Journal articles: 'Pick-a-Path'

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Savage, Neil. "Career counselling: Pick a path." Nature 517, no. 7536 (January 2015): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7536-645a.

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Han, Luhua, Hanping Mao, Jianping Hu, and Kunpeng Tian. "Development of a doorframe-typed swinging seedling pick-up device for automatic field transplantation." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): e0210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015132-6992.

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<p>A doorframe-typed swing seedling pick-up device for automatic field transplanters was developed and evaluated in a laboratory. The device, consisting of a path manipulator and two grippers, can move the pins slowly to extract seedlings from the tray cells and return quickly to the pick-up point for the next extraction. The path manipulator was constructed with the creative design of type-Ⅱ mechanism combination in series. It consists of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism. The gripper is a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction. The dynamic analysis of the designed seedling pick-up device was simulated with ADAMS software. Being the first prototype, various performance tests under local production conditions were conducted to find out the optimal machine operation parameters and transplant production conditions. As the gripper with multiple fine pins was moved by the swing pick-up device, it can effectively complete the transplanting work cycle of extracting, transferring, and discharging a seedling. The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers can extract 80 seedlings/min with a 90% success and a 3% failure in discharging seedlings, using 42-day-old tomato plantlets. The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.</p>

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Smith, Annie. "Clicking a Collaborative Path: Exploring What (re)Conciliation Can Look Like in Inheritance: a pick-the-path experience." Theatre Research in Canada 42, no. 1 (May 2021): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.42.1.f02.

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Cet article part d’un entretien avec des membres de l’équipe de création du spectacle Inheritance : a pick-the-path experience, présenté par les compagnies Alley Theatre et Touchstone Theatre, en collaboration avec le Vancouver Moving Theatre et le Centre d’amitié autochtone de Vancouver. Inheritance propose au public d’explorer les dynamiques sous-jacentes à la (ré)conciliation en choisissant comment se déroulera sur scène un récit où la souveraineté des Autochtones sur le territoire s’oppose au privilège des colons dans une cabane isolée en Colombie-Britannique. La personne qui mène les entretiens découvre la genèse du projet et son développement, et on lui explique comment la participation du public détermine le déroulement de l’intrigue.

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Ahn, Gilseung, Myunghwan Park, You-Jin Park, and Sun Hur. "Interactive Q-Learning Approach for Pick-and-Place Optimization of the Die Attach Process in the Semiconductor Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4602052.

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In semiconductor back-end production, the die attach process is one of the most critical steps affecting overall productivity. Optimization of this process can be modeled as a pick-and-place problem known to be NP-hard. Typical approaches are rule-based and metaheuristic methods. The two have high or low generalization ability, low or high performance, and short or long search time, respectively. The motivation of this paper is to develop a novel method involving only the strengths of these methods, i.e., high generalization ability and performance and short search time. We develop an interactive Q-learning in which two agents, a pick agent and a place agent, are trained and find a pick-and-place (PAP) path interactively. From experiments, we verified that the proposed approach finds a shorter path than the genetic algorithm given in previous research.

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Sahu, Supriya, and Bibhuti Bhusan Choudhury. "Fuzzy Logic Based Path Planning for Industrial Robot." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2018070101.

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This article describes how industrial robots are generally used to perform different tasks in industries, such as pick and place, and many more operations in industries. Among these, pick and place is a very common and frequently used task. Path planning is the most important thing in order to make any process more economical. The main focus of the research is to design a fuzzy control system for path planning for industrial robots using artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. For the analysis, ten different tasks are tested. For fuzzy logic systems, three membership functions are analyzed and compared to find the best result. From the research, it has been found that a Gaussian membership function gives more accurate result in comparison to the other two membership functions.

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Lee, Chi-Guhn, Marina A. Epelman, Chelsea C. White, and Yavuz A. Bozer. "A shortest path approach to the multiple-vehicle routing problem with split pick-ups." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 40, no. 4 (May 2006): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2004.11.004.

