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Albuquerque, A. W., F. Lombardi Neto, A. Cataneo, and V. S. Srinivasan. "Parâmetros erosividade da chuva e da enxurrada correlacionados com as perdas de solo de um solo Bruno Não-Cálcico Vértico em Sumé (PB)." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 22, no. 4 (December 1998): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06831998000400020.
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Foram estudadas correlações lineares simples entre os parâmetros erosividade da chuva e da enxurrada e as perdas de solo provocadas por chuvas erosivas num solo Bruno Não-Cálcico Vértico. Os dados correspondentes aos anos de 1986-1990 foram obtidos na estação experimental de Sumé (PB), pertencente à Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB. Os parâmetros erosividade da chuva e da enxurrada estudados foram: (a) altura total da chuva (P), em mm; (b) intensidades máximas (In), ocorridas nos tempos de 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55; 60 e 120 minutos, respectivamente, em mm h-1; (c) energia cinética total, pelo método de Wischmeier e Smith (Ec) e pelo método de Wagner e Massambani (EcW), em MJ ha-1; (d) somatório da energia cinética de intensidades superior a 10 mm h-1 (Ec > 10 e EcW > 10) em MJ ha-1; (e) somatório da energia cinética de intensidades superior a 25 mm h-1 (Ec > 25 e EcW > 25), em MJ ha-1; (f) produtos da energia cinética total pelas intensidades máximas de chuva em intervalos crescentes de tempo (EIn), ou seja: EI5; EI10; EI15; EI20; EI25; EI30; EIW30; EI35; EI40; EI45; EI50; EI55; EI60 e EI120, em MJ mm ha-1 h-1; (g) produtos da altura total da chuva pelas intensidades máximas das chuvas em intervalos crescentes de tempo (PIn), ou seja: PI5; PI10; PI15; PI20; PI25; PI30; PI35; PI40; PI45; PI50; PI55; PI60 e PI120, em mm² h-1, e (h) volume de enxurrada (Vu), em m³. O parâmetro volume de enxurrada (Vu) foi o que melhor estimou (r = 0,812) as perdas de solo em Sumé (PB). Dentre os parâmetros erosividade da chuva, o que melhor se correlacionou com as perdas de solo foi o parâmetro PI25 (r = 0,753). As equações de Wischmeier & Smith e de Wagner & Massambani, utilizadas no cálculo da energia cinética total da chuva, apresentaram o mesmo grau de precisão na estimativa das perdas de solo.
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Fukuta, Yoshimichi, Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria, Nagao Hayashi, Seiji Yanagihara, Catherine Wanjiku Machungo, and Daigo Makihara. "Pathogenicities of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Isolates From Kenya." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-19-0870-re.
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A total of 99 isolates of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) were collected from 2010 to 2015 from four regions in Kenya: Kirinyaga County and Embu County, Kisumu County, Tana River County, and Mombasa County. The pathogenicities of these isolates were clarified based on the reaction patterns of Lijiangxintuanheigu and differential varieties (DVs) targeting 23 resistance genes. The frequency of virulent isolates was high for DVs for Pib, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); low for DVs for Pish, Pi9(t), Piz-5, and Piz-t; and intermediate for the remaining DVs for Pit, Piz, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi12(t). These blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia, Ib, and II. The frequencies of virulent isolates to DVs for Pit, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz, and Pi12(t) differed markedly between clusters I and II, and those of DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pita-2, Pita, and Pi20(t) differed between Ia and Ib. The frequencies of cluster groups in the four geographical regions were different. A total of 62 races were found, with 19 blast isolates categorized into one race (U63-i7-k177-z00-ta003), whereas the other races included only some isolates in each.
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Mohamed Hoesein, Firdaus A. A., Pim A. de Jong, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Willem P. T. M. Mali, Michael Schmidt, Harry J. de Koning, Carlijn van der Aalst, et al. "Airway wall thickness associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second decline and development of airflow limitation." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 3 (January 22, 2015): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00020714.
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Airway wall thickness and emphysema contribute to airflow limitation.We examined their association with lung function decline and development of airflow limitation in 2021 male smokers with and without airflow limitation. Airway wall thickness and emphysema were quantified on chest computed tomography and expressed as the square root of wall area of a 10-mm lumen perimeter (Pi10) and the 15th percentile method (Perc15), respectively. Baseline and follow-up (median (interquartile range) 3 (2.9–3.1) years) spirometry was available.Pi10 and Perc15 correlated with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (r= −0.49 and 0.11, respectively (p<0.001)). Multiple linear regression showed that Pi10 and Perc15 at baseline were associated with a lower FEV1 after follow-up (p<0.05). For eachsdincrease in Pi10 and decrease in Perc15 the FEV1 decreased by 20 mL and 30.2 mL, respectively. The odds ratio for developing airflow limitation after 3 years was 2.45 for a 1-mm higher Pi10 and 1.46 for a 10-HU lower Perc15 (p<0.001).A greater degree of airway wall thickness and emphysema was associated with a higher FEV1 decline and development of airflow limitation after 3 years of follow-up.
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Santos, Mauro Guida dos, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro, Ricardo Ferraz de Oliveira, and Carlos Pimentel. "Gas exchange and yield response to foliar phosphorus application in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under drought." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 16, no. 3 (December 2004): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202004000300007.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar Pi application on gas exchange and yield of bean genotypes submitted to a mild water deficit at the pre-flowering stage. In the first experiment, when extra Pi (10 g.L-1) was sprayed on leaves during water stress or during recovery, there was no effect on gas exchange or yield in the A320, Carioca and Ouro Negro genotypes. However, net CO2 assimilation (A) of A320 and Ouro Negro was less affected, but not significantly, than Carioca at the end of the stress, when Pi was supplied five days before water deficit. In the second experiment, two different doses of Pi (10 and 20 g.Pi L-1) were sprayed five days before water deficit on the Carioca genotype. During the last three days of the mild water deficit, A values were significantly higher for the Pi20 treatment when compared to the control plants without extra Pi supply. The intrinsic water use efficiency for plants receiving Pi20 was significantly higher than for the other treatments. In addition, seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants receiving Pi20 dose than for plants with Pi10 and its control.
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Kawasaki-Tanaka, A., N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Japan." Plant Disease 100, no. 4 (April 2016): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-15-0442-re.
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In total, 310 rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) isolates from Japan showed wide variation in virulence. Virulence on rice (Oryza sativa L.) differential varieties (DV) harboring resistance genes Pish, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, and Pi19(t) ranged from 82.9 to 100.0%. In contrast, virulence on DV possessing Pib, Pit, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pita-2, Pita, Pi12(t), and Pi20(t) ranged from 0 to 21.6%. Cluster analysis using the reaction patterns of the DV classified isolates into three groups: I, virulent to Pik, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pik-m, Pi1, and Pi7(t); IIa, avirulent to the preceding 6 genes and virulent to Pia, Pii, Pi3, and Pi5(t); and IIb, avirulent to all 10 genes. Group I was limited to northern Japan and group IIb to central Japan, while group IIa was distributed throughout Japan. We estimate that group IIa represents the original population and that groups I and IIb arose from it through minor changes in pathogenicity. We classified these isolates into 123 races by a new designation system and conclude that the rice blast races in Japan are less diverse than previously thought.
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Rutten, Erica P. A., Thomas B. Grydeland, Sreekumar G. Pillai, Scott Wagers, Asger Dirksen, Harvey O. Coxson, Amund Gulsvik, Emiel F. M. Wouters, and Per S. Bakke. "Quantitative CT: Associations between Emphysema, Airway Wall Thickness and Body Composition in COPD." Pulmonary Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/419328.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the association between CT phenotypes—emphysema by low attenuation area and bronchitis by airway wall thickness—and body composition parameters in a large cohort of subjects with and without COPD. In 452 COPD subjects and 459 subjects without COPD, CT scans were performed to determine emphysema (%LAA), airway wall thickness (AWT-Pi10), and lung mass. Muscle wasting based on FFMI was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. In both the men and women with COPD, FFMI was negatively associated with %LAA. FMI was positively associated with AWT-Pi10 in both subjects with and without COPD. Among the subjects with muscle wasting, the percentage emphysema was high, but the predictive value was moderate. In conclusion, the present study strengthens the hypothesis that the subgroup of COPD cases with muscle wasting have emphysema. Airway wall thickness is positively associated with fat mass index in both subjects with and without COPD.
