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1
Zheng, Liuchun, Chuncheng Li, Dong Zhang, Guohu Guan, Yaonan Xiao, and Dujing Wang. "Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel biodegradable multiblock copolymers comprising poly(butylene succinate) and poly(1,2-propylene terephthalate) with hexamethylene diisocyanate as a chain extender." Polymer International 60, no. 4 (December 14, 2010): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.3000.
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Pandey, Lokesh, and Satyendra Singh. "Numerical Analysis for Heat Transfer Augmentation in a Circular Tube Heat Exchanger Using a Triangular Perforated Y-Shaped Insert." Fluids 6, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6070247.
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The present investigation constitutes CFD analysis of the heat transmission phenomenon in a tube heat exchanger with a Y-shaped insert with triangular perforation. The analysis is accomplished by considering air as a working fluid with a Reynolds number ranging from 3000 to 21,000. The segment considered for analysis consists of a circular tube of 68 mm diameter and 1.5 m length. The geometrical parameter considered is the perforation index (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The constant heat flux is provided at the tube wall and a pressure-based solver is used for the solution. The studies are performed for analyzing the effects of inserts on the heat transfer and friction factor in the circular tube heat exchanger which results in augmented heat transfer at a higher perforation index (PI) and lower friction factor. The investigation results show that the highest heat transfer is 5.84 times over a simple plain tube and the maximum thermal performance factor (TPF) is 3.25 at PI = 30%, Re = 3000.
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Zhou, Chaoqun, Mingzhen He, Chunyan Peng, Jianjun Yu, Zhifeng Li, Maofu Zhou, Yan Li, Shilin Yang, Hui Ouyang, and Yulin Feng. "Pharmacokinetic and Lipidomic Assessment of the In Vivo Effects of Parishin A-Isorhynchophylline in Rat Migraine Models." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (July 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9101598.
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Migraine is a chronic brain disease that leads to periodic neurological attacks. Parishin A and isorhynchophylline (PI) is the active monomer component extracted from the traditional antimigraine Chinese medicinal combination of Gastrodia and Uncaria, respectively. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technology, we performed pharmacokinetic and lipidomic study on migraine model rats after administration of PI. For the detection of the compounds in plasma, AB Sciex Triple Quad™ 4500 was applied for quantitative analysis, and the COSMOSIL C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) was used for separation. Isorhynchophylline (ISO: m/z 384.8–241.2) and its main metabolite rhynchophylline (RHY: m/z 384.8–160.2) were simultaneously detected under positive ion modes. Besides, parishin A (PA: m/z 995.1–726.9) and its main metabolite gastrodin (GAS: m/z 331.1–123.0) were simultaneously detected with negative ion modes. For the analysis of endogenous lipid components, Dionex Ultimate 3000 (UHPLC) Thermo Orbitrap Elite was applied for the detection, and the Waters UPLCRBEH C18 column (1.7 μm 100 ∗ 2.1 mm) was used for separation. Chloroform/methanol (2 : 1, v : v) was used for extraction. The results demonstrated that PI exists significant difference in metabolism between single- and coadministration and can regulate lipid levels associated with migraine.
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Thies, Judy A., and Richard L. Fery. "Evaluation of a Core of the U.S. Capsicum Germplasm Collection for Reaction to the Northern Root-knot Nematode." HortScience 37, no. 5 (August 2002): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.5.805.
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Several species of root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, and M. hapla Chitwood] are major pests of peppers (Capsicum spp.) in the United States and worldwide. Resistance to M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica has been identified in several Capsicum accessions, but there are few reports of resistance to M. hapla. Therefore, we selected a 10% core (440 accessions) of the 14 available Capsicum spp. in the Capsicum germplasm collection (3,731 accessions) maintained by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), and evaluated this core for resistance to M. hapla in unreplicated greenhouse tests. The 11 best (most resistant) and the 3 worst (most susceptible) accessions identified in these unreplicated tests were re-evaluated in a replicated greenhouse test. Seven of these 11 “best” accessions (PI 357613, PI 357503, PI 439381, PI 297493, PI 430490, PI 267729, and PI 441676) exhibited root gall severity indices <5.0 (1 = no galls; 9 = more than 80% of the root system covered with galls) in the replicated test, and each of these indices was significantly lower than the indices of the “worst” accessions and susceptible controls. Although a gall index <5.0 indicates a moderate level of resistance, more than 3000 M. hapla eggs were extracted per gram of fresh root tissue and the reproductive index was >1.0 for each of these accessions. These observations suggest that the most resistant accessions tested are somewhat susceptible to M. hapla. The results of our evaluation of a core of the USDA Capsicum germplasm collection demonstrates clearly that there is significant genetic variability within the overall collection for M. hapla resistance. Additionally, these results identify portions of the collection where future evaluations for M. hapla resistance should be focused. For example, the origin of the two most promising C. annuum accessions (PI 357613 and PI 357503) in the core was Yugoslavia. Thus, additional accessions from this temperate region of the world should receive priority attention in any effort to identify better sources of resistance in C. annuum to M. hapla.
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Laube, S., M. Henning, H. Brandt, E. Kallweit, and P. Glodek. "Die Fleischbeschaffenheit von Schweinekreuzungen mit besonderen Qualitätseigenschaften im Vergleich zum heutigen Standard- und Markenschweineangebot*." Archives Animal Breeding 43, no. 5 (October 10, 2000): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-463-2000.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Meat Quality in Pig Crosses with special quality characteristics as compared to present Standard and Brand Pork Supply In a field experiment in Niedersachsen products of six sire lines mated to BHZP hybrid sows of one herd were compared. They were fattened in 4 BEG-farms and slaughtered at the Premium abattoir Zeven, where meat quality traits were measured on about 3000 pig carcasses (300–800 per genetic group). It is shown that the present market Standard from stress susceptible PI(PP)-boars produces 20% PSE carcasses and the present quality brand Standard from PI*HA(NP) boars still 10%, whereas all stress resistent (NN) products ränge below 2% PSE. Hampshire crosses cause higher water –, reduced protein contents and lower final pH values among their progeny because of their disturbed glucose metabolism (RN-defect gene). Only in progeny of Danish Duroc boars the intramuscular fat content reached the desired 2%, German products ranged between 1.2–1.5 %. Recommendations for breeding more uniform endproducts with higher quality Standards are given.
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Iwańska, Ewa, Beata Mikołajczak, Bożena Grześ, and Edward Pospiech. "Impact of post mortem aging of pork on changes in the isoelectric point of the proteins and tenderness." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 7 (2016): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5530.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the post mortem proteolysis of centrifugal drip protein derived from pork. The varied course of the process of meat tenderization in muscles using the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique was observed. The experimental material was the longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle excised from 24 pigs of known origin, breeding and rearing conditions. Meat of normal quality (RFN) was examined in this study. On the basis of shear force values, the experimental muscles were divided into 4 groups of different courses of tenderization: A – meat remaining tough during the entire 6-day period of post-slaughter changes; B – meat characterized by a typical tenderization process, i.e. tough 48 h after slaughter and tender after 6 days of storage; C – tender or relatively tender meat on both dates of examination; D – meat which was the toughest 48 hours after slaughter and the most tender 144 hours after slaughter. Proteins for electrophoretic analysis on the agarose gel of the centrifugal drip fraction were submitted after 48 h and 144 h post mortem. The separation of the proteins was performed in a horizontal layout, using an FBE-3000 apparatus and an ECPS power pack (Pharmacia). On every path of the proteins separation, four ranges of pH value were evaluated, namely: 4.0 ÷ 6.0 pI, 6.1 ÷ 7.2 pI, 7.3 ÷ 7.7 pI and > 7.7 pI. Meat tenderness on the second day after slaughter was influenced by proteins, in which their pI was in the range of 6.1÷ 7.2 and 4.0 ÷ 6.0. From the evaluation which was carried out in the immunoblotting analysis of proteins using troponin T (9D) antibodies it was demonstrated that 48 h after slaughtering the most intense reactions were observed in the range of pI of 5.5 ÷ 5.9, which is the pH range corresponding to the isoelectric point of troponin T. However, after 144 h post mortem the most intense reaction was demonstrated in the range of pI of 6.1÷ 7.7. This indicates the breakdown of troponin T and an increase of the number of degradation products of this protein occurring while the meat tenderization process progresses. The degradation products of troponin T identified by IEF can be an indicator of meat tenderization.
