). Among the types of pollen, Ricinus communis L. induced the highest levels of oviposition, reaching 1.7 to 1.2 eggs/female/day for E. concordis and A. tamatavensis, respectively. Neoseiulus anonymus did not have satisfactory levels of oviposition on any type of pollen. Regarding the nematode (Protohabditis sp.), only A. tamatavensis had satisfactory level of oviposition on this prey (1.2 eggs/female/day). Based on these results, fertility life tables were constructed only for A. tamatavensis fed with Thyreophagus n. sp. and with A. ovatus. As in the oviposition test, the best performance was obtained with Thyreophagus n. sp., on which the following life table parameters were obtained: rm (0.19), T (12.8), Ro (11.47) and λ (1.2). Considering these promising results, a preliminary test for the mass rearing of A. tamatavensis was initiated using the method described by Freire and Moraes (2007). When 200 predators were initially introduced to each rearing unit, the number of predators increased 34 times within 30 days. This result indicated that A. tamatavensis may be mass produced with the use of Thyreophagus n. sp. as prey.
Kanouh, Mohamad. "Etudes taxonomiques de deux genres d'acariens prédateurs de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) : Phytoseiulus Evans et Neoseiulella Muma." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0029/document.
Full textThe present classification of the family Phytoseiidae is not based on solid phylogenetic studies and therefore, many taxonomic questions still arise, concerning the validity of supra-specific and specific taxa identified to-date. This thesis thus aimed to answer such questions for two genera, Phytoseiulus and Neoseiulella, using for the first time molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Biogeographic analyses have been also carried out. Results obtained by both morphological and molecular approaches are congruent and seem to show that both genera are not monophyletic: Phytoseiulus seems paraphyletic whereas Neoseiulella seems polyphyletic. These results are different from those obtained with previous revisions of these two taxa. Furthermore, this study allowed to conclude on five synonymies within the genus Neoseiulella. The observation of nearly the totality of the species belonging to the genus Neoseiulella permitted to redefine this genus, excluding three species and discussing some synonymies. Lastly, an identification key of the adult females was proposed for the valid species of the genus Neoseiulella. Further experiments, including molecular investigations, are however still required in order to obtain more reliable conclusions on the evolutionary relationships of the studied taxa
Ferreira, Camila Tavares. "Fontes do pólen importantes na manutenção das espécies mais comuns de ácaros predadores em pomares cítricos na região de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-25072017-162441/.
Full textThe State of Amazonas is the second largest producer of orange in the northern region of Brazil, with potential to expand its production. However, supply is still insufficient; about 60% of the citrus consumed in Amazonas come from other regions. The importation of fruits from other regions facilitates the introduction of new pests and pathogens. However, the leprosis, caused by a virus transmitted by Brevipalpus yothersi Baker, the leprosis mite, has still not been cited as a problem for the state. The small amount of the leprosis mite and the presence of predatory mites in the orchard may be the explanation for this. The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of the leprosis mite and other mites associated with it in Manaus region, and the possible effect of pollen of plants commonly found in citrus orchards of this region in the maintenance of phytoseiid predators in this crop. From 1,614 mites collected in citrus plants, 616 belong to predominantly predatory groups, 541 to predominantly phytophagous groups and 457 to groups of varied feeding habits. Among the phytophagous species, B. yothersi was the only representative of Tenuipalpidae, with 192 specimens. Greater diversity was observed for the Tetranychidae, represented by four species. Among predators, Phytoseiidae was the most diverse family, represented by 14 species, and most abundant, with 694 specimens. The two most abundant phytoseiid species, Amblyseius aerialis Muma and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark and Muma, were selected for laboratory evaluations, consisting in the determination of oviposition rates on pollen of 14 plant species, one type of pollen commercially available and pollen collected by two bee species. Higher oviposition levels of A. aerialis were obtained when it was fed with oil palm, cattail, coconut and commercial pollen (1.5, 1.9, 0.9 and 0.9 egg/female/day, respectively). For I. zuluagai, highest oviposition levels were obtained when fed oil palm, coconut, cattail, peach palm and American oil pollen (1.6, 1.5, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.9 egg/female/day, respectively). These types of pollen are potentially useful as alternative food sources for those predators, and these plants may play an important role in the maintenance of low populations of B. yothersi in citrus orchards in Manaus region.
Rezende, Daniela Duarte Monteiro. "Resistência a acaricidas em Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3915.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The predatory mite Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has great potential as a biological control agent of spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). However, chemical control may adversely affect the effectiveness of this predator. An alternative that would exploit the potential presented by P. macropilis as natural enemy of spider mite would be the selection of individuals resistant to pesticides from major collections in the areas of cash crops, since these individuals would be under constant selective pressure of one or more pesticides. Thus, the objective was to identify individuals of P. macropilis resistant to acaricides abamectin and dimethoate and possible fitness cost linked to this resistance. It took account of these two pesticides with insecticide-acaricide action because they are more invested in strawberry crops in the state of Minas Gerais for the control of spider mite. To that end, this dissertation were evaluated: i) the lethal toxicity of the acaricides abamectin and dimethoate on two populations of P. macropilis, coming from a conventional farming in the region of Barbacena-MG and the other from a greenhouse on the campus of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, ii) the instantaneous rate of increase (ri), rate of predation on spider mite and capacity foraging to volatile plant infested with spider mite for the two populations of P. macropilis. It was concluded that the population collected in conventional system in the region of Barbacena showed resistance to dimethoate and that this resistance is not associated with fitness cost compared to susceptible individuals.
O ácaro predador Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) possui grande potencial como agente de controle biológico do ácaro-rajado Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). No entanto, o controle químico pode interferir negativamente na efetividade deste predador. Uma alternativa que permitiria explorar o potencial apresentado por P. macropilis como inimigo natural do ácaro-rajado seria a seleção de indivíduos resistentes aos principais pesticidas a partir de coletas em áreas de cultivos comerciais, pois estes indivíduos estariam sob pressão seletiva constante de um ou mais pesticidas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar indivíduos de P. macropilis resistentes aos acaricidas abamectina e dimetoato e o possível custo adaptativo ligado a esta resistência. Levou-se em consideração estes dois pesticidas com ação acaricida-inseticida por serem os mais aplicados em cultivos de morangueiro no estado de Minas Gerais para o controle do ácaro-rajado. Para tanto, nesta dissertação foram avaliados: i) A toxicidade letal dos acaricidas abamectina e dimetoato sobre duas populações de P. macropilis, uma oriunda de cultivo convencional da região de Barbacena-MG e a outra proveniente de casa de vegetação do campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa; ii) A taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (ri), taxa de predação sobre o ácaro-rajado e capacidade de forrageamento a voláteis de plantas infestadas com o ácaro-rajado para as duas populações de P. macropilis. Concluiu-se que a população coletada em cultivo convencional na região de Barbacena apresentou resistência a dimetoato e que esta resistência não está associada a custo adaptativo em relação a indivíduos susceptíveis.
Vacacela, Ajila Henry Eduardo. "Ricoseius loxocheles (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE): relações biológicas e fontes alimentares." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6792.
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O café constitui um dos principais produtos agrícolas mundiais devido às grandes rendas econômicas que gera nos países onde é cultivado. Nesta cultura, comumente podemos observar pragas como Brevipalpus phoenicis e doenças como Hemileia vastatrix que podem ocasionar grandes perdas econômicas, caso medidas de controle não sejam tomadas. O controle destas pragas e doenças usualmente é feito com a aplicação de agrotóxicos, que podem ocasionar problemas tanto nas pragas que se deseja atingir (resistência) como nos inimigos naturais que podem ser afetados indiretamente. O controle biológico torna-se uma opção viável para a diminuição do uso de agrotóxicos e o ácaros predadores fitoseídeos são objeto de muitas pesquisas sobre sua capacidade de explorar diversos recursos na sua alimentação e sua aplicabilidade nesse tipo de controle. O predador Ricoseius loxocheles (Ácari: Phytoseiidae) tem a capacidade de se alimentar e carregar esporos de ferrugem do cafeeiro e por ser membro de uma família de ácaros predadores possui potencial para agente de controle biológico. No entanto, pouca informação existe sobre sua função ecológica no sistema cafeeiro. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar a capacidade predatória de R. loxocheles sobre B. phoenicis e o desempenho do fitoseídeo em diferentes fontes alternativas de alimento avaliando sua sobrevivência e reprodução. Os resultados mostraram que o ácaro B. phoenicis não representa uma presa potencial para o fitoseídeo R. loxocheles, já que o sucesso reprodutivo desse ácaro predador foi negativo quando unicamente tinha a presença da praga, ocasionando a morte do fitoseídeo. O crescimento populacional (ri) de R. loxocheles foi positivo em mudas de café infectadas por ferrugem. Adicionalmente, foi demonstrado que o ácaro aproveita diversos recursos alimentícios alternativos, como ferrugem de café, ferrugem de trevo e o pólen de taboa para seu sucesso reprodutivo. Das fontes testadas, apenas o pólen apícola foi o único recurso não viável que reduziu a oviposição e ocasionou a sua morte.
Coffee is one of the main crops in the world, due to the large economic importance that generates in the countries where it is cultivated. This culture is commonly attacked by some pests and diseases, such as Brevipalpus phoenicis and Hemileia vastatrix, respectively, that can produce great economic losses if a not appropriate control is used. The control of these pests and diseases is usually done applying chemicals products that can cause several problems: the target pests can become resistant and the natural enemies can be also indirectly affected. So, biological control becomes a viable option for the reduction of pesticide use, considering that the phytoseiids has been the subject of many studies due their ability to explore various food sources. The phytoseiid mite Ricoseius loxocheles (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has the ability to feed and carry coffee leaf rust spores. However, the little information about this behavior limits to understand their role in agricultural systems, especially in the coffee crops. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the predatory ability of R. loxocheles on B. phoenicis and the performance (survival and reproduction) of this phytoseiid on different food sources. The results showed that B. phoenicis does not represent a potential prey for R. loxocheles, considering that the reproductive success of this predatory mite was negative when this pest was the diet, resulting in the death of the phytoseiid. Population growth (ri) of R. loxocheles was positive on coffee plants infected by the rust, but the mite had also good population performance on several alternative food resources, such as coffee rust, rust clover and the cattail pollen for their reproductive success. However, from all alternative food sources tested bee pollen was the only non-viable resource that reduced oviposition of R. loxocheles and caused the death of the phytoseiid mite.
Freitas, Juliano Antonio de. "Controle biológico de Tetranychus urticae ( Acari: Tetranychidae) em morangueiro no sul de Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-04122014-085941/.
Full textStrawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne, has been extensively cultivated in southern Minas Gerais. Pest and disease outbreaks have caused losses to growers in this region. Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), has been considered a major pest of strawberry in this region, where it is mainly controlled with the use of synthetic acaricides, producing results not always satisfactory, apparently due to the selection of resistant populations. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae are the predominant predators of other mites in crops and on plants of the natural vegetation. About 2,700 phytoseiid species are presently known, of which nearly 200 have been found in Brazil. These are also found on strawberry in southern Minas Gerais, but nothing is known about their occurrence in plants of the natural vegetation surrounding these crops. Some studies have been conducted in that region for the implementation of practical biological control of twospotted spider mite on strawberry. The objectives of this study were: a) to compare twospotted spider mite population levels on representative plantations of organic and conventional production systems; b) to determine the similarity of the phytoseiid fauna on strawberry crops grown organically and in the natural vegetation surrounding them; c) to demonstrate the ability to grow strawberry without the use of pesticides in this region. For the first part of the study, two strawberry growers were selected in each of three municipalities, one adopting the conventional growing system and the other the organic producing system. Difference between mean two-spotted spider mite population levels in those systems was not statistically significant. Neoseiulus califonicus (McGregor), Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant) and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) were found on strawberry plants and also in the natural vegetation. The results suggested that N. anonymus may be more appropriate than N. californicus for spider mite control in Cambuí. In the second part of the study, the effect of different treatments on spider mite population in were evaluated in crop established in Inconfidentes, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments consisted of the application of the fungi Isaria fumosorosea Wize and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill , of N. anonymus , of the adjuvant KBRAdj , of abamectina and a control treatment. Despite the low levels of occurrence of mite in all treatments, the number of two-spotted spider mite in the plots where N. anonymus was released was significantly lower than in the plots treated with Abamectina. This work led to the following conclusions: a) the population density of the mite is approximately the same in plantations of organic and conventional production systems; b) the diversity of predatory mites in fields of organic cultivation is higher than in fields of conventional cultivation; c) the vegetation in the vicinity of strawberry fields is important as reservoir of the predatory mites found in strawberry fields; d) Strawberry production in southern Minas Gerais can be done without the use of synthetic acaricides.
Amaral, Felipe Santa Rosa do. "Ecobiologia das espécies Amblyseius aerialis e Amblyseius chiapensis (Acari : Phytoseiidae) /." São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151194.
