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Journal articles on the topic 'Picea abies (L.) Karst'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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1

KR, Rożkowski. "Breeding value of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 1 (2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4596-jfs.

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This is the first report on measurements and observations of an experimental plot of 35-year-old Norway spruce, established in 1970 by the Institute of Dendrology at K&oacute;rnik, where progenies of 22 plustrees from the Kłodzko Forest District were planted. The experiment was established in an incomplete block design of 20 families with 3 replications. Survival rate and growth traits determining productivity (plant height or basal area &ndash; stem cross-sectional area at breast height per 1&nbsp;ha) were assessed in several years, and qualitative traits (trunk straightness; degree of natural pruning; thickness, length and angle of branches; crown density; presence of galls caused by the aphids Adelges laricis Vall. and Sacchiphantes viridis Ratz.) were evaluated once in 2001. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the half-sib families in survival rate and productivity but no significant differences in qualitative traits. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between trunk straightness at the age of<br />&nbsp;36 years and height of 2-year-old seedlings in the nursery, and between the degree of natural pruning at the age of 36 years and both tree height at the age of 9 years and basal area at the age of 13 years.

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2

Кищенко, И. Т. "СЕЗОННЫЙ РОСТ PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. И PICEA ABIES L. (KARST.) В ТАЁЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ (КАРЕЛИЯ)". Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, № 3(47) (18 листопада 2020): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827.2020.3.32.

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Цель исследований − изучение сезонного роста деревьев Pinus sylvestris и Picea abies. Задачи – установить зависимость интенсивности и продолжительности формирования хвои, стеблей и стволов от температуры воздуха. Исследования показали, что первыми (в мае) трогаются в рост стебли, через 1–4 недели появляется молодая хвоя и начинается деление клеток камбия стволов. Кульминация роста вегетативных органов происходит в следующем порядке: стебли, стволы и хвоя. Установлено влияние температуры воздуха на динамику формирования изучаемых органов. The authors studied the peculiarities of seasonal growth of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies during three vegetation periods in the zone of coniferous forests (Northwest Russia). The length of stems of shoots of the second order of branching from the southwestern part of the crown was measured at a height of about 2 m from the moment of swelling of vegetative buds. The length of needles was measured every 5 days from the moment of budding of vegetative buds until the complete cessation of growth (at the base of the same auxiblasts). To study the seasonal radial increment of trunk wood of each accounting tree, wood samples were taken every 5 days after the start of cambium activity. Results. The studies showed that the growth of vegetative organs of the studied species began according to a particular progression. In May, stems start to grow. In 1-4 weeks after that, new needles appear, and division of cells of cambium of trunks starts. Culmination of growth goes in the following order: stems, trunks, needles. At first, growth of stems ceases, than needles stop to grow and, at last, trunks. In comparison with Picea abies, growth of stems, needles and trunks of Pinus sylvestris begins 16, 15, 6 days earlier. Culmination of growth begins 30, 15, 11 days earlier. Growth of stems for both species ceases simultaneously. Growth of needles and trunks for Pinus sylvestris trees ceases 10 and 11 days earlier, in comparison with Picea abies. Growth of stems, needles and trunks of Pinus sylvestris begins and reaches its peak at the air temperature lower by 4-6 °С and the sum of positive temperatures lower by 100-500 °С than for Picea abies. The air temperature regime at the end of the vegetative organ growth period is almost equal. The period of Pinus sylvestris stems, needles and trunks forming is larger for 17, 9 and 24 days in comparison with Picea abies. Conclusion. The study showed that Pinus sylvestris was better adapted to the severe conditions of the taiga in comparison with Picea abies.

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3

Vantenkova, I. V., and I. T. Kischenko. "Seasonal growth of Picea abies L. Karst. In northern Karelia." Resources and Technology, no. 5 (2005): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2005.1922.

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4

Masternak, Katarzyna, Monika Zielińska, and Janusz Sabor. "Isoenzyme polymorphism and growth of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] provenances on the IPTNS-IUFRO 1964/68 experimental site in Krynica." Forest Research Papers 72, no. 1 (2011): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10111-011-0008-7.

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5

Holovchak, A. V., та Ya V. Malenko. "ВИДОВИЙ СКЛАД ХВОЙНИХ РОСЛИН ЗЕЛЕНИХ НАСАДЖЕНЬ МЕТАЛУРГIЙНОГО ТА ДОВГИНЦIВСЬКОГО РАЙОНIВ МIСТА КРИВИЙ РIГ". Екологічний вісник Криворіжжя 6 (9 грудня 2021): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/eco-bulletin-krd.v6i0.4562.

