To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: PIAE.
Journal articles on the topic 'PIAE'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'PIAE.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Giorgianni, Andrea, Stefano Molinaro, Edoardo Agosti, Alberto Vito Terrana, Francesco Alberto Vizzari, Alberto Daniele Arosio, Giacomo Pietrobon, et al. "Twenty Years of Experience in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) Preoperative Endovascular Embolization: An Effective Procedure with a Low Complications Rate." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 3926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173926.
Full textAbstract:
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor of the nasal cavity that predominantly affects young boys. Surgical removal remains the gold standard for the management of this disease. Preoperative intra-arterial embolization (PIAE) is useful for reductions in intraoperative blood loss and surgical complications. In our series of 79 patients who underwent preoperative embolization from 1999 to 2020, demographics, procedural aspects, surgical management and follow-up outcome were analyzed. Embolization was performed in a similar fashion for all patients, with a superselective microcatheterization of external carotid artery (ECA) feeders and an injection of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, followed, in some cases, by the deployment of coils . Procedural success was reached in 100% of cases, with no complications such as bleeding or thromboembolic occlusion, and surgical intraoperative blood loss was significantly decreased. In conclusion, PIAE is a safe and effective technique in JNA treatment, minimizing intraoperative bleeding.
2
Falus, Orsolya. "Piae Causae Foundations, Waqfs, Trusts. Legal- Historical Interactions." Polgári szemle 16, no. 4-6 (2020): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24307/psz.2020.1027.
Full textAbstract:
The word “charity” originates from Old English and means “Christian love of one’s fellows.” The most popular Abrahamic religions all created their own forms of charity, which, however, resemble each other. The spirit of giving, whether of time, money or resources, becomes a focal point of activity during their holiday seasons. The paper aims to present the similarities, differences and potential legal and historical interactions between the Christian piae causae foundations, the Hebrew heqdesh and the Islamic waqf, on the one hand, and the specific Anglo-Saxon trust, on the other. The study also commemorates the Institute of Islamic Research, which operated successfully at the University of Kaposvár between 2013 and 2018.
3
Shaham, Ron. "Christian and Jewish Waqf in Palestine during the late Ottoman period." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, no. 3 (October 1991): 460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00000823.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with Palestinian Christians and Jews who availed themselves of the Muslim pious endowment institution (waqf, pi. awqāf) during the late Ottoman period. In Judaism and Christianity we find pious endowment institutions: the Jewish ‘Hekdesh’ and the Christian ‘Piae Causae’. In both religions there exists an ancient tradition of endowments for purposes which are quite similar to those of the waqf. In spite of this, Christians and Jews in Muslim territories availed themselves of the waqf from the Middle Ages until the end of the Ottoman state. This is an example of the use by minorities of the majority's legal system.
4
Potočnjak, Saša. "Prvotisak Elegije Frana Krste Frankopana iz 1656. godine (Querimoniae piae, Macerata, 1656.)." Fluminensia 30, no. 2 (2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.30.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
U popularizaciji je kulta crne Madone Trsatske odnosno Loretske bila ključna uloga feudalnih gospodara Frankopana. Njezino je štovanje osobiti izraz zadobilo u 17. st. u Elegiji Frana II. Krste Frankopana Tržačkoga, kojega su na naslovnici II. latinsko-talijanskoga izdanja Divoto pianto (Loreto, 1794) priređivači titulirali grofom Trsatskim (Perpetuo Conte di Tersatto), a kako bi se istaknula veza između roda Frankopana i Trsatskoga svetišta. Osobiti je prilog radu potvrda o postojanju sačuvanoga primjerka prvoga izdanja Elegije: Franciscus Christophorus comes de Frangipanibus, Querimoniae piae (Macerata, 1656), koja je dosad bila poznata jedino prema prijepisu i prijevodu tiskanom u 18. stoljeću. Postojanje prvotiska moguće jedina Frankopanova za života tiskanoga djela potvrđeno je 2018. godine u Italiji (Recanati, Biblioteca diocesana p. C. Benedettucci; Perugia, Biblioteca Comunale Augusta).
5
Braga, Maria Luiza de Assumpção, and Sueli Lucia Remane Krieck. "O CONVÊNIO DO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL ARTE NA ESCOLA: POLO FURB E SUA ATUAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE INDAIAL." Linguagens - Revista de Letras, Artes e Comunicação 10, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1981-9943.2016v10n3p564-577.
Full textAbstract:
Este artigo aborda fatores que contribuem para o desempenho das instituições do ensino básico de forma breve e com ênfase na formação continuada ofertada na rede municipal de Indaial/SC através do convênio com o Programa Institucional Arte na Escola / PIAE – Polo FURB para professores da educação infantil e ensino fundamental. Descreve em especial o caminho percorrido por esses profissionais diante do desafio de serem repassadores nas instituições em que trabalham e compartilharem suas experiências durante os seminários de relatos de experiências em arte. Considerados elementos centrais para o aperfeiçoamento e inovação, são apresentados resultados das experiências que envolveram o exercício da avaliação dos encontros e registro das práticas durante o percurso formativo.
6
Fuhrmann, Ivana Vitória Deeke. "EXPRESSÃO E MOVIMENTO & CONTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NO VALE DO ITAJAÍ/SC." Linguagens - Revista de Letras, Artes e Comunicação 10, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1981-9943.2016v10n3p534-547.
Full textAbstract:
O estudo apresenta como objetivo efetuar um trabalho de mediação cênica a fim de garantir a qualificação de processos de ensino e aprendizagem em artes cênicas por meio de oficinas de jogos teatrais, dança e movimento, ofertadas aos professores de Educação Infantil e Básica vinculados às Secretarias de Educação conveniadas com o Programa Institucional Arte na Escola (PIAE), polo FURB- Blumenau/SC. Assim sendo, o locus de investigação foi o projeto de extensão universitária “O jogo teatral na escola”, vinculado ao PIAE. O referido projeto iniciou em 2011 e oferece formação continuada. O artigo traz à cena a trajetória percorrida e resultados alcançados entre 2011 e 2016 onde foram oferecidas oficinas de jogos teatrais, identidade corporal, percussão corporal, movimento e ritmo e contação de histórias. Como recorte principal, encontram-se depoimentos dos professores de Educação Infantil e Básica que participaram das oficinas em 2016/1 intitulada “Movimento e Expressividade na Contação de Histórias”. Tal atividade atingiu público direto de 82 professores de Indaial e Jaraguá do Sul e um público indireto de 4.723 composto pelos alunos dos professores que cursaram as oficinas. Foram trabalhados os benefícios do movimento na qualidade de vida de professores e alunos, o gesto cênico, criação e elaboração de cenas na contação de histórias, exercícios de ação e reação. Tais dinâmicas possibilitam a democratização da cultura e viabilizam o acesso a bens simbólicos, bem como, proporcionam ampliar o conhecimento da linguagem cênica de professores e alunos. Os instrumentos de avaliação das ações do projeto foram efetuados através de protocolos, relatórios lúdicos, depoimentos orais e escritos, bem como, descrição de sensações. A avaliação investiga o alcance dos objetivos e de que maneira as atividades pedagógicas realizadas podem refletir na prática docente do participante. Amparados no referencial teórico de Spolin, Bourdieu e Marques os dados indicam a ampliação do repertório artístico/cultural, estimulo à interdisciplinaridade desenvolvendo um maior conhecimento corporal e do espaço cênico que por sua vez reflete positivamente na práxis pedagógica do professor.
7
Romano, Olívia Camboim, and Ivana Vitória Deeke Fuhrmann. "MOVIMENTO E RITMO & JOGOS TEATRAIS NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NO VALE DO ITAJAÍ/SC." O Teatro Transcende 20, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/2236-6644.2015v20n1p53-73.
Full textAbstract:
O estudo sobre a formação continuada de professores no Vale do Itajaí/SC é a temática central da presente pesquisa. O locus de investigação foi o projeto de extensão universitária “O jogo teatral na escola”, vinculado ao Programa Institucional Arte na Escola (PIAE), polo FURB - Blumenau/SC. O referido projeto iniciou em 2011 e atualmente está em sua terceira edição. O artigo traz a cena a trajetória percorrida e resultados alcançados entre 2011 e 2015 onde foram oferecidas oficinas de jogos teatrais, identidade corporal, percussão corporal, movimento e ritmo. Em foco encontram-se depoimentos das professoras de Educação Infantil sobre as oficinas de Movimento e Ritmo desenvolvidas em 2015. Amparadas no referencial teórico de Spolin, Bourdieu e Marques os dados indicam a ampliação do repertório artístico e cultural das participantes com acesso as oficinas.