Full textBanca: Gilberto José de Moraes
Banca: Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim Jr.
Resumo: Phytoseiidae é uma família de ácaros considerados predadores, sendo alguns desses amplamente utilizados em programas de controle biológico em várias regiões do globo terrestre. No entanto, considerada a diversidade do grupo, pouco se sabe a respeito das características ecobiológicas das espécies. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar os parâmetros biológicos de duas espécies: Amblyseius aerialis Muma e Amblyseius chiapensis DeLeon, através de dois experimentos. O primeiro, para observar a oviposição dessas espécies com diferentes alimentos, incluindo varias possíveis presas, e o segundo para avaliar todo ciclo biológico com o alimento mais favorável. No primeiro caso, o objetivo foi observar os alimentos utilizados, e se há ou não semelhanças no padrão das dietas desses dois fitoseídeos. No segundo, o objetivo foi determinar os parâmetros de desenvolvimento e reprodução das espécies, visando à possibilidade do seu uso como agente de controle biológico em relação à presa utilizada como alimento. Os testes de oviposição consistiram da avaliação da oviposição média em um período de seis dias. Os dados mostram um padrão de alimentação diferente para as duas espécies avaliadas, principalmente em relação aos prováveis alimentos preferenciais, uma vez que dois dos alimentos mais favoráveis à oviposição de A. chiapensis - Tetranychus urticae Koch e Lorryia formosa Cooreman- proporcionaram oviposições praticamente insignificantes para A. aerialis. Para...
Abstract: Phytoseiidae is a family which includes mites considered predators, some of which are widely used in biological control programs around the world. However, considering the diversity of the group little is known about the biological features. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biological parameters of two species: Amblyseius aerialis Muma and Amblyseius chiapensis Cooreman, through two experiments. The first to observe the oviposition of these species with different foods, including several probable prey, and a second to evaluate the whole biological cycle with the most favorable food. In the first case the objective was to observe the foods used, and whether or not there are similarities in the pattern of the diets of these two phytoseiids. In the second, the objective was to determine the development and reproduction parameters of the species, aiming their use as biological control agent in relation to prey used as food. The oviposition tests consisted of evaluation of oviposition in a period of six days. The results showed a different feeding pattern for the two species tested, especially in relation to the probable preferential foods, since two of the foods most favorable to oviposition of A. chiapensis - Tetranychus urticae Koch and Lorryia formosa Cooremanprovide almost negligible ovipositions for A. aerialis. To evaluate more detailed biological parameters, each species of phytoseiid was submitted to a biological test offering the prey that provided the best result in the oviposition test as food. Our results show that both A. aerialis and A. chiapensis are predators capable of developing and ovipositing feeding on prey Raoiella indica Hirst and T. urticae, respectively. Due to the wide geographical distribution and frequency in which both predators are found in nature, we suggest that they may play an important role in the natural control of these preys. About the applied biological control, A. chiapensis presents as a potential
Mestre
Oliveira, Cleber Macedo de. "Interactions of Ricoseius loxocheles (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and coffee leaf rust." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3951.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O cafeeiro apresenta perdas econômicas devido a pragas e doenças. Entre as pragas, os ácaros fitófagos merecem atenção devido à redução da área fotossintética. Além dos danos dos ácaros, alguns patógenos também atacam plantas de café como a ferrugem-do-cafeeiro, Hemileia vastatrix (Uredinales). Este patógeno causa perdas de produtividade de 30% em algumas variedades de Coffea arabica. Ácaros da família Phytoseiidae normalmente controlam populações de ácaros fitófagos e podem desenvolver-se e reproduzirem usando diversas fontes alimentares, além dos ácaros presa. Dentro da família Phytoseiidae, que é composto por ácaros carnívoros e os que se alimentam de pólen, em levantamentos foi encontrado a espécie Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) sobre áreas de necrose causada pela ferrugem do cafeeiro, durante sua fase reprodutiva. Existem poucas informações sobre o seu desenvolvimento, parâmetros biológicos e hábitos alimentares. Avaliou-se a taxonomia, desenvolvimento, parâmetros de sobrevivência e reprodução de R. loxocheles alimentando-se de urediosporos da ferrugem do cafeeiro e sua capacidade predatória e sucesso reprodutivo sobre Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1971). Uredosporos da ferrugem-do-cafeeiro apoiaram a sobrevivência, desenvolvimento e reprodução do ácaro fitoseídeo estudado e este não foi capaz de predar O. ilicis. A sobrevivência e oviposição de R. loxocheles só foi observada quando este ácaro alimentou-se de ferrugem. Em arenas sem o fungo esses parâmetros foram iguais as arenas sem alimento. A reprodução tem a exigência nutricional mais elevada do que o desenvolvimento. R. loxocheles alimentados com ferrugem obteve parâmetros reprodutivos mais elevados do que outros fitoseídeos alimentados em outros fungos, alguns ácaros ou pólen. Conclui-se que este ácaro é um fitoseídeo generalista e são necessários mais estudos para medir a capacidade de alimentarem-se em outras fontes alimentares, tais como ácaros fitófagos pragas do cafeeiro. É possível que R. loxocheles tenha um papel no controle da ferrugem do cafeeiro, uma vez que se alimenta de uma grande quantidade de uredosporos da ferrugem.
Coffee crops have economic losses due pests and diseases. Among them, the phytophagous mites deserve attention due to the reducing photosynthetic area caused on the leaves. Besides of mite damages, some pathogens also attack coffee plants, as the coffee rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix (Uredinales). This pathogen cause yield losses around 30% in some varieties of Coffea arabica. Predatory mites from the Phytoseiidae family normally control phytophagous mites and can develop and reproduce using various alternative food sources than their primary prey, tetranychid mites. Within the Phytoseiidae family that is composed by carnivorous and pollen-feeding mites, we surveyed in the field the species Ricoseius loxocheles (De Leon) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on the necrosis area caused by coffee rust during its reproductive phase. Searching in the literature showed that there is little information related to this mite development, biological parameters and feeding habits. So, this study was carried out to assess the taxonomy, development, survivorship and reproduction parameters of R. loxocheles feeding on coffee rust fungus, its predation capacity on Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1971) and its reproductive success. Coffee rust supported the survival, development and reproduction of the phytoseiid mite and that it was not able to feed on different stages of O. ilicis. Survival and oviposition of R. loxocheles was only observed when this mite was in arenas with fungi. In arenas without fungi these parameters were equal as arenas without food. It is known that reproduction has a higher nutritional requirement than development. The fertility of R. loxocheles fed on coffee rust is highest that the other phytoseiid fed in others fungi or some mites or pollen. We suggest that this mite is a phytoseiid generalist and it is necessary more studies to measure the ability of this mite specie to feed on other food sources, such as herbivore mites pests of coffee crops. It is possible that R. loxocheles has a role in the control of coffee rust since it feeds on a large amount of rust uredospore.
Picoli, Pedro Renan Ferreira [UNESP]. "Aceria litchii (Keifer) em lichia: ocorrência sazonal, danos provocados e identificação de possíveis agentes de controle biológico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98820.
Full textA lichia é uma fruta de grande valor econômico. A cultura da lichia pode ser muito danificada pela infestação do ácaro Aceria litchii (Keifer), sua principal praga. Pouco se conhece sobre os padrões de ocorrência e de diversidade de comunidades de ácaros associados a essa cultura no Brasil, sendo que esse conhecimento é básico e imprescindível na elaboração de propostas de manejo dessa praga. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos acompanhar a ocorrência de A. litchii em plantas de lichia no município de Casa Branca, estado de São Paulo, caracterizar os sintomas de danos decorrentes do seu desenvolvimento e identificar possíveis agentes de controle biológico dessa praga. A ocorrência de A. litchii e os danos provocados foram acompanhados em quatro árvores adultas, de 12 anos de idade, da variedade Bengal. Para isso, mensalmente, de cada planta, foram coletadas quatro extremidades de ramo com aproximadamente 0,5 m de comprimento, no período de agosto de 2008 a agosto de 2009. Os ácaros predadores foram avaliados em dois ramos de 0,30 m de comprimento. As variáveis consideradas para A. litchii foram: porcentagem de folhas atacadas, número de galhas nas folhas, número de ácaros em galhas presentes em folhas e gemas. Os predadores foram montados em lâmina de microscopia, identificados e contados. Nas galhas foram observadas formas brancas e vermelhas, ambas identificadas como A. litchii. A maior quantidade das duas formas foi registrada em outubro de 2008, com o número de formas vermelhas superando o de brancas. Ambas foram registradas em maior quantidade em folhas novas. Formas brancas em folhas novas apresentaram correlação negativa com o aumento da temperatura e da evapotranspiração. A infestação de A. litchii resultou em intensa erinose. Inicialmente surgiram eríneos claros na página inferior das folhas novas, que...
The lychee is a fruit of great economic value. The culture of litchi can be very damaged by the infestation of the Aceria litchii (Keifer) mite, their main pest. Little is known about the patterns of occurrence and diversity of communities of mites associated with this crop in Brazil, and this knowledge is basic and essential in preparing proposals for the management of this pest. The work objectives were study the occurrence of A. litchii on litchi plants in the municipality of Casa Branca, state of Sao Paulo, to characterize the symptoms of damage resulting from its development and identify possible biological control agents of this pest. The occurrence of A. litchii and the damage caused were observed in four adult 12-year-old trees of the Bengal variety. For this four branch extremities, approximately 0.5 m long, were collected every month from each plant from August 2008 to August 2009. The predators mites were evaluate on two branches, 0.3 m long. The variables considered for A. litchii were: percentage of attacked leaves, number of galls on the leaves, number of mites present in galls on leaves and buds. Predators were mounted on microscope slide, identified and counted. In the galls were observed red and white forms, both identified as A. litchii. The greatest amount of both forms was recorded in October 2008, with the number of the red forms overcoming of the white forms. Both were recorded in larger amounts in young leaves. White forms in young leaves were negatively correlated with increasing temperature and evapotranspiration. The infestation of A. litchii resulted in intense erinose. Initially erineos were clear on the underside of young leaves, and were gradually darkening and taking the leaf surface. Galls with erineos clear were positively correlated with the number of white forms in young leaves, indicating that these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Okassa, Mireille. "Congruence entre différenciation morphologique et moléculaire (Barcode moléculaire) pour sept espèces de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) :." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0024/document.
Full textThe family Phytoseiidae includes numerous species of huge interest for biological control of mite pests, essentially belonging to the families Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae. Identification and description of Phytoseiidae species are mainly based on morphological characters. However, taxonomists have to face several problems for species diagnostic because of : (1) their small size (low number of visible characters), (2) little information on the diagnostic value of some characters considered as discriminant, and at last (3) diagnostic only reliable at female stage. In this context, the present works aims to determine how molecular approaches can assist traditionnal diagnostic. For this, we studied the intra- and interspecific variations (morphological and molecular) of seven agronomic important species, in order to compare the ability of four molecular markers (12S rRNA, Cytb mtDNA, COI mtDNA et ITS) to discriminate between species. We first show that molecular markers could be of great help for differentiating species at all life stages. Moreover, we show the importance of the spermatheca calyx shape for separating two species of the genus Euseius, and a new specie was then described. We also emphasize that both mitochondrial and nuclear markers differentiate morphological close species. However, some cautions have to be paid on the conclusions developped (different species or different populations within a same species) when only mitochondrial markers are used. At last, we underline that decision rules (treshold cutt-off values) are difficult (1) to establish with these latter markers and also (2) to generalise for the accurate differentiation of the Phytoseiidae species belonging to the two sub-families considered. To conclude, this work clearly emphasizes the importance of integrative taxonomy, including an « up-and-down » analysis of molecular, morphological and ecological data, to secure the specific diagnostic among the family Phytoseiidae
Furtado, Imeuda Peixoto. "Biossistemática e biologia de espécies de Euseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associadas à mandioca." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20181127-155831/.
Full textnot available
Noronha, Aloyséia Cristina da Silva. "Caracterização morfológica e molecular de ácaros predadores do gênero Euseius (Acari, Phytoseiidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-15072002-173031/.