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Площа та якiсний стан зелених насаджень визнанiмiжнародним iндикатором вiдповiдностi iнфраструктури мiста принципамсталого розвитку. Багатофункцiональнiсть зелених насаджень визначаєїх архiважливе, стратегiчне значення в галузi благоустрою промисловихмiст завдяки здатностi нейтралiзувати та зменшувати несприятливийвплив рiзних факторiв антропного i техногенного походження, створюватикомфортнi умови для вiдпочинку, забезпечувати конституцiйнi правагромадян на життя у сприятливому середовищi. Особлива роль у складiзелених насаджень мiста належить хвойним видам. Бiологiчнi, екологiчнi,санiтарно-гiгiєнiчнi, декоративнi особливостi та властивостi цих рослинвизначають їх високу господарську цiннiсть, є передумовою актуальностiпроведення деталiзованих дослiджень, спрямованих на комплексневивчення таксономiчного фонду Хвойних зелених насаджень певногофункцiонального призначення конкретних районiв мiста Кривий Рiг iзметою їх оптимiзацiї.Дослiдження таксономiчного складу хвойних рослин реалiзованi в межахзелених насаджень загального й обмеженого користування. Пiд часвиконання роботи обстежено 33 дiлянки Металургiйного та 25 дiлянокопису Довгинцiвського адмiнiстративно-територiальних районiв мiста.Результати аналiзу демонструють вузький спектр видiв хвойних рослин,що використовуються в озелененнi. Так, у межах дiлянок дослiдженнязареєстровано лише 10 видiв хвойних, що є представниками 6 родiвi 3 родин. Бiльш рiзноманiтним за асортиментом є склад зеленихнасаджень загального користування, де зустрiчаються гнiздовi групиз Picea abies (L.) Karst., Thuja occidentalis L., Pinus sylvestris L.,наявнi алеї з Picea abies (L.) Karst. та Picea pungens Engelm., Pinussylvestris L. На територiях закладiв охорони здоров’я наявнi груповiпосадки з Thuja occidentalis L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. та Picea pungensEngelm., Pinus sylvestris L. Слiд зауважити, що в зелених насадженняхобмеженого користування, розташованих на територiях закладiв охорониздоров’я, хвойнi, навiть у невеликiй кiлькостi таксонiв, присутнi завжди.Найменше рiзноманiття видiв зареєстровано у складi зелених насадженьобмеженого користування закладiв освiти. Найбiльшого поширеннянабули представники родин Pinaceae та Cupressaceae, зафiксованi взелених насадженнях рiзного функцiонального призначення.Аналiз результатiв дослiджень засвiдчує потребу розширення асортиментухвойних рослин зелених насаджень загального й обмеженого користуванняза рахунок вже адаптованих до специфiчних умов промислового регiонувидiв iз використанням можливостей конiферетуму Криворiзькогоботанiчного саду НАН України. Перспективними для озеленення можнавважати: Cryptomeria japonica Thunb. ex L.f., Juniperus squamata Lamb.,Juniperus procumbens, Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana, Pseudotsuga menziessii(Mirb.) Franco., Рinus strobus L., Abies alba Mill., Picea оmorica (Panc.)Purkyne, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Parl.

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6

Capek, Peter, Juraj Alföldi, and Desana Lišková. "An acetylated galactoglucomannan from Picea abies L. Karst." Carbohydrate Research 337, no. 11 (2002): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00090-3.

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7

Karczmarski, Jan, and Celina Bryniarska. "Inventory and stage structure of two upper subalpine primary spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] forests in the Jarząbcza and Pyszniańska valleys (Tatra National Park)." Forest Research Papers 73, no. 1 (2012): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10111-012-0005-5.

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8

Jiao, Long, Xiaofei Wang, Shan Bing, Zhiwei Xue, and Hua Li. "QSPR study on the photolysis half-life of PCDD/Fs adsorbed on spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needle surfaces under sunlight irradiation by using a molecular distance-edge vector index." RSC Advances 5, no. 9 (2015): 6617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14178d.

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9

I.V., Makogon, and Korshikov I.I. "Quality of pollen of norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) under conditions of introduction on the South-East of Ukraine." Plant Introduction 48 (December 1, 2010): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2546917.

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The results of long term investigations of the quality of pollen of <em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst. and <em>Picea pungens</em> Engelm. under conditions of introduction on the South-East of Ukraine have been presented. Periodicity and individual instability of forming of microstrobiles has been showed. It was determined that <em>P. pungens</em> has bigger pollen than <em>P. abies</em> and differs with higher viability.

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10

Kishchenko, Ivan T., and Elena S. Olkhina. "Growth of Vegetative Organs of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Anthropogenic Environment." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-59-72.

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The studies were carried out in stands of various degree of devastation: in the city, suburban forests and forests of the green zone. Recreational loads strongly affect the sanitary condition of spruce forests. The number of healthy trees decreases to 30–42 % with increasing recreational digression, while the number of declining and dead trees increases to 15–36 %. The state of tree stands in the forests of the green zone is estimated at 1.2–1.5 points, and 2.1–2.7 points in the suburban forests. No declining and dead trees were found in the forests of the green zone, and in the suburban forests their share was 15 and 36 % of the total number, respectively. Therefore, generally, spruce suburban forests are classified as weakened. Approximately 59 % of the area of suburban forests is in the III stage of recreational digression, and 19 % – in the IV stage. Growth studies of P. abies showed that the features of these processes are determined mainly by the seasonal variability of climatic factors. Studies have shown that the features of growth processes of P. abies are determined mainly by seasonal variation of meteorological factors. It was found that the earliest growth of shoots and needles begins and ends in the urban environment. The year-by-year variability in the timing of these phenophases reaches 1–2 weeks. Soil compaction as a result of recreational loads has a particularly negative effect on the intensity of tree growth and annual growth of vegetative organs. Shoots of P. abies in green forests (undisturbed stands) are longer than in suburban and urban plantations by 2–30 % and 6–17%, respectively. The longest needles (16.6–19.7 mm) are formed in the forests of the green zone. In urban plantations this value is 12.8–15.0 mm. The smallest needle packing was found in the city conditions, characterized by the maximum degree of recreational digression. Here, the annual radial increment of the trunk of P. abies under the influence of recreational loads decreases by 16–20 % compared to the forests of the green zone. The sequence in the growth phenophases does not depend on the degree of environmental disturbance. The shoots are the first to grow (in May), young needles after 1 or 2 weeks, and then the formation of wood in the lower part of the trunk begins. The sequence in stopping the growth processes is as follows: shoots, needles, trunks. For citation: Kishchenko I.T., Olkhina E.S. Growth of Vegetative Organs of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Anthropogenic Environment. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 59–72. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-59-72

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11

Daugaviete, Mudrīte, Austra Zuševica, Santa Celma, et al. "Growth Rate And Productivity Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H.Karst.) Plantations On Agricultural And Forest Land." Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 24, no. 1 (2024): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.59893/abud.24(1).005.

