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Journal articles on the topic 'Picea abies log'

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Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kazartsev, Igor, Ekaterina Shorohova, Ekaterina Kapitsa, and Helena Kushnevskaya. "Decaying Picea abies log bark hosts diverse fungal communities." Fungal Ecology 33 (June 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2017.12.005.

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2

Haman, Nabil, Ksenia Morozova, Giustino Tonon, Matteo Scampicchio, and Giovanna Ferrentino. "Antimicrobial Effect of Picea abies Extracts on E. coli Growth." Molecules 24, no. 22 (2019): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224053.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of essential oils extracted from wood residues of Picea abies on the growth of Escherichia coli. The essential oils were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide, leading to a yield of 3.4 ± 0.5% (w/w) in 120 min. The antimicrobial effect was tested at 37 °C by isothermal calorimetry. The heat-flow (dq/dt vs. time) was integrated to give a fractional reaction curve (α vs. time). Such curves were fitted by a modified Gompertz function to give the lag-time (λ) and the maximum growth rate (µmax) parameters. The results showed that λ was linearly correlat
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3

Kupferschmid Albisetti, Andrea D., Peter Brang, Walter Schönenberger, and Harald Bugmann. "Decay of Picea abies snag stands on steep mountain slopes." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (2003): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79247-2.

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In a 30-ha Picea abies mountain forest in the Swiss Alps, almost all trees were killed by bark beetles (Ips typographus) between 1992 and 1996. Snag decay was studied using full-callipering within transects, and the height of lying logs above ground level was studied using the line intersect method. None of the dead trees had been uprooted, but 75% were found broken in 2000. The probability of snag breakage was independent of both tree diameter and time since stand death, but 28% of the snags broke close to the ground during a storm in December 1999. The log sections that were not in direct co
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4

Bütler, Rita, Lita Patty, Renée-Claire Le Bayon, Claire Guenat, and Rodolphe Schlaepfer. "Log decay of Picea abies in the Swiss Jura Mountains of central Europe." Forest Ecology and Management 242, no. 2-3 (2007): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.017.

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5

Hagman, P. O. G. "Automatic quality sorting of Picea abies logs with a gamma ray log scanner." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 8, no. 1-4 (1993): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589309382804.

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6

Bowers, Steve. "Dichotomous Keys for Scaling and Grading Merchantable Quality Sawlogs." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 4 (2003): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.4.250.

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Abstract This study documented and field-tested a simplified version of the Westside Grading Guidelines as published in the Official Rules Handbook by the Northwest Log Rules Advisory Group. A four-step dichotomous key was documented and field-tested to determine merchantable vs. nonmerchantable logs. The study also documented and field-tested an individual seven-step dichotomous log grading key for evaluating second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and grand fir (Abies grandis) as derived from the Rules For Grad
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7

Duchesne, Isabelle, Queju Tong, and Guillaume Hans. "Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Predict Log Moisture Content of Commercially Important Canadian Softwoods." Forests 14, no. 12 (2023): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122396.

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The non-destructive testing of wood fibre properties is crucial for informing forest management decisions and achieving optimal resource utilization. Moisture content (MC) is an important indicator of wood freshness and may reveal the presence of wood degradation. However, efficient methods are still needed to better monitor this property along the forest–wood value chain. The objective of the study was to develop prediction models to evaluate log MC based on the propagation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. A total of 165 trees representing four species (black spruce (Picea mariana (
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8

Barszcz, Anna, Anna Sandak, and Jakub Sandak. "Knottiness of spruce stems from the Dolomites as the basis for distinguishing quality zones in roundwood." Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A - Forestry 52(2) (July 1, 2010): 89–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30610.

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The study was conducted on 9 sample of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] trees, aged 150 years, from three upper subalpine stands in the region of the Dolomites. The knots were classified into three categories of healthiness and three categories of intergrowth with the surrounding wood. Differences in diameters and relative diameters of knots classified into three categories of healthiness and three categories of intergrowth with the surrounding wood was shown on a merchantable bole divided into 10 equal sections. The frequency of occurrence of knots under the analysed categories was the
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9

Wehrhausen, Martin, Franka Brüchert, and Udo Hans Sauter. "Vermessung und Sortierrelevanz von Rissen in Nadelrund- und Nadelschnittholz." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 163, no. 5 (2012): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2012.0165.