Full textPhytoseiidae mites are efficient predators of pest mites on several crops. Precise identification is the initial step in the selection of natural enemies in a biological control project. Mites are usually identified by their morphology, but biological and ecological aspects and, more recently, molecular characteristics have also been used in this process. Populations of phytoseiid mites identified as Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma from Arroio do Meio-RS, Campinas-SP and Petrolina-PE, and E. concordis (Chant) from Arroio do Meio, Jaguariúna-SP, Petrolina Pontes e Lacerda-MT and Viçosa-MG were studied in relation to morphology, reproductive compatibility and molecular characteristics. Morphological characterization corresponded to measurements of structures of females and males. Reproductive compatibility was evaluated by homogamic and heterogamic crosses and backcrosses. Molecular characterization was done by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS2). Significant relationships were observed within each population between mean setal lengths and the respective ranges. Both sexes of E. citrifolius from Petrolina and E. concordis from Jaguariúna had some setae shorter than other populations of the same species; the latter differed most markedly from the Petrolina population. A comparison of the measurements of structures for each population and type specimens of E. citrifolius and E. concordis confirmed the preliminary morphological identification of the populations at species level. Measurements of males resulting from heterogamic crosses indicated that both species reproduce by pseudo-arrhenotoky. Partial incompatibility was observed in heterogamic crosses involving females of E. citrifolius from Petrolina; progeny produced just few, unviable eggs when backcrossed with males of the parental populations. Males from Petrolina produced viable offspring when crossed with females from Arroio do Meio or Campinas. No eggs were produced in heterogamic crosses and backcrosses involving females of E. concordis from Petrolina. In heterogamic crosses involving males from Petrolina, oviposition was reduced and only (viable) males were produced. Crosses of females from Pontes e Lacerda and males from Jaguariúna and vice-versa produced only male progeny. However, gene flow between those population could be possible indirectly, through crosses between those populations and Arroio do Meio population. Populations from Arroio do Meio, Jaguariúna, Pontes e Lacerda and Viçosa belong to a same species. Most of the molecular variation between populations was observed in ITS1. The sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2 allowed the discrimination between the group of populations identified as E. citrifolius from that identified as E. concordis. With the information presently available, sequencing of ITSs can be applied as a complementary tool to identify phytoseiids. Despite the fact that some type of differences were always observed in this thesis between the Petrolina population preliminarily identified as E. concordis and the remaining populations, it is not convenient to describe such population as a new species presently, given the difficulty in separating individuals from that population from those of populations identified as E. concordis. For a conclusion, it is suggested that other crossing studies be conducted with populations morphologically identifiable as E. concordis collected between Petrolina and Viçosa, and that the characterization of the cytochrome oxidase gene be conducted.
Cruz, Wilton Pires da [UNESP]. "Ácaros associados a palmeiras na Amazônia, com ênfase nos Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128039.
Full textO ácaro Raoiella indica Hirst causa prejuízos significativos em palmeiras em áreas do Caribe e no continente americano. O controle biológico tem sido considerado como uma forma de reduzir a população desta praga. Os ácaros da família Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) são os mais estudados e utilizados em controle biológico de ácaros-praga. Amblyseius largoensis Muma é apontado como possível controlador de R. indica. O coqueiro é o principal hospedeiro de R. indica, mas este ácaro também foi relatado em palma de óleo. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer a acarofauna associada ao coqueiro e à palma de óleo na região de Manaus, nordeste do estado do Amazonas, analisando o potencial dos predadores fitoseídeos encontrados, determinar a ocorrência de R. indica e outros ácaros em quatro épocas distintas em coqueiros, comparar a abundância e diversidade dos ácaros de diferentes genótipos de palma de óleo. Um total de 42.225 ácaros foi contabilizado em coqueiro. Nos folíolos, 73,9% dos ácaros eram predominantemente fitófagos, 6,1% predadores e 20,0% de outros hábitos alimentares. Eriophyoidea foram os ácaros predominantemente fitófagos mais abundantes em folíolos (57%), correspondendo, no entanto, a apenas 4,0% nos frutos. Raoiella indica correspondeu a apenas 1,7% dos ácaros encontrados. Os fitoseídeos foram de longe os mais abundantes em coqueiro (42,5% dos predadores). As espécies Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) (254 espécimes), Euseius alatus De Leon (85) e Amblydromalus n. sp. (58), foram os fitoseídeos mais abundantes em coqueiro. Os Cunaxidae corresponderam a 64% dos fitoseídeos. A densidade de ácaros em geral somente foi maior no caiaué no período chuvoso. Cerca de 91,1% de todos os ácaros encontrados na palma de óleo eram fitófagos, predadores correspondendo a apenas 3,8% nestas plantas. As espécies de fitoseídeos mais abundantes na palma de óleo foram Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker, Iphiseiodes...
The mite Raoiella indica Hirst causes significant damage to palm trees in the Carribean area and American continent. Biological control has been considered as a possible means to control this pest. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) are the most extensively predators for biological control of pest mites. Amblyseius largoensis Muma is pointed as a possible control agent of R. indica. Coconut tree is the main host of R. indica, but this pest has also been found on oil palm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mite fauna on coconut trees and oil palms, in Manaus region, northeastern Amazonas state, analyzing the potential of phytoseiid predators, to determine the occurrence of R. indica and other mites in four distinct periods on coconut trees and to compare the abundance and diversity of the mites of different genotypes of oil palm. A total of 42,225 mites was counted in coconut tree. On the leaflets, 73.9% of the mites were predominantly phytophagous, 6.1% predators and 20.0% of other feeding habits. Eriophyoidea were the predominantly phytophagous mites most abundant on leaflets (57.0%). However, only 4.0% of these were found on fruits. Raoiella indica corresponded to only 1.7 % of the mites found. Phytoseiids were by far the most abundant predators on coconut trees (42.5% of the predators). Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) (254 espécimes), Euseius alatus De Leon (85) and Amblydromalus n. sp. (58) were the most abundant phytoseiids on coconut trees. Cunaxidae corresponded to 64.0% of the phytoseiids. The density of mites in general was only larger in the caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) in the period of intense rainfall. About 91.1% of all mites found on oil palms were phytophagous, predators representing only 3.8%. The species most abundant phytoseiids on the oil palms were Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker, Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon, Amblyseius vasiformis Moraes & Mesa and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma. In ...
Cruz, Wilton Pires da. "Ácaros associados a palmeiras na Amazônia, com ênfase nos Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128039.
Full textBanca: Raphael Campos Castilho
Banca: Daniel Junior Andrade
Banca: Marcos Roberto Bellini
Banca: Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro
Resumo: O ácaro Raoiella indica Hirst causa prejuízos significativos em palmeiras em áreas do Caribe e no continente americano. O controle biológico tem sido considerado como uma forma de reduzir a população desta praga. Os ácaros da família Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) são os mais estudados e utilizados em controle biológico de ácaros-praga. Amblyseius largoensis Muma é apontado como possível controlador de R. indica. O coqueiro é o principal hospedeiro de R. indica, mas este ácaro também foi relatado em palma de óleo. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer a acarofauna associada ao coqueiro e à palma de óleo na região de Manaus, nordeste do estado do Amazonas, analisando o potencial dos predadores fitoseídeos encontrados, determinar a ocorrência de R. indica e outros ácaros em quatro épocas distintas em coqueiros, comparar a abundância e diversidade dos ácaros de diferentes genótipos de palma de óleo. Um total de 42.225 ácaros foi contabilizado em coqueiro. Nos folíolos, 73,9% dos ácaros eram predominantemente fitófagos, 6,1% predadores e 20,0% de outros hábitos alimentares. Eriophyoidea foram os ácaros predominantemente fitófagos mais abundantes em folíolos (57%), correspondendo, no entanto, a apenas 4,0% nos frutos. Raoiella indica correspondeu a apenas 1,7% dos ácaros encontrados. Os fitoseídeos foram de longe os mais abundantes em coqueiro (42,5% dos predadores). As espécies Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) (254 espécimes), Euseius alatus De Leon (85) e Amblydromalus n. sp. (58), foram os fitoseídeos mais abundantes em coqueiro. Os Cunaxidae corresponderam a 64% dos fitoseídeos. A densidade de ácaros em geral somente foi maior no caiaué no período chuvoso. Cerca de 91,1% de todos os ácaros encontrados na palma de óleo eram fitófagos, predadores correspondendo a apenas 3,8% nestas plantas. As espécies de fitoseídeos mais abundantes na palma de óleo foram Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker, Iphiseiodes...
Abstract: The mite Raoiella indica Hirst causes significant damage to palm trees in the Carribean area and American continent. Biological control has been considered as a possible means to control this pest. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) are the most extensively predators for biological control of pest mites. Amblyseius largoensis Muma is pointed as a possible control agent of R. indica. Coconut tree is the main host of R. indica, but this pest has also been found on oil palm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mite fauna on coconut trees and oil palms, in Manaus region, northeastern Amazonas state, analyzing the potential of phytoseiid predators, to determine the occurrence of R. indica and other mites in four distinct periods on coconut trees and to compare the abundance and diversity of the mites of different genotypes of oil palm. A total of 42,225 mites was counted in coconut tree. On the leaflets, 73.9% of the mites were predominantly phytophagous, 6.1% predators and 20.0% of other feeding habits. Eriophyoidea were the predominantly phytophagous mites most abundant on leaflets (57.0%). However, only 4.0% of these were found on fruits. Raoiella indica corresponded to only 1.7 % of the mites found. Phytoseiids were by far the most abundant predators on coconut trees (42.5% of the predators). Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) (254 espécimes), Euseius alatus De Leon (85) and Amblydromalus n. sp. (58) were the most abundant phytoseiids on coconut trees. Cunaxidae corresponded to 64.0% of the phytoseiids. The density of mites in general was only larger in the caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) in the period of intense rainfall. About 91.1% of all mites found on oil palms were phytophagous, predators representing only 3.8%. The species most abundant phytoseiids on the oil palms were Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker, Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon, Amblyseius vasiformis Moraes & Mesa and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma. In ...
Doutor
Bjornson, Susan Eleanor. "Morphology and pathology of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: phytoseiidae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ34738.pdf.
Full textGuy, Jessica Jayne. "Cytogenetics and endosymbionts of mass reared Phytoseiidae mites used as biological control agents." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78072/.
Full textPorto, Morgana Maria Fonseca. "Intraguild interactions between the predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11825.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os ácaros predadores são comumente usados como agentes de controle biológico e as espécies Phytoseiulus macropilis e Neoseiulus californicus têm sido consideradas para serem liberadas em conjunto para controlar uma importante praga, o ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae. Porque predadores que interagem podem interferir uns com os outros, um passo importante para a liberação bem-sucedida de múltiplos predadores em programas de controle biológico requer determinar como os predadores respondem à presença uns dos outros e se eles estão envolvidos em interações intraguilda. Diante disso, inicialmente, foi investigado se esses dois ácaros predadores evitam a presença um do outro. Sabe-se que predadores e parasitoides podem usar voláteis associados à presença de espécies competidoras quando forrageiam por áreas com presas ou hospedeiros. Portanto, foi analisado se as duas espécies de predadores usam substâncias voláteis que emanam de plantas com presas e heteroespecíficos para evitar locais de presa com a outra espécie de predador. Além disso, foi avaliado se esses predadores interagem através da predação intraguilda, em que predadores competidores matam e comem-se uns aos outros. No entanto, como não há consenso em relação aos critérios para avaliar a ocorrência de tal interação, primeiro foi explorado os critérios existentes e então foi sugerido diretrizes para o desenho de experimentos. Com base nessas diretrizes, foi investigado tanto a capacidade de P. macropilis e N. californicus para matar os estágios da outra espécie como a capacidade de se beneficiar alimentando-se destes estágios, ambos pré-requisitos para a ocorrência de predação intraguilda. As descobertas mais importantes sobre as possíveis interações entre esses predadores são que nenhum dos predadores usou voláteis para evitar locais de presas ocupadas pelos heterospecíficos. No entanto, eles se envolveram em predação intraguilda recíproca. Além disso, foi mostrado que a ontogenia claramente desempenhou um papel crítico na determinação da ocorrência de predação intraguilda dentro deste sistema de predadores. Foi discutido as possíveis explicações para não se evitar os odores produzidos e a interação entre estágios ontogênicos e interações intraguilda.
Predatory mites are commonly used as biological control agents and the species Phytoseiulus macropilis and Neoseiulus californicus have been considered to be released together to control an important pest, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Because interacting predators may interfere with each other, an important step towards the implementation of successful release of multiple predators in biological control programs requires to resolve how predators respond to the presence of each other and whether they are involved in intraguild interactions. Given this, initially, I investigated whether these two predatory mites avoid the presence of each other. It is known that predators and parasitoids can use volatiles associated with the presence of competing species when foraging for patches with prey or hosts. I therefore investigated whether the two predator species use volatiles emanating from plants with prey and heterospecifics to avoid prey patches with the other predator species. Furthermore, I assessed whether these predators interact trough intraguild predation, in which competing predators also kill and eat each other. However, because there is no consensus regarding criteria to evaluate the occurrence of such interaction, I first explored existing criteria and suggested guidelines for the design of experiments. Based on these guidelines, I subsequently evaluated both the capacity of P. macropilis and N. californicus to kill stages of the other species and the capacity to benefit from feeding on these stages, both prerequisites for the occurrence of intraguild predation. The most important findings regarding the possible interactions among these predators are that neither of the predators used volatiles to avoid prey patches occupied by the heterospecific predators. However, they did engage in reciprocal intraguild predation. Moreover, I show that ontogeny clearly played a critical role in determining the occurrence of intraguild predation within this predator system. I discuss the possible explanations for the lack of odour-mediated avoidance and the interplay between ontogenetic stages and intraguild interactions.