8
Oliveira de Lima, Vanessa Cristina, Richele Janaína de Araújo Machado, Norberto Kássio Vieira Monteiro, Ibson Lucas de Lyra, Christina da Silva Camillo, Alexandre Coelho Serquiz, Adeliana Silva de Oliveira, et al. "Gastroprotective and antielastase effects of protein inhibitors from Erythrina velutina seeds in an experimental ulcer model." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 95, no. 2 (April 2017): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0034.
Full textAbstract:
Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from Erythrina velutina seeds have been previously isolated by our group. In previous studies using a sepsis model, we demonstrated the antitumor and anti-inflammatory action of these compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antielastase effects of protein inhibitors from E. velutina seeds in an experimental stress-induced ulcer model. Two protein isolates from E. velutina seeds, with antitrypsin (PIAT) and antichymotrypsin (PIAQ) activities, were tested. Both protein isolates showed a high affinity and inhibitory effect against human neutrophil elastase, with 84% and 85% inhibition, respectively. Gastric ulcer was induced using ethanol (99%) in 6 groups of animals (female Wistar rats, n = 6). Before ulcer induction, these animals were treated for 5 days with one of the following: (1) PIAT (0.2 mg·kg−1), (2) PIAT (0.4 mg·kg−1), (3) PIAQ (0.035 mg·kg−1), (4) ranitidine hydrochloride (50 mg·kg−1), (5) saline solution (0.9%), or (6) no intervention (sham). Both PIAT and PIAQ protected gastric mucosa, preventing hemorrhagic lesions, edema, and mucus loss. No histologic toxic effects of PIAT or PIAQ were seen in liver and pancreatic cells. Our results show that protein isolates from E. velutina seeds have potential gastroprotective effects, placing these compounds as natural candidates for gastric ulcer prevention.
9
Kiefel, V., S. Santoso, M. Weisheit, and C. Mueller-Eckhardt. "Monoclonal antibody--specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA): a new tool for the identification of platelet-reactive antibodies." Blood 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 1722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.6.1722.1722.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The analysis of sera containing different platelet-reactive antibodies, eg, autoantibodies, platelet-specific alloantibodies like anti-PIA1, - PIA2, -Baka, and HLA antibodies, is still difficult. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against major platelet membrane constituents (glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ib and HLA class I molecule) have become available. In this report we describe a new assay that takes advantage of these highly specific reagents to investigate selectively platelet reactive antibodies against epitopes on different glycoproteins. The reliability and specificity of this assay is demonstrated with known platelet-reactive autoantibodies and alloantibodies (anti-PIA1, -Baka, - Pen). The discovery of a PIA2 antibody in a serum of a polytransfused patient underscores the efficiency of this technique. Possible applications of this assay are discussed in detail.
10
Kiefel, V., S. Santoso, M. Weisheit, and C. Mueller-Eckhardt. "Monoclonal antibody--specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA): a new tool for the identification of platelet-reactive antibodies." Blood 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 1722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.6.1722.bloodjournal7061722.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of sera containing different platelet-reactive antibodies, eg, autoantibodies, platelet-specific alloantibodies like anti-PIA1, - PIA2, -Baka, and HLA antibodies, is still difficult. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against major platelet membrane constituents (glycoproteins IIb/IIIa and Ib and HLA class I molecule) have become available. In this report we describe a new assay that takes advantage of these highly specific reagents to investigate selectively platelet reactive antibodies against epitopes on different glycoproteins. The reliability and specificity of this assay is demonstrated with known platelet-reactive autoantibodies and alloantibodies (anti-PIA1, -Baka, - Pen). The discovery of a PIA2 antibody in a serum of a polytransfused patient underscores the efficiency of this technique. Possible applications of this assay are discussed in detail.
11
Ardissino, D., P. M. Mannucci, P. A. Merlini, F. Duca, R. Fetiveau, L. Tagliabue, M. Tubaro, et al. "Prothrombotic Genetic Risk Factors in Young Survivors of Myocardial Infarction." Blood 94, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.1.46.413a27_46_51.
Full textAbstract:
It has long been thought that an individual thrombotic tendency increases the risk of myocardial infarction, especially in young adults. Several “prothrombotic” genetic factors that may influence the individual thrombotic risk have been identified. To investigate the association between the risk of myocardial infarction at a young age and genetic factors thought to be associated with an increased tendency to thrombosis (the polymorphisms 4G/5G of the PAI-1 gene, PIA1/PIA2 of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa, C3550T of the platelet glycoprotein Ib gene, G10976A of the factor VII gene, C677T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, G1691A of the factor V gene, and G20210A of the prothrombin gene), we performed a case-control study evaluating 200 survivors (185 men, 15 women) of myocardial infarction who had experienced the event before the age of 45 years and 200 healthy subjects with a negative exercise test, individually matched for sex, age, and geographic origin with the cases. The presence of the PIA2 polymorphic allele was the only prothrombotic genetic factor associated with the risk of myocardial infarction at a young age. The odds ratio for carriers of the PIA2 allele compared with those of the PIA1 allele was 1.84 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.12 to 3.03). There was a significant interaction between the presence of the PIA2 allele and smoking: with their simultaneous presence, 46% (95% confidence intervals 11% to 81%) of premature myocardial infarctions were attributable to the interaction between the two factors. In conclusion, carrying the PIA2 polymorphic allele of platelet glycoprotein IIIa was the only genetic prothrombotic factor associated with the risk of developing myocardial infarction at a young age. The clinical expression of this genetic predisposition seems to be enhanced by smoking.
12
Papp, Elod, Viktoria Havasi, Judit Bene, Katalin Komlosi, Laszlo Czopf, Eva Magyar, Csaba Feher, et al. "Glycoprotein IIIA Gene (PIA) Polymorphism and Aspirin Resistance: Is There Any Correlation?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 6 (June 2005): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1e227.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptors play an inevitable role in platelet aggregation. The GP IIIa gene is polymorphic ( PIA1/PIA2) and the presence of a PIA2 allele might be associated with an increased risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of the PIA2 allele in patients with ACS and in subjects with or without aspirin resistance. METHODS: The prevalence of the PIA2 allele was assessed in 158 patients with ACS and PIA2 compared with its prevalence in 199 healthy volunteers. The antiplatelet efficacy of aspirin was examined in all patients with ACS, as well as in 69 individuals who had suffered ischemic stroke and in 58 high-risk subjects without any known ischemic vascular events. RESULTS: PIA2 prevalence was significantly higher in patients with ACS (59/158) than in the control group (51/199; p < 0.05). Carriers of the PIA2 allele had a significantly higher risk of developing ACS, even after an adjustment to the risk factors (OR 5.74; 95% CI 1.75 to 18.8; p = 0.004). The occurrence of the PIA2 allele was significantly higher among patients with aspirin resistance than in subjects who demonstrated an appropriate response to the drug (allele frequencies, 0.21 vs 0.14; p < 0.05). All patients homozygous for the PIA2 allele had an inadequate platelet response to aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that carriers of the PIA2 allele might have an increased risk for ACS. PIA2 homozygosity was associated with an inadequate response to aspirin therapy. Our data further suggest that patients with PIA2 allele homozygosity might benefit from antiplatelet therapy based on adenosine diphosphate antagonists throughout secondary treatment for prevention of ACS.
13
Jelonek, T., W. Pazdrowski, M. Arasimowicz, A. Tomczak, R. Walkowiak, and J. Szaban. "The applicability of the Pipe Model Theory in trees of Scots pine of Poland." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 11 (November 20, 2008): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2008-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
In order to test the application importance of the <I>Pipe Model Theory</I> and to develop models for the share of sapwood in tree stems, a total of 114 Scots pines (<I>Pinus sylvestris</I> L.) were felled within the natural range of this species in three natural positions located in northern and western Poland. The analyses were conducted on wood coming from trees from the main layer of the stand, i.e. the first three classes according to the classification developed by Kraft. Dependences were analyzed between the biometric characteristics of model trees, e.g. tree height, diameter at breast height, crown length, crown basal area and the area and volume of sapwood in the stem. All the analyzed characteristics, both biometric traits and sapwood characteristics, were found to be correlated significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) positively. Conducted analyses indicate that the postulates proposed in the <I>Pipe Model Theory</I> and <I>Profile Theory</I> require certain modifications and regression models developed for each social class of tree position in the stand for dependences of sapwood area and volume on the above mentioned biometric variables indirectly include changes occurring in time.