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Measurement and relevance for timber grading of cracks in softwood logs and sawn timber Cracks in timber of Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. are of high importance for the optical and mechanical quality of sawn timber products. A sample of 92 logs was assessed in detail before and after the sawing and drying process. The quantity, types and form of cracks were taken on both round wood and sawn product. Emphasis was put on the question, whether cracks take significant influence on the grading results of the sawn timber according to the grading standards DIN 4074-1:2003-06 and DIN EN
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10

DeLong, S. Craig, Lori D. Daniels, Ben Heemskerk, and Ken Olaf Storaunet. "Temporal development of decaying log habitats in wet spruce–fir stands in east-central British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 12 (2005): 2841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-215.

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Time since death and time since fall were estimated for hybrid spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) logs to quantify temporal changes in log decay and habitat quality in east-central British Columbia. We sampled 136 logs (72 spruce and 64 fir) for species, size, and morphological attributes and used dendroecological techniques to estimate year of death (n = 97) and fall (n = 22). Time since death and time since fall of spruce and fir were similar in decay classes 1 and 2; fir was older than spruce in more ad
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11

Fredriksson, Magnus. "Predicting strength of Norway spruce and Scots pine sawn timber using discrete X-ray log scanning, optical board scanning, traceability, and partial least squares regression." BioResources 19, no. 1 (2024): 1777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1777-1788.

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Recently developed technology in sawmills such as advanced log scanning and traceability concepts enable new ways of grading logs and boards. When it comes to strength grading, this is often done on sawn boards using automatic scanning systems. However, if board scanners were to be augmented with data from log scanners by using traceability, more information on the wood properties is available. In this study, the main objective was to compare the strength prediction capability of board scanning alone, to board scanning augmented with X-ray and 3D data from log scanning, for Norway spruce (Pice
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12

Herrmann, Steffen, and Jürgen Bauhus. "Comparison of methods to quantify respirational carbon loss of coarse woody debris." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 11 (2008): 2738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-115.

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Carbon (C) loss from coarse woody debris (CWD) may be important in forest ecosystem C budgets, yet there are no standard methods of quantifying it. Here we assessed respirational C loss of log segments of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), to compare the two main measurement approaches (the static and dynamic methods using soda lime and an infrared gas analyser, IRGA) with three different measurement options for CWD logs. These included (i) incubation of the whole log segment, (ii) the use of small in situ chambers on the curved log surface, and
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13

Přívětivý, Tomáš, and Pavel Šamonil. "Variation in Downed Deadwood Density, Biomass, and Moisture during Decomposition in a Natural Temperate Forest." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101352.

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Deadwood is a resource of water, nutrients, and carbon, as well as an important driving factor of spatial pedocomplexity and hillslope processes in forested landscapes. The applicability of existing relevant studies in mountain forests in Central Europe is limited by the low number of data, absence of precise dating, and short time periods studied. Here, we aimed to assess the decomposition pathway in terms of changes and variability in the physical characteristics of deadwood (wood density, biomass, and moisture) during the decomposition process, and to describe differences in decomposition r
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14

Kivinen, Veli-Pekka. "A forest-level genetic algorithm based control system for generating stand-specific log demand distributions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 7 (2006): 1705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-055.

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This study was established to test whether the fit between the overall log demand distributions required by mills and the cumulative log output distributions could be improved by localizing the demand matrices controlling the bucking-to-order process on modern cut-to-length harvesters. Fifteen mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands were cut with a bucking simulator under the control of both the stand-specific and uncontrolled reference demand matrices. The test simulations involved three Norway spruce log products: sawlogs, veneer logs, and pulpwood logs. The stand-specific dema
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15

Laiho, Raija, and Cindy E. Prescott. "The contribution of coarse woody debris to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 10 (1999): 1592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-132.

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The contribution of coarse woody debris to C, N, and P cycles was assessed in forests of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) - Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in southwestern Alberta. Mass loss and changes in C, N, and P concentrations in decomposing log segments were measured for 14 years. Litter input was measured during 10 years for coarse woody debris, 1 year for ground vegetation, and 5 years for other aboveground litter types. Release of C, N and P from decompos
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16

Schraml, Rudolf, Karl Entacher, Alexander Petutschnigg, Timothy Young, and Andreas Uhl. "Matching Score Models for Hyperspectral Range Analysis to Improve Wood Log Traceability by Fingerprint Methods." Mathematics 8, no. 7 (2020): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8071071.