LIMA, Débora Barbosa de. "Seletividade e resposta comportamental a acaricidas em Neoseiulus baraki (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5965.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, is a major pest of this palm in the world. The use of acaricides is the most common control method for controling A. guerreronis, however periodical applications are required in short time intervals. The predatory mites belonging to the families Phytoseiidae represent an alternative to reducing acaricide use in that culture. Among the predatory mites, Neoseiulus baraki (Athias-Henriot) has been often reported in association with that eriophyid. The objective of this study was to compare the lethality of acaricides between A. guerrernis and N. baraki; to study the effect of these products on the survival, instantaneous rate of increase and behavior of the predator, besides of the potential synergism to fenpyroximate against the predator. The LC50 of azadirachtin, chlorfenapyr and fenpyroximate was higher for N. baraki compared to A. guerreronis. Theses acaricides did not affect the instantaneous rate of increase of the predator. The highest synergism was observed for piperonyl butoxide, indicating that tolerance of N. baraki to fenpyroximate is probably related to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities. Chlorfenapyr and azadirachtin caused lower reduction in survival time compared to other products. The distance walked, ambulatory time, walking velocity and number of stops of the predator were not affected when exposed to fenpyroximate, chlorfenapyr and chlorpyrifos. Azadirachtin and chlorpyrifos repelled the predator and all acaricides caused irritability in the predator, except abamectin. Among the acaricides, chlorfenapyr and fenpyroximate are the most suitable for managing A. guerreronis.
O ácaro-do-coqueiro, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, é uma das principais pragas desta palmeira no mundo. O uso de acaricidas é uma das principais estratégias de controle dessa praga, contudo são necessárias aplicações frequentes destes em intervalos curtos de tempo. Ácaros predadores da família Phytoseiidae representam uma alternativa para redução do uso de acaricidas naquela cultura. Dentre os predadores do ácaro-do-coqueiro, Neoseiulus baraki (Athias-Henriot) destacase como uma das espécies mais frequentemente associadas a este eriofídeo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a letalidade de acaricidas entre A. guerreronis e N. baraki; estudar o efeito destes produtos na sobrevivência, taxa instantânea de crescimento e comportamento do predador; além do efeito de sinergistas sobre N. baraki, submetido a diferentes concentrações de fenpiroximato. Os acaricidas clorfenapir e fenpiroximato são seletivos, pois as CLs50 destes foram maiores para N. baraki que para A. guerreronis. Estes acaricidas não afetaram a taxa instantânea de crescimento do predador. A maior razão de sinergismo foi observada para butóxido de piperonila (PBO), indicando que a tolerância de N. baraki a fenpiroximato, provavelmente, está relacionada à ação de monoxigenases dependentes de citocromo P450. Todos os acaricidas, nas concentrações testadas, ocasionaram mortalidade a N. baraki, tendo clorfenapir e azadiractina causado menor redução no tempo de sobrevivência do predador em relação aos demais produtos. A distância percorrida, tempo de caminhamento, velocidade de caminhamento e o número de paradas do predador não foram afetados quando expostos a fenpiroximato, clorfenapir e clorpirifós. Azadiractina e clorpirifós ocasionaram efeito repelente sobre N. baraki e todos os acaricidas provocaram irritabilidade ao predador, exceto abamectina. Dentre os acaricidas testados, clorfenapir e fenpiroximato foram os produtos mais indicados no manejo de A. guerreronis.
Kanouh, Mohamad. "Etudes taxonomiques de deux genres d'acariens prédateurs de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) : Phytoseiulus Evans et Neoseiulella Muma." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0029.
Full textThe present classification of the family Phytoseiidae is not based on solid phylogenetic studies and therefore, many taxonomic questions still arise, concerning the validity of supra-specific and specific taxa identified to-date. This thesis thus aimed to answer such questions for two genera, Phytoseiulus and Neoseiulella, using for the first time molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Biogeographic analyses have been also carried out. Results obtained by both morphological and molecular approaches are congruent and seem to show that both genera are not monophyletic: Phytoseiulus seems paraphyletic whereas Neoseiulella seems polyphyletic. These results are different from those obtained with previous revisions of these two taxa. Furthermore, this study allowed to conclude on five synonymies within the genus Neoseiulella. The observation of nearly the totality of the species belonging to the genus Neoseiulella permitted to redefine this genus, excluding three species and discussing some synonymies. Lastly, an identification key of the adult females was proposed for the valid species of the genus Neoseiulella. Further experiments, including molecular investigations, are however still required in order to obtain more reliable conclusions on the evolutionary relationships of the studied taxa
Cruz, Fredy Alexander Rodríguez. "Potencial de Amblyseius herbicolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) para o controle biológico de Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) em pimenta malagueta." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3906.
Full textThe broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks 1904) is an important pest of economic impact on several crops and has worldwide distribution. Generally, its control is based on chemical applications, with all problems derived from misuse. An alternative to chemical control is biological control. The main natural enemies of phytophagous mites are predatory mites from Phytoseiidae family. The phytoseiid Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant 1959) is frequently found associated with broad mite on chili pepper plants in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Despite his record, little is know about its predation ability and performance when fed on broad mite. Predation and oviposition rates of A. herbicolus on P. latus stages and its potential in reducing pest populations was studied. Also, biological and reproductive parameters of A. herbicolus fed on P. latus and pollen diets were investigated. Additionally, we studied the predator ability to locate prey through volatiles emitted by plants infested whit P. latus. In Chapter 1, the ability of A. herbicolus to prey and lay eggs at stages of P. latus, as well as its ability to reduce P. latus populations on chili pepper plants in greenhouse conditions was evaluated. In chapter 2, we determined biological and reproductive parameters of A. herbicolus on three diets P. latus, castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) pollen. In chapter 3, the attraction of A. herbicolus to volatiles synthesized as response to P. latus chili pepper plants hervibory was studied in Y tube olfactometer. A. herbicolus has ability to prey and lay eggs when fed in all stages of P. latus. Predation rate was higher on P. latus on pupal stage. Oviposition rate was higher when A. herbicolus fed on adults and larvae of P. latus. In the greenhouse the addition of A. herbicolus on chili pepper plants provided populational reduction of P. latus. The intrinsic growth rate (rm) was higher on diet of castor bean pollen diet, followed by diet of P. latus, but significant different was observed whit sunnhemp pollen diet. A. herbicolus had the ability to respond and use of volatiles emitted by chili pepper plants attacked by P. latus. Amblyseius herbicolus showed high rate of predation and oviposition rate when fed on P. latus stages. The predator was able use and has reproductive success on diets tested. A. herbicolus was able to respond to pepper plants infested with P. latus.
O ácaro branco Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) é uma importante praga de ampla distribuição mundial que ataca várias espécies vegetais de alto valor econômico. Na maioria das vezes seu controle é baseado na aplicação de produtos químicos, com todos os problemas derivados de seu uso abusivo. Uma alternativa ao controle químico é o uso do controle biológico e os principais inimigos naturais dos ácaros fitófagos são ácaros da família Phytoseiidae. O fitoseídeo Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant 1959) é encontrado freqüentemente associado ao ácaro branco em plantas de pimenta malagueta na Zona da Mata Mineira. Apesar de seu registro, pouco se sabe sobre sua capacidade de predação e desempenho quando alimentado com ácaro branco. Assim, neste trabalho se propõe estudar a capacidade de predação de A. herbicolus em diferentes estádios edensidades populacionais de P. latus, e seus parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos quando alimentado da praga e de pólens. Adicionalmente, estudou-se; também; a capacidade do predador em localizar plantas infestadas com P. latus. As informações obtidas foram distribuídas em três capítulos. No capítulo 1, avaliou-se a capacidade de A. herbicolus em se alimentar e ovipositar nos diferentes estádios de P. latus, assim como sua capacidade de diminuir diferentes densidades populacionais da P. latus em plantas de pimenta em casa de vegetação. No capítulo 2, determinaram-se parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos de A. herbicolus em três diferentes dietas: P. latus, pólen de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e pólen de crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.). No capítulo 3, foi estudada, em olfatômetro, a resposta de A. herbicolus aos voláteis sintetizados como resposta a herbivoria de P. latus em plantas de pimenta malagueta. A. herbicolus tem a capacidade de se alimentar e ovipositar em todos os diferentes estádios de P. latus. A maior taxa de predação apresentou-se sob o estádio de pupa de ácaro branco. A taxa de oviposição foi maior quando o predador se alimentou de adultos e larvas de P. latus. Em casa de vegetação a adição de A. herbicolus às plantas de pimenta malagueta proporcionou redução da população de P. latus. A taxa intrínseca de crescimento populacional (rm) de A. herbicolus foi maior na dieta de pólen de mamona (0.19), seguida da dieta de P. latus (0,17) e de pólen de crotalaria (0,13). No olfatômetro A. herbicolus foi atraído por plantas de pimenta malagueta atacadas por P. latus. Amblyseius herbicolus mostrou uma alta taxa de predação, conseguindo ovipositar quando alimentado dos diferentes estádios de P. latus. O predador teve a capacidade de empregar e ter sucesso reprodutivo nas três dietas testadas. A. herbicolus foi capaz de responder a plantas de pimenta malagueta infestadas com P. latus.
Sahraoui, Hajer. "Influence des pratiques agro-écologiques et de la protection phytosanitaire sur les communautés d’acariens Phytoseiidae (Acari mesostigmata) dans les vergers agrumicoles tunisiens." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0026/document.
Full textMites of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) have been extensively studied because of the potential of several species as biological control agents of phytophagous mites and small insect crop pests. Phytoseiidae diversity and abundance are known to be mainly affected by climate, stability of habitats, food resources and agricultural practices. This study conducted in Tunisian citrus orchards aimed to (i) characterize the diversity of Phytoseiidae in these agrosystems, (ii) study the effect of agricultural practices on the diversity and abundance of these species and (ii) study the effect of weed management strategies on these predatory mites. The results obtained allow giving some responses. First, more data are now available on species of Phytoseiidae present on citrus trees and associated weeds. Eleven new species for the Tunisian fauna have been found Species of Phytoseiidae were different according to the species of citrus considered and their abundance seemed to be affected by herbicide sprayings. On weeds, Phytoseiidae diversity was directly affected by weed diversity. Furthermore, their density was influenced by pesticide sprayings and the weed management type. A positive correlation between Phytoseiidae densities on trees and weeds was emphasized. Ambulatory dispersal between weeds and trees was observed and migrations were higher from weeds to trees than in the opposite way. This dispersal seemed to be favored by some weeding practices, especially by ploughing. At last, the comparison of plots conducted with different farming strategies showed that Phytoseiidae diversity was the highest in the organic farming plot. The results presently obtained allow a better understanding of relationships between Phytoseiidae and their habitat. They also allow some proposals to improve agricultural practices and promote a better biological control of mite pests (eliminate herbicide use, promote ploughing and mowing). However, additional studies are still required in order to test more weeding strategies, propose new ones and to better characterize the interactions between Phytoseiidae and agrosystems management.Key words: Citrus, Phytoseiidae, diversity, abundance, weeds, dispersal, pesticides
Bezerra, Ranna Heidy Santos. "Voláteis induzidos por herbivoria em plantas de mandioca e atratividade a ácaros (Acari: Tetranychidae: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4490.
Full textUnder natural conditions, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can differ either qualitative or quantitatively from those induced by herbivory. Induced VOCs are specific, varying with the attacked plant species, with the herbivore, and the developmental stages and conditions from both species. Induced VOCs mediate important ecological interactions. They can attract predators and parasitoids, repel herbivores and mediate communication between neighboring plants and different parts of the same plant. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a native plant from Brazil cultivated in all regions, but mainly in the northeast region. It has an important role in animal and human feeding, manufacturing of industrial products and the creation of jobs and income. Several studies have been conducted to identify the volatile compounds induced by herbivory and observe their influence in the behavior of herbivores and their natural enemies, however, to date little is known about the VOCs emissions of cassava plants and their role in arthropod-plant interactions. This study aimed at identifying the volatiles induced by herbivory from the herbivorous mites Mononychellus tanjoa, Tetranychus urticae and T. gloveri in cassava plants, and how these herbivorous mites and the predatory mite Neoseiulus idaeus respond to induced VOCs blends. Twenty three compounds (monoterpenes, sesqueterpenes, aldehyde, alcohol, esters, oxime, phenylpropanoid and indole) were identified in the headspace of healthy and mite-damaged cassava plants. Herbivore-damaged plants released novel compounds that weren’t emitted by the healthy plants. Significant difference were found in the emission of methyl salicylate by M. tanajoa and T. gloveri infested plants, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol infested with T. urticae, when compared to healthy plants. The compounds (Z)-β-ocimene, 2-methyl propanol oxime, 2-methyl butanoloxime, indole, methyl anthranilate and (E)-nerolidol were only induced by herbivory from T. urticae, and may be involved in the attraction of N. idaeus, since the predator with experience in cassava significantly preferred plants infested with T. urticae compared to healthy plants. Tetranychus gloveri with cassava experience preferred healthy cassava plants compared to clean air, demonstrating that the plant produces volatiles that are attractive to herbivores. It can be concluded that after the herbivory cassava plants emit VOCs that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those released by healthy plants and the total amount emitted increases with the density of mites in the plant. Despite the emission of VOCs known to attract predatory mites by plants infested with M. tanajoa and T. gloveri, N. idaeus did not prefer infested plants, suggesting that the level of induction was not sufficient or these herbivorous mites are not attractive to the predator.