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Gazourian, Lee, Anna Maria F. Coronata, Angela J. Rogers, Gerald L. Weinhouse, Robert J. Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Jerome Ritz, Vincent T. Ho, Rebecca M. Baron, and George R. Washko. "Airway Dilation in Bronchiolitis Obliterans After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3058.3058.
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Abstract Abstract 3058 Rationale: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a late, non-infectious pulmonary complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The prevalence is estimated to be between 5–10% after allogeneic HSCT with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. We were interested in assessing quantitative radiologic characterization of airway remodeling in these subjects. Objectives: To examine quantitative measurements of airway morphology and their correlation with lung function in a cohort of patients who underwent HSCT and developed BOS. Methods: All patients who underwent an allogeneic HSCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital (n=1854) between January 1st 2000 and June 30th2010 were screened for the development of BOS using modified NIH diagnostic criteria. Clinically acquired high resolution CT (HRCT) scans of the chest were collected. Discrete measures of airway wall area were performed in a total of 16 manually selected airways in the right and left upper and lower lobes using Airway Inspector (www.airwayinspector.org). From these measures, the square root of wall area of a 10-mm luminal perimeter (Pi10) was calculated. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between square root of wall area at Pi10 and pulmonary function measures. Paired t-test was used for within group comparisons. Analyses were performed with SAS v. 9.2. Measurements and Main Results: Within our cohort 89 cases of BOS were identified of which 37 patients had HRCT scans available for analysis. 33 patients had pulmonary function tests within 30 days of the HRCT (Table 1). Ten of the 37 BOS patients had a HRCT scan at or prior to transplantation and a HRCT scan available after the diagnosis of BOS. Square root of wall area at Pi10 correlated significantly with FEV1(r = 0.636, p<0.0001), RV/TLC (r = −0.736, p< 0.0001) (Fig. 1), and when adjusted for age, sex and total lung capacity, the correlations remained significant (p<0.0001). There was a significant decline in square root of wall area at Pi10 in BOS cases compared to pre-transplant CT scans (p<0.001) (Fig 2). Conclusions: On HRCT scan BOS is characterized by central airway dilation, the degree of which is correlated to decrements in lung function. Future studies will examine whether chest CT assessment of central airway dilation can be used as a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis and staging of BOS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nguyet, Nguyen T. M., Hoang H. Long, Nguyen B. Ngoc, Nguyen T. Nhai, Nguyen T. T. Thuy, Nagao Hayashi, and Yoshimichi Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Vietnam." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-1008-re.
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A total of 239 isolates of blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from northern and central Vietnam showed a wide variation in pathogenicity based on the reaction patterns to 25 differential varieties (DVs) harboring 23 resistance genes and susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH). The frequencies of isolates virulent toward DVs for Pish, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita were low, but they were high for DVs for Pib, Pit, Pia, Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t). Isolates were classified into three cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II based on reaction patterns to DVs and LTH. The frequencies of isolates virulent toward 11 DVs for Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9(t), Piz, Piz-5, Pita-2, and Pita in cluster II and DV for Piz-t were higher and lower than those of Ia and Ib, respectively. The frequencies to DVs for Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), and Piz-t were different between clusters Ia and Ib. Clusters Ia and Ib were distributed with similar frequencies in the northeast, north central, and south central coast regions, but the frequencies among three cluster groups in the Red River Delta and northwest regions were different. This means that the blast races in these two regions were different from the others. Overall, the blast isolates were categorized into 153 races. Among them, 26 were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates for characterizing 23 resistance genes and developing a differential system in Vietnam.
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Khan, M. A. I., M. A. Ali, M. A. Monsur, A. Kawasaki-Tanaka, N. Hayashi, S. Yanagihara, M. Obara, M. A. T. Mia, M. A. Latif, and Y. Fukuta. "Diversity and Distribution of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) Races in Bangladesh." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1486-re.
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The pathogenicity of 331 blast isolates (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) collected from different regions and ecosystems for rice cultivation in Bangladesh was evaluated by compatibility on 23 differential varieties (DV), each harboring a single blast resistance gene, and susceptible ‘Lijiangxintuanheigu’ (LTH). A wide variation in virulence was found among the isolates, and 267 races were classified using a new designation system. Virulence of blast isolates against DV carrying the resistance genes Pia, Pib, Pit, Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi12(t), Pi19(t), and Pi20(t), as well as avirulence against those carrying Pish, Pi9, Pita-2, and Pita, was distributed widely in Bangladesh. Cluster analysis of the compatibility data on the DV initially classified the isolates into groups I and II. The virulence spectra of the two groups differed mainly according to the reactions of the DV to Pii, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, and Pi7(t). Group I isolates were distributed mainly in rainfed lowlands, whereas group II isolates were found mainly in irrigated lowlands; however, there were no critical differences in geographic distribution of the blast isolates. In total, 26 isolates, which could be used to identify the 23 resistance genes of the DV on the basis of their reaction patterns, were selected as a set of standard differential blast isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first clear demonstration of the diversity and differentiation of blast races in Bangladesh. This information will be used to develop a durable blast protection system in that country.
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Xangsayasane, Phetmanyseng, Chanthakone Boualaphanh, Chay Bounphanousay, Viengphone Bounphanousay, Phatsalakone Manivong, Singty Voradeth, Phoumi Inthapanya, et al. "Genetic Variation of Rice Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) Isolates in Laos." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-05-20-0041-rs.
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The pathogenicity of 192 blast isolates collected from regions across the whole of Laos from 2007 to 2009 showed a wide variation in terms of the frequencies of virulence toward differential varieties (DVs) and the susceptible control cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu. High frequencies of virulence (>50%) were found in the reactions of DVs for Pit, Pia, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pik-s, Piz-t, Pi19(t), and Pi20(t); intermediate values (from 10 to 50%) were found in DVs for Pib, Pii, Pik-m, Pi1, Pik-h, Pik, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Piz-5, Pita (two lines), Pita-2 (two lines), and Pi12(t); and low frequencies (<10%) were found in DVs for Pish, Piz, and Pi9(t). The blast isolates were classified into three cluster groups: Ia and Ib (low virulence) and II (high virulence), based on the patterns of reaction to them. The blast isolates in cluster group Ia were dominant in rainfed lowland areas, those in Ib were dominant in irrigated lowland areas, and those in II were dominant in upland areas. Cluster groups Ia, Ib, and II were dominant in the Southern, Central, and Northern regions, respectively. Blast races in Laos were distributed according to ecosystems for rice cultivation and geographical regions from south to north with different virulence. These isolates were categorized into 156 races, and the numbers of blast isolates were few in each race. A total of 15 representative isolates were selected from among them as standard differential blast isolates, to develop a differential system.
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Bartuski, Allison J., Yoshiro Kamachi, Charles Schick, Joan Overhauser, and Gary A. Silverman. "Cytoplasmic Antiproteinase 2 (PI8) and Bomapin (PI10) Map to the Serpin Cluster at 18q21.3." Genomics 43, no. 3 (August 1997): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4827.
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Galindo, L., P. Robledo, D. Guinart, E. J. Pérez, A. Cuenca-Royo, E. Menoyo, C. Fernandez, et al. "CB1-5-HT2A heteromers in schizophrenia patients: Human studies in pro-neurons of the olfactory epithelium." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1572.