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Alder, J. R., and S. W. Hostetler. "Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere–ocean model." Climate of the Past 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2015): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-449-2015.
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Abstract. We apply GENMOM, a coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model, to simulate eight equilibrium time slices at 3000-year intervals for the past 21 000 years forced by changes in Earth–Sun geometry, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), continental ice sheets, and sea level. Simulated global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 3.8 °C and the rate of post-glacial warming is in overall agreement with recently published temperature reconstructions. The greatest rate of warming occurs between 15 and 12 ka (2.4 °C over land, 0.7 °C over oceans, and 1.4 °C globally) in response to changes in radiative forcing from the diminished extent of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and increases in GHGs and NH summer insolation. The modeled LGM and 6 ka temperature and precipitation climatologies are generally consistent with proxy reconstructions, the PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations, and other paleoclimate data–model analyses. The model does not capture the mid-Holocene "thermal maximum" and gradual cooling to preindustrial (PI) global temperature found in the data. Simulated monsoonal precipitation in North Africa peaks between 12 and 9 ka at values ~ 50% greater than those of the PI, and Indian monsoonal precipitation peaks at 12 and 9 ka at values ~ 45% greater than the PI. GENMOM captures the reconstructed LGM extent of NH and Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice. The simulated present-day Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) is ~ 48% weaker than the observed (62 versus 119 Sv). The simulated present-day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of 19.3 ± 1.4 Sv on the Bermuda Rise (33° N) is comparable with observed value of 18.7 ± 4.8 Sv. AMOC at 33° N is reduced by ~ 15% during the LGM, and the largest post-glacial increase (~ 11%) occurs during the 15 ka time slice.
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Brown, MD, DP Poppi, and AR Sykes. "The effect of post-ruminal infusion of protein or energy on the pathophysiology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection and body composition in lambs." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (1991): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910253.
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The effect of post-ruminal infusion of protein or energy on the pathophysiology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection and body composition in lambs was investigated using the comparative slaughter technique. Of 52 Dorset DownxCoopworth wether lambs (mean body weight 30.5, s.e. 0.44 kg), 8 comprised an initial slaughter group (IC), 36 were infected daily, per os, with 3000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae per animal, and the remainder (C) were parasite-free controls. Groups of 12 infected animals were given either a continuous infusion (via abomasal catheter) of 50.4 g/day crude protein as sodium caseinate (PI), glucose (EI) in isocaloric amounts to PI, or a solution containing P and Na at the same rate as the caseinate infusions (SI). Uninfected controls (C) were also infused with this solution. Animals were slaughtered after 6 and 12 weeks for estimation of worm count and body composition. All animals were offered, ad libitum, meadow hay (118 g crude protein/kg dry matter (DM); 930 g organic matter/kg DM; 0.65 organic matter digestibility). DM intake of infected animals decreased by approximately 22% in PI and EI and by 32% in SI animals. Mean total metabolizable energy (ME) intake during the experiment (inclusive of infusions) was C, 0.607; PI, 0.687; EI, 0.704; SI, 0.617, s.e.d. 0.0308 MJME (kg W)-0.75 day-1. Nitrogen retention in infected sheep was increased fourfold by protein infusion and twofold by energy infusion. The rate of energy retention was reduced by infection, increased by protein infusion but only partly by energy infusion. Protein infusion reduced mean faecal egg output and mean total parasite count. Increased endogenous plasma loss into the gastrointestinal tract was similar in all infected groups. It was concluded that a major limiting factor in efficient food utilization in animals with gastrointestinal nematode infections is a parasite-induced protein rather than energy deficiency, possibly the result of increased endogenous protein losses into the gastrointestinal tract. The debilitating effect of internal parasites could be markedly reduced by increasing duodenal protein supply.
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Dłużewski, Maciej, Rafał Kozłowski, and Anna Szczucińska. "Potential Use of Alluvial Groundwater for Irrigation in Arid Zones - Mhamid Oasis (S Morocco)." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0010.
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Abstract In arid zones, the availability of fresh water is usually very limited because of high salinity, which greatly limits their use for irrigation purposes. High mineralization of water used for irrigation leads to increased soil salinity. The aim of the study was to examine the potential use of alluvial groundwater for irrigation in arid zones. The works were conducted in the Middle Draa Valley in southern Morocco (the Mhamid Oasis) in October 2015. Water samples of alluvial groundwater were collected for laboratory analysis from 42 wells located in the oasis. In order to determine the possibility to use the water for irrigation purposes, the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), magnesium hazards (MH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were assessed. EC values, exceeding 3000 μS·cm-1 in all the samples, classify the water as unsuitable for irrigation. MH and the KR indexes show that 30% of water samples represent levels making them unsuitable for irrigation. SAR confirms the very high degree of susceptibility of the analyzed waters to salinity hazard. The PI index of these waters is moderate, however in terms of sodium content they can be deemed suitable for irrigation purposes. It has been found that even within a small area of the oasis, a very large differentiation in the alluvial groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes occurs.
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Alder, J. R., and S. W. Hostetler. "Global climate simulations at 3000 year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere–ocean model." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 4 (July 23, 2014): 2925–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-2925-2014.
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Abstract. We apply GENMOM, a coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model, to simulate eight equilibrium "time-segments" at 3000 yr intervals for the past 21 000 years forced by changes in Earth-Sun geometry, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), continental ice sheets and sea level. Simulated global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 3.8 °C and the rate of post-glacial warming is in overall agreement with recently published temperature reconstructions. The greatest rate of warming occurs between 15 and 12 ka (2.4 °C over land, 0.7 °C over oceans and 1.4 °C globally) in response to changes in radiative forcing from the diminished extent of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and increases in GHGs and NH summer insolation. The modeled LGM and 6 ka temperature and precipitation climatologies are generally consistent with proxy reconstructions, the PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations, and other paleoclimate data-model analyses. The model does not capture the mid-Holocene "thermal maximum" and gradual cooling to pre-industrial global temperature found in the data. Simulated monsoonal precipitation in North Africa peaks between 12 and 9 ka at values ~ 50% greater than those of the PI, and Indian monsoonal precipitation peaks at 12 and 9 ka at values ~ 45% greater than the PI. GENMOM captures the reconstructed LGM extent of NH and Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice. The simulated present-day Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) is ~ 48% weaker than observed (62 vs. 119 Sv). The simulated present-day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of 19.3 ± 1.4 Sv on the Bermuda Rise (33° N) is comparable with the observed value of 17.4 Sv. AMOC at 33° N is reduced by ~ 15% during the LGM, and the largest post-glacial increase (~ 11%) occurs, unforced, during the 15 ka time slice.
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Salman Dawood, Ammar, Ahmed Sagban Khudier, and Ahmed Naeemah Bashara. "Physicochemical Quality Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Basrah, Iraq." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25934.
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Groundwater is the very vital natural resource which must not be essentially utilized and sustained unless its quality is precisely evaluated. A total of 41 groundwater samples were collected from selected areas within Basrah province in 2014 to assess its suitability for irrigation uses. Physicochemical indices such as permeability index (PI 5.44 to 84.32 meq L-1), percentage of sodium (Na% 8.87 to 51.03 meq L-1) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR 0.11 to 39.33 meq L-1) indicate that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation except for few locations. The results show that the high values of total dissolved solids (TDS > 3000 mg L-1) for some samples minimized their application for irrigation. Principal component and cluster analyses were usually used as a supporting tool for assistance arrange and interpret the chemical analysis. Three principal components explanation for most of the variability in the groundwater data were represented.
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Kim, Hyeonwoo, Suwon Hwang, Taeseung Hwang, Jung Bin In, and Junyeob Yeo. "Digitally Patterned Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures of Colorless Polyimide for Transparent and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092547.