As plantas constantemente liberam um conjunto de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) para a atmosfera que pode diferir qualitativa e quantitativamente dos voláteis que são liberados quando são atacadas por herbívoros. A composição desses voláteis é específica, variando de acordo com a espécie de planta e do herbívoro, e com os estágios de desenvolvimento e condições dessas espécies. Os COVs são importantes na mediação de interações específicas, podendo atrair predadores e parasitoides, repelir herbívoros e mediar a comunicação entre plantas vizinhas e diferentes partes de uma mesma planta. A mandioca, Manihot esculenta, é uma planta nativa do Brasil, sendo cultivada em todas as regiões, destacando-se a região Nordeste, com importante papel na alimentação humana e animal, como matéria-prima para produtos industriais e geração de emprego e renda. Diversos estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de identificar os COVs induzidos por herbivoria e observar a sua influência no comportamento dos herbívoros e seus inimigos naturais, porém pouco se sabe sobre as emissões de COVs das plantas de mandioca e seu papel nas interações artrópodes-plantas. No presente estudo buscou-se identificar os voláteis induzidos pela herbivoria dos ácaros Mononychellus tanajoa, Tetranychus urticae e T. gloveri em plantas de mandioca, e como esses ácaros herbívoros e o ácaro predador Neoseiulus idaeus respondem aos conjuntos de COVs induzidos. Foram identificados 23 compostos (monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, aldeídos, álcool, oximas, éster, indole e fenilpropanoide) liberados pelas plantas de mandioca sadias e submetidas à herbivoria. Plantas com herbivoria emitiram novos compostos que não foram liberados pelas plantas sadias. Foi encontrada diferença significativa na emissão de salicilato de metila pelas plantas com herbivoria de M. tanajoa e T. gloveri, e (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol pelas plantas com herbivoria de T. urticae, quando comparadas com as plantas sadias. Os compostos (Z)-β-ocimeno, 2-metil propanol oxima, 2-metil butanol oxima, indole, metil anthranilate e (E)-nerolidol foram induzidos apenas pela herbivoria de T. urticae e podem estar envolvidos na atração de N. idaeus, uma vez que o predador com experiência em mandioca preferiu significativamente as plantas infestadas com T. urticae em comparação às plantas sadias. Tetranychus gloveri com experiência em mandioca preferiu plantas de mandioca sadias em comparação ao ar limpo, demonstrando que a planta produz voláteis atraentes para os herbívoros. Pode-se concluir que após a herbivoria plantas de mandioca emitem COVs que diferem qualitativa e quantitativamente daqueles liberados pelas plantas sadias e a quantidade total emitida aumenta com a densidade de ácaros na planta. Apesar da emissão de COVs conhecidos por atraírem ácaros predadores pelas plantas infestadas com M. tanajoa e T. gloveri, N. idaeus não preferiu as plantas infestadas, sugerindo que o nível de indução não foi suficiente ou esses ácaros herbívoros não são atraentes para o predador.
Smith, Ian A. "The effects of two foraging traits on within-plant foraging efficiency of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: phytoseiidae)." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8632.
Full textDepartment of Entomology
David C. Margolies
James R. Nechols
Many crops grown in greenhouses are damaged by the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, is a commercially-available predator that is commonly used to control twospotted spider mites on greenhouse crops; but its efficacy varies among crops, and it is generally ineffective at low prey densities. In general, predator foraging efficiency depends on how well predators find prey patches, the length of stay in prey patches, and consumption of prey while in prey patches. With respect to P. persimilis, I asked how this predator responds to different prey distributions, as might be encountered at different stages of spider mite infestations. I also asked how components of foraging, namely consumption rate and dispersal tendency, affected predator efficiency. To examine the former, I established T. urticae eggs on 6-leafed cucumber plants in two distributions. To examine the latter, I imposed artificial selection on a population of P. persimilis to create a line that exhibited extremely high consumption and one that demonstrated a greater tendency for dispersal. Subsequently, foraging efficiency was assessed by observing predator oviposition and consumption of twospotted mite eggs on individual leaves of 6-leafed cucumber plants. The number of eggs laid by predators corresponded to the number of prey consumed regardless of predator line. In addition, predators from both lines distributed their eggs proportional to where they fed. However, prey consumption differed between selected lines in response to prey distribution. Predators selected for high consumption fed more on the basal leaf where they were released; whereas prey consumption by the high dispersal and control lines were more evenly distributed throughout the plant. These results contribute to a better understanding of how foraging behavior is modified in plant landscapes under different levels of expression of foraging traits. They also indicate that predator release strategies likely would need to modified in accordance with the kind of foraging trait(s) used in artificial selection programs. In general, my research, when combined with future studies at a broader landscape level, will facilitate decisions by biological control practitioners about whether changes in foraging efficiency resulting from artificial selection justify the cost investment of producing selected lines of P. persimilis
Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da. "Phytoseiulus longipes: um eficiente agente de controle de Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) na cultura do tomateiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-01022008-113024/.
Full textTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is commonly attacked by different pests. Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard is one of the main tomato mite pests in some countries. In the African continent, T. evansi has caused up to 90% yield losses in tomato crops. The predator Phytoseiulus longipes was recently found in the urban area of Uruguaiana-RS developing on T. evansi infesting spontaneously growing tomato plants. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of inoculative releases of P. longipes on the population density of T. evansi in screen-house tomato crops as well as to evaluate the distribution of that predator and its association with T. evansi on cultivated and wild plants in the region of Uruguaiana. The effect of the inoculative releases of P. longipes was estimated by comparing the population densities of T. evansi on tomato leaflets collected in plots with and without release of the predator. Population levels of T. evansi were on the average much lower in the plots where P. longipes was released. The natural occurrence of T. evansi and P. longipes on tomato plants was evaluated by determining the levels of those organisms on plants in 4 plots of 40 plants each. Neither T. evansi nor P. longipes were observed in any of the 3 tomato fields established in the rural area of Uruguaiana, confirming that T. evansi is not a pest of tomato in the region, even when no chemical is applied for its control. However, P. longipes occurred naturally in the field that had been artificially infested with T. evansi, reducing its population. The distribution of T. evansi and P. longipes in the region of Uruguaiana was assessed by bi-weekly samplings conducted in Uruguaiana and 5 neighboring counties. T. evansi had ample distribution, while P. longipes was found almost exclusively in the urban area of Uruguaiana in association with T. evansi. In the first work, it was concluded that inoculative releases of P. longipes can keep T. evansi at low population levels in screen-house tomato crops. In the second, it was concluded that the natural occurrence of P. longipes can contribute to maintain low population levels of T. evansi in the region of Uruguaiana. In the third, the conclusion was that the natural occurrence of P. longipes in Brazil seems almost restricted to the urban area of Uruguaiana. A possible reason for its restricted distribution may be that it was only recently introduced in the region and still did not have time to disperse. Another conceivable reason is that prevailing drastic weather, especially in the winter, may restrict its distribution to areas where it is protected from the effect of strong winds, heavy rainfall or low temperatures. The effect of those factors could be such that at each year the natural dispersal process of the predator could be halted in non protected areas.
Poletti, Marcelo. "Variabilidades inter e intraespecífica na suscetibilidade de ácaros fitoseídeos (Acari: Phytoseiidae) a Dicofol e Deltametrina em citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-28102002-162036/.
Full textThe increase in the use of chemical control for managing pests of citrus has significantly affected the population dynamics of natural enemies such as predator mites that are important in the biological control of phytophagous mites such as Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). Within this context, the integration of chemical and biological control through the use of selective pesticides or strains of predator mites resistant to pesticides could be a more rational way to manage phytophagous mites. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility to dicofol and deltamethrin in populations of different phytoseiid species (Amblyseius chiapensis DeLeon, Euseius concordis (Chant) e Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denamark & Muma) collected in citrus groves. There was no interespecific variability in response to dicofol. And also, no intraespecific variability in the susceptibility to dicofol in E. concordis populations was detected in this study. On the other hand, E. concordis was 50 times more tolerant than I. zuluagai to deltamethrin. Intraespecific variability in the susceptibility to deltamethrin was detected for both E. concordis and I. zuluagai populations. A resistance ratio of > 14- fold and 18- fold was detected to deltamethrin in E. concordis and I. zuluagai populations, respectively. And finally, there was a significant difference in the repellency of E. concordis populations in deltamethrin residues.
Vicente, dos Santos Victor. "Etude des relations phylogénétiques entre les genres de Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) et implications pour la lutte biologique." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0009/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the taxonomy of predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae, that contains several species used in biological control of pest mites and small insects. The taxonomy of these minute organisms (<500 μm), i.e. specific identification and phylogenetic relationships, is essentially based on morphological characters. These characters, which are sometimes difficult to visualize, interpret (variations in intra and inter-taxa, analogies) and in small numbers, make the identification of species and the current classification questionable. No phylogenetic analysis supports the taxonomy of this family. Moreover, the molecular markers developed up to now are not adapted to define reliable relations between supraspecific taxa. This work aims at: (i) characterizing using molecular markers the identity of two species useful in biological control and establishing molecular decision rules based on several analytical concepts and (ii) determining via the development of new markers the supraspecific relations within the Euseiini tribe and then at the level of the whole family. For the specific diagnosis, this work has shown through the example of Amblyseius swirskii and Phytoseius finitimus the usefulness of integrative approaches including several markers, due to the strong variation in mitochondrial markers at the intraspecific level. Maximum genetic distance values between specimens of the same species (9%, 23% and 2.8% for 12S rRNA, CYTB DNA mt and ITSS) were established. Concerning supraspecific relationships, new molecular markers have been developed. The combination of six molecular markers (12S rRNA, CYTB DNA mt, COI DNA mt, ITSS, 28S rRNA, and HSP90) now allows resolving different supraspecific ranks to be investigated. The application of these markers to the tribe Euseiini and to the family shows that certain taxa were valid. For example, this work emphasizes the monophyly of the Euseiini and representatives of the sub-tribes considered. The genus Iphiseius seems to not be valid and is included in the genus Euseius. Morphological, biogeographical and ecological analyses (host plants) carried out at the level of the whole tribe on the basis of a bibliographic compilation, emphasized the West Gondwanaland origin of this taxon on plants of Rosidae and the evolution of certain morphological characters. This thesis opens new insights for studying the relationships between the genera of Phytoseiidae due to the new markers developed. Studies should continue to (i) extend the panel of available markers and (ii) increase the sampling of species to be included in analyses related to their bio-ecological characteristics in order to determine how phylogenetic relationships can predict interesting life traits for biological control implementation (prey, plants, alternative food)
Vicente, dos Santos Victor. "Etude des relations phylogénétiques entre les genres de Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) et implications pour la lutte biologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0009.