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IntroductionDespite multiple clinical and preclinical studies investigating schizophrenia, the neurobiological basis of this disease is still unknown. The dysregulation of the serotonergic system, in particular the 5-HT2A receptor and the endocannabinoid system have been postulated as possible causes of schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of CB1-5-HT2A receptor heteromers in primary cultures of pro-neurons from the olfactory epithelium in schizophrenia patients and control subjects.MethodsWe recruited a group of 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, who were treated with atypical antipsychotics, were clinically stable and had an illness duration range from 1 up to 15 years. The patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia from the medical record and confirmed by the structured clinical interview for DSM disorders. The expression of CB1-5-HT2A receptor heteromers in primary cultures of pro-neurons from the olfactory epithelium was quantified using proximity ligation assays and confocal microscopy.ResultsOlfactory epithelium pro-neurons were viable and expressed the neuronal marker, III-β tubulin. We also established the presence and the functionality of CB1-5-HT2A receptor heteromers in these cells using the proximity ligation and cAMP activity assays, respectively. Heteromer expression was significantly increased in schizophrenia patients with respect to controls.ConclusionsThis highly innovative methodology will allow the noninvasive, low-cost study of new biomarkers for schizophrenia in a model closely related to the central nervous system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by grants from DIUE-Generalitat-de Catalunya (2014SGR 680), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/00210) and (PI10/01708) FIS-FEDER-Funds. LG is supported by the Instituto-de Salud Carlos III through a “Río Hortega” (CM14/00111).
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Budiarto, Agus, Gatot Ciptadi, Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri, and Zulvado Satria Putra Yuwono. "Tingkat Pemotongan Kambing Lokal Betina (PI0 – PI1) di Kluster Tph Swasta Kediri." TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtapro.2021.022.01.8.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kambing yang dipotong berdasarkan umur sapih dan bobot karkas. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 66 ekor kambing dengan umur kurang dari 1 tahun (PI0). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dengan melihat gigi seri (poel) untuk pendugaan umur dan penimbangan bobot hidup dan bobot karkas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat pemotongan kambing betina sebanyak 110 ekor atau 60%. Penyembelihan kambing pada umur PI0 adalah 49 atau 74%, PI1 adalah 17 atau 26%. Rata-rata bobot karkas kambing betina adalah PI0 7,32 ± 2,64 kg, PI1 8,74 ± 1,69 kg. Persentase karkas yang dihasilkan kambing betina berbagai umur rata-rata 47,01 ± 0,99 %. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kasus penyembelihan kambing di TPH Kabupaten Kediri berdasarkan jenis kelamin, kambing betina umur PI0 dan PI1 lebih banyak dibandingkan kambing jantan sebesar 95,66%. Pada kategori umur yang sama, rata-rata bobot karkas kambing betina lebih rendah satu persen dibandingkan bobot karkas rata-rata kambing jantan.
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Alard, Jeanne, Benoit Cudennec, Denise Boutillier, Véronique Peucelle, Amandine Descat, Raphaël Decoin, Sarah Kuylle, et al. "Multiple Selection Criteria for Probiotic Strains with High Potential for Obesity Management." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030713.
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Since alterations of the gut microbiota have been shown to play a major role in obesity, probiotics have attracted attention. Our aim was to identify probiotic candidates for the management of obesity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We evaluated in vitro the ability of 23 strains to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to enhance the secretion of satiety-promoting gut peptide in enteroendocrine cells. Following the in vitro screening, selected strains were further investigated in vivo, single, or as mixtures, using a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Strain Bifidobacterium longum PI10 administrated alone and the mixture of B. animalis subsp. lactis LA804 and Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 limited body weight gain and reduced obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. These protective effects were associated with changes in the hypothalamic gene expression of leptin and leptin receptor as well as with changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the profile of bile acids. This study provides crucial clues to identify new potential probiotics as effective therapeutic approaches in the management of obesity, while also providing some insights into their mechanisms of action.
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Braddick, L. M., D. M. Burrage, J. K. Cleal, D. E. Noakes, M. A. Hanson, and L. R. Green. "The lack of impact of peri-implantation or late gestation nutrient restriction on ovine fetal renal development and function." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2, no. 4 (May 27, 2011): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174411000237.
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Unbalanced nutrition during critical windows of development is implicated in determining the susceptibility to hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adult life, but the underlying mechanisms during fetal life have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effects of moderate nutritional restriction during critical windows in gestation on late gestation fetal sheep growth, cardiovascular and renal renin-angiotensin system function. Ewes were fed 100% nutrient requirements (control), or 40–50% nutrient requirements during the peri-implantation period (1–31 days gestation (dGA), PI40 and PI50), or 50% nutrient requirements in late gestation (104–127 dGA). At 125 ± 2 dGA, fetal cardiovascular and renal function were measured at baseline, and during frusemide, angiotensin II (Ang II), phenylephrine and hypoxia challenges. Maternal undernutrition had no effect on fetal biometry, kidney weight, nephron number, basal cardiovascular function or cardiovascular and renal responses to frusemide. Fetal blood pressure response to Ang II was blunted in PI50 (P< 0.05), but not in PI40 groups. There was no difference between groups in the cardiovascular or endocrine response to hypoxia. The lack of effect of moderate undernutrition within key developmental windows of fetal kidney development on fetal renal structure and function suggests that renal mechanisms do not underlie our previous observations of cardiovascular dysfunction in adulthood following early-life undernutrition.
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Aamli Gagnat, Ane, Miriam Gjerdevik, Frode Gallefoss, Harvey O. Coxson, Amund Gulsvik, and Per Bakke. "Incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer by amount of emphysema and airway wall thickness: a community-based cohort." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 5 (May 2017): 1601162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01162-2016.
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There is limited knowledge about the prognostic value of quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures of emphysema and airway wall thickness in cancer.The aim of this study was to investigate if using CT to quantitatively assess the amount of emphysema and airway wall thickness independently predicts the subsequent incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer.In the GenKOLS study of 2003–2005, 947 ever-smokers performed spirometry and underwent CT examination. The main predictors were the amount of emphysema measured by the percentage of low attenuation areas (%LAA) on CT and standardised measures of airway wall thickness (AWT-PI10). Cancer data from 2003–2013 were obtained from the Norwegian Cancer Register. The hazard ratio associated with emphysema and airway wall thickness was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression for cancer diagnoses.During 10 years of follow-up, non-pulmonary cancer was diagnosed in 11% of the subjects with LAA <3%, in 19% of subjects with LAA 3–10%, and in 17% of subjects with LAA ≥10%. Corresponding numbers for lung cancer were 2%, 3% and 11%, respectively. After adjustment, the baseline amount of emphysema remained a significant predictor of the incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer. Airway wall thickness did not predict cancer independently.This study offers a strong argument that emphysema is an independent risk factor for both non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer.
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Cutillas-Tolín, Ana, Evdochia Adoamnei, Eva M. Navarrete-Muñoz, Jesús Vioque, Miriam Moñino-García, Niels Jørgensen, Jorge E. Chavarro, Jaime Mendiola, and Alberto M. Torres-Cantero. "Adherence to diet quality indices in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones in young men." Human Reproduction 34, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 1866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez157.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is adherence to an a priori defined diet quality indices [Alternate Healthy Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED) or dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)] associated with semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in young men? SUMMARY ANSWER Greater adherence to the DASH diet is related to higher sperm counts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies assessing the relationship between dietary intake and male reproductive function have mainly been focused on specific nutrients, food groups or data-driven dietary patterns, but the evidence on a priori defined dietary indices is still scarce. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study of 209 male university students recruited from October 2010 to November 2011 in Murcia Region (Southern Spain). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Healthy young men aged 18–23 years were included in this study. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and three a priori-defined dietary indices (AHEI-2010, rMED and DASH) were calculated. Linear regression was used to analyze the relation between the three dietary indices and semen quality parameters and reproductive hormone levels accounting for potential confounders and covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found statistically significant positive associations between the DASH index and sperm concentration (P, trend = 0.04), total sperm count (P, trend = 0.04) and total motile sperm count (P, trend = 0.02). No associations were observed for other semen parameters or male reproductive hormones. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Even though we adjusted for several known and suspected confounders we cannot exclude the possibility of residual or unmeasured confounding or chance findings. Subjects were blinded to the study outcomes thus reducing the potential influence on their report of diet. Our sample size may be too small to rule out associations with other semen parameters or reproductive hormones. Causal inference is limited, as usual with all observational studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results suggest that greater adherence to the DASH may help improve sperm counts. This study was carried out on young men from the general population. However, results may differ among other populations (e.g. infertile men). Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings and extend these results to other populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Fundación Séneca, grants No 08808/PI/08 and No 19443/PI/14; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES), grants No PI10/00985 and No PI13/01237; and grant P30DK046200 from the National Institutes of Health. Authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Bobes, J. "Is it Feasible and Effective to Help Patients with Severe Mental Disorders to Quit Smoking?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S32—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.155.