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Yang, Chuan Hua, Xian Fa Fang, Xin Jin, Zhong Jun Liu, Jun Liu, and Yu Hui Guo. "Motion Analysis for Vegetable Potted Seedling Pick-Up Mechanism with Double Crank Geared Linkages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.218.

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The semi-automatic feeding mechanism of vegetable transplanter was nacelle basket type which is available with manual feeding for transplanting vegetable potted seedlings. However, the efficiency is lower to meet the needs. To improve it, a new design of the potted seedling pick-up mechanism with double crank geared five-bar linkages model was expounded for automatic seedling picking. The kinematics model of the pick-up mechanism was established by mathematical analysis method. The influence of the structural parameters on the motion trajectory and relative velocity of the seedling pick-up arm cusp was investigated. The design of optimization objective for picking vegetable potted seedling was proposed. Meanwhile, the optimal parameter combination of the pick-up mechanism was obtained by using MATLAB based on the objective. With it, when the seedlings pot were being pulled out, the path of the seedling pick-up arm inserting was straightly and more perpendicular to potted seedling. Furthermore, the velocity of seedling taking and dropping cusps were relatively lower in order to meet the speeds demand of seedling picking up with seedling feeding in automatic way.

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Chiang, Chin-Lung, and Rong-Fong Fung. "Mechanical design and motion analysis of a pick-and-place mechanism." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1155.

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The purpose of this research is to propose a mechanical design and kinematic analysis for a pick-and-place mechanism (PPM), which is applied to automation equipments and press fabrication industries. To obtain all the possible dimensions of gear pairs, a programming software is developed by using Visual Basic (VB) language. From the path of motion, the geometric relationship between the planetary gear and internal gear will generate an approximate square path (ASP). By intercepting some portion of this ASP and utilizing one servomotor to drive the arm of the planetary gear, a new type of PPM is designed. To verify its performance, experiments and numerical simulations of motion analyses are performed and compared. The PPM could also be combined with other mechanisms to construct new systems with one input servomotor and multiple output manipulators.

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Wang, Peng Chong, Yang Xu, Qing Nan Cai, Song Li, and Ying Zhong Tian. "A Path Recognition Algorithm Based on Image Process for Smart Car." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.410.

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Intelligence is a trend in the development of vehicles. This smart car system uses CCD camera to get images. The process is divided into three parts: image acquisition, extract centerline and path recognition. In this paper, it tells how to pick up the effective information of the road and predict the trend of black-line. Experiments show that the tracking movement of the smart car is real-time, efficient and intelligent, which has achieved the expected goals.

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Banks, Jessica E. "Is a straight line the shortest path?" Mathematical Gazette 102, no. 553 (February 8, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2018.2.

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Is the shortest path from A to B the straight line between them? Your first response might be to think it's obviously so. But in fact you know that it's not quite that straightforward. Your sat-nav knows it's not that straightforward. It asks whether you would like it to find the shortest route or the fastest route, because finding the best path depends on knowing what exactly you mean by ‘long’. Likewise, if you're on a walk in the mountains, there's a good chance you'd rather follow the path around the head of the valley, rather than heading down the steep slope and up the other side.The same sorts of considerations apply in mathematical worlds. I use the mountainside image because it is my preferred way of thinking of a Riemannian metric. Pick an abstract surface S. A Riemannian metric on S gives a well-behaved distance function. By force of habit I tend to picture S as sitting somehow within the physical world. Probably, I'm looking at it from the outside. But if I change viewpoint, so that I am walking around on S, I can picture how the topography affects the idea of the ‘shortest path’.

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Nearchou, Andreas C., and Nikos A. Aspragathos. "A genetic path planning algorithm for redundant articulated robots." Robotica 15, no. 2 (March 1997): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000234.

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In some daily tasks, such as pick and place, the robot is requested to reach with its hand tip a desired target location while it is operating in its environment. Such tasks become more complex in environments cluttered with obstacles, since the constraint for collision-free movement must be also taken into account. This paper presents a new technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) to solve the path planning problem of articulated redundant robot manipulators. The efficiency of the proposed GA is demonstrated through multiple experiments carried out on several robots with redundant degrees-of-freedom. Finally, the computational complexity of the proposed solution is estimated, in the worst case.