Full textThis thesis deals with the taxonomy of predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae, that contains several species used in biological control of pest mites and small insects. The taxonomy of these minute organisms (<500 μm), i.e. specific identification and phylogenetic relationships, is essentially based on morphological characters. These characters, which are sometimes difficult to visualize, interpret (variations in intra and inter-taxa, analogies) and in small numbers, make the identification of species and the current classification questionable. No phylogenetic analysis supports the taxonomy of this family. Moreover, the molecular markers developed up to now are not adapted to define reliable relations between supraspecific taxa. This work aims at: (i) characterizing using molecular markers the identity of two species useful in biological control and establishing molecular decision rules based on several analytical concepts and (ii) determining via the development of new markers the supraspecific relations within the Euseiini tribe and then at the level of the whole family. For the specific diagnosis, this work has shown through the example of Amblyseius swirskii and Phytoseius finitimus the usefulness of integrative approaches including several markers, due to the strong variation in mitochondrial markers at the intraspecific level. Maximum genetic distance values between specimens of the same species (9%, 23% and 2.8% for 12S rRNA, CYTB DNA mt and ITSS) were established. Concerning supraspecific relationships, new molecular markers have been developed. The combination of six molecular markers (12S rRNA, CYTB DNA mt, COI DNA mt, ITSS, 28S rRNA, and HSP90) now allows resolving different supraspecific ranks to be investigated. The application of these markers to the tribe Euseiini and to the family shows that certain taxa were valid. For example, this work emphasizes the monophyly of the Euseiini and representatives of the sub-tribes considered. The genus Iphiseius seems to not be valid and is included in the genus Euseius. Morphological, biogeographical and ecological analyses (host plants) carried out at the level of the whole tribe on the basis of a bibliographic compilation, emphasized the West Gondwanaland origin of this taxon on plants of Rosidae and the evolution of certain morphological characters. This thesis opens new insights for studying the relationships between the genera of Phytoseiidae due to the new markers developed. Studies should continue to (i) extend the panel of available markers and (ii) increase the sampling of species to be included in analyses related to their bio-ecological characteristics in order to determine how phylogenetic relationships can predict interesting life traits for biological control implementation (prey, plants, alternative food)
Daud, Rodrigo Damasco [UNESP]. "Diversidade de ácaros em Mabea fistulifera Mart.(Euphorbiaceae) e eficiência de seu pólen como alimento fitoseídeos (Acari, Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87625.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Foram estudadas a diversidade de ácaros em Mabea fistulifera de dois fragmento de mata Estacional Semidecídua (Bosque Municipal = BM; Sítio Santo Antônio = SA) e a eficiência de seu pólen como alimento para ácaros fitoseídeos. BM se localiza na área urbana e SA no perímetro rural do município de São José do Rio Preto. Coletas mensais foram realizadas durante o ano de 2001. Em cada área e em cada coleta foram tomados 60 folíolos ao redor da copa de três árvores distintas de Mabea fistulifera (20 folíolos por planta), até a altura de 7 m. Quando presentes, inflorescências e frutos foram também amostrados. Todos os ácaros encontrados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia utilizando-se o meio de Hoyer, identificados e contados sob microscópio com contraste de fase. Para a análise de diversidade e uniformidade da acarofauna foram aplicados os índices de Shannon-Wiener (H') e de Pielou (e), respectivamente. A diversidade máxima teórica (H'max) foi também determinada. O índice de similaridade de Morisita-Horn (CH) foi utilizado para estabelecer o grau de semelhança entre as duas áreas de coleta, baseando-se na composição da comunidade e abundância das espécies. A constância foi calculada, sendo as espécies classificadas como constantes (C > 50%), acessórias (25 < C < 50%) e acidentais (C < 25%). O teste t de student foi aplicado para comparar a abundância mensal de ácaros fitófagos entre as duas áreas. O índice de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para estabelecer possível relação entre a abundância dos ácaros com a pluviosidade. A espécie utilizada para testar a eficiência do pólen de M. fistulifera como alimento foi Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, por ser o fitoseídeo mais abundante e freqüente associado a esta planta no presente trabalho....
The diversity of mites on Mabea fistulifera from two fragments of Semideciduos forests (Bosque Municipal = BM; Sítio Santo Antônio = SA) and the suitability of its pollen as food for phytoseiid mites were studied. BM is in an urban area whereas SA is in a rural perimeter from São José do Rio Preto. Montly samples were conducted in 2001. In each area and sample, 60 leaves were taken from three different specimens of M. fistulifera (20 leaves per tree) at a maximum high of 7 meters. Whenever possible, inflorescences and fruits were also sampled. All mites found were mounted in microscopy slides using Hoyer's medium, identified and counted under phase contrasting microscope. Species diversity and eveness were analysed using the Shannon Wiener and Pielou index, respectively. The Maximum Theoretical Diversity and Constancy index were also determined. Student t-test was applied to compare monthly abundance of phytophagous mites. Possible relationships between mite abundance and rainfall were investigated by Pearson correlation. Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma was the species choosen for testing the suitability of M. fistulifera pollen as food, because it was the most abundant and frequent phytoseiid on this plant...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address).
Moreau, Debra Lynn. "Aspects of the overwintering survival strategy of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari, Phytoseiidae) on apple trees in Nova Scotia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37804.pdf.
Full textCoombs, Megan R. "The thermal biology and thresholds of Phytoseiulus macropilis banks (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Balaustium hernandezi von Heyden (Acari: Erythraeidae)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4913/.
Full textWeng, Huang Ju Lin. "Developing and using expressed sequence tags to study the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Paraistiformes, Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae)." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9193.
Full textDepartment of Entomology
David C. Margolies
Yoonseong Park
The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari, Phytoseiidae) is one of the most frequently released natural enemies for biological control of spider mites in greenhouse and outdoors crops. In this research, I utilized Expresses Sequence Tags (ESTs), the most cost effective approach for transcriptome exploration, to study three different aspects of this arachnid species for which there is little genomic information. I combined two EST datasets from different whole body cDNA libraries and analyzed by bioinformatics means. Approximately 54% of 10,256 uniESTs were annotated based on the homology to sequences in the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) database. A list of these uniESTs, sorted from most to least likelihood based on the expected value from the blast search in public databases, was used to create tools for each of the three studies. First, I described sixty-one genes encoding products known to be important in pesticide metabolism and in endocrinology, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases, acetylcholinesterase homologs, neuropetides and neurohormones. Findings on arachnid specific esterases and neuropetides, and possible benefits to pest management programs, were discussed. Next, I inferred divergence time for Acari and the point of divergence of two lineages within anactinotrichid mites, Ixodes scapularis and Phytoseiulus persimilis. I used expresses sequence tags from the predatory mite P. persimilis to pull out 74 orthologous amino acid sequences of invertebrates species: nine insect species, Daphnia pulex, Ixodes scapularis, and Caenorhabditis elegans. I estimated a similar origin for Chelicerata (578.1 ± 38.2 - 482.2 ± 7.2 Mya) as in other recent studies. However, divergence dating using amino acid sequences suggested a Devonian origin of anactinotrichid mites (487.6 ± 32.2 - 410.1 ± 6.1 Mya) based on four reference dates (two fossil records and two molecular clocks) and four amino acid substitution methods; this estimate is much earlier that those in the current literature. This discrepancy of divergence times may be due to the use of a global clock. Finally, I developed molecular markers from the EST dataset to examine inheritance in the haplodiploid system in P. persimilis. Biparental contribution of chromosomes is required among the predatory mites but the paternal chromosome set seems to be eliminated or loss (Paternal genome loss, PGL) in male offspring. However, genetic studies in other two phytoseiid species were suggested diploid males with PGL only in the germ cells. In the present study, haploid adult males of P. persimilis have been observed using five independent EST-derived markers. Single mites derived from inter-population crosses were genotyped after whole genome amplification. The parahaploid genetic system in P. persimilis is supported by this study, in which both sexes arise from fertilized eggs but the paternal chromosome set is subsequently lost in males.
Daud, Rodrigo Damasco. "Diversidade de ácaros em Mabea fistulifera Mart.(Euphorbiaceae) e eficiência de seu pólen como alimento fitoseídeos (Acari, Phytoseiidae) /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87625.
Full textBanca: Gilberto José de Moraes
Banca: Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi
Banca: Carlos H. W. Flechtmann
Banca: Denise de C. Rossa Feres
Resumo: Foram estudadas a diversidade de ácaros em Mabea fistulifera de dois fragmento de mata Estacional Semidecídua (Bosque Municipal = BM; Sítio Santo Antônio = SA) e a eficiência de seu pólen como alimento para ácaros fitoseídeos. BM se localiza na área urbana e SA no perímetro rural do município de São José do Rio Preto. Coletas mensais foram realizadas durante o ano de 2001. Em cada área e em cada coleta foram tomados 60 folíolos ao redor da copa de três árvores distintas de Mabea fistulifera (20 folíolos por planta), até a altura de 7 m. Quando presentes, inflorescências e frutos foram também amostrados. Todos os ácaros encontrados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia utilizando-se o meio de Hoyer, identificados e contados sob microscópio com contraste de fase. Para a análise de diversidade e uniformidade da acarofauna foram aplicados os índices de Shannon-Wiener (H') e de Pielou (e), respectivamente. A diversidade máxima teórica (H'max) foi também determinada. O índice de similaridade de Morisita-Horn (CH) foi utilizado para estabelecer o grau de semelhança entre as duas áreas de coleta, baseando-se na composição da comunidade e abundância das espécies. A constância foi calculada, sendo as espécies classificadas como constantes (C > 50%), acessórias (25 < C < 50%) e acidentais (C < 25%). O teste t de student foi aplicado para comparar a abundância mensal de ácaros fitófagos entre as duas áreas. O índice de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para estabelecer possível relação entre a abundância dos ácaros com a pluviosidade. A espécie utilizada para testar a eficiência do pólen de M. fistulifera como alimento foi Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, por ser o fitoseídeo mais abundante e freqüente associado a esta planta no presente trabalho...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The diversity of mites on Mabea fistulifera from two fragments of Semideciduos forests (Bosque Municipal = BM; Sítio Santo Antônio = SA) and the suitability of its pollen as food for phytoseiid mites were studied. BM is in an urban area whereas SA is in a rural perimeter from São José do Rio Preto. Montly samples were conducted in 2001. In each area and sample, 60 leaves were taken from three different specimens of M. fistulifera (20 leaves per tree) at a maximum high of 7 meters. Whenever possible, inflorescences and fruits were also sampled. All mites found were mounted in microscopy slides using Hoyer's medium, identified and counted under phase contrasting microscope. Species diversity and eveness were analysed using the Shannon Wiener and Pielou index, respectively. The Maximum Theoretical Diversity and Constancy index were also determined. Student t-test was applied to compare monthly abundance of phytophagous mites. Possible relationships between mite abundance and rainfall were investigated by Pearson correlation. Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma was the species choosen for testing the suitability of M. fistulifera pollen as food, because it was the most abundant and frequent phytoseiid on this plant...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address).
Mestre
GÓMEZ, MOYA CRISTINA ANTONIA. "Dinámica del sistema depredador-presa de las arañas rojas y los fitoseidos (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) en cultivos hortícolas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15228.
Full textGómez Moya, CA. (2007). Dinámica del sistema depredador-presa de las arañas rojas y los fitoseidos (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) en cultivos hortícolas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15228
Palancia
Okassa, Mireille. "Congruence entre différenciation morphologique et moléculaire (Barcode moléculaire) pour sept espèces de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Acari Mesostigmata) :." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0024.
Full textThe family Phytoseiidae includes numerous species of huge interest for biological control of mite pests, essentially belonging to the families Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae. Identification and description of Phytoseiidae species are mainly based on morphological characters. However, taxonomists have to face several problems for species diagnostic because of : (1) their small size (low number of visible characters), (2) little information on the diagnostic value of some characters considered as discriminant, and at last (3) diagnostic only reliable at female stage. In this context, the present works aims to determine how molecular approaches can assist traditionnal diagnostic. For this, we studied the intra- and interspecific variations (morphological and molecular) of seven agronomic important species, in order to compare the ability of four molecular markers (12S rRNA, Cytb mtDNA, COI mtDNA et ITS) to discriminate between species. We first show that molecular markers could be of great help for differentiating species at all life stages. Moreover, we show the importance of the spermatheca calyx shape for separating two species of the genus Euseius, and a new specie was then described. We also emphasize that both mitochondrial and nuclear markers differentiate morphological close species. However, some cautions have to be paid on the conclusions developped (different species or different populations within a same species) when only mitochondrial markers are used. At last, we underline that decision rules (treshold cutt-off values) are difficult (1) to establish with these latter markers and also (2) to generalise for the accurate differentiation of the Phytoseiidae species belonging to the two sub-families considered. To conclude, this work clearly emphasizes the importance of integrative taxonomy, including an « up-and-down » analysis of molecular, morphological and ecological data, to secure the specific diagnostic among the family Phytoseiidae
Furtado, Imeuda Peixoto. "Sélection d\'ennemis naturarels pour la lutte biologique contre Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae), en Afrique." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-04092007-100824/.
Full textO ácaro vermelho do tomateiro, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, é uma praga importante de Solanaceae em diversos países. Introduzido acidentalmente na África, livre de seus inimigos naturais, atualmente encontra-se em muitos países do continente africano, sendo em alguns deles considerado uma praga-chave. Suspeita-se que este ácaro seja originário da América do Sul. Algumas espécies de predadores têm sido reportadas em associação com T. evansi. Testes conduzidos em laboratório por diferentes pesquisadores não têm podido demonstrar a eficiência daquelas como agente de controle daquela praga. O objetivo do presente estudo foi dar continuidade à busca de agentes de controle eficientes, para o controle de T. evansi na África. Para tanto, investigou-se no Brasil e na Argentina a ocorrência desta praga e de seus predadores, principalmente em solanáceas, de outubro de 2002 a dezembro 2004. No total, foram encontrados cerca de 28 000 espécimes de T. evansi no Brasil e 35 000 na Argentina. Naqueles dois países, encontrou-se um total de 15 espécies de predadores da família Phytoseiidae associados a esta praga. Dentre estas, Phytoseiulus longipes Evans foi a que se mostrou mais promissora como agente de controle de T. evansi. Este predador foi encontrado em Uruguaiana-RS, Brasil, sendo esta a primeira constatação desta espécie naquele país. A aceitação de T. evansi como presa para aquela população de P. longipes foi avaliada em laboratório através de dois testes. No primeiro, comparou-se a oviposição média diária do predador quando alimentado com T. evansi e com 3 outras fontes de alimento: Tetranychus urticae Koch, pólen de Ricinus communis L. ou de Typha sp. No segundo, avaliou-se a preferência do predador por T. evansi ou T. urticae. A oviposição média diária de P. longipes foi aproximadamente a mesma (3,4 e 3,5 ovos) quando alimentado com T. evansi ou T. urticae. Não houve oviposição quando o predador foi alimentado com os dois tipos de pólen. Avaliações sucessivas em testes de livre escolha conduzidos no laboratório demonstraram proporções sempre significativamente maiores de P. longipes em folíolos com T. evansi que em folíolos com T. urticae. Posteriormente, a biologia detalhada de P. longipes foi estudada, utilizando-se os alimentos anteriormente citados. A sobrevivência dos diferentes estágios imaturos de P. longipes foi de aproximadamente 94 % e 80 % quando alimentado com T. evansi e T. urticae, respectivamente, e nula quando em presença de ambos os tipos de pólen. A duração da fase imatura do predador alimentado com aquelas presas foi praticamente a mesma (4,7 e 4,8 dias). Phytoseiulus longipes demonstrou alta capacidade de aumento populacional quando alimentado com T. evansi ou com T. urticae. Apresentou uma capacidade inata de aumento em número (rm) de 0,363 e razão finita de aumento em número (γ) de 1,44 quando alimentado com T. evansi; apresentou rm de 0,320 e γ de 1,38 quando alimentado com T. urticae. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que P. longipes é um predador promissor para ser utilizado no controle biológico de T. evansi. Sugerem também a conveniência de introduzi-lo no continente africano para o uso em um programa de controle biológico clássico.