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Despite the proven association between smoking and high rates of medical morbidity and reduced life expectancy in people with severe mental disorders (SMD), their smoking rates do not decline as they do in the general population. We carried out a non-randomized, open-label, prospective, 9-month follow-up multicentre trial to investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of a smoking cessation programme designed for the treatment of patients with SMD in the community under real-world clinical conditions. A total of 82 patients were enrolled. Short-term efficacy: The 12-week 7-day smoking cessation (self-reported cigarettes per day =0 and breath CO levels ≤9 ppm) prevalence was 49.3%, with no statistically significant differences between medications (transdermal nicotine patches 50.0% vs. varenicline 48.6%, chi-square =0.015, P = 1.000). Long-term efficacy: At weeks, 24 and 36, 41.3 and 37.3% of patients were abstinent, with no statistically significant differences between treatments. Safety and tolerability: No patients made suicide attempts or required hospitalization. There was no worsening of the scores on the psychometric scales. In both groups, patients significantly increased weight, without significant changes in vital signs or laboratory results, with the exception of significant decreases in ALP y LDL-cholesterol levels in the varenicline group. Patients under varenicline more frequently presented nausea/vomiting (P < 0.0005), patients under TNP experienced skin reactions more frequently (P = 0.002). Three patients under varenicline had elevated liver enzymes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that in real-world clinical settings it is feasible and safe to help patients with stabilized severe mental disorders to quit smoking.Disclosure of interestThis work was partly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI10/01758) and Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). The Health Services of the Principado de Asturias, Spain, donated part of the medication used in this study.
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Ibáñez, Mariam, Alexander Neef, Carmen Martínez-Losada, Esperanza Such, Desiree Company, Marta Llop, Josefina Serrano, et al. "Clonal Hematopoiesis Landscape in Patients with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia By Deep Sequencing." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.598.598.
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Abstract Purpose: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with progressive accumulation of genetic alterations in hematopoietic progenitors. Massive sequencing allows inference of the clonal architecture of hematologic malignancies, by determining the presence of subclones, their genetic composition and evolution. The objective of the present study was to determine the spectrum of mutations present at relapse and define the proportion of cellular clones and the genetic architecture of the evolution of patients with de novo AML. Methods: Paired samples (diagnostic/relapse) of 44 patients of the University Hospital La Fe with de novo AML and treated with consecutive PETHEMA schemes were studied. The samples were provided by the Biobanco La Fe. The median age was 59 years (range 17 - 89); 21M/13F; 17 patients with normal karyotype; 14 patients with FLT3-ITD positive and 9 with mutations in NPM1. Using an amplicon panel (Ampliseq, Life Technologies) for deep sequencing (10.000x) with an Ion Torrent Proton, the complete coding regions of the following genes were sequenced, BCOR, BRAF, CDKN2A, CEBPA, DNMT3A, ETV6, EZH2, GNAS, LUC7L2, NF1, PHF6, PTPN11, RAD21, RPS14, SF1, SF3A1, SMC3, SPARC, SRSF2, STAG2 and ZRSR2, as well as, the hotspot regions of ASXL1, MPL, NPM1, JAK2, KRAS, NRAS, TET2, U2AF1, KIT, IDH1, RUNX1, IDH2, SETBP1, TP53, WT1, CBL, SF3B1 and FLT3. Primary bioinformatic analysis was performed using an in-house protocol and variants were selected based on VAF ≥ 1%, its absence in the healthy population (UCSC Common SNPs; MAF < 0.01) and its putative effect on the protein. Results: At least one alteration was detected in 98% of patients, (n = 43). At a mean sequencing depth of 8967x, in total, 249 mutations were detected with an average of 3.3 mutations per patient and sample (range 0 - 8). Comparing the two time points, we noted that 45% of the mutations were present at both moments, with rather similar VAF values. However, 24% were acquired during progression while 31% went missing at the time of relapse. Regarding the mutated genes analyzed at diagnosis, in 8 of 44 patients one single gene clone was detected, in 26 two subclones and in 10 three or more subclones. In addition, two different patterns of clonal evolution were detected. In model 1 the dominant founder clone persisted at relapse (n = 32, 71%), occasionally acquiring new changes, either in the same clone (n = 5) or in a new subclone (n = 17). In model 2 the founder clone was displaced at relapse by new subclones (n = 12, 29%), probably due to selective pressure through competition between subclones or as a consequence of the chemotherapy. Furthermore, the clonal hematopoiesis models did not show an association with clinical variables or prognostic impact on OS or EFS (P = 0.317; P = 0.12, respectively). Conclusions: AML cells can acquire additional mutations at relapse. Some of those may contribute to the clonal selection responsible for disease progression. Two models of clonal evolution were observed: model 1, where the dominant founder clone persists during relapse, and, model 2, where the founder clone is displaced by new cell subclones, displaying, both models, a similar impact on outcome. Financed by the Spanish Foundation of Hematology (FEHH), PI12/01047, RD12/0036/0014, PIE13/00046, PI13/01640, PI13/02837, PT13/0010/0026, PI14/01649, ACOMP2015/0335 and PROMETEOII/2015/study/025. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Singhmar, Pooja, Ronnie The Phong Trinh, Jiacheng Ma, XiaoJiao Huo, Bo Peng, Cobi J. Heijnen, and Annemieke Kavelaars. "The fibroblast-derived protein PI16 controls neuropathic pain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 10 (February 20, 2020): 5463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913444117.
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Chronic pain is a major clinical problem of which the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we describe the concept that PI16, a protein of unknown function mainly produced by fibroblasts, controls neuropathic pain. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain increases PI16 protein levels in fibroblasts in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) meninges and in the epi/perineurium of the sciatic nerve. We did not detect PI16 expression in neurons or glia in spinal cord, DRG, and nerve. Mice deficient in PI16 are protected against neuropathic pain. In vitro, PI16 promotes transendothelial leukocyte migration. In vivo, Pi16−/− mice show reduced endothelial barrier permeability, lower leukocyte infiltration and reduced activation of the endothelial barrier regulator MLCK, and reduced phosphorylation of its substrate MLC2 in response to SNI. In summary, our findings support a model in which PI16 promotes neuropathic pain by mediating a cross-talk between fibroblasts and the endothelial barrier leading to barrier opening, cellular influx, and increased pain. Its key role in neuropathic pain and its limited cellular and tissue distribution makes PI16 an attractive target for pain management.
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Shah, Punit, Sophie Sowden, Anne Gaule, Caroline Catmur, and Geoffrey Bird. "The 20 item prosopagnosia index (PI20): relationship with the Glasgow face-matching test." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 11 (November 2015): 150305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150305.
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The 20 item prosopagnosia index (PI20) was recently developed to identify individuals with developmental prosopagnosia. While the PI20’s principal purpose is to aid researchers and clinicians, it was suggested that it may serve as a useful screening tool to identify people with face recognition difficulties in applied settings where face matching is a critical part of their occupation. Although the PI20 has been validated using behavioural measures of face recognition , it has yet to be validated against a measure of face- matching ability that is more representative of applied settings. In this study, the PI20 was therefore administered with the Glasgow face-matching test (GFMT). A strong correlation was observed between PI20 and GFMT scores, providing further validation for the PI20, indicating that it is likely to be of value in applied settings.
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Štĕpánková, Šárka, Karel Komers, Alena Komersová, Markéta Masopustová, and Alexander Čegan. "Inhibition of Cholinesterase by Dialkylcarbamates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2007): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-3-423.
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Abstract The pI50 index and separation coefficients of chosen 3-N,N-diethylaminophenyl-N′,N′-dialkylcarbamates were determined. Index pI50 (pI50 = negative logarithm of molar concentration of inhibitor inhibiting the enzyme activity by 50%) describes the effectiveness of the inhibitor. The rate of ability of the inhibitor to pass the blood-brain barrier is usually described by the separation coefficient in a system n-octanol/water (Kow). Obtained results were compared with pI50 and Kow of Exelon®, the commercially used drug against the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Alias, Norsyuhada, Mu’adz Ahmad Mazian, Abu Bakar Salleh, Mahiran Basri, and Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman. "Molecular Cloning and Optimization for High Level Expression of Cold-Adapted Serine Protease from Antarctic Yeast Glaciozyma antarctica PI12." Enzyme Research 2014 (June 30, 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/197938.