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Sanders, David A. "The modification of pre-planned manipulator paths to improve the gross motions associated with the pick and place task." Robotica 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700017501.

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SummaryThis paper presents research work which crosses the divide between “Path Planning” and “Trajectory Generation & Tracking”. These subjects have tended to develop along two parallel lines, in isolation from each other. The work uses the Lagrange formulation for the three major joints of an industrial manipulator. Simple planning rules are developed from this formulation. The rules are used to select new paths for a manipulator rather than to improve preplanned trajectories. The method has been applied to pick and place tasks requiring gross motions of the manipulator and the results are presented. It is shown that using this method, pre-planned manipulator paths can be modified to improve the gross motions associated with the pick and place task.

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Chiba, Ryosuke, Tamio Arai, and Jun Ota. "Flow Path Network Design for Robust AGV Systems Against Tasks Using Competitive Coevolution." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 4 (August 20, 2010): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0475.

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An effective and robust flow path network is desired in Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) systems. A design process to obtain the desired flow path network in AGV systems is proposed in this paper. Our proposed method can make flow path networks robust against tasks, which include pick-up point, drop-off point and throughput and number of AGVs . It is important for this robust flow path network that the kinds of tasks be of various and non-linear to the system effectiveness. The problem is solved by the design method of various kinds of tasks that are difficult for AGV systems using Genetic Algorithm (GA). An effective flow path network is designed with GA simultaneously because the difficult tasks and number of AGVs depend on the flow path networks. Competitive coevolution is applied to the simultaneous design. AGV systems can be effective with uni/bi-directional combined flow path networks which utilize just simple routings. Results of the design are shown through simulations, and the designed flow path network makes it possible to complete various tasks with various numbers of AGVs.

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Ji, Wei, Jun Le Li, De An Zhao, and Yang Jun. "Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for Harvesting Robot Manipulator Based on MAKLINK Graph and Improved Ant Colony Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 1063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.1063.

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To the problems of real-time obstacle avoidance path planning for apple harvesting robot manipulator in dynamic and unstructured environment, a method based on improved ant colony algorithm is presented. Firstly, Vector description is utilized to describe the area where obstacles such as branches is located as irregular polygon in free space, and MAKLINK graph is used to build up the environment space model. Then, the improved Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the initial walk path for apple harvesting robot manipulator. Finally, the improved ant colony algorithm is applied to optimize the initial path. The experiment result shows that the proposed method is simple and the robot manipulator can avoid the branches to pick the apple successfully in a relatively short time.

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Khan, W. A., and D. R. Hayhurst. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Path Optimization for Production Machinery." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538901.

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Path optimization is desirable in many problem instances occurring in discrete manufacturing and pick and place technology. The problem may refer to applications ranging from two-dimensional movements such as in milling processes to three-dimensional movements required in many robotic operations. The optimal path can be found using tour construction techniques, sub tour elimination techniques and tour to tour improvement techniques. The limits to which these solution methodologies can be applied are restricted to a certain number of nodes. The optimal path for two- and three-dimensional TSP is determined using a stochastic search procedure based on a tour improvement technique. An optimal solution is presented for 500 node TSP in two dimensions. A procedure for finding optimal path for an even larger number of nodes is outlined. The optimal path in three dimensions is also presented using nodes distributed along the periphery of three-dimensional primitives. [S1087-1357(00)71601-7]

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Yin, Jian Jun, Chun Xie, Chuan Yu Wu, S. Mittal Gauri, and Simon X. Yang. "Quick Motion Path Plan for Joint-Robot to Pick Tomato under Free-Obstacle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2225.