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Traceability of natural resources, from the cradle to the final product is a crucial issue to secure sustainable material usage as well as to optimize and control processes over the whole supply chain. In the forest products industries the material can be tracked by different technologies, but for the first step of material flow, from the forest to the industry, no systematic and complete technology has been developed. On the way to close this data gap the fingerprint technology for wooden logs looks promising. It uses inherent properties of a wood stem for identification. In this paper hypers
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17

Kärhä, Räsänen, and Palander. "The Profitability of Cross-Cutting Practices in Butt-Rotten Picea abies Final-Felling Stands." Forests 10, no. 10 (2019): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100874.

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Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Background and Objectives: The root and butt-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. causes wood quality damage to trees in softwood forests. When timber is harvested in butt-rotten forests, it is essential that the decayed part of the tree is recognized and cut away from a stem, while the healthy and good quality log section of a stem is cross cut with precision sawlogs. The objective of th
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18

Halmemies, Eelis S., Hanna E. Brännström, Juha Nurmi, Otto Läspä, and Raimo Alén. "Effect of Seasonal Storage on Single-Stem Bark Extractives of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)." Forests 12, no. 6 (2021): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060736.

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Increasing the net value of forestry side-streams has both ecological as well as economic benefits for emerging biorefining industries. Spruce bark represents one of the nature’s abundant sources of valuable extractives. In this study, the impact of storage on the quality and quantity of Norway spruce (Picea abies) extractives was examined as a function of storage time, environmental conditions and season (i.e., winter or summer). The bark from stored spruce saw logs was extracted with an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) at 120 °C with hexane and water. The produced extracts were analysed q
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19

Kruys, Nicholas, and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson. "Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests of northern Sweden." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 8 (1999): 1295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-106.

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Species richness of wood-inhabiting cryptogams was compared on fine woody debris (FWD; diameter 5-9 cm) and coarse woody debris (CWD; diameter [Formula: see text]10 cm) logs of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Data were collected from managed boreal forests of northern Sweden. Species richness was higher on CWD than FWD when equal numbers of logs were compared. When equal surface areas were compared, species richness on FWD and CWD did not differ. When equal volumes of CWD and FWD were compared, FWD had more species. This was an effect of surface area and log quantity, as a certain volume of FWD was co
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20

Klement, Ivan, Tatiana Vilkovská, and Miroslav Uhrín. "Color changes of compression and opposite spruce wood (Picea abies L. Karst.) affected by different drying conditions." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 6697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6697-6708.

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The color changes of compression and opposite spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) wood were evaluated as a function of different drying conditions. Compression wood samples and their corresponding opposite wood samples from the opposite part of the log were compared after three different drying modes. The color of the samples before and after the drying was characterized using the color coordinates L*, a*, b*, C*ab, C, h*, Sab, and the color difference (ΔE*) in the standard color space according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIELAB). The drying temperature was the most remarkable
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21

Beniušienė, Lina, Edmundas Petrauskas, Marius Aleinikovas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Ričardas Beniušis, and Benas Šilinskas. "Norway Spruce Stem Parameters in Sites with Different Stand Densities in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest." Forests 12, no. 2 (2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020201.

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Background and Objectives: The study aimed to determine the changes of the main stem and branch parameters of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) trees under different stand densities. More specifically, the objective was to develop the models for the determination of branch diameter in 0–6 m log from root collar, taken as one of the parameters directly influencing the stem quality. The study continues a piece of research on stem and branch parameters’ responses to different stand density (SD) in the plantations of coniferous tree species in Lithuania. Materials and Methods: The followin
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22

Daoust, Gaëtan, and Marie-Josée Mottet. "Impact du charançon du pin blanc (Pissodes strobi Peck) dans les plantations d'épinettes de Norvège (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Partie 1 : Productivité et qualité des sciages." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 4 (2006): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82538-4.

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A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from the second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than undeformed stems and their lumber characteristics — merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value — were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions of de
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23

Červenka, J., R. Bače, and M. Svoboda. "Stand-replacing disturbance does not directly alter the succession of Norway spruce regeneration on dead wood." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 10 (2014): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/43/2014-jfs.