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Psychrophilic basidiomycete yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica strain PI12, was shown to be a protease-producer. Isolation of the PI12 protease gene from genomic and mRNA sequences allowed determination of 19 exons and 18 introns. Full-length cDNA of PI12 protease gene was amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2892 bp, coded for 963 amino acids. PI12 protease showed low homology with the subtilisin-like protease from fungus Rhodosporidium toruloides (42% identity) and no homology to other psychrophilic proteases. The gene encoding mature PI12 protease was cloned into Pichia pastoris expression vector, pPIC9, and positioned under the induction of methanol-alcohol oxidase (AOX) promoter. The recombinant PI12 protease was efficiently secreted into the culture medium driven by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor signal sequence. The highest protease production (28.3 U/ml) was obtained from P. pastoris GS115 host (GpPro2) at 20°C after 72 hours of postinduction time with 0.5% (v/v) of methanol inducer. The expressed protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and activity staining with a molecular weight of 99 kDa.
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Lin, S., X. Gu, F. Wang, and W. Tan. "POS0002 PI16 REPRESSES FOXP3 EXPRESSION IN T REGULATORY CELLS AND EXACERBATES AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS VIA INHIBITING THE K48-LINKED POLYUBIQUITIN DEGRADATION OF BMI-1." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 203.2–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2756.
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Background:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Abnormalities in the quantity or function of Treg cells are believed in RA patients, contributing to the inability to suppress autoimmunity and proinflammatory cytokines. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is a crucial transcription factor for the development and differentiation of Tregs. How Tregs lose Foxp3 expression under inflammatory milieu remains largely unknown. Peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) is a member of the CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1) protein family and its function are largely poor understood. In a genome-wide expression profiling study for identifying human Foxp3 target genes revealed PI16 was expressed on the cell surface of >80% of resting human CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs. In the inflamed joint of juvenile idiopathic arthritis revealed a low number of PI16+ Tregs but high number of Th17 cells. However, little is known the function role of PI16 on Tregs or on RA development.Objectives:To investigate the role of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) on the key T regulatory (Tregs) cells transcription factor Foxp3 expression and on the development of autoimmune arthritis.Methods:The expression of PI16 in blood, synovial fluid, inflamed joints were examined in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and in arthritic mice. Arthritis symptom, histological features and Foxp3 expression in PI16 transgenic (PI16Tg) arthritic mice were examined. Posttranslational mechanisms on PI16-mediated Foxp3 expression were analyzed. The specific role PI16 on Foxp3 expression was validated in conditional knockout (KO) mice.Results:The expression of PI16 was significantly increased in PBMC, serum, synovial tissue from RA patients or arthritic mice compared with controls. PI16Tg arthritic mice exhibited obvious inflammation, synovial hyperplasia and articular cartilage destruction in the joints compared with those in wild-type mice (WT) arthritic mice.Foxp3 is downregulated in splenic T cells and synovial tissue from PI16Tg arthritic mice. Naïve T cells derived from PI16Tg arthritic mice showed the decreased capacity to differentiate into Tregs. Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins complex molecule of Bmi-1 was significant increase in Tregs and joint tissue from PI16Tg arthritic mice. A direct interaction between 1-95AA domains of PI16 and 169 and 436 domains of Bmi-1 in Tregs promoter was observed. The binding of PI16 with Bmi-1 in the Foxp3 promoter inhibit the K48-linked polyubiquitin degradation of Bmi-1 at lysine site 72 and 153 region, which prompts the repressive histone modification of H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub, and inhibits the active histone modification of H3K4me3. Furthermore, conditional knockout of PI16 in Tregs retarded Foxp3 loss and blunted disease progression in experimental arthritis.Conclusion:PI16 represses Foxp3 expression by mediating histone modification via inhibiting K48-linked polyubiquitin degradation of Bmi-1 in Foxp3 promoter, contributing to disease progression in arthritic mice.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Feshchenko, Bohdan. "Deformations of smooth functions on 2-torus." Proceedings of the International Geometry Center 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/tmgc.v12i3.1528.
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Let $f$ be a Morse function on a smooth compact surface $M$ and $\mathcal{S}'(f)$ be the group of $f$-preserving diffeomorphisms of $M$ which are isotopic to the identity map. Let also $G(f)$ be a group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph of $f$ induced by elements from $\mathcal{S}'(f)$, and $\Delta'$ be the subgroup of $\mathcal{S}'(f)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms which trivially act on the graph of $f$ and are isotopic to the identity map. The group $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$ can be viewed as an analogue of a mapping class group for $f$-preserved diffeomorphisms of $M$. The groups $\pi_0\Delta'(f)$ and $G(f)$ encode ``combinatorially trivial'' and ``combinatorially nontrivial'' counterparts of $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$ respectively. In the paper we compute groups $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$, $G(f)$, and $\pi_0\Delta'(f)$ for Morse functions on $2$-torus $T^2$.
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MOUHAT, Stéphanie, Amor MOSBAH, Violeta VISAN, Heike WULFF, Muriel DELEPIERRE, Hervé DARBON, Stephan GRISSMER, Michel De WAARD, and Jean-Marc SABATIER. "The functional dyad of scorpion toxin Pi1 is not itself a prerequisite for toxin binding to the voltage-gated Kv1.2 potassium channels." Biochemical Journal 377, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20030115.
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Pi1 is a 35-residue scorpion toxin cross-linked by four disulphide bridges that acts potently on both small-conductance Ca2+-activated (SK) and voltage-gated (Kv) K+ channel subtypes. Two approaches were used to investigate the relative contribution of the Pi1 functional dyad (Tyr-33 and Lys-24) to the toxin action: (i) the chemical synthesis of a [A24,A33]-Pi1 analogue, lacking the functional dyad, and (ii) the production of a Pi1 analogue that is phosphorylated on Tyr-33 (P-Pi1). According to molecular modelling, this phosphorylation is expected to selectively impact the two amino acid residues belonging to the functional dyad without altering the nature and three-dimensional positioning of other residues. P-Pi1 was directly produced by peptide synthesis to rule out any possibility of trace contamination by the unphosphorylated product. Both Pi1 analogues were compared with synthetic Pi1 for bioactivity. In vivo, [A24,A33]-Pi1 and P-Pi1 are lethal by intracerebroventricular injection in mice (LD50 values of 100 and 40 µg/mouse, respectively). In vitro, [A24,A33]-Pi1 and P-Pi1 compete with 125I-apamin for binding to SK channels of rat brain synaptosomes (IC50 values of 30 and 10 nM, respectively) and block rat voltage-gated Kv1.2 channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes (IC50 values of 22 µM and 75 nM, respectively), whereas they are inactive on Kv1.1 or Kv1.3 channels at micromolar concentrations. Therefore, although both analogues are less active than Pi1 both in vivo and in vitro, the integrity of the Pi1 functional dyad does not appear to be a prerequisite for the recognition and binding of the toxin to the Kv1.2 channels, thereby highlighting the crucial role of other toxin residues with regard to Pi1 action on these channels. The computed simulations detailing the docking of Pi1 peptides on to the Kv1.2 channels support an unexpected key role of specific basic amino acid residues, which form a basic ring (Arg-5, Arg-12, Arg-28 and Lys-31 residues), in toxin binding.
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Ribera, Josep-Maria, Olga Garcia, Pascual Fernandez, Pau Montesinos, Salut Brunet, Maria del Pilar Martinez, Esperanza Lavilla, et al. "Different Prognosis According to Subtype-Oriented Protocols in Elderly Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Comparison of Three Prospective Parallel Trials from the Pethema Group." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3869.3869.