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Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and generates a porous carbon structure on the surface of the CPI substrate. Fluorine, which is one of the chemical compositions of CPI, can enhance the specific area and the conductivity of the carbon electrode by creating micropores in carbon structures during carbonization. Thus, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows enhanced specific capacitance (1.20 mF at 10 mV s−1) and better transmittance (44.9%) compared to the conventional PI-based MSC. Additionally, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows excellent cyclic performance with minimal reduction (<~10%) in 3000 cycles and high capacitance retention under mechanical bending test conditions. Due to its high flexibility, transparency, and capacitance, we expect that carbonized CPI-based MSC can be further applied to various flexible and transparent applications.
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Honnens, Ä., C. Klein, K. G. Hadeler, H. Niemann, H. Bollwein, and C. Wrenzycki. "295 DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY OF THE OVARIAN ARTERIES IN SUPEROVULATED CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab295.
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Despite considerable progress in the understanding of ovarian follicular growth in cattle, the variable and unpredictable superovulatory response of donor animals is still a limiting factor to the success in the embryo transfer industry. One of the main factors affecting the outcome is the presence or absence of a dominant follicle at the time of gonadotropin treatment. It has been shown that the removal of the dominant follicle using ultrasound-guided aspiration before superovulation increases the number of ova and transferable embryos (Bungartz and Niemann 1994 J. Reprod. Fertil. 101, 581–593). Transrectal color Doppler sonography has been used to evaluate the blood flow in the ovarian artery and to test the ovarian blood flow in relation to ovarian response upon hormonal treatment for superovulation. It has been determined that blood flow parameters (BFV: blood flow volume, PI: pulsatility index) have only limited diagnostic value to predict the outcome of a superovulation treatment (Honnens et al. 2008 doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.077). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dominant follicle ablation on the ovarian blood flow during superovulation related to the outcome. At Day 8 of the estrous cycle, the dominant follicle was removed in 16 animals (Group 1). In 12 animals, the dominant follicle was left intact (Group 2). All animals received an eCG (3000 I.U.) injection on Day 10, a PGF2α injection on Day 12 and were inseminated twice starting 48 h later. Ovarian blood flow was determined in all animals by investigating the left and right ovarian arteries on Days 8, 10 and 12 of the estrous cycle and on Day 6 p.i. using a Logiq Book XP (General Electrics, UK) equipped with a 7.5 MHz probe. Doppler analysis was carried out using Pixelflux software (Chameleon Software, Germany). The PI was measured as described recently (Honnens et al. 2008 doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.05.077). On Day 7 p.i., ova/embryos were collected by standard non-surgical uterine flushing and classified according to the IETS guidelines. Similar results were obtained for the PI in group 1 on Day 8 (1.13 ± 0.08) and Day 10 (1.35 ± 0.09). A decrease (P ≤ 0.05) was measured at Day 12 (0.89 ± 0.07) and Day 6 p.i. (0.60 ± 0.06). In group 2, the PI remained constant until Day 12 (Day 8: 1.34 ± 0.11, Day 10: 1.43 ± 0.14, Day 12: 1.44 ± 0.12). At Day 6 p.i., the PI was significantly reduced (0.66 ± 0.09; P ≤ 0.05). Between both groups, a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was only detected at Day 12. More ova/embryos and transferable embryos (P ≤ 0.05) were recovered from group 1 (11.3 ± 1.6, 4.7 ± 0.9) compared to group 2 (4.8 ± 1.2, 1.9 ± 0.6). However, no significant relation (P > 0.05, Spearman) between the PI and the number total ova/embryos or the number of transferable embryos could be determined. These results show that removing the dominant follicle increases the number of embryos after superovulation. However, PI in general could not be used to predict the outcome of a superovulatory treatment.
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de Groot, R., D. O. Chaffin, M. Kuehn, and A. L. Smith. "Trimethoprim resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is due to altered dihydrofolate reductase(s)." Biochemical Journal 274, no. 3 (March 15, 1991): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2740657.
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We characterized a highly purified preparation of the chromosomally encoded dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from a trimethoprim-susceptible (Tmp8; strain MAP) and two trimethoprim-resistant (TmpR) strains (MAP/47 and MAP/42) of Haemophilus influenzae. The enzymes were purified between 650- and 3000-fold by gel-filtration and dye-ligand chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of the three proteins was 18400 Da by PAGE under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. Total enzyme activity was greater in all fractions from the TmpR strains compared with the Tmp8 isolate. The three enzymes had a similar Km for dihydrofolate (7, 9 and 5 microM) and NADPH (2, 5 and 6 microM). However, the Tmp IC50 (the concentration necessary for 50% inhibition of DHFR activity) for the Tmp8 strain MAP was 0.001 microM, whereas DHFR from the TmpR strains MAP/47 and MAP/42 had values of 0.1 microM and 0.3 microM respectively. The methotrexate IC50 of the MAP/42 DHFR was 0.06 microM in comparison with the enzyme from MAP (0.008 microM) and MAP/47 (0.007 microM). Isoelectric focusing indicated that the DHFR from MAP/42 had a different isoelectric point (pI 7.6) compared with the enzymes from MAP and MAP/47 (pI 7.3). Peptide mapping after digestion with trypsin revealed one major peptide fragment (7.9 kDa) in the DHFR of MAP and MAP/47 and three major tryptic fragments (7.9, 9.6 and 12.5 kDa) in DHFR from MAP/42. We conclude that trimethoprim resistance in H. influenzae results from overproduction of structurally altered DHFR(s).
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Hamzah, Fahira, and Nirmalawati. "FEASIBILITY OF INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT SYUKURAN AMINUDDIN AMIR AIRPORT LUWUK." PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa 9, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/pd.9.1.1673.39-50.
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Air transport in the town of Luwuk Banggai has increased significantly, this can be seen with increasing volume flight Syukuran Aminuddin Amir Airport average of 17.59% per year to various regions in the country and has the infrastructure facilities that can accommodate as many as 219261 average passengers/year with a percentage of 17.67% per year. The results of the research can be used to determine the feasibility of investing in the development of an airport by using economic calculation engineering and value advantage of the extension of the runway to 3000 m complete with other facilities with competing methods will be applied as follows: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and payback period. From the results of investment appraisal using the NPV method results obtained IDR.79,002,433,592.00 with methods derived into 36.142% IRR greater than 15% and Profitability Index (PI) has a value of 1.126 that is greater than 1 and analysis Payback Period (PP) was obtained within 15 years to reach the Break-Even Point.
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Bolin, Bryce T., and Carey M. Lisse. "Constraints on the spin-pole orientation, jet morphology, and rotation of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov with deep HST imaging." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 4 (July 27, 2020): 4031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2192.
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ABSTRACT We present high resolution, deep imaging of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov taken with the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) on 2019 December 8 UTC and 2020 January 27 UTC (HST GO 16040, PI: Bolin) before and after its perihelion passage in combination with HST/WFC3 images taken on 2019 October 12 UTC and 2019 November 16 UTC (HST GO/DD 16009, PI: Jewitt) before its outburst and fragmentation of 2020 March, thus observing the comet in a relatively undisrupted state. We locate 1–2 arcsec long (2000–3000 km projected length) jet-like structures near the optocentre of 2I that appear to change position angles from epoch to epoch. With the assumption that the jet is located near the rotational pole supported by its stationary appearance on ∼10–100 h time frames in HST images, we determine that 2I’s pole points near α = 322 ± 10° and δ = 37 ± 10° (λ = 341° and β = 48°) and may be in a simple rotation state. Additionally, we find evidence for possible periodicity in the HST time-series light curve on the time-scale of ∼5.3 h with a small amplitude of ∼0.05 mag implying a lower limit on its b/a ratio of ∼1.5 unlike the large ∼2 mag light curve observed for 1I/‘Oumuamua. However, these small light-curve variations may not be the result of the rotation of 2I’s nucleus due to its dust-dominated light-scattering cross-section. Therefore, uniquely constraining the pre-Solar system encounter, pre-outburst rotation state of 2I may not be possible even with the resolution and sensitivity provided by HST observations.