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To improve the efficiency of picking the fruit, a kind of quick motion path plan method for fruit-picking robot under free-obstacle was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method obtained a series of points along straight path at equal internal, and the gripper center was designed to pass thorough these points. Inverse kinematics formulas of the robot arm were used to solve joint angles of the robot arm when the gripper center will pass thorough each point. To make the robot arm guide the gripper to reach quickly the object point, the joint angles were optimized to determinate according to the principle of energy optimization. The test of picking tomato showed that the method can both reproduce the motion of the gripper along linear points at constant speed and keep the shortest motion path, which are benefit to grip the fruit steadily. The method has a low amount of calculation, better real-time and may provide a reference for joint robot to pick the fruit quickly.

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Wang, Yu Fei, Jian Jun Yin, and Shan Feng Chen. "Path Planning of Avoiding Obstacle for Fruit-Picking Manipulator Based on Position Information." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1318.

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Motoman SV3X manipulator was used to pick fruit and chosen as research object. Under the instance of known space coordinates of fruit and space position and pose of erect obstacle, a kind of multi-joint angle computation and path planning method for Motoman SV3X was proposed. Firstly, several sets of joint angles were computed according to relative space position between fruit and erect obstacle. And then, one set of joint angle was chosen as terminal angle of path planning. Finally, algorithm was used to plan a obstacle-avoiding path from start angle to terminal angle. The method solved the computation problem of multi-joint angle, and has universality for the problem of avoiding erect obstacle for fruit-picking manipulator. Simulation tests under the environment of Matlab showed that solved joint angles of manipulator can both make Motoman SV3X avoid erect obstacle and end-effector reach preconcerted position with given position error, and validated the correctness of the path planning method.

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Sharma, Deep, and S. K. Dwivedy. "Design and Fabrication of an Autonomous Mobile Robot for Obstacle Avoidance and Path Planning in Partially Known Environment." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3917.

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In this paper, an autonomous mobile robot has been designed and fabricated which can be used in both indoor and outdoor for industrial and household applications. Here using six servo motors and four DC motors with their controllers (servo controller and L293D DC Motor controller) the mobile robot can pick any object from its workspace and by avoiding collision it can place the object in the desired location. ASCII ultrasonic sensor and motion sensor are used along with ATmega 2560 microcontroller which is programmed to take the sensors output as its input and controls the dc motor and servo motors to pick and place objects and avoid obstacle during motion of the mobile robot. Here low-cost solar panels have been used to recharge the Li-ion batteries used for the motors and microcontroller in case of outdoor environment. The obstacle avoidance and path planning algorithms have been developed and a case study has been presented in this paper.

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Nan, Wen Hu, Xiao Qi Tang, and Bao Song. "An Innovative Motion Planning for 4-DOF PKM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.200.

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This paper presents an innovative motion planning algorithm for pick and place operations in the industry. The new technique is to seek optimal dynamics pattern for PKM(parallel kinematic manipulator), this is achieved by two parts: First, to achieve optimal path planning, a center sphere method based on virtual obstacle path planning method is proposed to solve such path planning with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); Second, to enhance the efficiency of the robot, time optimal trajectory planning is finished with respect to robotic physical constraints. Then, the method applied to a 4-DOF PKM is tested by numerical simulations, some examples are presented making comparisons on same tasks assigned by different sphere radius, the simulation results show the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed approach to determine the optimal motion pattern for 4-DOF PKM in obstacle-free workspace.

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Wu, Xinming, Sergey Fomel, and Michael Hudec. "Fast salt boundary interpretation with optimal path picking." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): O45—O53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0481.1.

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Salt boundary interpretation is a crucial step for velocity-model building in seismic migration, but it remains a highly labor-intensive task for manual interpretation and a big challenge for automatic methods. We have developed a semiautomatic method to efficiently and accurately extract 2D and 3D complicated salt boundaries from a seismic attribute image that highlights salt boundaries. In 2D salt boundary extraction, we first pick a few points to interpolate an initial curve that is close to the true salt boundary. These points are picked near the salt boundary but are not required to be exactly on the boundary, which makes human interactions convenient and efficient. We then resample the salt boundary attribute image in a band area centered at the initial curve to obtain a new image in which the true salt boundary is an open curve extending laterally. We then extract the salt boundary in the new image using an optimal-path picking algorithm, which is robust enough to track a stable salt boundary from highly discontinuous attribute values by solving a global maximization problem. We finally map the picked path back to the original image to obtain a final salt boundary. In 3D salt boundary extraction, we apply the 2D method to recursively pick 2D salt boundaries in a sequence of inline or crossline slices and then use these 2D boundaries to fit an implicit (level-set) surface of the 3D salt boundary. In our recursive picking, human interactions are greatly reduced by using a salt boundary picked in the previous slice as an initial curve for picking in a followed slice. The effectiveness of our method is confirmed with 2D and 3D real seismic images.