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Abstract Background and objective ALL in elderly patients is associated with poor prognosis and many patients are not included in therapeutic trials. Consequently, the results of subtype-oriented protocols in elderly ALL are poorly known. We present the results of three prospective parallel subtype-oriented protocols from the Spanish PETHEMA group in ALL patients older than 55 years. Patients and Methods In 2008 three prospective phase II trials for ALL patients older than 55 yr with the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≤3 were activated: ALLOld07 (Ph-negative patients, NCT01366898, n=54), ALLOPh07 (Ph-positive patients, NCT01376427, n=48) and BURKIMAB08 (mature B-ALL, NCT00388193, n=18). The ALL0ld07 protocol included moderate-dose induction chemotherapy without genotoxic drugs, followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy for 2 years (Gökbuget et al, ASH 2008), the ALL OPh07 included imatinib and dexamethasone for induction followed by maintenance therapy with mercaptopurine and methotrexate and imatinib for 2 years, followed by imatinib for one additional year (Ribera et al, Br J Haematol 2012; 159: 485-488), and the BURKIMAB08 protocol included specific therapy for Burkitt’s lymphoma/leukemia together with rituximab (Ribera et al, Cancer 2013; 119:1660-8). The main outcomes (early death [ED], complete remission [CR], remission duration [RD] and overall survival [OS]) and toxicity (CTCAE v4.0) were compared. Results 40, 45 and 16 patients from ALLOld07, ALLOPh07 and BURKIMAB08, respectively, were evaluable for this study. Patients with mature B-ALL were more frequently male, with poorer general status, higher frequency of bulky disease and higher LDH serum levels, whereas no significant differences were observed on comparison of ALLOld07 and ALLOPh07 patients. The comparison of the main outcomes of the three trials is shown in Table 1. By multivariate analyses for RD the protocol and WBC count were identified as prognostic factors (BURKIMAB08 was considered as reference category), with HR [95%CI] of 6.8 [0.9-52.1], p=0.064, when compared with ALL Old07 and 3.1 [0.4-24.8], p=0.278 when compared with ALL OPh07, global p value=0.042, and HR [95%CI]: 1.004 [1-1.009], p=0.058 for the WBC count, respectively. The ECOG score was the only variable influencing OS (HR [95%CI]: 0.4 [0.2;0.8], p=0.003). Hematological toxicity in induction and consolidation as well as infections were significantly less frequent in ALLOPh07 than in other two trials, whereas renal toxicity was more frequent in BURKIMAB08. Conclusion Risk-adapted therapy in elderly patients with ALL was feasible and produced significantly different results in terms of CR duration, being the best for mature B-ALL and the poorest for Ph-negative ALL. Supported by the grants PI10/01417 from FIS and RD12-0036-0029 from Instituto Carlos III Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gibbs, Gerard M., Kim Roelants, and Moira K. O'Bryan. "The CAP Superfamily: Cysteine-Rich Secretory Proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-Related 1 Proteins—Roles in Reproduction, Cancer, and Immune Defense." Endocrine Reviews 29, no. 7 (December 1, 2008): 865–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0032.
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Abstract The cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP) superfamily members are found in a remarkable range of organisms spanning each of the animal kingdoms. Within humans and mice, there are 31 and 33 individual family members, respectively, and although many are poorly characterized, the majority show a notable expression bias to the reproductive tract and immune tissues or are deregulated in cancers. CAP superfamily proteins are most often secreted and have an extracellular endocrine or paracrine function and are involved in processes including the regulation of extracellular matrix and branching morphogenesis, potentially as either proteases or protease inhibitors; in ion channel regulation in fertility; as tumor suppressor or prooncogenic genes in tissues including the prostate; and in cell-cell adhesion during fertilization. This review describes mammalian CAP superfamily gene expression profiles, phylogenetic relationships, protein structural properties, and biological functions, and it draws into focus their potential role in health and disease. The nine subfamilies of the mammalian CAP superfamily include: the human glioma pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1), Golgi associated pathogenesis related-1 (GAPR1) proteins, peptidase inhibitor 15 (PI15), peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), CRISP LCCL domain containing 1 (CRISPLD1), CRISP LCCL domain containing 2 (CRISPLD2), mannose receptor like and the R3H domain containing like proteins. We conclude that overall protein structural conservation within the CAP superfamily results in fundamentally similar functions for the CAP domain in all members, yet the diversity outside of this core region dramatically alters target specificity and, therefore, the biological consequences.
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Liu, Dan, Yaxin Zhao, Zhuqing Yan, Zhidong Zhang, Yanjun Zhang, Peng Shi, and Chenyang Xue. "Screen-Printed Flexible Thermoelectric Device Based on Hybrid Silver Selenide/PVP Composite Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082042.
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In recent years, the preparation of flexible thermoelectric generators by screen printing has attracted wide attention due to easy processing and high-volume production. In this work, we propose an n-type Ag2Se/polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film based on screen printing and investigate the effect of PVP on thermoelectric performance by varying the ratio of PVP. When the content ratio of Ag2Se to PVP is 30:1, i.e., PI30, the fabricated PI30 film has the best thermoelectric property. The maximum power factor (PF) of the PI30 is 4.3 μW·m−1·K−2, and conductivity reaches 81% of its initial value at 1500 bending cycles. Then, the film thermoelectric generator (F-TEG) fabricated by PI30 is tested for practical application; the output voltage and the maximum output power are 21.6 mV and 233.3 nW at the temperature difference of 40 K, respectively. This work demonstrates that the use of PVP combined with screen printing to prepare F-TEG is a simple and rapid method, which provides an efficient preparation solution for the development of environmentally friendly and wearable flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Zdražilová, Pavla, Šárka Štĕpánková, Karel Komers, Karel Ventura, and Alexander Čegan. "Half-inhibition Concentrations of New Cholinesterase Inhibitors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2004): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-3-430.
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The power of chosen carbamates and hydrazinium derivatives (carbazates) to inhibit the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by butyrylcholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase was tested. The determined pI50 values (= negative logarithm of the molar concentration inhibiting the enzyme activity by 50%) of the tested substances were compared with pI50 values of the commercially used drugs for the Alzheimer’s disease treatment - rivastigmine and galanthamine.
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Funaoka, Masamitsu. "A new type of phenolic lignin-based network polymer with the structure-variable function composed of 1,1-diarylpropane units." Polymer International 47, no. 3 (November 1998): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199811)47:3<277::aid-pi10>3.0.co;2-p.
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Chen, De-jian, and Da-peng Li. "A Potential miRNA-mRNA Network for Dementia and Hernia Crosstalk." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4324068.
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Background. It has been reported that there may be a potential link between hernia and dementia. However, the exact mechanisms of their association have not been established. This study is aimed at constructing miRNA-mRNA networks to elucidate on the potential link between dementia and hernia. Methods. Gene expression profiles for dementia, herniation, and skeletal muscle were downloaded from the GEO database after which differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained. In addition, fascia tissue samples were obtained during surgery. A total of 41 patients were recruited in this study, and expression levels of candidate genes were examined using quantitative RT-PCR. Luciferase reporter gene assays were used to identify potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways. Results. Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were screened. A potential miRNA-mRNA network revealing the crosstalk mechanism between herniation and dementia was identified. Single cell analysis revealed that PI16 was highly enriched in adipose tissues, skeletal muscles, and in the skin. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that PI16 is involved in adipose metabolism, muscle functions, and energy metabolism. In clinical samples, PI16 was found to be upregulated in hernia, while miR-4451 was found to be downregulated. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that downregulation of circulating miR-4451 may be responsible for the upregulated PI16 expression in hernia sacs. Conclusions. We constructed an miRNA-mRNA network that shows the potential association between dementia and hernia. We also found that miR-4451 regulates the PI16 expression, which may be a key target and biomarker for hernia pathogenesis and dementia crosstalk.
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Dierickx, Paul J., and Björn Ekwall. "Long-term Cytotoxicity Testing of the First Twenty MEIC Chemicals by the Determination of the Protein Content in Human Embryonic Lung Cells." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 20, no. 2 (April 1992): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299202000220.
