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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative

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Academic literature on the topic 'Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

1

Grazi, Alessandro. "Postmodern tricksters: a comparative approach to contemporary picaresque literature." Incontri. Rivista europea di studi italiani 33, no. 1 (2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/incontri.10248.

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Gussago, Luigi. "The Contribution of Comparative Literature to the Humanities: Open Endings in the Picaresque." International Journal of Literary Humanities 13, no. 4 (2015): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-7912/cgp/v13i04/43940.

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Zalomkina, Galina. "The Moon as an Object of Exploration in the Perception of Russian Science Fiction." Semiotic studies 1, no. 2 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-2-47-54.

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Purpose: to trace how the representative Russian science fiction texts reflect the process of the exploration of the Earths satellite, both in scientific/technical and socio-philosophical aspects. Methods: comparative-historical, mythopoetic, socio-historical, hermeneutical, structural analysis. Results: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the outstanding rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory, in his story On the Moon conjectured in detail the impression of an observer on its surface. The Soviet science fiction writer Alexander Belyaev developed Tsiolkovskys hypotheses in the story The Star KETs in which the Moon becomes accessible due to the construction of a space station in Earths orbit, named after the scientist: Star K(onstantin) E(duardovich) Ts(iolkovsky). In the Soviet Union, which was actively engaged in the research of the Moon, the interest in it was so great that it was reflected even in childrens literature. Simultaneously with the deployment of the Soviet lunar program, a fairy-tale novel by Nikolai Nosov Dunno on the Moon appeared. The novel shows the atmosphere of rivalry between the USSR and the United States in the exploration of the Moon. The science fiction vector is unfolded in the picaresque genre. In Victor Pelevins novel Omon Ra the question is raised not only of the research prospects of lunar landings, but also of the spiritual price of scientific search which implies the active participation of the state: is a free intellectual and technical search possible for astrophysicists, engineers, and cosmonauts under the pressure of acute political necessities?

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David Damrosch and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. "Comparative Literature/World Literature:." Comparative Literature Studies 48, no. 4 (2011): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.48.4.0455.

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Damrosch, David. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (2003): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67712.

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In recent years, North American literary studies has been marked by a double movement: outward from the Euro-American sphere toward the entire globe and inward within national traditions, in an intensified engagement with local cultures and subcultures. Both directions might seem natural stimuli to comparative study—most obviously in the transnational frame of global studies but also in more local comparisons: a natural way to understand the distinctiveness of a given culture, after all, is to compare it with and contrast it to others. Yet journal articles and job listings alike have not shown any major growth in comparative emphasis in recent years. Is the comparatist doomed to irrelevance, less equipped than the national specialist for local study and yet finding the literary globe expanding farther and farther out of reach, accessible only to a multitude of, again, local specialists?

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Saussy, Haun. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (2003): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67730.

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What is comparative literature? Not a theory or a methodology, certainly (which raises the question of why this article should appear in a series so entitled), though theories and methodologies aplenty occur as part of its typical business. Is there, or can there be, an object of knowledge identifiable as “comparative literature”?When I began hearing about comparative literature in the middle 1970s, there was a fairly straightforward means of distinguishing comparative literature on the university campuses where it was done. The English department pursued knowledge of language and literature in one language; the foreign language departments pursued similar studies in two languages (typically English, assumed to be most students' native language, plus the foreign tongue); and comparative literature committees, programs, or departments carried out literary analysis in at least three languages at once.

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Jonas, Gerald. "Comparative Literature." Grand Street 7, no. 1 (1987): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007038.

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Hyeryon, Hahm, and Edward W. Poitras. "Comparative Literature." Chicago Review 39, no. 3/4 (1993): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305761.

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During, Simon. "Comparative Literature." ELH 71, no. 2 (2004): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2004.0023.

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C., J. "Comparative literature." Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (NRFH) 14, no. 1/2 (2007): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/nrfh.v14i1/2.3307.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

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Akalay, Mohamed. "Las maqāmāt y la picaresca al-Hamad̲ānī y al-Ḥarīrī, Lazarillo de Tormes y Guzmán de Alfarache /." Mohammedia, Maroc : Imprimerie de Fédala, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=4ZVZAAAAMAAJ.

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Ramirez-Nieves, Emmanuel. "Repenting Roguery: Penance in the Spanish Picaresque Novel and the Arabic and Hebrew Maqama." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467380.