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Khaleel, Shahad Sarmad, Maher Yahya Salloom, and Ahmed Zidan Mohammed. "Comparison Sequences of Pick and Place System Controlled Using PLC." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23040397.

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Pick and place system is one of the significant employments of modern robots utilized in industrial environments. The objective of this research is to make a comparison of time sequences by combining multiple axes of sequences. A pick-place system implemented with pneumatic linear double-acting cylinders to applicator in automated systems processes for manufacturing. The challenge of 3-axes movement control was achieved using the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controller such that the merging between two or three axes was achieved according to the selected sequence of the program. The outcomes show the contrasted sequences and the reference in a constant velocity. The main variable parameter is the number of steps for each sequence. The combination of two axes has developed the sequence and reduced in number of sequences for a path. At last, one of the important factors in moving products industry is the smooth product’s movement, because any high speed might cause a vibration in the system and lead to a decreased positioning accuracy.

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Azimi, Parham, Hasan Haleh, and Mehran Alidoost. "The Selection of the Best Control Rule for a Multiple-Load AGV System Using Simulation and Fuzzy MADM in a Flexible Manufacturing System." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/821701.

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Pick up-dispatching problem together with delivery-dispatching problem of a multiple-load automated guided vehicle (AGV) system have been studied. By mixing different pick up-dispatching rules, several control strategies (alternatives) have been generated and the best control strategy has been determined considering some important criteria such as System Throughput (ST), Mean Flow Time of Parts (MFTP), Mean Tardiness of Parts (MFTP), AGV Idle Time (AGVIT), AGV Travel Full (AGVTF), AGV Travel Empty (AGVTE), AGV Load Time (AGVLT), AGV Unload Time (AGVUT), Mean Queue Length (MQL) and Mean Queue Waiting (MQW). For ranking the control strategies, a new framework based on MADM methods including fuzzy MADM and TOPSIS method were developed. Then several simulation experiments which had been based on a flow path layout to find the results were conducted. Finally, by using TOPSIS method, the control strategies were ranked. Furthermore, a similar approach was used for determining the optimal fleet size. The main contribution of this paper is developing a new approach combining the top managers' views in selecting the best control strategy for AGV systems while trying to optimize the fleet size at the mean time by combining MADM, MCDM and simulation methods.

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Crampton, Richard J. "“Stumbling and Dusting Off,” or an Attempt to Pick a Path Through the Thicket of Bulgaria's New Economic Mechanism." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 2, no. 2 (March 1988): 333–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325488002002005.

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Dacke, Marie, Basil el Jundi, Yakir Gagnon, Ayse Yilmaz, Marcus Byrne, and Emily Baird. "A dung beetle that path integrates without the use of landmarks." Animal Cognition 23, no. 6 (September 9, 2020): 1161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01426-8.

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AbstractUnusual amongst dung beetles, Scarabaeus galenus digs a burrow that it provisions by making repeated trips to a nearby dung pile. Even more remarkable is that these beetles return home moving backwards, with a pellet of dung between their hind legs. Here, we explore the strategy that S. galenus uses to find its way home. We find that, like many other insects, they use path integration to calculate the direction and distance to their home. If they fail to locate their burrow, the beetles initiate a distinct looping search behaviour that starts with a characteristic sharp turn, we have called a ‘turning point’. When homing beetles are passively displaced or transferred to an unfamiliar environment, they initiate a search at a point very close to the location of their fictive burrow—that is, a spot at the same relative distance and direction from the pick-up point as the original burrow. Unlike other insects, S. galenus do not appear to supplement estimates of the burrow location with landmark information. Thus, S. galenus represents a rare case of a consistently backward-homing animal that does not use landmarks to augment its path integration strategy.