14
Bitzer, Michael, Lars Wöckel, Andreas R. Luft, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Dirk Petersen, Holger Opitz, Theo Sievert, Ulrike Ernemann, and Karsten Voigt. "The importance of pial blood supply to the development of peritumoral brain edema in meningiomas." Neurosurgical Focus 2, no. 4 (April 1997): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1997.2.4.7.
Full textAbstract:
The authors studied the pial and dural blood supplies in 74 intracranial meningiomas and quantified their associated peritumoral brain edema (PTBE). The extent and localization of pial blush in relation to the total tumor volume were determined angiographically. The amount of edema and tumor size were calculated using computerized tomography. The edema-tumor volume ratio was defined as Edema Index (EI). There were 49 meningiomas with PTBE; of those tumors, 46 were supplied by pial vessels, and three were supplied exclusively by dural vessels. Tumors without PTBE showed no pial blush. The mean EI in meningiomas with pial blush was significantly larger (EI = 3.0) than in meningiomas without pial supply (EI = 1.1; p < 0.0001). Meningiomas in which 10% of the whole tumor volume was supplied by pial vessels had only a small mean EI of 2.2, whereas tumors with pial blood supply greater than or equal to 20% had a mean EI of 3.3 (p < 0.026). In 69.9% of cases with pial blood supply, major portions of the edema were located adjacent to the tumor region supplied by pial vessels. Edema index differences among tumors of different subgroups, as defined by size or histology, were significantly related to the pial supply in each subset. Thus, pial blood supply may be causative for the development of PTBE in meningiomas.
15
Bitzer, Michael, Lars Wöckel, Andreas R. Luft, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Dirk Petersen, Holger Opitz, Theo Sievert, Ulrike Ernemann, and Karsten Voigt. "The importance of pial blood supply to the development of peritumoral brain edema in meningiomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 87, no. 3 (September 1997): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1997.87.3.0368.
Full textAbstract:
✓ In a retrospective analysis, the authors studied the pial and dural blood supplies in 74 intracranial meningiomas and quantified their associated peritumoral brain edema (PTBE). The extent and localization of pial blush in relation to the total tumor volume were determined angiographically. The amount of edema and tumor size were calculated using computerized tomography. The edema—tumor volume ratio was defined as Edema Index (EI). There were 49 meningiomas with PTBE; of those tumors, 46 were supplied by pial vessels, and three were supplied exclusively by dural vessels. Tumors without PTBE showed no pial blush. The mean EI in meningiomas with pial blush was significantly larger (EI = 3) than in meningiomas without pial supply (EI = 1.1; p < 0.0001). Meningiomas with a smaller pial supply than dural supply had a significantly smaller mean EI than tumors with a pial supply equal to or greater than the dural supply (EI = 2.9 vs. EI = 3.7; p < 0.015). In 69.9% of cases with pial blood supply, major portions of the edema were located adjacent to the tumor region supplied by pial vessels. Edema index differences among tumors of different subgroups, as defined by size or histology, were significantly related to the pial supply in each subset. Thus, pial blood supply may be associated with the development of PTBE in meningiomas.
16
Ngai, Al C., and H. Richard Winn. "Pial arteriole dilation during somatosensory stimulation is not mediated by an increase in CSF metabolites." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): H902—H907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00128.2001.
Full textAbstract:
Pial arterioles supplying the hindlimb somatosensory cortex dilate in response to contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation. The mechanism of this pial vasodilation is not well understood. One possibility is that vasoactive metabolites released during brain activation may diffuse to subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to dilate pial vessels. To test this hypothesis, we implanted closed cranial windows in rats and measured pial arteriolar dilation to sciatic nerve stimulation during constant rate superfusion of the pial surface with artificial CSF. We reason that flushing the pial surface with CSF should quickly dissipate vasoactive substances and prevent these substances from dilating pial arterioles. CSF flow (1 and 1.5 ml/min) significantly reduced pial arteriole dilation induced by 5% CO2 inhalation, but the same flow rates did not affect dilator responses to sciatic nerve stimulation. We conclude that brain-to-CSF diffusion of vasoactive metabolites does not play a significant role in the dilation of pial arterioles during somatosensory activity.
17
Munarriz, Eliana, Daniela Barcaroli, Anastasis Stephanou, Paul A. Townsend, Carine Maisse, Alessandro Terrinoni, Michael H. Neale, et al. "PIAS-1 Is a Checkpoint Regulator Which Affects Exit from G1 and G2 by Sumoylation of p73." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 10593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.24.10593-10610.2004.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT p73 is a recently described member of the p53 family, and, like p53, it undergoes a number of posttranslational modifications. Here we show, by yeast two-hybrid screening, pull-down assays, and coimmunoprecipitation, that p73α, -β, and -γ bind to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS-1) and that this binding stabilizes p73. PIAS-1 also sumoylates p73α, although not the C-terminally truncated isoforms p73β and -γ, and this requires the RING finger domain of PIAS-1. The ΔNp73α isoform can also bind, and be sumoylated by, PIAS-1. PIAS-1-mediated sumoylation decreases p73 transcriptional activity on several target promoters, such as Bax. p73 is colocalized in the nucleus with PIAS-1, and sumoylated p73 is located exclusively in the nuclear matrix. PIAS-1 is expressed predominantly during S phase, and PIAS-1 overexpression reduces p73-mediated transcription of p21, with a reduction of cells in G1 and cell cycle reentry. Inhibition of endogenous PIAS-1 by RNA interference reduces the proportion of cells in S phase and induces G2 arrest. These data suggest that PIAS-1, acting partly through binding and sumoylation of p73, is an important component of the cell cycle machinery.
18
Chalana, Manish. "Balancing History and Development in Seattle's Pike/Pine Neighborhood Conservation District." Journal of the American Planning Association 82, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2015.1136566.
Full text
19
Giltay, JC, OC Leeksma, AE von dem Borne, and JA van Mourik. "Alloantigenic composition of the endothelial vitronectin receptor." Blood 72, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.1.230.230.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Endothelial cells synthesize a heterodimeric adhesion molecule, the vitronectin receptor (VnR), which is similar to the platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex. The subunits of the endothelial VnR (VnR alpha and GPIIIa) have been studied for their ability to express alloantigens associated with platelet GPIIb and IIIa. We previously showed that endothelial GPIIIa can express the platelet alloantigen Zwa or PIA1, which is associated with GPIIIa. We studied the relationship between the expression of Zwa on platelets and endothelial cells in neonates (n = 13). Using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence techniques, we showed that the Zwa antigen is either expressed or absent from both platelets and endothelial cells of the same individual. This finding indicates that in both cell types the same gene is expressed. We also showed that Zwa-negative endothelial cells express Zwb (PIA2), in analogy to Zwa-negative platelets. Moreover, our results strongly suggest expression on endothelial cells of Yukb, a recently described platelet alloantigen, also located on GPIIIa. However, we could not demonstrate expression on the endothelial VnR alpha subunit of Baka, an alloantigen located on platelet GPIIb. These findings are in agreement with the concept that the endothelial GPIIIa subunit is more closely related to its platelet counterpart than to the endothelial VnR alpha subunit.
20
Giltay, JC, OC Leeksma, AE von dem Borne, and JA van Mourik. "Alloantigenic composition of the endothelial vitronectin receptor." Blood 72, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v72.1.230.bloodjournal721230.