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Daugaviete, Mudrīte, Zuševica, Austra, Celma, Santa, Vendiņa, Viktorija, Makovskis, Kristaps, Dūmiņš, Kārlis, Štāls, Toms Artūrs (2024): Growth Rate And Productivity Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H.Karst.) Plantations On Agricultural And Forest Land. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 24 (1): 47-65, DOI: 10.59893/abud.24(1).005, URL: https://du.lv/zinatne/instituti/dzivibas-zinatnu-un-tehnologiju-instituts/zinatniskie-izdevumi/acta-biologica-universitatis-daugavpiliensis/acta-biologica-universitatis-daugavpiliensis-arhivs/acta-biologica-universitatis-daugavpiliensis-volume-24-no-1-2024/growth-rate-and-productivity-of-norway-spurce-picea-abies-l-h-karst-plantations-on-agricultural-and-forest-land/

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12

Moroz, V. V., N. M. Stasyuk та T. P. Fedonyuk. "Особливості росту, розвитку та кліматостабілізаційне значення ялинових насаджень Українських Карпат". Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 31, № 5 (2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40310505.

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З огляду на зобов'язання, які стоять перед Україною відповідно до Паризької угоди, є нагальна потреба в обліку обсягу поглинання вуглецю й удосконаленні методичних підходів до кліматостабілізаційної здатності деревних рослин. Для цього здійснено низку наукових досліджень, які охоплювали визначення особливостей росту та приросту за діаметром ялинових лісових насаджень в Українських Карпатах за лісогосподарськими округами: Прикарпатському, Гірськокарпатському і Закарпатських рівнин і передгір'я. Під час аналізу запропоновано математичні залежності розвитку ялини європейської (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) за висотою, діаметром та віком дерева. За емпіричними рівняннями встановлено, що ялина європейська краще росте у Гірськокарпатському лісогосподарському окрузі. У зазначеному окрузі висота ялини вища на 7 %, ніж у Передкарпатському округу і на 16 %, ніж у Закарпатському окрузі. Також встановлено, що у Гірськокарпатському лісогосподарському окрузі діаметр ялини є більшим за Передкарпатський на 2 %, а за Закарпатський на 1 %. За допомогою пакету аналізу даних Microsoft Excel побудовано кореляційні матриці, за допомогою яких встановлено тісні взаємозв'язки між такими показниками, як вік, висота, діаметр і фітомаса окремих фракцій дерева. Здійснено регресійний і дисперсний аналізи та отримано математичні залежності, за допомогою яких встановлено біологічну продуктивність Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. в Українських Карпатах. За методиками IPCC (Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change, 2015), П. І. Лакиди (2002), G. Matthews (1993) і І. Я. Лієпи (1980) визначено вуглецепоглинальну та киснетвірну здатність ялини європейської у віці 70 років на площі 1 га за умов Українських Карпат. Визначено, що на площі 1 га ялинові насадження найбільше поглинають вуглець – 93,9 т, і виробляють кисень – 276,8 т в окрузі Закарпатських рівнин і передгір'я. У Гірськокарпатському лісогосподарському окрузі Picea abies (L.) H. Karst поглинає 85,9 т вуглецю і виробляє 253,1 т кисню, а в Прикарпатському – 67,1 і 197,7 т відповідно. Проаналізовано викиди діоксиду вуглецю в навколишнє середовище в умовах Українських Карпат за період 2010-2020 рр. З'ясовано, що за десятирічний період середній показник викидів вуглекислого газу (СО2) становив 18,6 млн т. Визначено, що ялинові насадження в повному обсязі знижують викиди діоксиду вуглецю в середовищі. Запропоновані математичні рівняння дадуть змогу здійснювати моніторинг обсягу поглинання вуглецю і продукування кисню Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. у різних лісорослинних округах Українських Карпат.

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Křepela, M. "Point distribution form model for spruce stems (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 4 (2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11868-jfs.

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The paper deals with the construction of a point distribution form model for spruce stems. This model is based on the principal components analysis of variance-covariance matrix formed for the Procrustes residuals. The calculation of full Procrustes co-ordinates, the principal components, is demonstrated on an example of a spruce experimental plot at premature age, and a point distribution model is constructed for the first three components. The parameters of the model are evaluated in relation to Konšel’s (Kraft’s) tree classes, normality of their classification is tested, maxima and minima are demonstrated on actual trees. The complete stem shape analysis of all four samples is also provided. A special model is constructed for these samples and the course of the parameters of this model is graphically represented.

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14

Černý, Martin. "Biomass of picea abies (L.) Karst. in midwestern bohemia." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 5, no. 1-4 (1990): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589009382595.

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15

Golubev, W. I., and M. A. Tomashevskaya. "Yeast fungi in Picea abies (L.) Karst. needle litter." Microbiology 79, no. 3 (2010): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002626171003015x.

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16

Vestøl, G. I., and O. A. Høibø. "Prediction of knot diameter in Picea abies (L.) Karst." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 59, no. 1-2 (2001): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050484.

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17

Latkowska, Ewa, Beata Bober, Ewelina Chrapusta, Michal Adamski, Ariel Kaminski, and Jan Bialczyk. "Secondary metabolites of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and their presence in spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) bark." Phytochemistry 118 (October 31, 2015): 116–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.016.

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Latkowska, Ewa, Bober, Beata, Chrapusta, Ewelina, Adamski, Michal, Kaminski, Ariel, Bialczyk, Jan (2015): Secondary metabolites of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and their presence in spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) bark. Phytochemistry 118: 116-123, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.016, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.016

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18

Šilingienė, Gerda, Jonas Račinskas, and Regina Vasinauskienė. "Damp Water Stream Impact For The Germination Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst.) Seeds." Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 11, no. 1 (2011): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12647484.