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Luo, Fei, Bo Feng, and Huazhong Wang. "Automatic first-arrival picking method via intelligent Markov optimal decision processes." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, no. 3 (June 2021): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab026.

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Abstract Picking the first arrival is an important step in seismic processing. The large volume of the seismic data calls for automatic and objective picking. In this paper, we formulate first-arrival picking as an intelligent Markov decision process in the multi-dimensional feature attribute space. By designing a reasonable model, the global optimization is carried out in the reward function space to obtain the path with the largest cumulative reward value, to achieve the purpose of automatically picking up the first arrival. The state-value function contains a distance-related discount factor γ, which enables the Markov decision process to pick up the first-arrival continuity to consider the lateral continuity of the seismic data and avoid the bad trace information in the seismic data. On this basis, the method of this paper further introduces the optimized model that is a fuzzy clustering-based multi-dimensional attribute reward function and structure-based Gaussian stochastic policy, thereby reducing the difficulty of model design, and making the seismic data pick up more accurately and automatically. Testing this approach in the field seismic data reveals its properties and shows it can automatically pick up more reasonable first arrivals and has a certain quality control ability, especially the first-arrival energy is weak (the signal-to-noise ratio is low) or there are adjacent complex waveforms in the shallow layer.

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Burhan, Helen, Sutanto Soehodho, and Nahry Yusuf. "A resource sharing (sharing platform) scheme on online taxi services." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927003010.

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This paper will review the match between single driver and single rider in online taxi services through a resource sharing (sharing platform) for the operators with the objectives to maximize the profit for drivers (operators) and minimize waiting time for passengers so that the matching rate is higher. A low matching rate between rider and driver can cause the consumer to drop the services. The matching between single driver and single rider in online taxi services through a sharing platform scheme is formulated in maximum weighted bipartite matching problem. To solve the proposed model, we use Kuhn Munkres Algorithm, while to solve the shortest path for the driver to pick up the passenger and the shortest path of passenger's origin destination, modified Dijkstra with adaptive algorithm based on Wei Peng et.al (2012) is used. Based on illustrative example with several cases, we found a resource sharing scenario can optimize the matching between driver and rider and moreover can solve the surge pricing problem which is deemed as less transparant to customer

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Lee, In-Ho, and Haejoon Jung. "Energy-Efficient Path Selection Using SNR Correlation for Wireless Multi-Hop Cooperative Communications." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113004.

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In this paper, we consider partial path selection (PPS) for a multi-hop decode-and-forward cooperative system with limited channel state information (CSI) feedback, where the PPS utilizes local CSI only for a subset of hops on each of all independent paths between a source and a destination to reduce the energy consumption for CSI feedback. To enhance the end-to-end performance of the PPS, we propose a novel PPS method with local CSI chosen by the correlation between the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) based on global and local CSI under Nakagami-m fading channels. For each path, we pick a subset of hops to report CSI with the highest correlation for a given CSI feedback overhead requirement, which can achieve the similar end-to-end outage probability to the best path selection with global CSI. We provide an exact and closed-form expression for the SNR correlation coefficient and present an impact of the SNR correlation on the end-to-end outage probability.

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Hsu, Wei-Chun, Ming-Jin Jiang, and Gui-Liang Liu. "New design of grab mechanism in plastic glove machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 169 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816901014.

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The aim of this study is to design a new type of grab mechanism for plastic bags machine in order to tear apart the plastic gloves from the plastic bags and stack them into a pile automatically. A grab mechanism with four bar linkage is developed and the main part of the grab mechanism is the clip which will pick up the plastic gloves and drag them to the other side. After a distance of drag, the clip will drop the plastic gloves to the collecting plate. The clips are fixed on the connecting rod of the four-bar linkage and the path of the clip can be traced by the position analysis of the four bar linkage. The path of the clip can be tracked by determination of the four links’ lengths. This path tracking will be one of the advantages of this new mechanism because it provides the different drag distance to grab difference size of plastic gloves by simply adjusting the lengths of four links.