Full textAbstract:
Endothelial cells synthesize a heterodimeric adhesion molecule, the vitronectin receptor (VnR), which is similar to the platelet glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex. The subunits of the endothelial VnR (VnR alpha and GPIIIa) have been studied for their ability to express alloantigens associated with platelet GPIIb and IIIa. We previously showed that endothelial GPIIIa can express the platelet alloantigen Zwa or PIA1, which is associated with GPIIIa. We studied the relationship between the expression of Zwa on platelets and endothelial cells in neonates (n = 13). Using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence techniques, we showed that the Zwa antigen is either expressed or absent from both platelets and endothelial cells of the same individual. This finding indicates that in both cell types the same gene is expressed. We also showed that Zwa-negative endothelial cells express Zwb (PIA2), in analogy to Zwa-negative platelets. Moreover, our results strongly suggest expression on endothelial cells of Yukb, a recently described platelet alloantigen, also located on GPIIIa. However, we could not demonstrate expression on the endothelial VnR alpha subunit of Baka, an alloantigen located on platelet GPIIb. These findings are in agreement with the concept that the endothelial GPIIIa subunit is more closely related to its platelet counterpart than to the endothelial VnR alpha subunit.
21
Rapolti, Emese, Diana Opincariu, Imre Benedek, Istvan Kovacs, Mihaela Ratiu, Nora Rat, and Theodora Benedek. "Computer-Aided Biomedical Imaging of Periiliac Adipose Tissue Identifies Perivascular Fat as a Marker of Disease Complexity in Patients with Lower Limb Ischemia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 4456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134456.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to develop a semi-automated, computer-aided imaging technique to quantify the amount and distribution of perivascular fat at the level of the iliac arteries (periiliac adipose tissue—PIAT), and to investigate the association of this new computer-aided imaging biomarker with other biomedical imaging biomarkers, which characterize the pelvic adipose tissue (SAT—subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT—visceral adipose tissue). We included 34 patients with peripheral arterial disease, in whom the volumes of PIAT, SAT and VAT were quantified using a dedicated software, at the level of right and left iliac arteries. Median value of PIAT was five milliliters. Patients with PIAT > five milliliters were in more advanced Fontaine classes, with more complex arterial lesions, compared to those with low PIAT (<5 mL) (p < 0.0001). PIAT volumes presented a gradual increase with the Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) class (2.57 +/− 1.98 in TASC A, 4.65 +/− 1.63 in TASC B, 8.79 +/− 1.99 in TASC C and 13.77 +/− 2.74 in TASC D). The distribution of PIAT between the left and right iliac axis was quasi-uniform (correlation between right and left PIAT: r = 0.46, p = 0.005). Linear regression analysis showed that the mean PIAT volume was correlated with VAT (r = 0.38, p = 0.02), but not with the SAT at the level of iliac artery origin (r = 0.16, p = 0.34). PIAT may represent a novel biomedical imaging derived biomarker, which characterizes the distribution of adipose tissue in the pelvic area and may serve as an indicator of the severity and complexity of lower limb ischemia.
22
Mayhan, W. G., and F. M. Faraci. "Responses of cerebral arterioles in diabetic rats to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): H152—H157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.1.h152.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study was to determine whether responses of pial arterioles to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels are altered during diabetes mellitus. We measured changes in diameter of pial arterioles in vivo in nondiabetic and diabetic rats (streptozotocin; 50–60 mg/kg ip; studied 3–4 mo after streptozotocin) in response to RP52891, an activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. RP52891 (1.0 microM) dilated pial arterioles in nondiabetic rats by 16 +/- 1% but constricted pial arterioles in diabetic rats by 2 +/- 2% (means +/- SE; P < 0.05 vs. response in nondiabetic rats). Dilatation of pial arterioles in nondiabetic rats in response to RP52891 was inhibited by glibenclamide (1.0 microM) but was not altered by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (1.0 microM), apamin (0.1 microM), or charybdotoxin (50 nM). Thus dilatation of pial arterioles in response to RP52891 appears to be due to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and does not involve nitric oxide or calcium-activated potassium channels. To determine whether impaired dilatation of pial arterioles in response to RP52891 in diabetic rats was related to a nonspecific effect of diabetes mellitus on vasodilatation, we measured diameter of pial arterioles in nondiabetic and diabetic rats in response to nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin (1.0 microM) dilated pial arterioles by 12 +/- 1% in nondiabetic rats and 16 +/- 2% in diabetic rats (P > 0.05). Thus impaired dilatation of pial arterioles in diabetic rats in response to RP52891 also is not related to a nonspecific effect of diabetes mellitus on vasodilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
23
Connor, Helen E., Carole M. Stubbs, Wasyl Feniuk, and Patrick P. A. Humphrey. "Effect of Sumatriptan, a Selective 5-HT1-like Receptor Agonist, on Pial Vessel Diameter in Anaesthetised Cats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, no. 3 (May 1992): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.70.
Full textAbstract:
The action of sumatriptan, a selective 5-HT1-like receptor agonist that is effective for the acute treatment of migraine, was compared on pial vessel diameter following perivascular or intravenous administration to anaesthetised cats. Sumatriptan (0.01–10 μ M), when microinjected perivascularly, caused a decrease in pial artery diameter (maximum change of –19 ± 9%; mean ± SD) but had no effect on the diameter of pial veins. Sumatriptan (1 μ M)-induced pial artery vasoconstriction was unaffected by coadministration of ketanserin (1 μ M) or ondansetron (1 μ M) but was significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated by methiothepin (1 μ M). Intravenous infusion of a clinically effective dose of sumatriptan (64 μg/kg/10 min) caused selective carotid vasoconstriction (22 ± 6% increase in carotid vascular resistance with little or no change in blood pressure or heart rate) and no change in pial artery diameter, although sumatriptan (1 μ M) administered perivascularly in these animals before and after the infusion caused pial artery vasoconstriction. These results demonstrate that perivascularly administered sumatriptan causes pial artery vasoconstriction via activation of 5-HT1-like receptors. However, intravenously administered sumatriptan does not cause pial artery vasoconstriction, which suggests that sumatriptan does not readily penetrate the cerebrovascular intima.
24
Leffler, C. W., D. W. Busija, W. M. Armstead, D. R. Shanklin, R. Mirro, and O. Thelin. "Activated oxygen and arachidonate effects on newborn cerebral arterioles." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): H1230—H1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.4.h1230.
Full textAbstract:
We have observed that pial arteriolar dilation in response to hypercapnia and hypotension is abolished after cerebral ischemia in newborn pigs. We determined whether direct generation of activated oxygen on the brain surface (OX: xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, FeCl3, and FeSO4) or topical arachidonate altered pial arteriolar responsiveness in a manner similarly to cerebral ischemia. OX, which generated more brain surface superoxide than reperfusion after ischemia, dilated pial arterioles. This dilation was reversed within 10 min of the end of exposure. OX produced ultrastructural changes in pial vessel endothelium and appeared to cause intravascular aggregation of granulocytes. After OX, prostanoid-dependent pial arteriolar dilations in response to hypercapnia and hypotension were attenuated, whereas constrictor responses to norepinephrine and acetylcholine and dilator responses to prostaglandin E2 and isoproterenol were not affected. After OX, hypercapnia increased cortical periarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid prostanoids modestly, whereas acetylcholine produced the normal strong stimulation of prostanoid synthesis. Arachidonate (10(-4) M and 7 x 10(-4) M) also caused reversible pial arteriolar dilation but did not alter subsequent pial arteriolar responses. Therefore, although arachidonate did not mimic the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on pial arteriolar reactivity, OX produced alterations that are qualitatively similar, although quantitatively less, than those produced by ischemia.
25
Kotaja, Noora, Ulla Karvonen, Olli A. Jänne, and Jorma J. Palvimo. "PIAS Proteins Modulate Transcription Factors by Functioning as SUMO-1 Ligases." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 5222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.14.5222-5234.2002.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) proteins interact with and modulate the activities of various transcription factors. In this work, we demonstrate that PIAS proteins xα, xβ, 1, and 3 interact with the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO-1 and its E2 conjugase, Ubc9, and that PIAS proteins themselves are covalently modified by SUMO-1 (sumoylated). PIAS proteins also tether other sumoylated proteins in a noncovalent fashion. Furthermore, recombinant PIASxα enhances Ubc9-mediated sumoylation of the androgen receptor and c-Jun in vitro. Importantly, PIAS proteins differ in their abilities to promote sumoylation in intact cells. The ability to stimulate protein sumoylation and the interaction with sumoylated proteins are dependent on the conserved PIAS RING finger-like domain. These functions are linked to the activity of PIASxα on androgen receptor-dependent transcription. Collectively, our results imply that PIAS proteins function as SUMO-1-tethering proteins and zinc finger-dependent E3 SUMO protein ligases, and these properties are likely to explain their ability to modulate the activities of various transcription factors.