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Density of regeneration in European subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests is typically low with regeneration primarily located on dead or decaying wood. The post-disturbance development of this regeneration is crucial for natural forest succession. The aim was to identify the influence of disturbance on regeneration on decaying logs immediately after a severe disturbance event. Study plots were established in two subalpine spruce forests: the first, an undisturbed site located in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and the second site in the Šumava Mts. that has exp
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24

Straže, Aleš, Klemen Novak, and Katarina Čufar. "Quality and Price of Spruce Logs, Determined Conventionally and by Dendrochronological and NDE Techniques." Forests 13, no. 5 (2022): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050729.

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We examined valuable log assortments of Norway spruce (Picea abies) from a traditional auction in Slovenia where spruce growth on many sites is affected by climate change. From 6620 logs, we selected 817 that obtained the highest prices. Factors including log dimensions and geometry, tree-ring characteristics, quality grades according to the standard, properties measured by NDE stress wave testing, and their combined effect on price were modelled. The results showed that half of the auctioned logs were of highest quality (Q1, Q2), with diameters over 60 cm. These logs were more expensive than
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Kivinen, Veli-Pekka, Jori Uusitalo, and Tapio Nummi. "Comparison of four measures designed for assessing the fit between the demand and output distributions of logs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 3 (2005): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-196.

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In recent years, as customer-oriented production strategies have gained ground, especially in the sawmill industry, the fit between the demand and the actual output for logs of different sizes and qualities has become an important criterion for evaluating bucking outcomes. In this paper, we present four measures for determining the similarity between the demand and output log distributions: (1) the apportionment degree, (2) the χ2 statistic, (3) Laspeyres' quantity index, and (4) the price-weighted apportionment degree. The potential of each measure for determining similarity was analyzed in t
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26

Miina, Jari, and Timo Pukkala. "Using Numerical Optimization for Specifying Individual-Tree Competition Models." Forest Science 46, no. 2 (2000): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/46.2.277.

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Abstract In this article we present a method that combines maximum likelihood estimation and nonlinear programming in growth modeling. The method of Hooke and Jeeves is used to discover the optimal specification of a particular competition index type, while statistical software is used to fit the regression model with the given competition index type. The log-likelihood computed by the statistical software is fed back to the optimization algorithm, which alters the specification of the competition index type based on the changes in the log-likelihood. This approach was tested for a mixture of
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27

Raatevaara, Antti, Heikki Korpunen, Harri Mäkinen, and Jori Uusitalo. "Log end face image and stem tapering indicate maximum bow height on Norway spruce bottom logs." European Journal of Forest Research 139, no. 6 (2020): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-020-01309-0.

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Abstract In cut-to-length logging, the harvester operator adjusts the bucking in accordance with visible defects on processed stems. Some of the defects, such as a sweep on the bottom of the stem, decrease the yield and quality of sawn products and are difficult for the operator to notice. Detecting the defects with improved sensors would support the operator in his qualitative decision-making and increase value recovery of logging. Predicting the maximum bow height of the bottom log in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) with log end face image and stem taper was investigated with two mod
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Höwler, Kirsten, Torsten Vor, Peter Schall, Peter Annighöfer, Dominik Seidel, and Christian Ammer. "Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands." European Journal of Forest Research 140, no. 4 (2021): 969–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01378-9.

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AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was qu
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29

Brännström, Mattias. "The impact of a strength grading process on sawmill profitability and product quality." BioResources 4, no. 4 (2009): 1430–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.4.1430-1454.

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A strength grading process, starting with log grading, was studied with respect to grading yield, impact on quality, and economic efficiency when visual grades according to Nordic grading rules were used for alternate product comparison. Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) logs and boards were graded with several varieties of commercial grading and strength-grading equipment. The boards were destructively tested, and the European grade-determining properties strength, stiffness, and density were measured. Models for these were made by partial least squares and validated. A method
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30

Kikeeva, Anastasiya V., Ivan V. Romashkin, Anna Yu Nukolova, Elena V. Fomina, and Alexandr M. Kryshen. "Influence of Picea Abies Logs on the Distribution of Vascular Plants in Old-Growth Spruce Forests." Forests 15, no. 5 (2024): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15050884.