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Chen, Guang Feng, Lin Lin Zhai, Lei Li, and Jia Wen Shi. "Trajectory Planning of Delta Robot for Dynamic Tracking, Pick and Placement." Advanced Materials Research 680 (April 2013): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.680.473.

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This paper focus on the trajectories planning for Delta robot, which is used to dynamic tracking, pick and place workpiece on packing line. According to the practical action requirements, defined the desired path for end actuator in Cartesian space. The control trajectories are divided into several line segments. For each section, the control points are calculated with the modified sine computing terminal trajectory. To tracking the workpiece on conveyor, a mathematical models is developed to describe the target position and limitation of robot hardware. Newton's method is adopt to solve the model. Through calculating the right angle coordinate system of key points with inverse kinematic in joint space, generating a feasible motion control track. A demo trajectory is generated to verify the feasibility of the scheme.

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SHANKARANARAYANAN, S., and T. PADMANABHAN. "HYPOTHESIS OF PATH INTEGRAL DUALITY: APPLICATIONS TO QED." International Journal of Modern Physics D 10, no. 03 (June 2001): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271801000901.

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We use the modified propagator for quantum field based on a "principle of path integral duality" proposed earlier in a paper by Padmanabhan to investigate several results in QED. This procedure modifies the Feynman propagator by the introduction of a fundamental length scale. We use this modified propagator for the Dirac particles to evaluate the first order radiative corrections in QED. We find that the extra factor of the modified propagator acts like a regulator at the Planck scales thereby removing the divergences that otherwise appear in the conventional radiative correction calculations of QED. We find that: (i) all the three renormalization factors Z1, Z2, and Z3 pick up finite corrections and (ii) the modified propagator breaks the gauge invariance at a very small level of [Formula: see text]. The implications of this result to generation of the primordial seed magnetic fields are discussed.

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Chicea, Anca Lucia, Radu Eugen Breaz, Octavian Bologa, and Sever Gabriel Racz. "Using Serial Industrial Robots and CAM Techniques for Manufacturing Prosthetic Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 762 (May 2015): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.762.313.

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Serial industrial robots are able to perform point to point movements with a great degree of accuracy and flexibility. Thus, they are mostly used for welding, painting and pick-and-place task. Manufacturing processes require the control of movements on the entire path, so industrial robots are seldom used for this kind of task. The paper presents a research about using industrial robots for manufacturing prosthetic devices. The approach was to build a kinematic model of the robot and to implement it in a commercially available CAM program and to design and manufacture a milling unit as the end-effecter of the robot.

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Pietruś, Paulina, and Magdalena Muszyńska. "Design and Software of a Robotic Station for Deburring Car Rims." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_239/53.

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More and more often, production processes use solutions in which robots cooperate with vision systems. This is related to the implementation of "pick and place" tasks or tool path correction during the machining process. Vision systems exchange information with robot controllers, which enables the detection of a specific object, obtaining information about its location and orientation. As part of the article, it was decided to design and build a robotic station in the RobotStudio environment for deburring car rims. The process of designing the algorithm in the MATLAB environment that allows to determine the position and orientation of the processed detail was presented. Both MATLAB and RobotStudio environments communicate via the TCP/IP protocol. The verification of operation and simulation of the constructed station were presented.

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Engelbrecht, Duanne, Nico Steyn, and Karim Djouani. "Adaptive Virtual Impedance Control of a Mobile Multi-Robot System." Robotics 10, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10010019.