26
Asada, Y., and T. J. Lee. "Alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediate norepinephrine constriction of porcine pial veins." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): H1907—H1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.6.h1907.
Full textAbstract:
The adrenergic innervation and alpha-adrenoceptor agonist-induced constrictions in isolated medium-size pial veins (OD 734 +/- 18 microns) of the pig were investigated. Using in vitro tissue bath techniques, we noted exogenously applied norepinephrine (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) induced venoconstriction with EC50 values of 1.71 x 10(-7) M, where EC50 is the concentration that produced 50% of (non-KCl) agonist-induced maximum constriction. The constriction was mimicked by clonidine but not by phenylephrine and was more effectively blocked by yohimbine than by prazosin. Results from histochemical studies demonstrated that porcine pial veins received a denser plexus of catecholamine fluorescence fibers than do pial arteries with similar outer diameter. These results suggest that norepinephrine-induced pial venoconstriction is mediated predominantly by alpha 2-adrenoceptors and that porcine pial veins have significantly greater sensitivity to the alpha-action of norepinephrine than that reported in pial arteries. These results add further support for adrenergic innervation in pial veins being of importance in regulating cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure.
27
Robinson, M. J., and J. McCulloch. "Contractile Responses to Endothelin in Feline Cortical Vessels in situ." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 10, no. 2 (March 1990): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1990.46.
Full textAbstract:
In this study in chloralose-anaesthetised cats, the vasomotor responses of individual pial vessels on the cortical surface to perivascular subarachnoid microapplication of endothelin were examined. Endothelin (3 × 10−10-3 × 10−6 M) induced marked vasoconstriction of pial arterioles (-33.5 ± 3.8% at 3 × 10−6 M) and pial veins (-35.1 ± 2.7% at 3 × 10−6 M). The concentration of endothelin inducing half-maximal response was in the nanomolar range, with pial veins being slightly more sensitive to the peptide than pial arterioles. Vasoconstrictions induced by endothelin were extremely prolonged, persisting for ∼90 min after a single microapplication. Arterioles constricted by endothelin remained responsive to perivascular microapplication of K+ (10 m M) or alkalotic CSF (pH 7.48).
28
Ferhat, Kara, and Topaçoğlu Osman. "Onset of canopy closure for black pine, Turkish red pine and Scots pine forests." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 5 (May 31, 2018): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/153/2017-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Canopy closure plays an important role in regeneration and management activities in forestry. Thus, determining the density at which canopy closure occurs is important for the success of silvicultural treatments. Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Tenore), black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) forests are usually managed at a density that is near or below the canopy closure. Residual stand density during the management of these species is commonly described by stand basal area – BA (m<sup>2</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>), however, the BA levels for the canopy closure have not been clearly indicated for these species. The minimum density for the onset of canopy closure (D<sub>OCC</sub>) was determined for Turkish red pine, black pine and Scots pine forests in this study. D<sub>OCC</sub> values were compared across the species. For the D<sub>OCC</sub>, the maximum tree area that a tree can occupy under open-grown conditions was used. The D<sub>OCC</sub> curves of black pine and Scots pine seem to be similar, but the canopy closure in Turkish red pine forests occurs with fewer trees per hectare for a given mean tree diameter. According to the D<sub>OCC</sub> curves, regeneration and tending activities will be more practical and effective in these forests.
29
Moscote-Salazar, Luis Rafael, and Hernando Raphael Alvis-Miranda. "A proposal for a new pial arteriovenous fistulas grading scale for neuroendovascular procedures and literature review." Romanian Neurosurgery 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2013-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pial arteriovenous fistulas are an unusual type of cerebrovascular lesion. The vascular supply of this type of injury comes from cortical and pial vessels which are not located in the dura leaflets. With the aim to make a grading scale for this type of injury, we conducted a literature search using the keywords "pial arteriovenous fistulas", "embolization" associated with "outcome". Angiographic and imagenological characteristics typically found in pial arteriovenous fistulas were taken and was developed a preliminary classification system that must be validated in future studies. Pial arteriovenous fistulas are associated with a poor natural history and the establishment of an individualized therapeutic strategy can provide a good prognosis. The endovascular management of these lesions is safe and effective.
30
Brown, Jeremy S., A. David Ogunniyi, Matthew C. Woodrow, David W. Holden, and James C. Paton. "Immunization with Components of Two Iron Uptake ABC Transporters Protects Mice against Systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 6702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.11.6702-6706.2001.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT There has been considerable recent research into protein basedStreptococcus pneumoniae vaccines as alternatives to the existing capsular antigen vaccines. PiuA and PiaA (formerly Pit1A and Pit2A) are recently identified lipoprotein components of S. pneumoniae iron uptake ABC transporters which are required for full virulence and are likely to be expressed on the surface of the bacterial cell membrane. We investigated the efficacy of recombinant PiuA and PiaA proteins at eliciting protective immunity in mice against systemic infection with S. pneumoniae. Both recombinant PiuA and PiaA generated antibody responses that cross-reacted with each other but not with pneumolysin and reacted with identical proteins from nine different S. pneumoniae serotypes. Mice immunized with recombinant PiuA and PiaA were protected against systemic challenge to a degree similar to those immunized with an existing protein vaccine candidate, PdB (a genetically modified pneumolysin toxoid). Immunization with a combination of both PiuA and PiaA resulted in additive protection and was highly protective against systemic infection with S. pneumoniae. PiuA and PiaA are therefore promising additional candidates for a novel S. pneumoniae vaccine using protein antigens.
31
Ago, Mako, Kenichi Masumoto, Atsushi Uchiyama, Yasuo Aihara, Yoshikazu Okada, and Satoshi Kusuda. "Serial Measurement of Superior Vena Cava Flow in Evaluation of the Clinical Severity of Pial Arteriovenous Fistula in an Infant." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 07, no. 01 (January 2017): e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597572.
Full textAbstract:
Background Pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is composed of one or more direct arterial feeding vessels with a single draining vein without nidus. A patient with the disease with high-flow AV shunting in the neonatal period not only suffers from high-output cardiac failure but also shows secondary neurological sequelae. In vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, superior vena cava (SVC) flow measurements provide useful prognostic information. Case Presentation We measured serial SVC flow in a male infant with pial AVF. The term infant presented with tachypnea, a heart murmur, and a cranial bruit after birth, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic angiography revealed a pial AVF on the left sylvian fissure. SVC flow was at the upper normal limit at presentation. After 1 month, SVC flow gradually increased up to fourfold. Surgical resection of the pial AVF was performed and diagnosed as pial AVF on day 62. The SVC flow immediately decreased thereafter. Conclusion SVC flow reflects the shunt volume and may be a useful parameter for evaluating the optimal timing and effectiveness of intervention in pial AVF.
32
Gozalov, A., KA Petersen, C. Mortensen, I. Jansen-Olesen, D. Klaerke, and J. Olesen. "Role of KATP Channels in the Regulation of Rat Dura and Pia Artery Diameter." Cephalalgia 25, no. 4 (April 2005): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00848.x.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of KATP channel openers pinacidil and levcromakalim on rat dural and pial arteries as well as their inhibition by glibenclamide. We used an in-vivo genuine closed cranial window model and an in-vitro organ bath. Glibenclamide alone reduced the dural but not the pial artery diameter compared with controls. Intravenous pinacidil and levcro-makalim induced dural and pial artery dilation that was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide. In the organ bath pinacidil and levcromakalim induced dural and middle cerebral artery relaxation that was significantly attenuated by glibenclamide. In conclusion, KATP channel openers induce increasing diameter/relaxation of dural and pial arteries after intravenous infusion in vivo and on isolated arteries in vitro. Furthermore, dural arteries were more sensitive to KATP channel openers than pial arteries.
33
Gaspar, Veerle. "Gaspar, V.M. 2012. Sacerdotes piae. Priestesses and Other Female Cult Officials in the Western Part of the Roman Empire from the First Century B.C. until the Third Century A.D. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 305 p. Supervisor: Prof.dr. E.A. Hemelrijk, University of Amsterdam." Mnemosyne 65, no. 4-5 (2012): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12341379.
Full text
34
Hansted, Anna Koldbro, Lars Jørn Jensen, Jes Olesen, and Inger Jansen-Olesen. "Localization of TRPA1 channels and characterization of TRPA1 mediated responses in dural and pial arteries in vivo after intracarotid infusion of Na2S." Cephalalgia 40, no. 12 (July 1, 2020): 1310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420937724.