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Within the framework of the MEIC (the multicentre evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity) programme, the long-term cytotoxicity of the first twenty MEIC chemicals was investigated on MRC-5 cells. After treatment of the cells with each chemical for six weeks, the PI50 value was determined. The PI50 is the concentration (mM) of test compound required to induce a 50% reduction in total cell protein content. The results were compared with the acute PI50 values previously measured after treatment for 24 hours with the same compounds in Hep G2 cells. A good correlation between these two sets of data (r2 = 0.94) was observed, with the exception of digoxin. Together with other preliminary MEIC validation results, this study indicates that a good alternative cytotoxicity test may be found for the prediction of human long-term toxicity.
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Shah, Punit, Anne Gaule, Sophie Sowden, Geoffrey Bird, and Richard Cook. "The 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20): a self-report instrument for identifying developmental prosopagnosia." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (June 2015): 140343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140343.
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Self-report plays a key role in the identification of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), providing complementary evidence to computer-based tests of face recognition ability, aiding interpretation of scores. However, the lack of standardized self-report instruments has contributed to heterogeneous reporting standards for self-report evidence in DP research. The lack of standardization prevents comparison across samples and limits investigation of the relationship between objective tests of face processing and self-report measures. To address these issues, this paper introduces the PI20; a 20-item self-report measure for quantifying prosopagnosic traits. The new instrument successfully distinguishes suspected prosopagnosics from typically developed adults. Strong correlations were also observed between PI20 scores and performance on objective tests of familiar and unfamiliar face recognition ability, confirming that people have the necessary insight into their own face recognition ability required by a self-report instrument. Importantly, PI20 scores did not correlate with recognition of non-face objects, indicating that the instrument measures face recognition, and not a general perceptual impairment. These results suggest that the PI20 can play a valuable role in identifying DP. A freely available self-report instrument will permit more effective description of self-report diagnostic evidence, thereby facilitating greater comparison of prosopagnosic samples, and more reliable classification.
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Nimmagadda, Suresh, Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan, and Joy M. Richman. "PI15 modulates patterning of avian face." Developmental Biology 331, no. 2 (July 2009): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.158.
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Supriyantono, A., Luqman Hakim, Suyadi Suyadi, and Ismudiono Ismudiono. "PERFORMANSI SAPI BALI PADA TIGA DAERAH DI PROVINSI BALI." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.13.2.20089.
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The aim of the research was to know qualitative and quantitative traits of Bali cattle at three different areas geographically (lowland, midland and highland) at Bali province whether there are deviations or not. Variation in coat colour and some description about phenotypic Bali cattle are the main aspect for qualitative trait whereas body weight, some statistical vital (height at hip, body lenght, heart girth) and reproduction traits (mating system, origin of sire, condition of physiology, service per conception, calving interval and days open) of Bali cattle are the main aspect for quantitative trait. Sample of Bali cattle was taken in Tabanan (midland), Pulukan (lowland) and Karang Asem (highland) area about 2 percent of the total population. Each trait was measured at different age group. The age for each cattle was based on permanent incicy (PI) wich divided into 5 PI (PI0, PI1, PI2, PI3, PI4). The qualitative traits were found by direct observation at the field together with measurement of quantitative traits, body weight and some statistical vital. The result showed that in general Bali cattle are sexually dimorphic spesies, with bull being dark chestnut brown and cow and juveniles reddish brown. Both sexes have white rump patches and leggings. Both sexes carry horns, although they are much heavier and larger in the males.Quantitatively, bali cattle in Pulukan are much smaller than any other area followed in lack reproduction traits.
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Foong, Pik Mun, Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban, Yahaya M. Normi, Abu Bakar Salleh, and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman. "Bioinformatics survey of the metal usage by psychrophilic yeast Glaciozyma antarctica PI12." Metallomics 7, no. 1 (2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00163j.
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Asami, Tadao, Nobutaka Takahashi, and Shigeo Yoshida. "Conjugated Enamino Compounds, a New Molecular Probe for the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Electron Transport." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1986): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-7-815.
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Abstract A series of 2-(1-alkylamino)vinylidene-1,3-cyclohexanedione was synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of the Hill reaction in isolated chloroplasts. The pI50 value of this series was dramatically changed by modification of the peripheral of its hydrophilic moiety and the maximum pI50 value of this series was almost equal to that of DCMU . The results suggest that this series may be a good probe for searching the environment of inhibitors binding site because of its chemical and biological characteristics and its ease of synthesis.
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Gray, Katie L. H., Geoffrey Bird, and Richard Cook. "Robust associations between the 20-item prosopagnosia index and the Cambridge Face Memory Test in the general population." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 3 (March 2017): 160923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160923.
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Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by lifelong face recognition deficits. Leading research groups diagnose the condition using complementary computer-based tasks and self-report measures. In an attempt to standardize the reporting of self-report evidence, we recently developed the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), a short questionnaire measure of prosopagnosic traits suitable for screening adult samples for DP. Strong correlations between scores on the PI20 and performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) appeared to confirm that individuals possess sufficient insight into their face recognition ability to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits. However, the extent to which people have insight into their face recognition abilities remains contentious. A lingering concern is that feedback from formal testing, received prior to administration of the PI20, may have augmented the self-insight of some respondents in the original validation study. To determine whether the significant correlation with the CFMT was an artefact of previously delivered feedback, we sought to replicate the validation study in individuals with no history of formal testing. We report highly significant correlations in two independent samples drawn from the general population, confirming: (i) that a significant relationship exists between PI20 scores and performance on the CFMT, and (ii) that this is not dependent on the inclusion of individuals who have previously received feedback. These findings support the view that people have sufficient insight into their face recognition abilities to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits.
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Hayashi, Nagao, Ikuo Ando, and Tokio Imbe. "Identification of a New Resistance Gene to a Chinese Blast Fungus Isolate in the Japanese Rice Cultivar Aichi Asahi." Phytopathology® 88, no. 8 (August 1998): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.822.
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Genetic analysis of the rice cultivar Aichi Asahi and some other Japanese cultivars for the high resistance to the blast fungus isolate CHNOS58-3-1 from China was performed. All the Japanese differential cultivars were resistant to the isolate except for ‘Pi No. 4’, which showed moderate resistance. Analysis of the F2 population of a cross of the susceptible cultivar Reiho and the resistant cultivar Aichi Asahi indicated that the resistance of ‘Aichi Asahi’ to the isolate was conferred by one dominant gene. To identify the gene in other Japanese differential cultivars, AK lines, which were derived from a cross of ‘Aichi Asahi’ × ‘K59’ and assumed to harbor no known genes except for the new one, were used for the allelism tests. The new, completely dominant resistance gene was detected in 14 differential cultivars, but not in ‘Pi No. 4’, ‘Yashiro-mochi’, and ‘K1’, and was designated as Pi19(t). Pi19(t) was allelic or closely linked to Pita2 on chromosome 12. Pi19(t) was extensively distributed among Japanese traditional local cultivars.
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Thomidis, T., and C. Tsipouridis. "Evaluation of BC Williams and PI1/6 pear cultivars for their compatibility with 49 quince genotypes and their susceptibility to fire blight: Short communicaton." Horticultural Science 33, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3757-hortsci.
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In this study, the compatibility of the pear cultivars PI1/6 and BC Williams with 49 quince genotypes was evaluated. The results showed that the cv. PI1/6 had a good compatibility with several of the quince genotypes, and the cv. BC Williams only with a few of them. Differences were also found in their susceptibility to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). The cultivar PI1/6 was very susceptible, while the cultivar BC Williams was relatively tolerant.
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GROSE, RANDALL H., DEBORAH J. MILLARD, CHRIS MAVRANGELOS, SIMON C. BARRY, HEDDY ZOLA, IAN C. NICHOLSON, WENG TARNG CHAM, CHRISTINA A. BOROS, and DOREEN KRUMBIEGEL. "Comparison of Blood and Synovial Fluid Th17 and Novel Peptidase Inhibitor 16 Treg Cell Subsets in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 10 (August 15, 2012): 2021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.111421.