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The deadwood contributes to an increase in soil heterogeneity due to the changing the microrelief (by the formation of windthrow-soil complexes), as well as changes in physical and chemical characteristics of decaying wood directly during xylolysis. We hypothesized that fallen logs as an element of microrelief influence the species composition and cover structure of vascular plants. We studied the influence of Picea abies (L.) Karst fallen logs of moderate and advanced decay stages on the horizontal distribution and heterogeneity of vascular plant cover in different microsite types (small bore
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Stängle, Stefan M., Aaron R. Weiskittel, Carsten F. Dormann, and Franka Brüchert. "Measurement and prediction of bark thickness in Picea abies: assessment of accuracy, precision, and sample size requirements." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 1 (2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0263.

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Tree and log diameters are usually measured outside bark, but inside-bark diameters are of greater economic interest and are often derived with local or regional bark thickness equations. To date, the influence of measurement method, sampling design, and sample size on bark thickness equation accuracy and precision has received limited attention. The objectives of this study were to use an extensive regional bark thickness dataset for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in southwestern Germany to (1) quantify the accuracy and precision of bark thickness measurements with a Swedish bark gaug
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Daoust, Gaëtan, and Marie-Josée Mottet. "Impact of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) on Norway spruce plantations (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Part 1: Productivity and lumber quality." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 5 (2006): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82745-5.

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A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from a second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than non-deformed stems and their lumber characteristics, i.e., merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value, were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions o
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33

Brännström, Mattias, Janne Manninen, and Johan Oja. "Predicting the strength of sawn wood by tracheid laser scattering." BioResources 3, no. 2 (2008): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.2.437-451.

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An industrial laser light scattering scanner, designed to detect the spiral grain angle of logs by the light scattering along the grain, was used on two large samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies (var. Karst)) in various sawn dimensions (approximately 750 pieces). Additional measurements were made by other techniques, such as X-ray scanning, resonance frequency measurement, and various manual measurements. The strength properties of the boards were measured by destructive testing in four-point bending according to European standard. Multivariate methods (PLS) were used to model the relationsh
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34

Štefančík, Igor, Rudolf Petráš, Julián Mecko, and Jiří Novák. "Qualitative and value production of tree species in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands under the conditions of the Western Carpathians." Central European Forestry Journal 67, no. 3 (2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2021-0004.

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Abstract Value production is one of the most important information for comparing different tree species composition and management strategies in forestry. Although the value production of forest stands is affected by various factors thinning can be considered as one of the most important one. This paper aims at the evaluation of qualitative and value production in mixed Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands, which were managed by crown thinning for a period of 44 to 50 years and/or left to self-development. More th
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35

Clark, D. F., D. D. Kneeshaw, P. J. Burton, and J. A. Antos. "Coarse woody debris in sub-boreal spruce forests of west-central British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 2 (1998): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-208.

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An evaluation of how coarse woody debris (CWD) changes in quantity and quality during stand development was conducted using a 426-year chronosequence of 71 stands in sub-boreal forests in British Columbia. Additional characteristics of CWD were determined in 14 of the stands. Most stands are fire initiated and input from the predisturbance stand is critical in controlling the amounts and characteristics of CWD within young stands. Log volume declines from over 100 m3/ha in young stands (0-50 years) to just over 60 m3/ha in stands from 51 to 200 years old, and then increases to greater than 140
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Löwe, Radim, Miroslav Sedlecký, Adam Sikora, et al. "How Bark Beetle Attack Changes the Tensile and Compressive Strength of Spruce Wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.)." Forests 13, no. 1 (2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010087.

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Since 2014, forestry in the Czech Republic has been significantly affected by a bark beetle outbreak. The volume of infested trees has exceeded processing capacity and dead standing spruce (Picea abies) remain in the forest stands, even for several years. What should be done with this bark beetle wood? Is it necessary to harvest it in order to preserve the basic mechanical and physical properties? Is it possible to store it under standard conditions, or what happens to it when it is “stored” upright in the forest? These are issues that interested forest owners when wood prices were falling to
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Leonarduzzi, Giulia, Noemi Onofrio, Marco Bardiani, et al. "Attraction of different types of wood for adults of Morimus asper (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)." Nature Conservation 19 (July 31, 2017): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.12659.