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Souza, Sra Rafaela, Márkilla Zunete Beckmann Cavalcante, Marluce Pereira Damasceno Lima, Tamnata Ferreira Alixandre, and Rejane Teixeira Nascimento. "Propagação vegetativa de hibisco com diferentes tipos de estacas e concentrações de ácido indolbutírico." Comunicata Scientiae 6, no. 3 (December 29, 2015): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v6i3.679.
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The propagation of the hibiscus is done preferably by cutting. However, the success of this technique depends on the internal and external conditions cuttings, that will influence directly into your rooting capacity. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effect of three types of cuttings (apical, middle and basal) and four concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg L- 1) in the propagation through cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. cv. Snow Queen. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under intermittent mist at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Campus Profa. CinobelinaElvas, Bom Jesus-PI for the period from May 23 to July 7, 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 3x4 (Type of cuttings x Concentration IBA) with four replications. At 45 days after implantation of the experiment were evaluated: percentage of rooting, survival rate, number of shoots, number of leaves, average root length, dry weight of shoot and root dry weight. There was no significant interaction between the factors studied. There is effective for cutting type. The technique of propagation by cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Snow Queen is efficient through the use of basal cuttings.
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Azhar, Azhar, and Firdaus H. "Analisis Kinerja Prosesor terhadap Proses Overclocking dan Downclocking." Ainet : Jurnal Informatika 1, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ainet.v1i1.2286.
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The rapid development of technology causes hardware technology is also experiencing rapid pekembangan, so that the existing hardware to be fast using, Computers is an electronic device capable of performing several tasks as follows, receive input, process the input earlier in accordance with the program, save the commands and the results of processing. The purpose of this study is to show how much influence is given by overclocking and downclocking process to processor performance, to know the effect on the working temperature generated and the power used from the process. This research method is data analysis with tools that have been prepared. The result of this research is by application of benchmark of synthesis, graph of which shows that the higher the value hence the better its performance, except in Super Pi application which uses second time unit (s) where less time required in test indicate optimal processor performance, to overcome from the need for high computing and so as not to rush to upgrade hardware and also to save more cost in hardware upgrade. The conclusion is the frequency of downcloking generated by 1000 MHz, standard frequency 3000 MHz, Overclocking frequency of 3750 MHz, unstable system, with the overclock system will be unstable until lag / hang unstable system occurs at frequencies above 3.75 GHz.
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Ginsborg, Hannah. "Wittgenstein on Going On." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2019.48.
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In a famous passage from the Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein describes a pupil who has been learning to write out various sequences of numbers in response to orders such as “+1” (for the natural numbers) and “+2” (for the series 0, 2, 4, 6, 8…). He has shown himself competent for numbers up to 1000, but when we have him continue the “+2” sequence beyond 1000, he writes the numerals 1004, 1008, 1012. As Wittgenstein describes the case: We say to him, “Look what you’re doing!” — He doesn’t understand us. We say “You should have added two; look how you began the series!” — He answers: “Yes! Isn’t it right? I thought that’s how I should [sollen] do it. — Or suppose he were to say, pointing to the series, “But I went on in the same way!”(PI §185)1The passage continues:— It would now be no use to us to say “But don’t you see…?” — and repeat for him the old explanations and examples. — In such a case, we might perhaps say: this person naturally understands our order, once given our explanations, as we would understand the order “Add 2 up to 1000, 4 up to 2000, 6 up to 3000, and so on.”(ibid.)
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Schellenberg, Ben, Tom Richardson, Arthur Richards, Robert Clarke, and Matt Watson. "On-Board Real-Time Trajectory Planning for Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Extreme Environments." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194085.
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A team from the University of Bristol have developed a method of operating fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) at long-range and high-altitude over Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala for the purposes of volcanic monitoring and ash-sampling. Conventionally, the mission plans must be carefully designed prior to flight, to cope with altitude gains in excess of 3000 m, reaching 9 km from the ground control station and 4500 m above mean sea level. This means the climb route cannot be modified mid-flight. At these scales, atmospheric conditions change over the course of a flight and so a real-time trajectory planner (RTTP) is desirable, calculating a route on-board the aircraft. This paper presents an RTTP based around a genetic algorithm optimisation running on a Raspberry Pi 3 B+, the first of its kind to be flown on-board a UAV. Four flights are presented, each having calculated a new and valid trajectory on-board, from the ground control station to the summit region of Volcań de Fuego. The RTTP flights are shown to have approximately equivalent efficiency characteristics to conventionally planned missions. This technology is promising for the future of long-range UAV operations and further development is likely to see significant energy and efficiency savings.
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Serrano, A. "Purification, characterization and function of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain P.C.C. 7119." Biochemical Journal 288, no. 3 (December 15, 1992): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2880823.
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A dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dihydrolipoamide: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.4) (DLD) has been found in the soluble fraction of cells of both unicellular (Synechococcus sp. strain P.C.C. 6301) and filamentous (Calothrix sp. strain P.C.C. 7601 and Anabaena sp. strain P.C.C. 7119) cyanobacteria. DLD from Anabaena sp. was purified 3000-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 190 units/mg and was characterized as a dimeric FAD-containing protein with a native molecular mass of 104 kDa, a Stokes' radius of 4.28 nm and a very acidic pI value of about 3.7. As is the case with the same enzyme from other sources, cyanobacterial DLD showed specificity for NADH and lipoamide, or lipoic acid, as substrates. Nevertheless, the strong acidic character of the Anabaena DLD is a distinctive feature with respect to the same enzyme from other organisms. The presence of essential thiol groups was suggested by the inactivation produced by thiol-group-reactive reagents and heavy-metal ions, with lipoamide, but not NAD+, behaving as a protective agent. The function and physiological significance of Anabaena DLD are discussed in relation to the fact that 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes have not been detected so far in filamentous cyanobacteria. Glycine decarboxylase activity, which might be involved in photorespiratory metabolism, has been found, however, in cell extracts of Anabaena sp. strain P.C.C. 7119 as the present study demonstrates.
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Yamasaki, Yoshiki, Susumu Nakashima, and Haruyoshi Konno. "Pullulanase from rice endosperm." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 3 (September 12, 2008): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3056.
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Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) in non-germinating seeds was compared with that in germinating seeds. Moreover, pullulanase from the endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Hinohikari) seeds was isolated and its properties investigated. The pI value of pullulanase from seeds after 8 days of germination was almost equal to that from non-germinating seeds, which shows that these two enzymes are the same protein. Therefore, the same pullulanase may play roles in both starch synthesis during ripening and starch degradation during germination in rice seeds. The enzyme was isolated by a procedure that included ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulofine column chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and preparative disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was homogeneous by SDS/PAGE. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 100 000 based on its mobility on SDS/PAGE and 105 000 based on gel filtration with TSKgel super SW 3000, which showed that it was composed of a single unit. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.7. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by beta-cyclodextrin. The enzyme was not activated by thiol reagents such as dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol or glutathione. The enzyme most preferably hydrolyzed pullulan and liberated only maltotriose. The pullulan hydrolysis was strongly inhibited by the substrate at a concentration higher than 0.1%. The degree of inhibition increased with an increase in the concentration of pullulan. However, the enzyme hydrolyzed amylopectin, soluble starch and beta-limit dextrin more rapidly as their concentrations increased. The enzyme exhibited alpha-glucosyltransfer activity and produced an alpha-1,6-linked compound of two maltotriose molecules from pullulan.
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Farhadi, Ahmad, Hamid Farhamand, Mohammad Ali Nematollahi, Andrew Jeffs, and Shane D. Lavery. "Mitochondrial DNA population structure of the scalloped lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus 1758) from the West Indian Ocean." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 7 (July 24, 2013): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst097.