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Šilingienė, Gerda, Račinskas, Jonas, Vasinauskienė, Regina (2011): Damp Water Stream Impact For The Germination Of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) H. Karst.) Seeds. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 11 (1): 55-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12647484

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19

TOCCAFONDI, PAOLO, FRANCESCO BINAZZI, SALVATORE VITALE, et al. "POLYGRAPHUS POLIGRAPHUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA CURCULIONIDAE SCOLYTINAE) AND ITS ASSOCIATED FUNGAL COMMUNITY COLONIZING PICEA ABIES (L) KARST. IN THE ITALIAN APENNINES." Redia 107 (October 3, 2024): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-107.24.22.

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The ecology and distribution of P. poligraphus were investigated in several artificial spruce stands located along the Apennines. Results suggest that, in certain conditions, this species may play an active role, together with other bark beetles, in the decline of the Norway spruce Picea abies. Interestingly, in some spruce sites such as Abetone and Pratomagno, P. poligraphus was observed to colonize not only thin-diameter branches but also larger stems, being able to occupy various ecological niches on its host plants. Our findings highlighted that, this beetle, hitherto known in Italy only for some Alpine sites, was able to “follow” Picea abies in spruce formations along the Apennine ridge. That occurred in different as well as very distant and disjunct environments, with the site of Montedimezzo in “Alto Molise” (Isernia) representing the southernmost record in Italy. Moreover, Danielozyma ontarioensis a saprophyte ascomycetous yeast frequently isolated from this insect and other fungi such as Penicillium glabrum, Talaromyces rugulosus, Beauveria bassiana and Ophiostoma piceae species complex may be associated with this beetle. Key Words: Scolytinae, Norway spruce, Polygraphus poligraphus, associated fungi and yeasts, Italian peninsula

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Almqvist, Curt, Urban Bergsten, Lennart Bondesson, and Urban Eriksson. "Predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seeds using temperature data from weather stations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 10 (1998): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-139.

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In Fennoscandia, both Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) often fail to produce mature seed, especially in the northern parts of their range. Therefore, cone and seed crop predictions are of major strategic importance for maintaining sustainable multipurpose forestry. We present functions for predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seed over a wide geographic area. The functions are based on germination analyses for 1297 Pinus sylvestris and 597 Picea abies natural stands in Sweden during 1971-1994. Meteorological data from 71 weather stations were used to calculate heat sums with threshold values from 4 to 10°C and two durations of growing season (ending August 31 or September 30). Logistic regression was utilised for parameter estimates. Accumulated heat sum (threshold 5°C) from start of growing season until August 31 in combination with number of days from estimated time of fertilisation until approximate time for embryo growth cessation gave the best function. The function shows that Picea abies has lower temperature requirements for producing mature seed than Pinus sylvestris. A germination capacity of 95% is reached at a heat sum of 875 degree-days for Picea abies and at 975 degree-days for Pinus sylvestris.

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E.R., Huseynova, and Korshykov I.I. "Description of pollen of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Kryvorizhzhya plantations." Plant Introduction 76 (December 1, 2017): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2331172.

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<strong>Objective </strong> – to analyse is of pollen quality of<em> Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst. in plantations that are exposed to various aerotechnogenic pollution in the conditions of a large industrial city of the steppe zone. <strong>Material and methods. </strong>The object of the study is pollen 30–40 year old trees <em>P. abies</em> of nine plantings, eight of which were selected nearly the entire length of Kryviy Rih (120 km) with different levels of pollution and one – outside (control). <strong>Results.</strong> It has been established that the highest viability (79.9 %), fertility (86.3 %) and a maximum size of pollen grains from plants characterized by non-urban spaces, and the lowest (48.3 and 46.5 % respectively) – in tree plantations at industrial enterprises "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih" pollen which had a minimum size. We have identified a wide range of teratomorfic changes of abnormal pollen and abnormal pollen tubes at germination in the laboratory. General pattern was observed: decreasing quality and increasing the number of abnormal pollen in plants <em>P. abies</em>, affected by vehicle exhaust and emissions of the metallurgical enterprises Kryviy Rih. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> It’s proposed to use the frequency of abnormalities of the pollen and pollen tubes <em>P. abies</em> to indicate aerotechnogenic pollution in the industrial cities of Ukraine.

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Elena N, Nakvasina, Demina Nadezhda A, and Prozherina Nadezhda A. "Evaluation of survival and growth of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. provenances in the north of Russia." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 9 (2017): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/74/2017-jfs.

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Adaptation variability and ecological plasticity in the “genotype-environment” system of 22 provenances of Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Picea obovata (von Ledebour) and their introgressive hybrids growing within the Russian Plain were studied. Provenances grow in provenance trials located in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda Regions, and Komi Republic. For assessment of provenances in the “genotype-environment” system, the ranking method was used. Based on a complex ranking index (survival, diameter, height) two local areas of the most adaptive geographic races of P. abies, P. obovata and their hybrid forms were distinguished. In the south-western part of the Russian Plain the best provenances are represented by P. abies and related hybrids from Karelia, Vologda, Leningrad, and Pskov Regions. In the north-eastern part they are represented by P. obovata and its hybrids from the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk Regions. Provenances of local P. abies and related hybrid forms demonstrate high ecological plasticity on their growing in harsh climatic conditions of the north outside of the species distribution area.

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Ballian, Dalibor. "GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FORESTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 40, no. 2 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2010.v40.i2.145.

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UDK 582.475:575.2(497.6) 582.916.16:575.2(497.6) This paper presents research of genetic variability of forest trees in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Three species have been analyzed (Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)) using different methods. The most detailed analyses have been performed on Silver fir. All applied methods have demonstrated high degree of genetic diversity.

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Křepela, M., D. Zahradník, and J. Sequens. "Possible methods of Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) stem shape description." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 6 (2012): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4560-jfs.