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Morimus asper reproduces mainly in freshly dead wood and, as a consequence, populations are affected by modern forestry practices. The taxon M. funereus, now incorporated into the species M. asper, is protected by the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) and its monitoring has received attention in recent years. Larvae of M. asper are polyphagous, but some studies indicate that adults prefer the wood of some tree species. Freshly cut log piles, which attract adults, have been proposed as a monitoring tool. For monitoring programmes, it is essential to select the most appropriate wo
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Robert, Emilie, Suzanne Brais, Brian D. Harvey, and David Greene. "Seedling establishment and survival on decaying logs in boreal mixedwood stands following a mast year1This article is one of a selection of papers from the International Symposium on Dynamics and Ecological Services of Deadwood in Forest Ecosystems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 8 (2012): 1446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-085.

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In the boreal forest, establishment of tree regeneration is tightly linked to both mast years and the availability of adequate germination beds for seedlings. We took advantage of a mast year (2006) in the eastern boreal mixedwood to compare seedling establishment in 2007 and seedling survival 2 and 4 years later on sections of fallen logs and equivalent areas of adjacent forest floor. Several factors that could explain establishment of seedlings on logs were measured, including wood resistance, density, moisture content, and C/N ratio. Our results show that small-seeded species, such as white
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39

Rumbaitis del Rio, Cristina M. "Changes in understory composition following catastrophic windthrow and salvage logging in a subalpine forest ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 11 (2006): 2943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-169.

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Catastrophic windthrow and postdisturbance salvage logging each have the potential to profoundly influence understory vegetation communities. This study compared understory vegetation cover, composition, and diversity in Routt National Forest, a subalpine forest in northwestern Colorado that sustained a 10 000 ha blowdown in 1997 and was partially salvage logged in 1999. Understory and edaphic variables were measured in five heavily wind-disturbed Picea–Abies stands, five stands salvage logged 20 months after the blowdown, and five intact stands. Understory species cover and diversity were gre
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Herrmann, Steffen, and Cindy E. Prescott. "Mass loss and nutrient dynamics of coarse woody debris in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests: 21 year results." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 1 (2008): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-144.

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Mass loss and changes in C, N, and P concentrations were measured in 20 cm long log segments of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) that had been placed in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests 21 years earlier. Pine, spruce, and fir lost 76%, 39%, and 64%, respectively, of their initial mass during the 21 years. The corresponding mean decay rates (k) were 0.072, 0.024 and 0.052·year–1. The decay patterns of pine and spruce were similar with the highest k between 6 and 14 years. Fir k
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41

Kliger, Robert, Charlotte Bengtsson, and Marie Johansson. "Comparison between HT-dried and LT-dried spruce timber in terms of shape and dimensional stability." Holzforschung 59, no. 6 (2005): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.104.

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Abstract The performance of timber studs from Norway spruce (Picea abies) in terms of shape and dimensional stability was evaluated. The shape stability studied included three modes of distortion, i.e. twist, bow and spring. The dimensional stability was assessed by measuring longitudinal shrinkage and swelling properties. The study comprised 96 studs measuring 45 mm×70 mm×2500 mm from 15 butt logs. Half the studs from each log were dried using a high-temperature method (HT) at 115°C, while the other half were dried using a conventional low-temperature method (LT) at 70°C. Distortion in the st
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42

Isik, Kani, Jochen Kleinschmit, and Wilfried Steiner. "Age–Age Correlations and Early Selection for Height in a Clonal Genetic Test of Norway Spruce." Forest Science 56, no. 2 (2010): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/56.2.212.

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Abstract Heights of rooted cuttings from 40 clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) were measured at ages 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, and 17 from rooting at seven test environments in northern Germany. To determine the optimal age for juvenile selection for height, age-related changes in variance components, clone-mean heritability, and age–age correlations were estimated. Partitions of variance components were essentially constant after age 8. Clone-mean heritabilities were highest at age 3 (0.94) and were essentially stable after age 5. Age–age correlations were generally high between similar
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Olenici, Nicolai, Mihai-Leonard Duduman, Ionel Popa, Gabriela Isaia, and Marius Paraschiv. "Geographical Distribution of Three Forest Invasive Beetle Species in Romania." Insects 13, no. 7 (2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13070621.

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Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg, 1836), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) and Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775) are invasive species reported in Romania, but their current distribution is poorly known. The research aim was to provide new information on this issue. A survey was conducted over the period 2015–2017 in 82 locations, using flight-interception traps and bottle traps, baited with different attractants. Data obtained in our other unpublished studies were also taken into account. A total of 35,136 I. duplicatus beetles were collected in 30 survey locations. The highest captures were
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Wang, G. Geoff, and Kevin J. Kemball. "Balsam fir and white spruce seedling recruitment in response to understory release, seedbed type, and litter exclusion in trembling aspen stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 3 (2005): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-212.