Sahraoui, Hajer. "Influence des pratiques agro-écologiques et de la protection phytosanitaire sur les communautés d’acariens Phytoseiidae (Acari mesostigmata) dans les vergers agrumicoles tunisiens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0026.
Full textMites of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) have been extensively studied because of the potential of several species as biological control agents of phytophagous mites and small insect crop pests. Phytoseiidae diversity and abundance are known to be mainly affected by climate, stability of habitats, food resources and agricultural practices. This study conducted in Tunisian citrus orchards aimed to (i) characterize the diversity of Phytoseiidae in these agrosystems, (ii) study the effect of agricultural practices on the diversity and abundance of these species and (ii) study the effect of weed management strategies on these predatory mites. The results obtained allow giving some responses. First, more data are now available on species of Phytoseiidae present on citrus trees and associated weeds. Eleven new species for the Tunisian fauna have been found Species of Phytoseiidae were different according to the species of citrus considered and their abundance seemed to be affected by herbicide sprayings. On weeds, Phytoseiidae diversity was directly affected by weed diversity. Furthermore, their density was influenced by pesticide sprayings and the weed management type. A positive correlation between Phytoseiidae densities on trees and weeds was emphasized. Ambulatory dispersal between weeds and trees was observed and migrations were higher from weeds to trees than in the opposite way. This dispersal seemed to be favored by some weeding practices, especially by ploughing. At last, the comparison of plots conducted with different farming strategies showed that Phytoseiidae diversity was the highest in the organic farming plot. The results presently obtained allow a better understanding of relationships between Phytoseiidae and their habitat. They also allow some proposals to improve agricultural practices and promote a better biological control of mite pests (eliminate herbicide use, promote ploughing and mowing). However, additional studies are still required in order to test more weeding strategies, propose new ones and to better characterize the interactions between Phytoseiidae and agrosystems management.Key words: Citrus, Phytoseiidae, diversity, abundance, weeds, dispersal, pesticides
Jiménez, Villalón Alexis Andrés. "Respuesta funcional del ácaro depredador Neoseiulus californicus (Acarina: phytoseiidae) sobre la arañita roja del palto, Oligonychus yothersi (Acarina: tetranichidae)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112228.
Full textSe estudió la respuesta funcional de Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), sobre móviles y huevos de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor), en condiciones de laboratorio. La arena experimental consistió en placas de Petri con un disco de hoja de palto (Persea Americana Mill.) de 5 cm. Ø, puesto sobre una esponja, para evitar la flotación, y rodeado de una lámina de agua de aprox. 3 mm en las que se colocaron 3 hembras adultas de N. californicus y O. yothersi como presa en las siguientes densidades: 6, 12, 24, 36 y 48 individuos por arena. Las placas se mantuvieron en cámaras con control de temperatura y fotoperíodo. El diseño experimental consistió en bloques completos aleatorizados, con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se analizó las diferencias con ANDEVA y Tukey. El tipo de respuesta funcional se analizó con regresión logística binaria y los resultados se ajustaron a la ecuación de disco de Holling. Se encontró una respuesta funcional tipo II para ambos tipos de presa, siendo 0,04; 1,41 y 0,04; 0,96 sus tasas de búsqueda y tiempo de manipulación (horas), para móviles y para huevos, respectivamente. La densidad de saturación se estimó a las densidades de 57 móviles y de 89 huevos, según los parámetros obtenidos. El consumo máximo estimado fue de 13 móviles y de 19 huevos. Los resultados sugieren que N. californicus podría ser un buen controlador biológico durante los estados iniciales de infestación de O. yothersi (primavera), cuando la densidad de la plaga es más baja.
The functional response of Neoseiulus californicus was evaluated on eggs and motile Oligonychus yothersi, under laboratory conditions. The experimental arena consisted on Petri dishes containing a 5 cm. Ø leaf disc of avocado (Persea americana Mills.) on a sponge to keep it afloat, and surrounded by a film of water of approx. 3 mm depth. Three adult females of N. californicus were placed on the leaf disc together with O. yothersi as prey in the following densities: 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 mites per arenas. The arenas were kept in chambers with temperature and photoperiod control. A randomized block experimental design with 10 replications per treatment was used. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey. The type of functional response was analised with binary logistic regression and the results were fitted to the Holling’s Disk Equation model. A functional response type II was found for both types of prey, being 0,04; 1,41 and 0,04; 0,96 the search rate and manipulation time (hours) for motile and eggs, respectively. The saturation density was estimated at 57 motile and 89 eggs, according to the calculated parameters. The estimated maximum consumption was 13 motile and 19 eggs. These results suggest that N. californicus could be an efficient control agent during early phases of infestation of O. yothersi (spring), when the density of the pest population is still low.
Schreiber, Irina [Verfasser], and Claus Paul Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Zebitz. "The role of pollen as alternative food for predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) / Irina Schreiber ; Betreuer: Claus Paul Walter Zebitz." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117324784X/34.
Full textBarbosa, Marina Ferraz de Camargo. "Seleção de ácaros da ordem Astigmata (Acari) para uso como alimento na criação de ácaros predadores fitoseídeos (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-07022012-103501/.
Full textPhytoseiidae is a family of predatory mites most commonly used for biological control of pest Phytoseiidae is a family of predatory mites most commonly used for biological control of pest mites. The production of these mites is presently done using tritrophic systems, in which the predator is produced on plants infested with their prey. Although efficient, this method has several drawbacks, related to the high production cost and the need for large infrastructures. One way to facilitate the production of phytoseiids is the use of alternative prey, which can be multiplied in confined spaces. Mites of the order Astigmata often occur on stored food, on substrates such as flour, bran or similar ones. The objective of this study was to determine species of Astigmata with potential for use in mass production of the phytoseiids Euseius concordis (Chant), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark and Muma, Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes and Neoseiulus californicus McGregor. Initially, an oviposition test was performed with ten species of Astigmata for each species of predator. The two prey species allowing highest oviposition rates for each phytoseiid were used for the preparation of life tables. Oviposition and survival of N. barkeri were considered high when fed with nine of the prey. The values of rm were high for Thyreophagus sp. (0.215) and Suidasia nesbitti Hughes (0.172) as prey, indicating that both are promising for mass rearing of this predator. Oviposition of N. californicus was considered median for two prey and low for the others, but survival was high on nine of the evaluated prey. The values of rm were considered median on Austroglycyphagus lukoschusi Fain (0.184) and Blomia tropicalis Bronswijk, Cock and Oshima (0.161) as prey, even though these rates are not markedly high, both prey are considered promising for mass rearing of this predator. Oviposition of Euseius concordis was considered low when fed with two prey, but survival was high with most of them. Values of rm were low on Suidasia pontifica Oudemans (-0.0006) and Thyreophagus sp. (0.08) as prey, indicating the impossibility of maintaining a colony of this predator when fed with these prey. However, due to high survival in the studies for the preparation of life tables, Thyreophagus sp. seems to be a suitable prey for the short term storage of this predator, keeping it alive during its transport and distribution to farmers interested on its use. Oviposition of Iphiseiodes zuluagai was considered median when this predator was fed with two of the prey, and low with the others; survival was low for all prey. Values of rm were low on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (-0.0037) and S. nesbitti (-0.022) as prey, indicating the impossibility of maintaining a colony of this predator fed with them. However, care must be taken in relation to the possible use of some of the prey considered as promising, given their history as allergens to human beings.
Franco, Aline Aparecida. "Toxicidade de agroquímicos recomendados para a produção integrada de citros sobre o ácaro predador Euseius concordis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-26042017-104141/.
Full textBrazilian citriculture are affected by numerous pest arthropods and phytopathogenic agents causing diseases that require frequent sprays of agrochemicals to reduce the economic losses caused by them. However, the intensive use of chemicals compounds can cause imbalances in the agroecosystem, like the mortality of biological control agents, for instance. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides, acaricides and fungicides recommended for the integrated production of citrus on the predatory mite Euseius concordis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions, in addition to studying the transgenerational interference of these agrochemicals in aspects of development and reproduction, estimating the life table parameters of the progeny of E. concordis females who kept contactwith the residues, also evaluating the duration of the harmful effects of agrochemicals on adult E. concordis in semi-field, and have more complete results, evaluated the capacity predation of E. concordis on young stages of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in laboratory conditions, that supported pesticide interference studies on the predation of E. concordis. The results showed that ~ 73% of the insecticides were moderately harmful to harmful, concerning the studied species, and that many of the agrochemicals studied have negative interference in the life table parameters of progeny (transgenerational effect). Others, such as imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin significantly increased the net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ), which may indicate a possible hormesis effect of these insecticides to the population of E. concordis. But, in cases of the bioassays with acaricides, it was found that 50% of the evaluated ones were considered harmful, causing high mortality to the female of this mite, highlighting in this group of agrochemicals the trangeracional effect of etoxazole, which was considered harmless to adult females of E. concordis, however, the offspring of these females had 100% of mortality in the larval stage. From the fungicides evaluated, approximately 70% were considered harmless or slightly harmful to E. concordis females (class 1 and 2, according IOBC / WPRS), being, these ones, the less harmful agrochemicals group to mite study. This study also assessed that even agrochemicals considered less harmful to predatory mite E. concordis can change the search and predation behavior, as observed for females who have maintained residual contact with fungicides tebuconazole and insecticides pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide, which significantly reduced predation of P. citri nymphs. Therefore, this study provides information that can be used in integrated pest management programs, which would include combining chemical with biological control, with the porpose of reducing the use of pesticide to control pest mites, based on the conservation of E. concordis in the groves, as well as providing relevant information for such studies, directing that the toxicity studies are more complete, also based on transgenerational and behavioral effects that a pesticide can cause in a population of natural enemies.
Jiménez, Jorge Sofía [UNESP]. "Diversidade de ácaros em diferentes culturas e em plantas da vegetação natural do Peru, com ênfase nos Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128077.
Full textO conhecimento dos ácaros de importância agrícola aumentou significativamente no Peru nos últimos 10 anos. Os principais grupos de ácaros de interesse agrícola são os fitófagos, pelo potencial de causarem dano às plantas, e os predadores, pela possibilidade de uso como agentes de controle biológico. O objetivo do trabalho aqui relatado foi a identificação das espécies de ácaros plantícolas, especialmente de espécies predadoras potencialmente úteis para uso prático na agricultura, coletadas no Peru. Coletas foram realizadas em 14 departamentos entre julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2013. Amostras de folhas, flores e frutos de 56 espécies de plantas foram tomadas. Esta dissertação está divida em três capítulos. No primeiro faz-se um breve relato sobre as condições ecológicas do Peru, assim como sobre a importância dos ácaros plantícolas. O segundo apresenta as espécies de ácaros encontradas neste trabalho, com ênfase na família Phytoseiidae. O terceiro apresenta a descrição de uma espécie nova desta última família. Os resultados mostraram que a diversidade de ácaros plantícolas no Peru é muito grande e muito pouco conhecida, a julgar pelo número de espécies novas encontradas (num total de 16). Os gêneros de Phytoseiidae mais abundantes no Peru foram Amblyseius Berlese e Euseius Wainstein, que conjuntamente corresponderam a mais de 70% dos fitoseídeos encontrados. Os gêneros mais diversos foram Amblyseius, Euseius, Proprioseiopsis Muma e Typhlodromips De Leon, que conjuntamente corresponderam a mais de 43% das espécies de fitoseídeos encontradas. A espécie nova de fitoseídeo descrita neste trabalho pertence ao gênero Neoparaphytoseius Chant e McMurtry. Esta difere de Neoparaphytoseius sooretamus (El-Banhawy) pelo tipo de ornamentação do escudo dorsal, forma do cálice da espermateca e pela ausência de macroseta no genu IV. A reavaliação dos tipos de N. sooretamus e a análise da nova espécie...