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The paper shows a possibility of using Bookstein coordinates for stem shape studies. Bookstein coordinates are simplified to stem shape diameters, for which tests of multidimensional normality, variance-covariance matrix homogeneity, equality of mean shape vectors and principal component calculation are carried out in sample plots Doubravčice 1 and &Scaron;t&iacute;hlice. Principal components are also calculated for Procrustes tangent coordinates, presented in graphs, and the plots are compared. Doubravčice 1 and &Scaron;t&iacute;hlice plots differ especially in age (70 and 30 years) while they do not differ in tree class representation.

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Kishchenko, IT, and MA Tikhova. "Morphology and viability of pollen grains of Picea L. species in the conditions of introduction." Arctic Environmental Research 19, no. (2) (2019): 75–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/issn2541-8416.2019.19.2.75.

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Research was carried out in the Botanical garden of Petrozavodsk state University, located on the Northern shore of the Petrozavodsk Bay of lake Onega (middle taiga subzone, 61°47' n). during two vegetation periods. The objects of study served as an indigenous species Picea abies (L.) Karst, and two introduced species – Picea pungens Engelm. f. glauca Regel. Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britton et al. Age and height of Picea abies – respectively 47 years and 16 m, Picea pungens – 36 years and 12 m, Picea canadensis – 22 years and 6 m. Morphological characteristics of pollen grains were estimated by the following morphometric characteristics: diameter, length of pollen grain, polar axis, height of pollen grain with air bags, area of pollen grain projection, perimeter, form factor and eccentricity. The study of statistical characteristics of samples allowed us to establish that the accuracy rate in determining the arithmetic mean values of the morphometric parameters under study is quite high and varies by species from 0.7 to 3.5%.The pollen grains of the studied species were found to be bag-shaped or wide-ellipsoid. Their outline from the pole is elliptical, from the equator it is wide-trapezoid. The colour of the grains is yellow, the surface of the body is lumpy, and the bags are rough. The pollen grains of the aboriginal Picea abies species are 3–20 % larger than those of the introduced species. The size of the Picea pungens pollen exceeds that of Picea canadensis by 4–48 %. There is a fairly strong linear relationship between individual morphometric parameters of a pollen grain (r = 0.5–0.8). The viability of the pollen of the aboriginal Picea abies species in South Karelia is about twice as high as that of the introduced species of Picea canadensis and Picea pungens.

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Godbold, D. L. "Cadmium uptake in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings." Tree Physiology 9, no. 3 (1991): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/9.3.349.

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Karácsonyi, Štefan, Vladimı́r Pätoprstý, and Marta Kubačková. "Structural study on arabinogalactan–proteins from Picea abies L. Karst." Carbohydrate Research 307, no. 3-4 (1998): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00052-4.

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Kreutzer, K., and J. Bittersohl. "Stoffauswaschung aus Fichtenkronen (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) durch saure Beregung." Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 105, no. 1 (1986): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02741743.

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Peschke, G., M. Rothe, J. Scholz, Christina Seidler, M. Vogel, and W. Zentsch. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Wasserhaushalt von Fichten [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]." Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 114, no. 1 (1995): 326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02742237.

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30

Kull, O., and A. Koppel. "SEASONAL CHANGES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF PICEA ABIES (L.) KARST." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Ecology 2, no. 1 (1992): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/ecol.1992.1.03.

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Eklund, L., and A. Tiltu. "Cambial activity in 'normal' spruce Picea abies Karst (L.) and snake spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst f. virgata (Jacq.) Rehd in response to ethylene." Journal of Experimental Botany 50, no. 338 (1999): 1489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/50.338.1489.

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32

Strack, Dieter, Jürgen Heilemann, Eva-Susan Klinkott, and Victor Wray. "Cell wall-bound phenolics from norway spruce (picea abies) needles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 1-2 (1988): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-1-210.

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Insoluble phenolics have been isolated and identified from Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] KARST.) needles as cell wall-bound astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside) and p-coumaric acid as major components, and ferulic acid as a minor one. They probably mainly occur as lignincarbohydrate complexes

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33

Papp, Nóra, Dragica Purger, Szilvia Czigle, et al. "The Importance of Pine Species in the Ethnomedicine of Transylvania (Romania)." Plants 11, no. 18 (2022): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182331.

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The geographical and ecological features of Transylvania enable the wide ethnobotanical use of pine species. The aim of this study was to survey the current ethnomedicinal and other traditional use of pine species of Hungarian-speaking ethnic groups in Transylvania and to compare them with earlier reports performed in Transylvania and from other countries related to the Carpathian Basin. Information on pine species was obtained using semi-structured interviews with 515 Transylvanian informants from 18 villages in the period 2007–2019. The young shoots of Abies alba Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold, and Pinus sylvestris L. were applied to treat respiratory diseases, while the resin was used for dental problems. Syrup and decoction were made from the cones of all species, except Abies alba. Picea abies was the most frequently documented with seven preparations from different parts (even needles), and this species was mentioned in the treatment of 21 diseases. The least recorded was Abies alba, which was applied for coughs and decayed teeth. We recorded the use of the cones and needles of Picea abies for dyspnoea, thyroid glands, and kidney disorders, previously unknown in ethnomedicinal literature. Our data on the pine species confirm their current use and significance in Transylvania.

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Федорчак, Ельвіра Рафіківна. "МОНІТОРИНГ ХВОЙНИХ НАСАДЖЕНЬ ПАРКУ «ШАХТАРСЬКИЙ» МІСТА КРИВИЙ РІГ". Природнича освіта та наука, № 1 (20 лютого 2025): 102–8. https://doi.org/10.32782/nser/2025-1.17.