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Abstract Farhadi, A., Farhamand, H., Nematollahi, M. A., Jeffs, A., and Lavery, S. D. 2013. Mitochondrial DNA population structure of the scalloped lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus 1758) from the West Indian Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . The scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a highly valuable species with a widespread global distribution, ranging from South Africa around the Persian Gulf, and across the Indo-Pacific as far as Japan and French Polynesia. Throughout its range, the species is an important fisheries species with global annual landings in the order of 3000 t. Mitochondrial control region DNA sequences (625 bp) were used to investigate the population genetic structure of this species in the West Indian Ocean (WIO), using 137 individuals collected from four sites, including two locations along the south coast of Iran, and sites along the coast of the Sultanate of Oman in the Arab Sea, as well as Tanzania in eastern Africa. High levels of haplotype diversity (H = 0.997) were observed in all populations, although nucleotide diversity was relatively low (pi = 0.035). The hypothesis of a single stock in this region was rejected, with highly significant genetic differentiation revealed between Tanzania and the remaining locations (overall ΦST = 0.039, p < 0.00001), as well as slight genetic structure in the Arabian Sea region. Historical population expansion was inferred from Tajima's D and Fu's F tests. The results reveal at least two distinct genetic stocks in WIO and may have major implications for fisheries management.
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Herrington, Mark E., Craig Hardner, Malcolm Wegener, Louella Woolcock, and Mark J. Dieters. "Estimating an Aggregate Economic Genotype to Facilitate Breeding and Selection of Strawberry Genotypes in Southeast Queensland." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 3 (May 2014): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.3.253.
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The Queensland strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) breeding program in subtropical Australia aims to improve sustainable profitability for the producer. Selection must account for the relative economic importance of each trait and the genetic architecture underlying these traits in the breeding population. Our study used estimates of the influence of a trait on production costs and profitability to develop a profitability index (PI) and an economic weight (i.e., change in PI for a unit change in level of trait) for each trait. The economic weights were then combined with the breeding values for 12 plant and fruit traits on over 3000 genotypes that were represented in either the current breeding population or as progenitors in the pedigree of these individuals. The resulting linear combination (i.e., sum of economic weight × breeding value for all 12 traits) estimated the overall economic worth of each genotype as H, the aggregate economic genotype. H values were validated by comparisons among commercial cultivars and were also compared with the estimated gross margins. When the H value of ‘Festival’ was set as zero, the H values of genotypes in the pedigree ranged from –0.36 to +0.28. H was highly correlated (R2 = 0.77) with the year of selection (1945–98). The gross margins were highly linearly related (R2 > 0.98) to H values when the genotype was planted on less than 50% of available area, but the relationship was non-linear [quadratic with a maximum (R2 > 0.96)] when the planted area exceeded 50%. Additionally, with H values above zero, the variation in gross margin increased with increasing H values as the percentage of area planted to a genotype increased. High correlations among some traits allowed the omission of any one of three of the 12 traits with little or no effect on ranking (Spearman’s rank correlation 0.98 or greater). Thus, these traits may be dropped from the aggregate economic genotype, leading to either cost reductions in the breeding program or increased selection intensities for the same resources. H was efficient in identifying economically superior genotypes for breeding and deployment, but because of the non-linear relationship with gross margin, calculation of a gross margin for genotypes with high H is also necessary when cultivars are deployed across more than 50% of the available area.
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Cho, Young-Hun, Jae-Gyoung Seong, Jae-Hyun Noh, Da-Young Kim, Yong-Sik Chung, Tae Hoon Ko, and Byoung-Suhk Kim. "CoMnO2-Decorated Polyimide-Based Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Wire-Type Asymmetric Supercapacitor Applications." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 5863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245863.
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In this work, we report the carbon fiber-based wire-type asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). The highly conductive carbon fibers were prepared by the carbonized and graphitized process using the polyimide (PI) as a carbon fiber precursor. To assemble the ASC device, the CoMnO2-coated and Fe2O3-coated carbon fibers were used as the cathode and the anode materials, respectively. Herein, the nanostructured CoMnO2 were directly deposited onto carbon fibers by a chemical oxidation route without high temperature treatment in presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. FE-SEM analysis confirmed that the CoMnO2-coated carbon fiber electrode exhibited the porous hierarchical interconnected nanosheet structures, depending on the added amount of APS, and Fe2O3-coated carbon fiber electrode showed a uniform distribution of porous Fe2O3 nanorods over the surface of carbon fibers. The electrochemical properties of the CoMnO2-coated carbon fiber with the concentration of 6 mmol APS presented the enhanced electrochemical activity, probably due to its porous morphologies and good conductivity. Further, to reduce the interfacial contact resistance as well as improve the adhesion between transition metal nanostructures and carbon fibers, the carbon fibers were pre-coated with the Ni layer as a seed layer using an electrochemical deposition method. The fabricated ASC device delivered a specific capacitance of 221 F g−1 at 0.7 A g−1 and good rate capability of 34.8% at 4.9 A g−1. Moreover, the wire-type device displayed the superior energy density of 60.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 490 W kg−1 and excellent capacitance retention of 95% up to 3000 charge/discharge cycles.
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Liu, Huan, Xiong Zhou, Shaowen Huang, Jie Yang, Ruijing Liu, and Chunhong Liu. "Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides and Wolfberry Juice Prevent DEHP-Induced Hepatotoxicity via PXR-Regulated Detoxification Pathway." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040859.
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Environmental di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in various industries as a plasticizer, and has been reported to induce reproductive and developmental toxicities in organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detoxification capacity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and wolfberry juice (WJ) against DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity. Two groups of rats were purchased to study two different intervention method experiments: LBP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg·bw) intervention before DEHP (2000 mg/kg·bw) exposure, and LBP (200 mg/kg·bw) or WJ (8 mL/kg·bw) intervention after DEHP (3000 mg/kg·bw) exposure. The rats were exposed to DEHP once, while the intervention lasted for seven days. At the end of the intervention, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the related index. The LBP intervention before DEHP exposure experiment (the first experimental method) found that LBP group rats showed a strong capacity toward DEHP detoxification, evidenced by the significant upregulation of activities and concentrations of the partner retinoid, X receptor alpha (RXRα), and downstream regulators Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), Cytochrome P4503A1 (CYP3A1), Glutathione S-Transferase Pi (GSTpi), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) in a dose-dependent manner. The LBP and WJ intervention after DEHP exposure experiment (the second intervention experiment) found that WJ could downregulate pregnane X receptor (PXR), and upregulate downstream regulators, CYP2E1, CYP3A1, and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) with the extension of intervention time, to alleviate the toxicity of DEHP. However, the intervention effect of WJ was more obvious than that of LBP. These results suggested that LBP and WJ might be effective detoxification agents against DEHP-induced toxic effects, by activating PXR and PXR-related detoxifying enzymes.
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Graham, M. N., and T. J. Mantle. "Purification of a class C A-type β-lactamase from a derepressed strain of Enterobacter cloacae. Comparison of the wild-type and mutant enzyme with those from strains P99, 208 and GN7471." Biochemical Journal 260, no. 3 (June 15, 1989): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2600705.
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Enterobacter cloacae strain 5822 expresses low levels of a class C beta-lactamase which can be induced 100-fold by imipenem. Mutants that constitutively express high levels of beta-lactamase can be selected on aztreonam or cefotaxime. The beta-lactamase from one such mutant (5822M2) has been purified to homogeneity and compared on the basis of subunit Mr, pI, substrate specificity, inhibitor sensitivity and immunological cross-reactivity with the enzyme from strains P99, GN7471 and 208, which have been studied previously. The enzyme from strain 5822M2 is clearly related to these other forms and is of the A-type according to the criteria of Seeberg, Tolxdorff-Neutzling & Wiedemann [Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1983) 23, 918-925]. The enzyme from the wild-type strain (5822) is shown to be identical to that found in the depressed strain (5822M2), indicating that the mutation is in a regulatory gene. A detailed analysis of the kinetics of the enzyme from strain 5822M2 shows that all of the beta-lactams studied are substrates and that a mechanism involving the formation of an acyl-enzyme is probably applicable in every case. The substrates however can clearly be grouped into two classes, i.e. ‘good’ substrates with kcat. values of 80-1200 s-1 and ‘poor’ substrates/good inhibitors with kcat. values of 0.009-0.00007 s-1. The permeability barrier to aztreonam is 4-fold less in the derepressed strain when compared with the wild-type strain. This is associated with significant changes in the expression of outer membrane porins. The observed resistance in the derepressed mutant appears to be linked to the elevated levels of beta-lactamase (3000-fold) rather than to the modest changes in the permeability barrier.