Full textAbstract:
Background The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel might play a role in migraine. However, different mechanisms for this have been suggested. The purpose of our study was to investigate the localization and significance of TRPA1 channels in rat pial and dural arteries. Methods Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to localize TRPA1 channels in dural arteries, pial arteries, dura mater and trigeminal ganglion. The genuine closed cranial window model was used to examine the effect of Na2S, a donor of the TRPA1 channel opener H2S, on the diameter of pial and dural arteries. Further, we performed blocking experiments with TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist olcegepant and KCa3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34. Results TRPA1 channels were localized to the endothelium of both dural and pial arteries and in nerve fibers in dura mater. Further, we found TRPA1 expression in the membrane of trigeminal ganglia neuronal cells, some of them also staining for CGRP. Na2S caused dilation of both dural and pial arteries. In dural arteries, this was inhibited by HC-030031 and olcegepant. In pial arteries, the dilation was inhibited by TRAM-34, suggesting involvement of the KCa3.1 channel. Conclusion Na2S causes a TRPA1- and CGRP-dependent dilation of dural arteries and a KCa3.1 channel-dependent dilation of pial arteries in rats.
35
Tasdemiroglu, E., R. Macfarlane, E. P. Wei, H. A. Kontos, and M. A. Moskowitz. "Pial vessel caliber and cerebral blood flow become dissociated during ischemia-reperfusion in cats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): H533—H536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.2.h533.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between pial arteriolar caliber and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in 11 cats subjected to reperfusion for up to 120 min after 10 min of global cerebral ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion and systemic hypotension. Thirty minutes after reperfusion CBF, as assessed by radiolabeled microsphere injection, had increased to 588% of control in middle cerebral artery (MSEC) cortical gray matter territory. The caliber of MSEC pial arterioles measured using the closed cranial window technique (greater than 33 to less than 213 microns) increased to 172% of baseline. By 60 min of reperfusion, CBF was 76% of basal levels, but pial arterioles remained 133% of baseline. After 120 min, CBF approximated baseline values, but pial dilatation persisted (115% of control). Intracranial pressure measurements did not differ significantly from resting values. At 45 min and beyond, total cerebrovascular resistance did not differ from resting values. The coexistence of vasodilatation within pial arterioles and normal blood flow in cortical gray matter indicates that pial vessels (greater than 33 microns) cannot be responsible for normal blood flow restoration following postocclusive hyperemia. Resistance during the posthyperemic phase must be increased selectively within parenchymal vessels to account for normal total cerebrovascular resistance, pial vessel dilatation, and normal-low parenchymal blood flow. Whether obstruction rather than vasoconstriction explains the resistance changes within intraparenchymal vessels remains for further study.
36
Jomaa, Maha, Jose Yuste, James C. Paton, Christopher Jones, Gordon Dougan, and Jeremy S. Brown. "Antibodies to the Iron Uptake ABC Transporter Lipoproteins PiaA and PiuA Promote Opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 10 (October 2005): 6852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.10.6852-6859.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT PiaA and PiuA are the lipoprotein components of the Pia and Piu Streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake ABC transporters and are required for full virulence in mouse models of infection. Active or passive vaccination with recombinant PiuA and PiaA protects mice against invasive S. pneumoniae disease. In this study we have analyzed the antibody responses and mechanism of protection induced by PiuA and PiaA in more detail. For both proteins, two booster vaccinations induced stronger antibody responses in mice than a single or no booster vaccinations, and 5 μg of protein induced similar levels of antibody responses as 20 μg. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that the antibody response to PiuA and PiaA was predominantly IgG1, with induction of only low levels of IgG2a. Anti-PiaA and anti-PiuA polyclonal rabbit antibodies bound to the surface of live S. pneumoniae when assessed by flow cytometry but did not inhibit growth of S. pneumoniae in cation-depleted medium or bacterial susceptibility to the iron-dependent antibiotic streptonigrin. However, anti-PiaA and anti-PiuA did increase complement-independent and -dependent opsonophagocytosis of different serotypes of S. pneumoniae by the human neutrophil cell line HL60. Hence, vaccination with PiaA and PiuA protects against S. pneumoniae infection by inducing antibodies that promote bacterial opsonophagocytosis rather than inhibiting iron transport.
37
Baumbach, G. L., W. G. Mayhan, and D. D. Heistad. "Protection of the blood-brain barrier by hypercapnia during acute hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): H282—H287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.2.h282.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of hypercapnia on susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier to disruption during acute hypertension. Two methods were used to test the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation during hypercapnia increases disruption of the blood-brain barrier. First, permeability of the blood-brain barrier was measured in anesthetized cats with 125I-labeled serum albumin. Severe hypertension markedly increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during normocapnia, but not during hypercapnia. The protective effect of hypercapnia was not dependent on sympathetic nerves. Second, in anesthetized rats, permeability of the barrier was quantitated by clearance of fluorescent dextran. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier during hypertension was decreased by hypercapnia. Because disruption of the blood-brain barrier occurred primarily in pial venules, we also measured pial venular diameter and pressure (with a servo-null method). Acute hypertension increased pial venular pressure and diameter in normocapnic rats. Hypercapnia alone increased pial venular pressure and pial venular diameter, and acute hypertension during hypercapnia further increased venular pressure. The magnitude of increase in pial venular pressure during acute hypertension was significantly less in hypercapnic than in normocapnic rats. We conclude that hypercapnia protects the blood-brain barrier. Possible mechanisms of this effect include attenuation of the incremental increase in pial venular pressure by hypercapnia or a direct effect on the blood-brain barrier not related to venous pressure.
38
Mizutani, Katsuhiro, Arturo Consoli, Federico Di Maria, Stéphanie Condette Auliac, Anne Boulin, Oguzhan Coskun, Julie Gratieux, and Georges Rodesch. "Intradural spinal cord arteriovenous shunts in a personal series of 210 patients: novel classification with emphasis on anatomical disposition and angioarchitectonic distribution, related to spinal cord histogenetic units." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 34, no. 6 (June 2021): 920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.spine201258.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE Few classifications of intradural spinal arteriovenous shunts (ID-SAVSs) have considered their anatomical localization in relation to their phenotype and angioarchitectonics. The authors propose another vision of ID-SAVSs allowing a reappraised classification based on analysis of the anatomical disposition, angioarchitecture, and histogenetic location of these vascular malformations. METHODS The radiological and clinical records of 210 patients with ID-SAVSs were retrospectively reviewed, considering their localization, vascular architectonics, and correlation with the 5 histogenetic units of the spinal cord. Among these, 183 files with complete data allowed precise analysis of the ID-SAVSs. RESULTS Among these 183 files (162 and 21 cases with single and multiple lesions, respectively), different entities were identified: 13 pial macro arteriovenous fistulas (MAVFs), 92 pial micro arteriovenous fistulas (mAVFs), 33 superficial pial niduses, and 69 intramedullary niduses. Thirteen sulcal shunts (either fistulas or niduses) were considered subtypes of pial lesions. Among the 21 multiple cases, 11 were monomyelomeric while 10 were multimyelomeric. Pial lesions, either fistulas or niduses, were dominantly vascularized by pial arteries (anterior or posterior depending on the localization of the shunt) and occasionally (except for MAVFs) by transmedullary arteries. Pial niduses occasionally extended into the funiculus by recruiting intrinsic veins or by extension of the nidus itself inside the white matter. Intramedullary niduses were always vascularized by both centrifugal and centripetal feeders, respectively, from sulcal arteries (SAs) and pial arteries. Sulcal lesions are pial lesions located within the ventral median sulcus and vascularized by SAs and veins. Single or multiple ID-SAVSs can be part of various syndromes such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Parkes-Weber, RASA1, CLOVES, and spinal arteriovenous metameric syndromes. Histogenetic analyses revealed a specific distribution of each ID-SAVS in the 5 histogenetic units of the spinal cord: intramedullary niduses were found almost equally from cervical to thoracic units, while MAVFs and mAVFs were mostly found from thoracic to postcrural ones. Pial niduses showed intermediate features between intramedullary and fistulous lesions and were mostly distributed from brachial to crural segments. CONCLUSIONS Precise analysis of the anatomical disposition of ID-SAVSs in relation to functional histogenetic units allows a better understanding of these lesions and improved therapeutic management.