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Objective.Early recognition and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can prevent joint damage and minimize side effects of medication. The balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms is known to be important in JIA, and we therefore investigated T cell subsets including Th cells, autoaggressive Th17 cells, and regulatory T cells (Treg), including a novel Treg subset in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with JIA.Methods.Fifty children with JIA were enrolled in our study. Frequency, phenotype, and function of T lymphocytes in PB and SF were characterized using flow cytometry. Migration capabilities of PB and SF cells were compared.Results.Synovial T cells showed different phenotype and function compared with PB T cells, with an increased proportion of memory T cells, expression of CCR4, CCR5, CXCR3, interleukin 23R, and an increased ratio of Th17 to Treg. Although Treg were increased in SF compared with the PB, we found a significant decrease in the numbers of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16)+ Treg in active joints compared with peripheral blood. Coexpression of CCR4 and CCR6 was reduced on PI16+ Treg in PB and SF of patients with JIA compared with healthy children, however the ability of these cells to migrate toward their ligands was unaffected.Conclusion.This is a comprehensive characterization of novel PI16+ Treg and Th17 cells in matched blood and synovial fluid samples of patients with JIA. Despite an increased number of Treg within the inflamed joint, lower numbers of PI16+ Treg but high numbers of Th17 cells might contribute to the inability to control disease.
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Ma, Ruimin, and Tengfei Luo. "PI1M: A Benchmark Database for Polymer Informatics." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 60, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 4684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00726.
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Earnshaw, SR, A. Richter, K. Hicks, and A. Honeycutt. "PIN10: THE ALLOCATION OF HIV PREVENTION FUNDS." Value in Health 6, no. 3 (May 2003): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)63987-3.
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Menni, Matías. "The construction of $\pi_0$ in Axiomatic Cohesion." Tbilisi Mathematical Journal 10, no. 3 (June 2017): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tmj-2017-0108.
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Young, M. A., Marc Lessard, and Mark Engebretson. "Pi1B propagation in the high-latitude ionosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 117, A3 (March 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011ja017127.
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Suh, J. P., J. H. Roh, Y. C. Cho, S. S. Han, Y. G. Kim, and K. K. Jena. "The Pi40 Gene for Durable Resistance to Rice Blast and Molecular Analysis of Pi40-Advanced Backcross Breeding Lines." Phytopathology® 99, no. 3 (March 2009): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-3-0243.
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Rice blast severely reduces production in both irrigated and water-stressed upland ecosystems of tropical and temperate countries. Nearly 50 blast resistance genes have been identified and some of those are incorporated into several rice cultivars. However, most of the resistance genes break down in a few years because of their race specificity and the rapid change in pathogenicity of the blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea). The objective of this study was to analyze advanced backcross breeding lines (ABL) possessing the gene Pi40 for durable rice blast resistance. In all, 4 resistant genotypes, 4 japonica cultivars, and 10 monogenic differential rice genotypes with some known resistance genes were bioassayed in the greenhouse using seven sequential plantings and 29 virulent M. grisea isolates of Korea. The genotypes with the Pi40 gene had <3% diseased leaf area, which was significantly below the disease threshold level of 40% considered for durable blast resistance. Moreover, the genotypes with the Pi40 gene expressed compatibility with only two to three virulent M. grisea isolates supporting durability of resistance, in contrast to susceptible cultivars with >50% diseased leaf area and 10 compatible isolates. Of the 10 known resistance genes tested, Piz-t, Piz-5, and Pi9 showed differential reactions to the pathogen isolates in seven plantings. Genotyping of the ABL with 260 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed rapid conversion toward recurrent parent genotypes with fewer donor chromosomal segments (5.3 to 14.5%). Our study based on a sequential testing and background selection of breeding lines with the resistance gene Pi40 provided valuable information for durable blast resistance breeding in rice.
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Cleal, J. K., M. R. Hargreaves, K. R. Poore, J. C. Y. Tang, W. D. Fraser, M. A. Hanson, and L. R. Green. "Reduced fetal vitamin D status by maternal undernutrition during discrete gestational windows in sheep." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2017): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417000149.
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Placental transport of vitamin D and other nutrients (e.g. amino acids, fats and glucose) to the fetus is sensitive to maternal and fetal nutritional cues. We studied the effect of maternal calorific restriction on fetal vitamin D status and the placental expression of genes for nutrient transport [aromatic T-type amino acid transporter-1 (TAT-1); triglyceride hydrolase/lipoprotein uptake facilitator lipoprotein lipase (LPL)] and vitamin D homeostasis [CYP27B1; vitamin D receptor (VDR)], and their association with markers of fetal cardiovascular function and skeletal muscle growth. Pregnant sheep received 100% total metabolizable energy (ME) requirements (control), 40% total ME requirements peri-implantation [PI40, 1–31 days of gestation (dGA)] or 50% total ME requirements in late gestation (L, 104–127 dGA). Fetal, but not maternal, plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) concentration was lower in PI40 and L maternal undernutrition groups (P<0.01) compared with the control group at 0.86 gestation. PI40 group placental CYP27B1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were increased (P<0.05) compared with the control group. Across all groups, higher fetal plasma 25OHD concentration was associated with higher skeletal muscle myofibre and capillary density (P<0.05). In the placenta, higher VDR mRNA levels were associated with higher TAT-1 (P<0.05) and LPL (P<0.01) mRNA levels. In the PI40 maternal undernutrition group only, reduced fetal plasma 25OHD concentration may be mediated in part by altered placental CYP27B1. The association between placental mRNA levels of VDR and nutrient transport genes suggests a way in which the placenta may integrate nutritional cues in the face of maternal dietary challenges and alter fetal physiology.
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Wu, Yunyu, Yu Chen, Cunhong Pan, Ning Xiao, Ling Yu, Yuhong Li, Xiaoxiang Zhang, et al. "Development and Evaluation of Near-Isogenic Lines with Different Blast Resistance Alleles at the Piz Locus in japonica Rice from the Lower Region of the Yangtze River, China." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-16-1855-re.
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Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens rice production in most of the rice-growing areas in China, especially in regions that have grown Oryza sativa subsp. japonica in recent years. The use of resistance genes is the most effective and economical approach for blast control. In our study, a set of six near-isogenic lines (NIL) were developed by introgression of six resistance alleles of the Piz locus (Pi2, Pigm, Pi40, Pi9, Piz, and Pizt) into a blast-susceptible, high-yielding, high-quality japonica ‘07GY31’ via marker-assisted backcross breeding. Artificial inoculation using 144 M. oryzae isolates collected from the lower region of the Yangtze River, China, revealed that most of the NIL, including NIL-Pi2, NIL-Pigm, NIL-Pi40, NIL-Pi9, and NIL-Pizt, exhibited broad-spectrum resistance against rice blast at the seedling stage, with resistance frequencies (RF) of 93.06 to 98.61%. NIL-Piz was an exception, with an RF of 21.53%, which was slightly higher than the recurrent parent 07GY31. NIL-Pi40 and NIL-Pigm had broad-spectrum resistance (RF of 93.33 and 71.67%, respectively) at the heading stage following inoculation of 60 isolates of M. oryzae. Field trials with artificial inoculation at the seedling and heading stage showed that NIL-Pigm and NIL-Pi40 were highly resistant in four locations under high disease pressure. NIL-Pizt showed effective resistance in three locations from Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces. This study shows that O. sativa subsp. japonica alleles of the Piz locus confer resistance to M. oryzae, and provides an effective method to enhance seedling and panicle blast resistance in rice plants in the lower region of the Yangtze River, China.
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Oettmeier, Walter, Ralf Dostatni, Christoph Majewski, Gerhard Höfle, Thomas Fecker, Brigitte Kunze, and Hans Reichenbach. "The Aurachins, Naturally Occurring Inhibitors of Photosvnthetic Electron Flow through Photosystem II and the Cytochrome b6/f-Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0503.
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A third group of antibiotics, the aurachins, have been isolated from the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca. The aurachins chemically are quinolones. and four of them (aurachins A-D) have been tested for their inhibitory activity in photosystem II and cytochrome b/c-complexes. Aurachin C is the best inhibitor in photosystem II (pI50-value 7.2); its biochemical behaviour being the same like that of other photosystem II herbicides. Both aurachins C and D are also excellent inhibitors in the cytochrome b6/f-complex (pI50-values of 7.00 and 7.49. respectively). In its mechanism of action, aurachin C resembl|es antimycin, whereas aurachin D is different from either antimycin or myxothiazol.