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Leonardo, Cassandra, Crystal G. Franklin, and Peter T. Fox. "4386 Age-related Changes in the Functional Connectivity within the Default Mode Network." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.166.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To evaluate whether the default mode network experiences age-related changes in functional connectivity and to identify these patterns of progression across seven decades of life. The overall goal is to evaluate whether quantifying these functional changes can serve as potential neurobiomarkers of aging for further quantitative genetic analyses. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Scans were performed at the RII on a 3T Siemens Trio scanner with an 8-channel head coil. Whole-brain, rsfMR imaging was performed using a gradient-echo EPI sequence sensitive to the BOLD effect (TE/TR = 30/3000 ms; flip angle = 90°; isotropic 1.72 mm2). Subjects were instructed to lie in dimmed light with their eyes open and try not to fall asleep. Image analysis was performed with FMRIB’s Software Library tools (www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl). Preprocessing of resting state data includes motion correction, brain extraction, spatial smoothing, and high-pass temporal filtering. Time series data was extracted from 9 DMN ROIs using FSL’s Featquery tool with 6mm radius spherical ROI masks created in Mango. After extraction, DMN connectivity was assess using structural equation modeling implemented in Amos 22.0 (IBM, Inc.). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The exploratory SEM (eSEM) default mode network (DMN) model used consists of 9 regions of interest and 13 functional connectivity paths. The eSEM DMN model exhibited exceptional model fit to a primary resting state data set of 1169 subjects from the Genetics of Brain Structure project (1R01MH078111-01, David Glahn PI) with an RMSEA of 0.037. This model also had excellent model fit in 7 cohorts that were grouped by decade age (10s – RMSEA: 0.058, 20s – 0.051, 30s – 0.045, 40s – 0.048, 50s – 0.043, 60s – 0.035, 70s – 0.037). Analysis of the decade group-wise path coefficients identified 7 of the 13 paths (pC -> LMTG, pC -> PCC, PCC -> MPFG, PCC -> vACC, MPFG -> vACC, LIPL -> RIPL, LMTG -> RMTG) significantly negatively correlated with age-related changes. As early as the 1st decade of life, the functional connectivity within the DMN decreases. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The DMN experiences progressive age-related decreases in connectivity, beginning in the first decade of life. Our results suggest that DMN path coefficients can serve as biomarkers of cognitive aging, which can then be used as quantitative traits for genetic analyses to identify genes associated with normal aging and age-related cognitive diseases.
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Malimpensa, Danaê, Eliel Faber, Marcus A. F. Corat, Marlous V. G. Lana, Bryan E. Strauss, Fernando F. Costa, Susan Elisabeth Jorge, and Maria de Fátima Sonati. "CRISPR/Cas9 Unsettle PIP4K2A and α, β, and γ Globin Genes Expression." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117384.
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Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-phosphate kinases (PIPKins) belong to a family of lipid kinase enzymes that generate lipid messengers derivate from inositol, including the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which participates in several cell regulation processes including gene expression. Previous studies developed in our laboratory suggested that the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase-II-alpha (PIP4KIIα) may be related with the expression of the globin genes. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the expression levels of the α, β and γ globin genes after disruption and overexpression of the PIP4KIIα gene (PIP4KIIA) in KU812 erythroleukemic cell line. The PIP4KIIα gene disruption was performed by using CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/dCas9 techniques: KU812 cells were electro-transfected (Lonza 4D Nucleofector) with CRISPR/Cas9 lentiviral plasmid construct containing 3 gRNA targets to exon 8 of PIP4KIIA to knockout the gene; RNA samples from the pool of cells were collected and quantified by qPCR after 9 (t1) and 14 days (t2) of transfection. To overexpress PIP4K2A, CRISPR/dCas9 system (five lentiviral plasmids - 3 gRNAs targeting 214 nt upstream the transcriptional start site of PIP4K2A and 2 SAM accessorial factors) was transfected (Lipofectamine 3000) and RNA quantified by qPCR 24 (h1), 48 (h2) and 72 (h3) hours after the procedure. β-ACTIN and GAPDH genes were used as endogenous controls for qPCR. Our results with transfected cells without selection revealed, as expected, a reduction of PIP4KIIA compared to the control (no transfected cells - t1 and t2). The α globin genes presented a variation of 42% (increase in t1) and a 60% reduction in t2 (RQ = 1.42; RQ = 0.40, respectively), while β globin genes presented a 123% increase in t1 and remained similar to the control at t2 (RQ = 2.23; RQ = 1.01). The γ globin genes presented variation of 18% and 59% reduction in t1 and t2, respectively (RQ = 0.82; RQ = 0.41). The overexpression results suggested that PIP4KIIA leads to a higher γ globin expression in h2 and h3 (RQ = 3.26; RQ = 2.01) as well as a lower β globin expression in h1, h2 and h3 (RQ = 0.54; RQ = 0.002; RQ = 0.18), while a globin remained similar to the control at all analysed times (RQ variation of 1.26; 0.82 and 1.25, respectively). These results, although preliminary, suggest a possible relationship between PIP4KIIα and the regulation of expression of the globin genes. Financial Support: Fapesp, CNPq, CAPES, Faepex-Unicamp. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Graham, Amy C., Alexey Efanov, Bartlomiej P. Przychodzen, Cassandra M. Hirsch, Vera Adema, Valeria Visconte, and Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski. "Selective Pharmacologic Inhibition of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Clones." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114973.
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Abstract Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is usually associated with reduced bone marrow (BM) capacity caused by acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia (AA). PIGA mutations lead to a partial or total deficiency of glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchor proteins (AP). AA is characteristically accompanied by the presence of often tiny GPI-AP deficient clones, which in a significant proportion of patients (10-15%), irrespective of the initial success of immunosuppressive therapy, will evolve to produce manifest hemolytic PNH. Indeed in our cohort of BM failure patients (n=319), 41% of AA patients had a PNH clone present (0.02-20% of granulocytes) (AA/PNH), 14% of patients had primary PNH (primary PNH), and 8% had a history of PNH post AA (secondary PNH). To date, drug development for PNH has focused on designing supportive therapies to prevent transfusions due to hemolysis or thrombotic complications. In addition to the current FDA approved C5 inhibitor eculizumab, new, more convenient and effective complement blockers are under development. Apart from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, no direct strategies targeting basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of PNH have been ventured to prevent evolution of PNH clones and cure the disease. In early AA/PNH syndrome, the PIGA mutant HSCs are rare and unlikely contribute to significant blood cell production. While in later stages of manifest hemolytic PNH, hematopoiesis relies most frequently on mutant HSCs and thus elimination of these cells would result in AA. We hypothesized that if a selective inhibitor of GPI-AP-deficient [GPI-AP (-)] cells can be developed, it could be used primarily in AA/PNH patients with a small clone size. The hope would be to prevent both later expansion of GPI-AP d(-) cells and development of manifest PNH. To discover compounds acting selectively against GPI-AP (-) cells, we subjected wild type (WT) and GPI-AP (-) cell lines (K562, TF-1) to a high-throughput screen using a platform of 3000 bio-active molecules to identify hits and chemical compounds capable of selectively eliminating GPI-AP (-) cells. Our robotic screen yielded several top hits including GR -89696 fumarate, D-cycloserine and CGS-15943. Dose-response experiments confirmed CGS-15943 as a candidate growth inhibitor of GPI-AP (-) cells. CGS-15943 is an adenosine receptor antagonist and non-phosphodiesterase inhibitor which has previously been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth via PI3K/Akt pathway. Low range dose CGS-15943 (1uM) induced cell growth inhibition in K562 and TF-1 GPI-AP (-) cells by 4.7 fold and 3.2 fold, respectively. No cell growth arrest was observed in K562 WT and TF-1 WT cells, as the percentage of alive cells was >95% upon drug treatment. Mixed competition assays were conducted in vitro using equal ratios of K562 and TF-1 WT and GPI-AP (-) cells exposed to CGS-15943 (1uM). Six days after culture, flow cytometric analysis of CD59 surface expression revealed that CGS-15943 allowed for preferential survival of WT cells (84.7 % K562, 96.3% TF-1) vs. GPI-AP (-) cells (15.3% K562, 3.7% TF-1). CGS-15943 induced an increase in the % of AnnexinV+/PI- and AnnexinV+/PI+ in TF-1 GPI-AP (-) cells (12.04% and 44.82, respectively). Similar results were obtained in K562 GPI-AP (-) cells (15.84% and 21.08%). Mononuclear cells of a PNH patient were stimulated with CD3/28 beads in presence of CGS-15943. Flow cytometric analysis indicates a dose dependent growth inhibition effect on GPI-AP (-) lymphocytes after 3 days of culture. Previous reported observations from our group identified that the survival differences between GPI-AP (-) and WT cells largely depend on active PI3K signaling pathway. Our pilot investigation of CGS-15943 - indicates that CGS-15943 induces an decrease in the protein expression of the PI3K isoform - p110γ - exclusively in GPI-AP (-) cells possibly suggesting that CGS-15943 inhibits the catalytic subunit of- p110γ. In sum, we describe that the small molecule compound CGS-15943 selectively eliminates GPI-AP (-) cells in vitro, in both cell lines and in primary PNH cells most likely interfering with the PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Disclosures Maciejewski: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy.