39
Sun, Hong, and William G. Mayhan. "Temporal effect of alcohol consumption on reactivity of pial arterioles: role of oxygen radicals." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): H992—H1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.3.h992.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic alcohol consumption reduces nitric oxide synthase-dependent responses of pial arterioles via mechanisms that remain uncertain. In addition, the temporal effects of alcohol on pial arterioles is unclear. Thus our goals were to examine the role of oxygen-derived free radicals in alcohol-induced impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity and the temporal effect of alcohol on reactivity of pial arterioles. Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed a liquid diet with or without alcohol for 2–3 wk, 2–3 mo, or 5–6 mo. We measured the in vivo diameter of pial arterioles in response to nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilators acetylcholine and ADP and the nitric oxide synthase-independent dilator nitroglycerin. In nonalcohol-fed rats, acetylcholine (1.0 and 10 μM) and ADP (10 and 100 μM) produced dose-related dilatation of pial arterioles. Whereas there was no difference in reactivity of arterioles to the agonists in rats fed the nonalcohol and alcohol diets for a period of 2–3 wk, there was a significant impairment in reactivity of arterioles to acetylcholine and ADP, but not nitroglycerin, in rats fed the alcohol diet for longer durations. We then found that treatment with superoxide dismutase did not alter baseline diameter of pial arterioles in nonalcohol-fed or alcohol-fed rats, but significantly improved impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent dilatation of pial arterioles in alcohol-fed rats. Thus our findings suggest a temporal relationship in the effects of alcohol on reactivity of pial arterioles and that impaired nitric oxide synthase-dependent cerebral vasodilatation during chronic alcohol consumption may be related, in part, to enhanced release of oxygen-derived free radicals.
40
Leffler, C. W., and D. W. Busija. "Prostanoids and pial arteriolar diameter in hypotensive newborn pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): H687—H691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.4.h687.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of hypotensive hemorrhage on pial arteriolar diameter and cortical subarachnoid fluid prostanoid concentrations were investigated in newborn pigs. Chloralose-anesthetized piglets were equipped with closed cranial windows over the parietal cortex for observation of pial arterioles and collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) passing over the cerebral surface (cortical subarachnoid CSF). Prostanoids in the CSF were determined by radioimmunoassay. Measurements of pial arterioles were made during normotension (63 +/- 4 mmHg) and hypotension (28 +/- 3 mmHg). Hypotension caused pial arteriolar diameters to increase from 162 +/- 22 to 193 +/- 22 microns. During normotension, the cortical subarachnoid prostanoid concentrations were (in ng/ml) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 2.6 +/- 0.7, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) 1.7 +/- 0.4, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) 0.25 +/- 0.02. Hypotension caused 6-keto-PGF1 alpha to increase 245 +/- 104% and PGE2 to increase 132 +/- 38%. TXB2 increased slightly (37 +/- 21%). Topical application of PGE2 and prostacyclin caused marked dilation of pial arterioles. Treatment of hypotensive newborn pigs with indomethacin caused constriction of pial arterioles to diameters not significantly different from the normotensive diameters. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the prostanoid system contributes to the maintenance of cerebral blood flow during hypotension in piglets.
41
Palvimo, J. J. "PIAS proteins as regulators of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modifications and transcription." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 6 (November 23, 2007): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351405.
Full textAbstract:
Transcriptional activity of signal-dependent transcription factors, including nuclear receptors, relies on interacting co-regulator proteins, many of which possess protein-modifying activity. SUMOs (small ubiquitin-related modifiers) and their conjugation pathway components act as co-regulator proteins for numerous transcription factors that also are often targets for SUMO modification. PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)] proteins promote SUMOylation in a manner that resembles the action of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases. PIAS proteins were initially named for their ability to interact with STAT proteins and inhibit their activity, but their interactions and functions are not restricted to the STATs. Moreover, PIAS proteins do not operate merely as SUMO E3s, since their co-regulator effects are often independent of their RING finger but dependent on their SIM (SUMO-interacting motif) or SAP (scaffold attachment factor-A/B/acinus/PIAS) domain capable of interacting with DNA. The modulator activity imparted by the PIAS/SUMO system involves altered subnuclear targeting and/or assembly of transcription complexes. PIAS proteins may act as platforms that facilitate both removal and recruitment of other regulatory proteins in the transcription complexes.
42
Anzabi, Maryam, Baoqiang Li, Hui Wang, Sreekanth Kura, Sava Sakadžić, David Boas, Leif Østergaard, and Cenk Ayata. "Optical coherence tomography of arteriolar diameter and capillary perfusion during spreading depolarizations." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 41, no. 9 (February 16, 2021): 2256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x21994013.
Full textAbstract:
Spreading depolarization (SD) is associated with profound oligemia and reduced oxygen availability in the mouse cortex during the depolarization phase. Coincident pial arteriolar constriction has been implicated as the primary mechanism for the oligemia. However, where in the vascular bed the hemodynamic response starts has been unclear. To resolve the origin of the hemodynamic response, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to simultaneously monitor changes in the vascular tree from capillary bed to pial arteries in mice during two consecutive SDs 15 minutes apart. We found that capillary flow dropped several seconds before pial arteriolar constriction. Moreover, penetrating arterioles constricted before pial arteries suggesting upstream propagation of constriction. Smaller caliber distal pial arteries constricted stronger than larger caliber proximal arterioles, suggesting that the farther the constriction propagates, the weaker it gets. Altogether, our data indicate that the hemodynamic response to cortical SD originates in the capillary bed.
43
Matsushita, Isao, and Hideshi Yanase. "Characterization of the protein gp1 from bacteriophage φIN93." Biological Letters 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-011-0005-9.
Full textAbstract:
Characterization of the protein gp1 from bacteriophage φIN93The protein gp1, encoded by theORF1gene in the genome of theThermusphage φIN93, is similar to the replication protein encoded byrepAin theThermus sp.plasmid. To confirm that gp1 functions as a replication protein, we constructed the recombinant plasmid pIA1, by insertingORF1and the kanamycin acetyltransferase (kat) gene into pBluescriptII SK(+), which enabled replication of pIA1 inThermus thermophilusHB27. By contrast, plasmid pIA1-del, which contained only a part ofORF1(the other part deleted usingKpnI), was not replicated. These results show that gp1 functions as a replication protein and that pIA1 can be used as a shuttle vector betweenThermus thermophilusHB27 andEscherichia coli.
44
Fadhilah, Rohhimah Nur, and I. Gusti Ngurah Tara Wiguna. "Kajian Epigrafi pada Piagem Kesultanan Palembang." Humanis 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2019.v23.i03.p07.
Full textAbstract:
Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang is one of the cultural heritage ini Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu province. This inscription issued by one of the Kanjeng Sultan during administration Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam in 1729 ?aka (1807 AD). This study aims to describe the result of study on the inscription of Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang related to the aspects of language and social institutions contained in Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang. The data collection methods applied in this research were observation , interviews, and literature studies as well as data processing method through Countextual and qualitative analysis. The Theories that is use is structuralism theories.Based on the analysis results it could be seen that the paleography aspect Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang used the script of shift Javanese and language. The spelling used was the spelling which had evolved in the past. The affixation types used in this Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang were : prefix: ka-, in-, a- and Confix: a – k?n. The aspects of social institutions mentioned in Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang namely political institutions which included the central level bureacucracy in which the supreme power was held by the Sultan. Legal institutions is also found in Piag?m Kesultanan Palembang that mentioned about states debts and receivables regulation, tribute payment, trading, the law of theft, fine of murder, in the event of prisoners escaping, treasure discoveries, and the people who become the slave in the Abdi Da?m Kesultanan.
45
Ishine, Takaaki, Isabelle Bouchelet, Edith Hamel, and Tony J. F. Lee. "Serotonin 5-HT7 receptors mediate relaxation of porcine pial veins." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): H907—H912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.3.h907.