Knowledge about mites of agricultural importance has increased significantly in Peru in the last 10 years. The main groups of mites of agricultural interest are phytophagous, due to the potential to cause damage to plants, and predators, due to the possible use as biological control agents. The objective of the work reported in this document was to identify the species of plant mites, especially predatory species potentially useful for practical use in agriculture, collected in Peru. The collection was done on 14 departments between July 2012 and January 2013. Samples of leaves, flowers and fruits of 56 plant species were taken. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first, a brief report of the ecological conditions in Peru is given, before presenting a consideration about the importance of plant mites. The second chapter presents the mite species found in this work, with an emphasis on Phytoseiidae. The last chapter presents the description of a new species of this family. The work showed that the diversity of plant mites in Peru is very large and little known, judging from the number of new species found (a total of 16). The most abundant genera of Phytoseiidae in Peru were Amblyseius Berlese and Euseius Wainstein, which together accounted for over 70% of the phytoseiids found. The most diverse genera were, Amblyseius, Euseius, Proprioseiopsis Muma and Typhlodromips De Leon, which together accounted for over 43% of the phytoseiid species found. The new phytoseiid species described in this work belongs to the genus Neoparaphytoseius Chant e McMurtry. It differs from Neoparaphytoseius sooretamus (El-Banhawy) by the type of ornamentation of the dorsal shield, shape of the calyx of the spermatheca and the absence of macroseta on genu IV. A revaluation of the types of N. sooretamus and the analysis of the new species described showed the need to redefine Neoparaphytoseius, which was also done in the present work. Better ...
Jiménez, Jorge Sofía. "Diversidade de ácaros em diferentes culturas e em plantas da vegetação natural do Peru, com ênfase nos Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128077.
Full textBanca: Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro
Banca: Raphael de Campos Castilho
Resumo: O conhecimento dos ácaros de importância agrícola aumentou significativamente no Peru nos últimos 10 anos. Os principais grupos de ácaros de interesse agrícola são os fitófagos, pelo potencial de causarem dano às plantas, e os predadores, pela possibilidade de uso como agentes de controle biológico. O objetivo do trabalho aqui relatado foi a identificação das espécies de ácaros plantícolas, especialmente de espécies predadoras potencialmente úteis para uso prático na agricultura, coletadas no Peru. Coletas foram realizadas em 14 departamentos entre julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2013. Amostras de folhas, flores e frutos de 56 espécies de plantas foram tomadas. Esta dissertação está divida em três capítulos. No primeiro faz-se um breve relato sobre as condições ecológicas do Peru, assim como sobre a importância dos ácaros plantícolas. O segundo apresenta as espécies de ácaros encontradas neste trabalho, com ênfase na família Phytoseiidae. O terceiro apresenta a descrição de uma espécie nova desta última família. Os resultados mostraram que a diversidade de ácaros plantícolas no Peru é muito grande e muito pouco conhecida, a julgar pelo número de espécies novas encontradas (num total de 16). Os gêneros de Phytoseiidae mais abundantes no Peru foram Amblyseius Berlese e Euseius Wainstein, que conjuntamente corresponderam a mais de 70% dos fitoseídeos encontrados. Os gêneros mais diversos foram Amblyseius, Euseius, Proprioseiopsis Muma e Typhlodromips De Leon, que conjuntamente corresponderam a mais de 43% das espécies de fitoseídeos encontradas. A espécie nova de fitoseídeo descrita neste trabalho pertence ao gênero Neoparaphytoseius Chant e McMurtry. Esta difere de Neoparaphytoseius sooretamus (El-Banhawy) pelo tipo de ornamentação do escudo dorsal, forma do cálice da espermateca e pela ausência de macroseta no genu IV. A reavaliação dos tipos de N. sooretamus e a análise da nova espécie...
Abstract: Knowledge about mites of agricultural importance has increased significantly in Peru in the last 10 years. The main groups of mites of agricultural interest are phytophagous, due to the potential to cause damage to plants, and predators, due to the possible use as biological control agents. The objective of the work reported in this document was to identify the species of plant mites, especially predatory species potentially useful for practical use in agriculture, collected in Peru. The collection was done on 14 departments between July 2012 and January 2013. Samples of leaves, flowers and fruits of 56 plant species were taken. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first, a brief report of the ecological conditions in Peru is given, before presenting a consideration about the importance of plant mites. The second chapter presents the mite species found in this work, with an emphasis on Phytoseiidae. The last chapter presents the description of a new species of this family. The work showed that the diversity of plant mites in Peru is very large and little known, judging from the number of new species found (a total of 16). The most abundant genera of Phytoseiidae in Peru were Amblyseius Berlese and Euseius Wainstein, which together accounted for over 70% of the phytoseiids found. The most diverse genera were, Amblyseius, Euseius, Proprioseiopsis Muma and Typhlodromips De Leon, which together accounted for over 43% of the phytoseiid species found. The new phytoseiid species described in this work belongs to the genus Neoparaphytoseius Chant e McMurtry. It differs from Neoparaphytoseius sooretamus (El-Banhawy) by the type of ornamentation of the dorsal shield, shape of the calyx of the spermatheca and the absence of macroseta on genu IV. A revaluation of the types of N. sooretamus and the analysis of the new species described showed the need to redefine Neoparaphytoseius, which was also done in the present work. Better ...
Mestre
Auger, Philippe. "Effets non intentionnels du mancozèbe : implications sur le contrôle biologique des acariens phytophages Tetranychidae par les acariens prédateurs Phytoseiidae." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0025.
Full textUrbaneja, Bernat Pablo. "Efectos de las condiciones abióticas sobre las interacciones entre tres depredadores de Tetranychus urticae con distintos hábitos alimenticios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454878.
Full textTetranychus urticae is one of the most damaging mites affecting citrus orchards in Spain, favored by high temperatures and low relative humidity. Its main natural enemies in this agro-ecosystem belong to the Phytoseiidae family, namely Euseius stipulatus, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis. For this reason, Climate Change could trigger outbreaks of T. urticae. However, it is not known how this phenomenon would affect the tri-trophic system clementine - T. urticae - phytoseiids. The main objective of this thesis has been to explore how abiotic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) affect the performance of the three phytoseiid species mentioned above on different community modules in field and laboratory conditions. Our results have shown that Climate Change can actually jeopardize biological control of T. urticae in clementines, because of the combined positive effect on T. urticae, partly through its host plant, and the negative effects on its key phytoseiid natural enemies, either directly or through their interactions.
Kodia, Alexis. "Influence de Brugmansia candida pers. (solanaceae) sur Tetranychus urticae Koch (acarina :tetranychidae) et sur Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (acarina :phytoseiidae)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211442.
Full textFitzgerald, Jean D. "Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), an important biocontrol agent in apple orchards." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298983.
Full textHatherly, Ian Stuart. "Establishment potential of non-native glasshouse biological control agents, with emphasis on 'Typhlodromips montdorensis' (Schicha) (Acari : Phytoseiidae) in the UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/107/.
Full textLIMA, Debora Barbosa de. "Efeitos subletais de acaricidas utilizados no controle de Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) sobre Neoseiulus baraki (Athyas-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5506.
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Aceria guerreronis Keifer is one of the most important pests of coconut worldwide, and acaricide spraying is the control method most used against this species. However, chemical control success depends on frequent and correct applications of acaricides. Thus, particular attention has been devoted to find a predator that can be effective in A. guerreronis biological control. Among the predators associated with A. guerreronis, N. baraki stands out as the most promising. This study aimed to evaluated the sublethal effects of acaricides used against A. guerreronis on N. baraki. The following parameters were evaluated: overall predator activity, mating behaviour, functional response, life table of females exposed to acaricides and their offspring, and forraging behaviour. Sublethal effects of acaricides were observed in all parameters evaluated. The overall activity and the mating behaviour of the predator were affected by azadirachtin. The type of functional response and prey handling time (Th) were not altered, but the attack rate (a') was reduced by fenpyroximate and abamectin, this last also reduced the consumption peak. Exposed females to abamectin (F0) did not produce offspring, fenpyroximate did not affect the life table parameters of exposed females (F0), but affected the offspring (F1). Alterations on instantaneous rate of increase (ri) on the 2nd generation (F2) were not observed. The foraging of predators exposed to acaricides was impaired, since they were not able to distinguish between infested and uninfested fruits. All acaricides tested affected at least one parameter of the predator, indicating that the frequent use of one of these acaricides might impar the effciency of the biological control of A. guerreronis by N. baraki.
Aceria guerreronis Keifer é uma das principais pragas do coqueiro no mundo, sendo a aplicação de acaricidas o principal método de controle utilizado contra essa espécie. Contudo, o sucesso do controle químico depende de aplicações corretas e frequentes de acaricidas. Assim, particular atenção tem sido dada a busca de um predador que possa ser eficiente no controle biológico de A. guerreronis. Dentre os predadores associados a A. guerreronis, N. baraki destaca-se como promissor no controle dessa praga. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito subletal de acaricidas utilizados contra A. guerreronis em N. baraki. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: atividade global da população, comportamento de acasalamento, resposta funcional, tabela de vida de fertilidade de fêmeas expostas a acaricidas e de sua prole, e comportamento de forrageamento. Efeitos subletais de acaricidas foram observados em todos os parâmetros avaliados. A atividade global e o comportamento de acasalamento do predador foram afetados por azadiractina. O tipo de resposta funcional e tempo de manipulação da presa (Th) não foram alterados, mas a taxa de ataque (a') foi reduzida por fenpiroximato e abamectina, esse último também reduziu o pico de consumo. Fêmeas expostas a abamectina (F0) não produziram descendentes, fenpiroximato não afetou os parâmetros de tabela de vida das fêmeas expostas (F0), mas afetou os descendentes produzidos (F1). Alterações na taxa instantanea de crescimento (ri) da segunda geração (F2) não foram observadas. O forrageamento de predadores expostos aos acaricidas foi comprometido, eles não foram capazes de distinguir entre frutos infestados e não infestados. Os acaricidas afetaram pelo menos um parâmetro do predador avaliado indicando que o uso contínuo desses acaricidas pode comprometer a eficiência do controle biológico de A. guerreronis por N. baraki.
Lopes, Paula Caroline. "Eficiência de populações de Euseius concordis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) e espécies afins no controle do microácaro-do-tomateiro, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-13052015-163634/.
Full textTomato crop has a short phenological cycle and is of difficult management due to several phytosanitary problems affecting it. Aculops lycopersici (Tryon) (Eriophyidae) is a severe pest of tomato plants in many countries. Its control is generally based on the use of chemicals, but biological control is a potential tool for the integrated management of this pest. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) have been shown as effective control agents of other mites on different crops. Laboratory experiments have suggested the potential of a population of the phytoseiid Euseius concordis (Chant) as a control agent of this pest. It is possible that other populations of E. concordis or other taxonomically related species can also be potentially useful for the control of this pest. The correct identification of biological control agents is essential for their successful use, but this is usually more difficult in the case of closely related species (cryptic species or species groups), by the usual lack of information concerning the variation of characters considered in the identification. The objectives of this study consisted of the detailed characterization of morphological variation of E. concordis when submitted to the combinations of two temperatures and two diets; the morphological characterization of species closely related to E. concordis (with this, constituting the concordis group) and the evaluation of these under laboratory and screenhouse as potential agents for the control of A. lycopersici. The dimensions of taxonomically important structures of E. concordis were on the average longer at 20 than at 28°C, and when they were fed with pollen than with Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Eriophyidae). Morphological evaluations allowed the confirmation of Euseius flechtmanni Denmark & Muma as a junior synonym of E. concordis, as well as the determination that: Euseius caseariae De Leon is also a junior synonym of E. concordis, Euseus ho (De Leon) and Euseius brazilli (El-Banhawy) are junior synonyms of Euseius mesembrinus (Dean) and that Euseius vivax (Chant & Baker) is not a junior synonym of Euseius fructicolus (Gonzalez & Schuster) as formerly considered. Morphological evaluations also allowed the preparation of a taxonomic key to separate the species of the concordis group. Among the species evaluated in the laboratory as potential control agents, the population of E. concordis from Petrolina, Pernambuco state, was the most promising. Evaluations in screenhouses showed that mites of that population and mites of the same species collected in Piracicaba were able to maintain themselves on tomato plants infested with A. lycopersici, reducing the population of this pest when 50 predators were released per tomato plant at the beginning of the infestation. It is concluded that populations of E. concordis from Petrolina and Piracicaba are promising as control agents of A. lycopersici, justifying the conduction of complementary studies that could eventually lead to the practical use of these predators by growers.