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У статті представлені результати моніторингового обстеження хвойних рослин парку «Шахтарський» у місті Кривий Ріг. Нами проаналізовано видове різноманіття цих інтродуцентів, проведено порівняння біометричних показників хвойних дерев та оцінено їх життєвий стан через 14 років після первинного обстеження. Всього нами досліджено 378 хвойних рослин, серед яких найчастіше зустрічаються Picea abies L. Karst. (30,16% від загальної кількості хвойних дерев), Picea pungens ‘Glauca’ Beissn. (26,98%), Pinus pallasiana Lamb. (16,93%), Thuja occidentalis L. (16,93%), Picea pungens Engelm. (6,61%), Pinus sylvestris L. (2,39%). У парку трапляються різноманітні типи насаджень хвойних рослин: поодинокі, рядові, групові та куртинні. Більшість хвойних рослин на території парку є середньовіковими (31–40 років), а найменша кількість – старовіковими (51–60 років).Встановлено, що найчисельнішою виявилась група рослин висотою від 8,1 до 16,0 м та діаметром стовбуру дерев від 10,1 до 40,0 см, що становить відповідно 61,64% та 75,66% від загальної кількості хвойних рослин. Найменша кількість дерев належить до групи, висота та діаметр яких коливались в межах 1,0–4,0 м та 50,1–60,0 см, що становить відповідно 4,76% та 2,38% від усієї кількості хвойних рослин. Серед найвищих дерев (заввишки 16,1 м та діаметром стовбура більше 50,1 см) переважали Picea pungens ‘Glauca’, Picea abies та Pinus pallasiana. Відзначено, збільшення приросту висоти дерев та діаметру їх стовбуру через 14 років у Picea abies на 4,86 м та 5,98 см; Picea pungens ‘Glauca’ 2,62 м та 4,46 см; Pinus pallasiana 2,11 м та 4,17 см відповідно. За шкалою життєвого стану переважна більшість хвойних рослин в парку «Шахтарський» належить до категорії «здорові дерева» – 84,13%, кількість ослаблих дерев становить 7,14%, сильно ослаблих – 4,50%. Частка суховершинних дерев складає 4,23%. Найчутливішими щодо уражень шкідниками та хворобами були дерева Pinus pallasiana та Pinus sylvestris. Найвищі показники життєвого стану мають Thuja occidentalis, Picea abies, Picea pungens та її культивар ‘Glauca’. За підсумками досліджень надано рекомендації щодо покращання стану хвойних насаджень в парку.

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Raber, Alexandra G., Reuben J. Peachey-Stoner, Stephen G. Cessna, and Matthew S. Siderhurst. "Headspace GC-MS analysis of differences in intra- and interspecific Terpene profiles of Picea pungens Engelm. and P. abies (L.) Karst." Phytochemistry 181 (January 31, 2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112541.

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Raber, Alexandra G., Peachey-Stoner, Reuben J., Cessna, Stephen G., Siderhurst, Matthew S. (2021): Headspace GC-MS analysis of differences in intra- and interspecific Terpene profiles of Picea pungens Engelm. and P. abies (L.) Karst. Phytochemistry (112541) 181: 1-13, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112541, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112541

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Bermadinger, E., D. Grill, and P. Golob. "The different influence of magnesite emissions on the surface waxes of Norway spruce and silver fir." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 1 (1988): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-019.

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The difference in vigour between Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill, in an area exposed to fine dust containing MgO is reflected in scanning electron microscope studies of the needle surfaces. The greater vitality of the silver fir is correlated with intact wax structures and a somewhat lower dust load. In contrast, the spruce reveals a marked effect on the epicuticular wax by a heavy fine-dust load. Possible causes and physiological consequences are discussed.

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Parzych, Agnieszka, Sergej Mochnacký, Zbigniew Sobisz, Nora Polláková, and Vladimír Šimanský. "Needles and bark of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst and Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk. as bioindicators of environmental quality." Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, no. 4 (2018): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0024.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of the research on the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in needles and bark of Picea abies and Picea omorika. In this research, the age of the needles and the content of the examined components in the soil were taken into account. The research was conducted within the area of the forest at the University botanic garden in Košice (Slovakia). The little acidification of the soil that was found under the spruce crowns slightly changed with the depth (0.0–0.2 m, 0.2–0.4 m, 0.4–0.6 m). Under the stand of P. abies, a lower content of organic matter was demonstrated, than under the trees of P. omorika. The tested soil samples were low in nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and sufficiently rich in potassium and magnesium. The spruce needles were dominated by macroelements, and their concentrations varied depending on age and species. Both P. abies and P. omorika needles were acidic, with 1-year-old needles showing higher acidity. Low nitrogen content in the needles of the studied spruce was found, and the N:P ratio did not exceed 3.5. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of N, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 1-year-old needles and pH, N, P, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 2-yearold needles of spruces. The results also indicate that the bark of the studied spruce is acidic, with pH values of 4.70 (P. abies) and 4.15 (P. omorika). The P. abies bark accumulates higher amounts of Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu and Mn, and the P. omorika bark accumulates more N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Cd. The research indicates that both spruce species barks are suitable for comparative studies on bioindication of environment quality.

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Pankow, W., M. Niederer, U. Wieser, B. Schmid, T. Boller, and A. Wiemken. "Field study of mycorrhizal activity in spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst)." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 28, no. 1-4 (1990): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90065-l.

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39

Beyschlag, Wolfram, Frauke Kresse, Ronald J. Ryel, and Hardy Pfanz. "Stomatal patchiness in conifers: experiments with Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill." Trees 8, no. 3 (1994): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00196637.

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Lorenc, František, Jan Lubojacký, and Tomáš Tonka. "Influence of mycorrhizal preparation on seedling growth and Armillaria infestation." Journal of Forest Science 67, No. 4 (2021): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/198/2020-jfs.