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Experimental seeding of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) was implemented in three mature trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands in southeastern Manitoba to test (i) the effect of vegetation (light) competition and seedbed type (undisturbed forest floor, exposed mineral soil, and rotten logs) on seedling recruitment over the first 2 years and (ii) the effect of broadleaf litter exclusion on seedling mortality during the first winter. The study indicated that, with adequate seed supply, seedbed type was the most important factor li
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Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Jan Żarnowiec, and Damian Chmura. "The vascular plant colonization on decaying Picea abies logs in Karkonosze mountain forest belts: the effects of forest community type, cryptogam cover, log decomposition and forest management." European Journal of Forest Research 135, no. 6 (2016): 1145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-016-1001-8.

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Hoornstra, Douwe, Maria A. Andersson, Vera V. Teplova, et al. "Potato Crop as a Source of Emetic Bacillus cereus and Cereulide-Induced Mammalian Cell Toxicity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 12 (2013): 3534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00201-13.

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ABSTRACTBacillus cereus, aseptically isolated from potato tubers, were screened for cereulide production and for toxicity on human and other mammalian cells. The cereulide-producing isolates grew slowly, the colonies remained small (∼1 mm), tested negative for starch hydrolysis, and varied in productivity from 1 to 100 ng of cereulide mg (wet weight)−1(∼0.01 to 1 ng per 105CFU). By DNA-fingerprint analysis, the isolates matchedB. cereusF5881/94, connected to human food-borne illness, but were distinct from cereulide-producing endophytes of spruce tree (Picea abies). Exposure to cell extracts (
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47

Hall, Ryan, and Han-Sup Han. "Improvements in Value Recovery through Low Stump Heights: Mechanized versus Manual Felling." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.1.33.

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Abstract Stump heights were measured on two blocks harvested during the summer of 2000 in north-central British Columbia. Each block was of similar stand and terrain characteristics, consisting mainly of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) with minor components of white spruce (Picea glauca × P. engelmannii) on gentle slopes. The blocks were harvested by two different contractors using different felling methods: mechanized felling with a feller-buncher and manual felling with a chainsaw. The average measured stump height from mechanized felling was 8.8 cm lower than that of manual felling, measur
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Wielgus, Robert B., Pierre R. Vernier, and Tina Schivatcheva. "Grizzly bear use of open, closed, and restricted forestry roads." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 9 (2002): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-084.

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We investigated grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) selection of three road types in the northern United States and southern British Columbia from 1986 to 1991. We hypothesized that grizzly bears select against open (public use allowed), restricted (forestry use only), and closed roads (no public use allowed) in that order. We analyzed use of roads for 11 bears (five females and six males) in an area containing open and closed roads and 11 bears (seven females and four males) in an adjacent area containing restricted roads. We used χ2 and log–linear models to test for selection of habitat type and dis
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Rijal, Baburam, and Mahadev Sharma. "Modelling Diameter at Breast Height Distribution for Eight Commercial Species in Natural-Origin Mixed Forests of Ontario, Canada." Forests 15, no. 6 (2024): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060977.

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Diameter at breast height (DBH) is a unique attribute used to characterize forest growth and development for forest management planning and to understand forest ecology. Forest managers require an array of DBHs of forest stands, which can be reconstructed using selected probability distribution functions (PDFs). However, there is a lack of practices that fit PDFs of sub-dominating species grown in natural mixed forests. This study aimed to fit PDFs and develop predictive models for PDF parameters, so that the predicted distribution would represent dynamic forest structures and compositions in
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50

Monserud, Robert A., Thomas Ledermann, and Hubert Sterba. "Are Self-Thinning Constraints Needed in a Tree-Specific Mortality Model?" Forest Science 50, no. 6 (2004): 848–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.6.848.

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Abstract Can a tree-specific mortality model elicit expected forest stand density dynamics without imposing stand-level constraints such as Reineke's maximum stand density index (SDImax) or the −3/2 power law of self-thinning? We examine this emergent properties question using the Austrian stand simulator PROGNAUS. This simulator was chosen specifically because it does not use stand density constraints to determine individual tree mortality rates. In addition, it is based on a probability sample of the population that includes the span of the data being used to test the hypothesis. Initial con
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