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Repenting Roguery: Penance in the Spanish Picaresque Novel and the Arabic and Hebrew Maqāma, investigates the significance of conversion narratives and penitential elements in the Spanish picaresque novels Vida de Guzmán de Alfarache (1599 and 1604) by Mateo Alemán and El guitón Onofre (circa 1606) by Gregorio González as well as Juan Ruiz’s Libro de buen amor (1330 and 1343) and El lazarillo de Tormes (1554), the Arabic maqāmāt of al-Ḥarīrī of Basra (circa 1100), and Ibn al-Ashtarkūwī al-Saraqusṭī (1126-1138), and the Hebrew maqāmāt of Yehudah al-Ḥarizi (circa 1220) and Isaac Ibn Sahula (1281-1284). In exploring the ways in which Christian, Muslim, and Jewish authors from medieval and early modern Iberia represent the repentance of a rogue, my study not only sheds light on the important commonalities that these religious and literary traditions share, but also illuminates the particular questions that these picaresque and proto-picaresque texts raise within their respective religious, political and cultural milieux. The ambiguity that characterizes the conversion narrative of a seemingly irredeemable rogue, I argue, provides these medieval and early modern writers with an ideal framework to address pressing problems such as controversies regarding free will and predestination, the legitimacy of claims to religious and political authority, and the understanding of social and religious marginality.<br>Comparative Literature

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O'Sullivan, Emer. "Comparative children's literature /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018910995&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Mattson, Christina Phillips. "Children's Literature Grows Up." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467335.

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Children’s Literature Grows Up proposes that there is a revolution occurring in contemporary children’s fiction that challenges the divide that has long existed between literature for children and literature for adults. Children’s literature, though it has long been considered worthy of critical inquiry, has never enjoyed the same kind of extensive intellectual attention as adult literature because children’s literature has not been considered to be serious literature or “high art.” Children’s Literature Grows Up draws upon recent scholarship about the thematic transformations occurring in the category, but demonstrates that there is also an emerging aesthetic and stylistic sophistication in recent works for children that confirms the existence of children’s narratives that are equally complex, multifaceted, and worthy of the same kind of academic inquiry that is afforded to adult literature. This project investigates the history of children’s literature in order to demonstrate the way that children’s literature and adult literature have, at different points in history, grown closer or farther apart, explores the reasons for this ebb and flow, and explains why contemporary children’s literature marks a reunification of the two categories. Employing J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter novels as a its primary example, Children’s Literature Grows Up demonstrates that this new kind of contemporary children’s fiction is a culmination of two traditions: the tradition of the readerly children’s book and the tradition of the writerly adult novel. With the fairy tales, mythologies, legends, and histories that contemporary writers weave into their texts, contemporary fictions for children incorporate previous defining characteristics of children’s fantasy literature and tap into our cultural memory; with their sophisticated style, complex narrative strategies, and focus on characterization, these new fictions display the realism and seriousness of purpose which have become the adult novel’s defining features. Children’s Literature Grows Up thus concludes that contemporary children’s fiction’s power comes from the way in which it combines story and art by bringing together both the children’s literature tradition and the tradition of the adult novel, as well as the values to which they are allied. Contemporary writers for children therefore raise the stakes of their narratives and change the tradition by moving beyond the expected conventions of their category.<br>Comparative Literature

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Sham, Hok-man Desmond, and 岑學敏. "Sinophone comparative literature: problems, politics and possibilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182530.

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Sham, Hok-man Desmond. "Sinophone comparative literature problems, politics and possibilities /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182530.

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Li, Shunxing. "Utopia, where East and West meet : a comparative study of hybrid utopias in twentieth-century Chinese and western literature /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6679.

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Kattemalavadi, Chinmayi. "(An) Unsettled Commons| Narrative and Trauma after 9/11." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261366.

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<p> This dissertation examines fictional responses to the events of September 11, 2001. It argues for the importance of one kind of fictional response, one which focuses on representing the feeling of "unsettledness" that can be one effect of trauma, with the aim of making that unsettledness itself a locus of a shared common experience. I posit that in articulating the events of 9/11 in the context of, in relation to, and as one in a series of traumas, violences, and histories, these narratives make the unsettlements shareable. Focusing on four works of fiction that were published after 9/11—Joseph O’Neill’s <i>Netherland</i>, Junot Díaz’s <i> The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (Oscar Wao)</i>, Teju Cole’s <i> Open City</i>, and Jennifer Egan’s <i>A Visit From the Goon Squad (Goon Squad)</i>—I explore representations of the effects of and the attempts to cope with traumatic experiences including 9/11 itself.</p><p>

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Giaccardi, Chiara. "Advertising on television : a comparative sociosemiological analysis." Thesis, University of Kent, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303325.