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Nguyen, V. T., S. Wakayama, S. Kishigami, and T. Wakayama. "62SPINDLE MORPHOGENESIS AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHROMOSOMES IN MOUSE NUCLEAR TRANSFER: AN ABNORMAL START IN CLONING OF MICE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab62.
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Cloning of mammals by somatic nuclear transfer (NT) was achieved more than 6 years ago. Nonetheless, the success rate is very low. Although spindles and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) are thought to play important roles in the cell cycle and maybe reprogramming after NT, the spindle and NuMA morphogenesis after NT is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the spindle, NuMA morphogenesis and chromosome morphology in mouse NT. Maturated mouse oocytes were collected from mature B6D2F1 females 16h after hCG injection. The donor nuclei used in this study were cumulus cells. A donor nucleus was injected into an oocyte by means of a piezo pulse system. For double labeling, DNA was stained with PI (red) or Hoechst 33342 (blue); tubulin, NuMA, and phosphorylated histone H3 were stained with FITC or alexa 488 (green). All samples were visualized with a BioRad Radiance 2100 confocal scanning laser microscope. In this study, the spindle, NuMA morphogenesis, chromosome morphology, and histone H3 phosphorylation were identified using more than 3000 maturated mouse oocytes in five experimental studies to examine (1) the morphological changes of spindle and NuMA in NT oocytes at 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 360min after injection of somatic cell nuclei into intact or enucleated maturated oocytes; (2) the localization and morphology of spindles and NuMA of NT embryo followed by activation at 1, 2, and 6h after somatic nuclear injection; (3) the effects of the timing of activation and donor cell membrane on the spindle morphogenesis; (4) the effects of intact nuclear membrane or its breakdown by micropipette on spindle morphogenesis; and (5) the correlation between donor cell chromosome condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation after injection into enucleated maturated oocytes. As control, the NuMA morphogenesis during the early pronuclear stages of NT was compared with those of ICSI oocytes. We consistently observed that abnormal spindle morphogenesis occurred during the early stages of mouse NT. Most of the NT oocytes began with monopolar spindle and monopolar NuMA (90–95%), and this phenomenon occurred 10min after NT. Only 5–10% of NT oocytes started with bipolar spindles. However, monopolar spindles were transformed into bipolar spindles during 30–60min after NT by bipolarization of centrosomal NuMA. After activation, NuMA was localized in the perispindle region, and finally concentrated inside the pronuclei of embryo. This spindle morphogenesis was independent of the presence or absence of metaphase II [not like in rhesus monkeys, whereas meiotic spindle removal depletes the ooplasm of NuMA and HSET, both vital for mitotic spindle pole formation (Lanza R et al., 2003 Science, 300, 297)]. The breakdown of the donor nuclear membrane by micropipette resulted in the increase of bipolar spindle formation in NT. The initiation of chromosome condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation were observed 30 min after NT and the maximum of histone H3 phosphorylation was occurred 60 to 90min after NT. Future studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of monopolar spindle formation, chromosomal abnormalities in NT, and the relation of the monopolar phenomenon to the success rate in mammalian cloning.
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Panes, Olga, Valeria Matus, Claudia G. Sáaez, Jaime Pereira, and Diego Mezzano. "Platelet Tissue Factor: Fast and Specific Clotting Activation Pathway Mediated by VWF-GPIba Interaction and Platelet Membrane FVII. Human Platelets Contain All the Components for Assembling the Prothrombinase Complex and Their Procoagulant Function Is Independent of Aggregation/Secretion and GPVI Function." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3000.3000.
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Abstract Abstract 3000 Poster Board II-977 Human platelets synthesize and store functionally silent tissue factor (TF) which expresses procoagulant activity (PCA) after platelet activation. Fast activation of TF was elicited by VWF-Ristocetin (VWF-R) through GPIbαa activation and Src-Lyn transduction pathway (Blood, Nov 2008; 112:113). Given that GPVI, along with GPIb and TF have been found in “lipid rafts”, and the activated form of GPVI signals through Fyn, another member of the Src family, we tested if GPVI was involved in TF-initiated PCA. We also studied the time-course and pathway specificity of TF activation and the role of platelet FVII in PCA. Weak TF immunofluorescence and co-localization with GPIba were observed in non stimulated washed platelets. A mild increase of TF fluorescence was detected 2 min after TRAP activation, which augmented when the stimulus was VWF-R. Furthermore, striking enhancement of TF fluorescence occurred 2 min after depositing platelets over a VWF-coated surface, but not over fibrinogen or albumin. Platelets adherent to VWF matrix showed GPIb clustering and loss of co-localization with TF. Externalization of TF was confirmed by immunoprecipitation (Ip) of biotinylated membranes before and after platelet activation. Concomitantly, TF-dependent FXa generation increased 5-10-fold shortly after VWF stimulus. Washed platelets stimulated with VWF-R agglutinated normally when stirred in an aggregometer, and the fraction of platelets exposing anionic phospholipids (annexin V binding) was similar to parallel samples stimulated with TRAP. However, VWF-R induced null 14C-serotonin secretion and P-selectin exposure (flow cytometry) in washed platelets. In contrast, TRAP, collagen, ADP and convulxin induced full platelet aggregation, 14C-serotonin and P-selectin secretion at 2-5 min, but with no increase in FXa generation. Platelet PCA was inhibited by antibodies against TF, GPIba, FVIIa, as well as by SU6656 and PP2 (Src pathway inhibitors), but not by Gö6850 (a PKC inhibitor) or exogenous TFPI. p85, a subunit of PI-3K constitutively associated with GPIb complex, becomes strongly associated with TF after stimulation with VWF-R, though only weakly after TRAP activation, confirming the coordinate activation of GPIb and TF. FVII and FX were revealed in platelet membrane fractions by immunoblotting and both co-precipitate with TF in non-stimulated platelets. Two min after activation with VWF-R striking co-precipitations of TF with FVII and FX light chains were evidenced, denoting activation of platelet FVII and FX. When exogenous FX was added to the assay, the amount of FXa generated after 1 and 2 min stimulation was similar whether or not exogenous FVIIa was added. Platelets from four non-related patients with bleeding related to hereditary defect of GPVI had null aggregation and secretion with convulxin and collagen, less than 7% labeling of GPVI by flow cytometry and an immunoreactive membrane GPVI of Mr≈40kDa (native GPVI Mr=62kDa). All of them had normal agglutination with VWF-R and normal FXa generation. In summary, GPIb activation by VWF constitutes a unique and fast inducer of platelet TF-dependent PCA. This process requires anionic phospholipid exposure, but is independent of platelet GPIIb/IIIa and GPVI function. Platelet FVII can initiate FXa generation without need of plasma FVII. The associations of platelet FVII and FX with TF on membrane fractions, together with the large amount of FV in platelets, indicate that human platelets provide not just TF and a PCA phospholipid platform, but also all the components of the prothrombinase complex to trigger the clotting process. Taken together, our results underline the central role of platelets in the whole hemostatic process, unifying primary and secondary hemostasis and circumscribing thrombin generation and fibrin deposition where platelet plug is being formed. Platelet PCA should become a pharmacological target for preventing or managing bleeding and thrombotic disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Chaaban, Hala, Ravi Keshari, Padmaja Mehta-D'Souza, Robert Silasi-Mansat, Narcis I. Popescu, and Florea Lupu. "Protective Mechanisms Of Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Protein On Extracellular Histone Toxicity." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.19.19.