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The influence of three types of treatment on seedling survival percentage, growth and Armillaria infestation of Fagus sylvatica L. (FAGUS), Abies alba Mill. (ABIES) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (PICEA) seedlings were tested in this study: (i) inoculation with the Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation containing ectomycorrhizal fungi (INOCUL), (ii) Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation + Conavit<sup>®</sup> fertilizer (INOCUL + FERTILIZ) and (iii) the untreated group (CONTROL). The selected sample contained 100 seedlings per each tree species and treatment type (900 seedlings in total). Besides that, 18 months after planting, 10 living seedlings per each species and treatment (90 seedlings in total) were sampled to evaluate root dry mass and Armillaria infestation. The data were statistically evaluated by frequency analysis, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. The overall seedling survival percentage was very low, probably due to extreme drought and high temperatures, with significantly lower results for the ABIES INOCUL + FERTILIZ and PICEA INOCUL + FERTILIZ groups. All tested growth characteristics (seedling height increment, root collar diameter increment, seedling shoot dry weight, root dry mass) were significantly higher in PICEA seedlings. Root collar diameter increment showed significant differences within each species and inconsistent results. Armillaria was detected only in the PICEA CONTROL group as rhizomorphs identified as A. ostoyae. The results suggest that the artificial mycorrhizal preparation can be an efficient method of preventing Armillaria infestation, especially in spruce seedlings.

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Мегалінська Г. П., Пакірбаєва Л. В., Білик Ж. І., Даниленко Є. В. та Гатальська Є. О. "ФІТОТОКСИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ДЕЯКИХ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН". World Science 1, № 3(43) (2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31032019/6404.

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   The results of the study of phytotoxic effects of water extracts from Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth, Quercus robur L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. P. excelsa Link, Carpinus betulus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus tremula L., Crataegus submollis L. are presented. For а comparison of the phytotoxic activity of the investigated plants was used to measure the change in the intensity of the mitotic division, depending on the concentration of aqueous extraction of plant material (tangent trend curve of cytostatic activity). According to this parameter, the following row of phytotoxic activity of wood species can be ordered: Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Pinus sylvestris. Water extract Quercus robur and Picea abies have discovered a phyto-stimulating effect. The results of the study allow us to discuss the possibility of introducing the parameter of the phytotoxicity coefficient to determine the allelopathic effect in the tree-tree system.  

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Kainulainen, P., J. Oksanen, V. Palomäki, J. K. Holopainen, and T. Holopainen. "Effect of drought and waterlogging stress on needle monoterpenes of Picea abies." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (1992): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-203.

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Monoterpenes were analysed in needles of clonal Picea abies (L.) Karst. exposed to drought and waterlogging. In drought-stressed trees the amounts of tricyclene, α-pinene, and camphene were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the control trees. In the drought treatment the total terpene concentration was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher. Waterlogging did not have significant effects on individual terpenes and total terpene concentration. However, multivariate redundancy analysis indicated that the effect of treatments on all the compounds simultaneously was not significant (p = 0.12). These results are discussed in terms of their potential impact on preferential selection of host plant by insects. Key words: drought, needles, Picea abies, terpenes, waterlogging.

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Orlova, L., and A. Egorov. "To the systematics and geographical distribution of Finnish spruce (Picea fennica (Regel) Kom., Pinaceae)." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 42 (2011): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2011.42.5.

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The history of study, distinctive morphological traits of vegetative and reproductive organs, and geographical distribution of Picea fennica (Regel) Kom. and closely related P. abies (L.) H. Karst. and P. obovata Ledeb. are presented. It was shown that Finnish spruce occurs in two main forms: close to P. abies and to P. obovata. Also distinguished there is an intermediate form of P. fennica with intermediate traits in the cone morphology, but more similar to P. obovata by vegetative features. Some regularities in geographical distribution of this intermediate form were revealed.

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Agnieszka, Parzych, Mochnacký Sergej, Sobisz Zbigniew, Polláková Nora та Šimanský Vladimír. "Needles and bark of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst and Picea omorika (Pancˇiç) Purk. as bioindicators of environmental quality". FOLIA FORESTALIA POLONICA, SERIES A – FORESTRY 60, № 4 (2018): 230–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0024.

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The paper presents the results of the research on the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in needles and bark of<em> Picea abies</em> and<em> Picea omorika</em>. In this research, the age of the needles and the content of the examined components in the soil were taken into account. The research was conducted within the area of the forest at the University botanic garden in Ko&scaron;ice (Slovakia). The little acidification of the soil that was found under the spruce crowns slightly changed with the depth (0.0–0.2 m, 0.2–0.4 m, 0.4–0.6 m). Under the stand of <em>P. abies</em>, a lower content of organic matter was demonstrated, than under the trees of <em>P. omorika</em>. The tested soil samples were low in nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and sufficiently rich in potassium and magnesium. The spruce needles were dominated by macroelements, and their concentrations varied depending on age and species. Both <em>P. abies</em> and<em> P. omorika </em>needles were acidic, with 1-year-old needles showing higher acidity. Low nitrogen content in the needles of the studied spruce was found, and the N:P ratio did not exceed 3.5. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of N, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 1-year-old needles and pH, N, P, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Cd in 2-year-old needles of spruces. The results also indicate that the bark of the studied spruce is acidic, with pH values of 4.70 (<em>P. abies</em>) and 4.15 (<em>P. omorika</em>). The<em> P. abies</em> bark accumulates higher amounts of Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu and Mn, and the<em> P. omorika</em> bark accumulates more N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Cd. The research  indicates that both spruce species barks are suitable for comparative studies on bioindication of environment quality.

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45

Elena, N. Nakvasina, G. Volkov Alexey, and A. Prozherina Nadezhda. "Provenance experiment with spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea obovata (Ledeb.)) in the North of Russia (Arkhangelsk region)." FOLIA FORESTALIA POLONICA, SERIES A – FORESTRY 59, no. 3 (2017): 219–30. https://doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2017-0023.