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Sung, Ho Yeon. "A Comparative Study of Shao Xunmei's Poetry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392984862.

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Books on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

1

The anatomies of roguery: A comparative study in the origins and the nature of picaresque literature. Garland Pub., 1987.

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2

The Russianization of Gil Blas: A study in literary appropriation. Slavica Publishers, 1986.

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Valentin, Jean Marie. Französischer "Roman comique" und deutscher Schelmenroman. Westdeutscher Verlag, 1992.

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Martino, Alberto. Le metamorfosi del Pícaro: La ricezione della picaresca nell'area di lingua tedesca (1555/1562-1753) : saggi di storia sociale e comparata della letteratura. Fabrizio Serra Editore, 2013.

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Comparative children's literature. Routledge, 2005.

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Enani, M. M. Comparative moments: Essays in comparative literature. GEBO, 1996.

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name, No. Comparative literature and comparative cultural studies. Purdue University Press, 2003.

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Companion to comparative literature, world literature, and comparative cultural studies. Cambridge University Press India, Foundation Books, 2013.

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Majumdar, Swapan. Comparative literature: Indian dimensions. Papyrus, 1987.

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Re-visioning comparative literature. Authorspress, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

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Hart, Jonathan. "Comparative Literature." In Literature, Theory, History. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230339583_2.

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Gifford, Henry. "Comparative studies at the university." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-5.

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Gifford, Henry. "The mind of Europe." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-3.

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Gifford, Henry. "Notes on translation." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-4.

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Gifford, Henry. "The education of a modern poet." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-1.

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Gifford, Henry. "National accent and tradition." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-2.

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Gifford, Henry. "American literature—the special case." In Comparative Literature. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091837-6.

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Keuschnigg, Mirela. "Literature Overview." In Comparative Advantage in International Trade. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50212-5_8.

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Morency, Jean. "Québécois Literature and American Literature." In The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative North American Literature. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137413901_8.

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Ning, Wang, and César Domínguez. "Comparative literature and translation." In Benjamins Translation Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.126.14nin.

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Conference papers on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

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Hou, Ying. "Research on the Teaching of Comparative Literature." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesame-18.2018.15.

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Soomro, Mansoor. "Generalist Versus Specialist Ceo: A Comparative Literature Review." In 13th Asian Academy of Management International Conference 2019. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.64.

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Wang, Lun. "The Essence of Literary Translation in Comparative Literature." In 8th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Management Society (EMIM 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emim-18.2018.79.

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Breil, Bernhard, Lisanne Kremer, Adel Taweel, and Thomas Lux. "A Comparative Literature Analysis of the Health Informatics Curricula." In 2018 IEEE/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2018.8612821.

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Chzhan, Cincyan. "Theme of love comparative analysis in Western and Chinese literature." In VIII International applied research conference, chair Sergey Petrovich Tolkachev. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-91312.

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Yongrong, Du. "Rethinking the feminist literature under the influence of Chinese ideology and culture from the perspective of Comparative Literature." In 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210806.196.

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"Academic Standards and rules of Schools for Talented Students in Asian Countries, A comparative study." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Economics. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0114003.

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Sara, Mesrar, and Marghoubi Rabiaa. "IS/IT performance measurement system: Literature review and a comparative study." In 2016 International Conference on Information Technology for Organizations Development (IT4OD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/it4od.2016.7479283.

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Jebbor, Sara, Abdellatif El Afia, Raddouane Chiheb, and Fatima Ouzayd. "Comparative analysis of drug supply and inventory management methods literature review." In 2016 4th IEEE International Colloquium on Information Science and Technology (CIST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cist.2016.7805036.

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Ali, Mawal, and Mahmoud O. Elish. "A Comparative Literature Survey of Design Patterns Impact on Software Quality." In 2013 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579460.

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Reports on the topic "Picaresque literature Literature, Comparative Literature, Comparative"

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Tellis, D. A. Australian geoscience literature - subject distribution and comparative use. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193971.

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Tugba, Sam. Intercultural communication problems of Nigerian students in the Portland Metropolitan Area : a comparative study of a review of literature and personal interviews. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5299.

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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.

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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, et al. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.

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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.

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