Full textAbstract:
Isolated porcine pial veins in the presence of active muscle tone have been shown to exhibit rhythmic contractions (RC) that are inhibited by serotonin (5-HT) in a concentration-dependent manner. The 5-HT inhibition of RC is mediated by an as yet unidentified 5-HT receptor subtype located on the vascular smooth muscle. 5-carboxamidotryptamine, which is a potent but nonselective agonist at 5-HT7receptors, has been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of RC in porcine pial veins. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine if the 5-HT-mediated inhibition of RC in pial veins is mediated by 5-HT7 receptors and if 5-HT7 receptor mRNA is expressed in endothelium-denuded pial veins; the study was done with the use of an in vitro tissue bath and RT-PCR techniques. Our findings indicated that 5-HT inhibition of RC in porcine pial veins was prevented by 5-HT7-receptor antagonists (clozapine, pimozide, and LY-215840) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, a strong PCR signal for the 5-HT7 receptor was consistently detected in endothelium-denuded pial veins. Sequence analysis of the amplified products confirmed their high degree of homology with the porcine and/or human 5-HT7-receptor gene. Taken together, these data suggest that the 5-HT-induced inhibition of RC in porcine pial veins is at least in part mediated by 5-HT7 receptors located on the venous smooth muscle.
46
Kotaja, Noora, Saara Aittomäki, Olli Silvennoinen, Jorma J. Palvimo, and Olli A. Jänne. "ARIP3 (Androgen Receptor-Interacting Protein 3) and Other PIAS (Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT) Proteins Differ in Their Ability to Modulate Steroid Receptor-Dependent Transcriptional Activation." Molecular Endocrinology 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1986–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.14.12.0569.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Steroid receptors mediate their actions by using various coregulatory proteins. We have recently characterized ARIP3/PIASxα as an androgen receptor (AR)-interacting protein (ARIP) that belongs to the PIAS [protein inhibitor of activated STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)] protein family implicated in the inhibition of cytokine signaling. We have analyzed herein the roles that four different PIAS proteins (ARIP3/PIASxα, Miz1/PIASxβ, GBP/PIAS1, and PIAS3) play in the regulation of steroid receptor- or STAT-mediated transcriptional activation. All PIAS proteins are able to coactivate steroid receptor-dependent transcription but to a differential degree, depending on the receptor, the promoter, and the cell type. Miz1 and PIAS1 are more potent than ARIP3 in activating AR function on minimal promoters. With the natural probasin promoter, PIAS proteins influence AR function more divergently, in that ARIP3 represses, but Miz1 and PIAS1 activate it. Miz1 and PIAS1 possess inherent transcription activating function, whereas ARIP3 and PIAS3 are devoid of this feature. ARIP3 enhances glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcription more efficiently than Miz1 or PIAS1, and all PIAS proteins also activate estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-dependent transcription but to a dissimilar degree. The same amounts of PIAS proteins that modulate steroid receptor-dependent transcription influence only marginally transactivation mediated by various STAT proteins. It remains to be established whether the PIAS proteins play a more significant physiological role in steroid receptor than in cytokine signaling.
47
Cipolla, Marilyn J., and Siu-Lung Chan. "Impact of Acute and Chronic Hypertension on Changes in Pial Collateral Tone In Vivo During Transient Ischemia." Hypertension 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15356.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated vasoconstrictive responses of pial collaterals in vivo at baseline and during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion during chronic hypertension. A cranial window was used to measure diameter of leptomeningeal anastomoses (pial collaterals) in male Wistar (n=8) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; n=8) using video dimensional analysis. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by remote filament for 2 hours with 2 hours reperfusion. Phenylephrine was infused during ischemia as a pressor therapy. Active diameters of pial collaterals were significantly smaller in SHRs versus Wistar (14.1±1.5 versus 21.6±2.8 µm; P <0.01); however, passive diameters were similar (25.0±2.9 versus 25.0±2.6 µm; P >0.05). Basal tone of pial collaterals before occlusion was 42±5% in SHRs versus 15±4% in Wistar ( P <0.01). Tone decreased in both Wistar and SHRs during occlusion but remained higher in SHRs (9±2% versus 29±4%; P <0.05). Phenylephrine increased blood pressure in both groups but had little effect on leptomeningeal anastomoses diameters. Reperfusion caused vasoconstriction of pial collaterals, increasing tone from 8±1% to 20±5% in Wistar and 29±5% to 44±5% in SHRs ( P <0.01). Higher tone in pial collaterals from SHRs basally and during occlusion/reperfusion could limit flow to the penumbra and promote evolution of infarction. Sustained elevated tone of pial collaterals from SHRs with phenylephrine suggests pressor therapy may not be appropriate during chronic hypertension.
48
Iwata, Makoto, Kyohei Kanoh, Takuya Imaoka, and Kazuo Nagasawa. "Total synthesis of (+)-cylindradine A." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 53 (2014): 6991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00137k.
Full text
49
Sugimoto, Tadashi, Young-Su Park, Ichiro Nakagawa, Fumihiko Nishimura, Yasushi Motoyama, and Hiroyuki Nakase. "Effectiveness of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography in direct surgical treatment of pediatric intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 15, no. 1 (January 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.9.peds13683.
Full textAbstract:
Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare cerebrovascular lesions. The authors report a rare case of pediatric pial AVF treated by direct disconnection with the aid of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography. A 3-year-old girl presented with developmental problems. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain atrophy and an anomalous left temporal vascular mass. Angiography showed a high-flow pial AVF in the early arterial phase fed by the M1 portion of the left middle cerebral artery and draining into the superficial sylvian vein and the vein of Trolard with a large varix. Given that her fistula was located in a superficial region that was easily accessible by craniotomy, the authors successfully disconnected her pial AVF by direct surgery aided by ICG videoangiography, which clearly confirmed the shunting point. In this report, the authors discuss the existing literature and compare the relative merits of endovascular versus surgical options for the treatment of pial AVF.
50
Armstead, W. M. "Role of Nitric Oxide, Cyclic Nucleotides, and the Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Contribution of Adenosine to Hypoxia-Induced Pial Artery Dilation." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199701000-00013.
Full textAbstract:
Previously, it had been observed that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation in the newborn pig. Additionally, it was also noted that activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) contribute to cGMP-mediated as well as to hypoxia-induced pial dilation. Although somewhat controversial, adenosine is also thought to contribute to hypoxic cerebrovasodilation. The present study was designed to investigate the role of NO, cyclic nucleotides, and activation of KATP channels in the elicitation of adenosine's vascular response and relate these mechanisms to the contribution of adenosine to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation. The closed cranial window technique was used to measure pial diameter in newborn pigs. Hypoxia-induced artery dilation was attenuated during moderate (PaO2 ≈ 35 mm Hg) and severe hypoxia (PaO2 ≈ 25 mm Hg) by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) (10–5 M) (26 ± 2 vs. 19 ± 2 and 34 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2% for moderate and severe hypoxia in the absence vs. presence of 8-PT, respectively). This concentration of 8-PT blocked pial dilation in response to adenosine (8 ± 2, 16 ± 2, and 23 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 2, 4 ± 2, and 6 ± 2% for 10–8, 10–6, and 10–4 M adenosine before and after 8-PT, respectively). Similar data were also obtained using adenosine deaminase as a probe for the role of adenosine in hypoxic pial dilation. Adenosine-induced dilation was associated with increased CSF cGMP concentration (390 ± 11 and 811 ± 119 fmol/ml for control and 10–4 M adenosine, respectively). The NO synthase inhibitor, L-NNA, and the cGMP antagonist, Rp 8-bromo cGMPs, blunted adenosine-induced pial dilation (8 ± 1, 14 ± 1, and 20 ± 3 vs. 3 ± 1, 5 ± 1, and 8 ± 3% for 10–8, 10–6, and 10–4 M adenosine before and after L-NNA, respectively). Adenosine dilation was also blunted by glibenclamide, a KATP antagonist (9 ± 2, 14 ± 3, 21 ± 4 vs. 4 ± 1, 8 ± 2, and 11 ± 2% for 10–8, 10–6, and 10–4 M adenosine before and after glibenclamide, respectively). Finally, it was also observed that adenosine-induced dilation was associated with increased CSF cAMP concentration and the cAMP antagonist, Rp 8-bromo cAMPs, blunted adenosine pial dilation. These data show that adenosine contributes to hypoxic pial dilation. These data also show that NO, cGMP, cAMP, and activation of KATP channels all contribute to adenosine induced pial dilation. Finally, these data suggest that adenosine contributes to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation via cAMP and activation of KATP channels by NO and cGMP.