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Abstract Sepsis is almost invariably associated with hemostatic abnormalities ranging from isolated thrombocytopenia to acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Recent evidence indicates that extracellular histones are important mediators and therapeutic targets in sepsis, inflammation and thrombosis. Baboons challenged with E. coli release large amounts of histones into systemic blood circulation. Conversely, infusion of histones into mice and baboons directly induces an inflammatory response, fibrin and platelet deposition in the tissues, leading to organ failure and death. In vitro, histones cytotoxicity is significantly decreased in the presence of plasma or serum. Here, we demonstrate that Inter-alpha Inhibitor Protein (IAIP), an abundant plasma protein, effectively neutralizes the cytotoxic effects of histones and decreases platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. IAIP consists of three polypeptides: two heavy chains (HC) and one light chain called bikunin. Bikunin, which has anti-proteolytic activity, carries a chondroitin sulfate (CS) chain to which the heavy chains are covalently linked. The heavy chains can be transferred from IAIP to hyaluronan (HA) and become covalently linked to form HC-HA complex. The mechanism of histone inhibition by IAIP is unclear. Since histones are cationic molecules and can be electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged glycosaminoglycans, we hypothesize that the inhibitory activity of IAIP against histone toxicity could be at least in part mediated by HA and CS. The major aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of IAIP and its components (bikunin, CS, and HA) with histones and to validate the protective effect of IAIP against histone induced thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, and organ injury. We first determined the effect of the different components of IAIP on histone-induced toxicity, by incubating HL60 cells with histones +/- IAIP, CS, high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) or bikunin. Cell damage was measured by flow cytometry for propidium iodide (PI) staining. We also tested the effects of IAIP, CS, HMW-HA, and CS on histone-induced platelet aggregation. Interestingly, IAIP, HMW-HA and CS, but not bikunin prevented histone-induced toxicity and platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner. Next, we determined if HA or CS are partly responsible for the protective effect of IAIP by pre-incubating IAIP with hyaluronidase or chondoritinase. Hyaluronidase, but not chondoritinase, slightly decreased the protective effects of IAIP on histone-induced platelet aggregation and cytotoxicity, suggesting that HA has a partial role. In addition, using BIACORE 3000, we proved that both IAIP and HMW HA bind to recombinant histone H4 in a dose dependent manner. To validate the protective effect against histone toxicity in vivo, we injected C57BL/6 mice with intravenous calf thymus histones (50 mg/kg) with/without IAIP (50 mg/kg) or HMW HA (90 mg/kg). Platelets were measured before and 30 minutes after histone challenge. As expected, mice injected with only histones developed severe thrombocytopenia (up to ∼ 90%) and prolonged bleeding time (> 10 minutes). Co-injecting mice with histones and IAIP or HMW HA significantly reduced histone-induced thrombocytopenia, with platelet consumption of 82% in the histone-only group versus 37% in the histone + IAIP group and 23% in the histone + HMW-HA group. Both treatments also reduced tail bleeding time from 10 minutes for histone only group to 2.4 minutes in histone + IAIP group and 2.2 minutes for histone + HMW-HA. In addition, mice co-injected with histones and IAIP or HMW HA had significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, KC, MCP-1) and lung injury markers, such as decreased neutrophil infiltration, decreased fibrin deposition and microvascular thrombosis, as noted by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IAIP and HMW-HA could protect against histone-induced cytotoxicity, platelet activation and microthrombosis, prevent thrombocytopenia and prolonged bleeding time, and protect against systemic inflammation and organ injury. It is likely that IAIP protective effects are at least partially mediated by the HA associated with this protein. Our data suggest that IAIP and HMW-HA could be developed as novel therapies for multiple organ failure in patients with sepsis and trauma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Serapinas, Danielius, Brigita Šitkauskienė, and Raimundas Sakalauskas. "Alfa 1 antitripsino fenotipų reikšmė lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos genezėje." Pulmonology and allergology 2, no. 2 (September 10, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/pia.518.
Full textAbstract:
Polinkis sirgti lėtine obstrukcine plaučių liga (LOPL) nulemtas tiek išorinės aplinkos, tiek genetinių veiksnių. Nors rūkymas yra vienas pagrindinių lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos rizikos veiksnių, egzistuoja ir įrodytas genetinis polinkis sirgti šia liga, kai yra įgimta alfa 1 antitripsino (AAT) stoka. Alfa 1 antitripsino stoka – viena dažniausių europiečių genetinių ydų, pažeidžianti maždaug 1 iš 1600–3000 asmenų. AAT – proteazių inhibitorius, apsaugantis plaučių audinį nuo žalingų išorinės ir vidinių veiksnių. Kai stinga šios antiproteazės, ardomos alveolių sienelės ir formuojasi lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga arba emfizema. AAT stoka statistiškai reikšmingai susijusi su ankstyvu LOPL pasireiškimu ir sparčiu ligos progresavimu, invalidumu, trumpesne gyvenimo trukme. AAT stoka diagnozuojama 1–3 proc. LOPL sergančių asmenų. Tipinės AAT stokos atvejais žmogus turi būti gavęs po pakitusį PI geną (PI Z, PI S, PI Null) iš abiejų tėvų, nes liga paveldima autosominiu recesyviniu būdu. Daugeliui LOPL sergančių pacientų AAT stoka lieka nediagnozuota. Taigi ankstyva LOPL pacientų patikra dėl alfa 1 antitripsino stokos – svarbi ligos priežastiniam veiksniui nustatyti, ligos eigai prognozuoti, gydymui bei profilaktikai.
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V, Aparna. "Application of DCS for Level Control in Nonlinear System using Optimization and Robust Algorithms." ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 9, no. 1 (February 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij2020912950.
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This proposed work deals with the real-time implementation of a PI level controller for a nonlinear interacting multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system using YOKOGAWA CENTUM CS 3000 DCS. Some intricate algorithms were chosen to tune the PI controller, presuming the effect of disturbances in a nonlinear interacting MIMO system. Three algorithms; a classical evolution algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA); a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO); and a robust algorithm, quantitative feedback theory (QFT) were chosen to tune thecontroller offline optimally. These controllers were then implemented in the process using distributed control systems (DCS), and the simulation results resulting from the three algorithms were compared with the experimental results. The impact of the tuning algorithms in the controller performance was studied in real-time.
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Mwangi, Hellen Wanini, and Mpai Mokoena. "Using Deep Learning to Detect Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottle Status for Recycling." Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, November 18, 2019, 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjcstgvol19is4pg27.
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Following the recent ban of plastic waste import by China, many developed countries face challenges with their huge amount of plastic waste. Some of the countries have diverted their waste to other developing East-Asia countries like Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia. However, Malaysian government has taken strict action to send back over 3000 tons of plastic waste to its origin citing contamination. The aim of this paper is to establish mechanisms to detect the status of post-consumer PET bottles for recycling. By encouraging recycling of clean pet bottles, we ensure high quality bottles for recycling. A research based as well as experimental design approach was adopted to develop mechanisms to detect PET bottle status. During the experiment, various PET bottles were collected and images captured. A total of 1749 images were captured using raspberry Pi camera.