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This research presents the variability in the survival and growth for 27 provenances of spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst. and <em>Picea obovata</em> (Ledeb.)). All the tests were carried out in Russia, Arkhangelsk region, 62º 54’ N, 40º 24’ E, in the northernmost site of the State Geographic Network, established in 1977. For the research on the spruce provenances, standard methods for studying the geographic variation of the main forest-forming species were used. Growth rates of provenances were correlated with their geographical coordinates and climatic characteristics. Data was expressed in standard deviation units to select the best in growth provenances. Despite the significant differences in the location of the original stands (up to 12º N and 37º E), variability in survival, height and diameter is low (coefficient of variation is 12.2–19.0%). Obtained data indicated that provenances’ growth is correlated on longitude of the location rather than on the latitude. Diameter and average height of provenances significantly depend on annual rainfall. The height of provenance is mostly dependent on the location of the initial habitats and their climatic characteristics. It is also related to the length of the growing season and the air temperature (annual average and in January). Groups of the provenances of the best and the worst growth were distinguished. The group of the best ones on the integral indicator (volume stand) includes provenances of the western origin represented by <em>P. abies</em> and its immediate hybrids – Karelia (3), Vologda (24), Leningrad (5), Pskov (7) and Moscow (29) Regions – and provenances of the eastern one represented by <em>P. obovata</em> – Komi (26) and Perm (38) Region. High plasticity of spruce (<em>P. abies</em> (L.) Karst. × <em>P. obovata</em> (Ledeb.)), growing within the Russian Plain, in sufficiently favourable conditions of middle taiga subzone (Arkhangelsk Region, Russia) was proved.

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Pavlič, Janez. "METODIKA PREMJERA I REGISTROVANJA PODATAKA U JEDNODOBNIM ŠUMSKIM ZASADIMA SMRČE (PICEA ABIES KARST.), BIJELOG BORA (PINES SYLVESTRIS L.) I CRNOG BORA (PINUS NIGRA ARN.) U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 29, no. 1 (1999): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.1999.v29.i1.247.

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Ovaj rad se bavi odabirom i uspostavljanjem privremenih oglednih ploha u jednodobnim sastojinama smrče (Picea abies Karst.), bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) i crnog bora (Pinus nigra Arn.) u Bosni i Hercegovini za  prikupljanje podataka potrebnih za gazdovanje šumama. Podaci koje treba prikupiti na plohama su navedeni i detaljno je opisan način njihovog uzimanja-mjerenja.

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Suske, Jürgen, and Georg Acker. "Identification of endophytic hyphae of Lophodermium piceae in tissues of green, symptomless Norway spruce needles by immunoelectron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (1989): 1768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-224.

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Antiserum specific for Lophodermium piceae hyphae was obtained by absorbing a rabbit L. piceae antiserum with hyphal material of different fungal isolates. The specificity of this absorbed antiserum was tested with hyphae of endophytic fungi isolated from green, asymptomatic needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) using the on-section immunogold labeling technique. With this specific, absorbed antiserum, a homogenous labeling was obtained with cultured hyphae of L. piceae, whereas all other spruce needle endophytes examined remained practically unlabeled. Insignificant cross-reactivity was also observed with needle tissues. The absorbed antiserum was then applied for the immunoelectron microscopical identification of L. piceae hyphae in situ in infected tissues of green, asymptomatic Norway spruce needles. The function of papillalike structures observed in infected needle mesophyll as well as the role of the hyphal sheath surrounding endophytic L. piceae hyphae are discussed in connection with the interaction between L. piceae and asymptomatic Norway spruce needles.

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Kozłowski, Grzegorz, and Jean P. Métraux. "Antifungal properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedling homogenates." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 68, no. 3 (2014): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1999.025.

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The presence of antimicrobials in root, hypocotyl and cotyledon homogenates of Norway spruce was studied using in vitro assays with soil-borne pathogens. For the studies presented here Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst.) as a typical host and forest tree and <em>Pythium</em> as a typical soil-bome pathogen were used. The highly virulent species <em>Pythium ultimum</em> and the less virulent species <em>Pythium irregulare</em> were chosen for all experiments. They are both the causal agents of damping-off disease, which can affect plants at a very early stage. The strongest antimicrobial effect was observed using medium prepared from older seedlings and containing extracts from cotyledons. The influence of various treatments on antimicrobials accumulation in spruce extracts was also tested. Seed coat shedding was observed to affect mortality of <em>Picea abies</em> seedlings infected by <em>Pythium</em>. Seedlings which had shed their seed coats were more resistant to <em>Pythium</em> attack. This phenomenon could be correlated with antimicrobial production in well developed cotyledons.

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Kišija, Sakib. "CONE AND SEED INSECTS IN NORWAY SPRUCE [PICEA ABIES (L) KARST.]." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 40, no. 1 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2010.v40.i1.153.

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UDK 582.475:595.7(481) 581.47/.48:632.7 Frequency of gall and spruce insects (Picea abies (L) Karst.) from three Norwegian regions were analyzed during the period from 1968 to 2006, from the x-ray photos of samples of seeds and files of control of gall samples. Higher temperatures, especially during the last 20 years, have most probably contributed to more frequent years of good production of spruce seeds. The paper has indicated the following gall and spruces insects: Cydia strobilella (L.), Plemeliella abietina (Seitn.), Megastigmus strobilobius (Ratz.) Kaltenbachiola strobi (Winn.), Strobilomyia anthraciana (Czerny.), Dioryctria abietella (Den. et Schiff.), Eupithecia abietaria (Ratz.), and E. analoga (Zett.). The pathogen fungi were observed as well: Pucciniastrum areolatum ((Fr.) G.H. Otth.) and Chrysomyxa pirolata (Wint.).

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Nebe, W., G. Ilgen, and E. Schierhorn. "Rasterelektronenmikroskopische und chemische Untersuchungen von immissionsgeschädigten Fichtennadeln (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)." Flora 181, no. 5-6 (1988): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-2530(17)30382-1.

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