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The capabilities of collaborative robotics have transcended the conventional abilities of decentralised robots as it provides benefits such as scalability, flexibility and robustness. Collaborative robots can operate safely in complex human environments without being restricted by the safety cages or barriers that often accompany them. Collaborative robots can be used for various applications such as machine tending, packaging, process tasks and pick and place. This paper proposes an improvement of the current virtual impedance algorithm by developing an adaptive virtual impedance controlled mobile multi-robot system focused on dynamic obstacle avoidance with a controlled planar movement. The study includes the development of a mobile multi-robot platform whereby each robot plans a path individually without a supervisor. The proposed system would implement a two-layered hierarchy for robot path planning. The higher layer generates a trajectory from the current position to the desired position, and the lower layer develops a real-time strategy to follow the generated trajectory while avoiding static and dynamic obstacles. The key contribution of this paper is the adaptive virtual impedance controller for a multi-robot system that will maintain movement stability and improve the motion behaviour in a dynamic environment.

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Wang, Hao, Der Horng Lee, and Ruey Cheu. "Microscopic Traffic Simulation Based Dispatch Modeling for Taxi Booking Service." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.677.

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This paper presents a study of taxi booking service in Singapore using a microscopic traffic simulation model embedded with a link-to-link shortest path algorithm. A novel trip-chaining strategy for taxi booking based on a customized algorithm of Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Window (PDPTW) was proposed. The idea is to chain several bookings with demand time points which are spread out within a reasonable period of time, and with each pick-up point coinciding with or being within close proximity to the previous drop-off location. Based on the simulation results, the proposed system has the potential to improve the taxi booking service currently operating in Singapore.

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Barton, Armon, and Matthew Wright. "DeNASA: Destination-Naive AS-Awareness in Anonymous Communications." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0044.

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Abstract Prior approaches to AS-aware path selection in Tor do not consider node bandwidth or the other characteristics that Tor uses to ensure load balancing and quality of service. Further, since the AS path from the client’s exit to her destination can only be inferred once the destination is known, the prior approaches may have problems constructing circuits in advance, which is important for Tor performance. In this paper, we propose and evaluate DeNASA, a new approach to AS-aware path selection that is destination-naive, in that it does not need to know the client’s destination to pick paths, and that takes advantage of Tor’s circuit selection algorithm. To this end, we first identify the most probable ASes to be traversed by Tor streams. We call this set of ASes the Suspect AS list and find that it consists of eight highest ranking Tier 1 ASes. Then, we test the accuracy of Qiu and Gao AS-level path inference on identifying the presence of these ASes in the path, and we show that inference accuracy is 90%. We develop an AS-aware algorithm called DeNASA that uses Qiu and Gao inference to avoid Suspect ASes. DeNASA reduces Tor stream vulnerability by 74%. We also show that DeNASA has performance similar to Tor. Due to the destination-naive property, time to first byte (TTFB) is close to Tor’s, and due to leveraging Tor’s bandwidth-weighted relay selection, time to last byte (TTLB) is also similar to Tor’s.

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Chou, Li-Shan, and Shin-Min Song. "Geometric Work of Manipulators and Path Planning Based on Minimum Energy Consumption." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926567.

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The energy efficiency of the robots of today’s generation is in general very poor due to the existence of “geometric work.” The geometric work is geometry dependent and can be eliminate by adopting a special geometry which decouples the gravitational motion from the horizontal motions. Instead of adopting a special geometry, this paper studies the geometric work of a regular open-chained manipulator and applies it to the path planning for minimum energy consumption. For a given manipulator geometry and end-effector position, the zones of velocity with zero geometric work are determined analytically. A map which describes these zones of zero geometric work at various positions in workspace is then constructed for path planning with zero geometric work. The path planning for minimum energy consumption is generated by the dynamic programming method and the results are compared with the map of zero geometric work. It is found that the end-effector tends to move within the zones of zero geometric work as much as possible. If the end-effector has to cross the boundary of a zone at some point, it again moves within the zones after crossing the boundary. The presented method can also be used to arrange the pick and place positions for minimum travel energy consumption. That is, the two positions should be selected so that a continuous path which connects them with zero geometric work and with monotonously ascending or descending features is available.

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Peng, Yuan-Chih, Shuyang Chen, Devavrat Jivani, John Wason, William Lawler, Glenn Saunders, Richard J. Radke, Jeff Trinkle, Shridhar Nath, and John T. Wen. "Sensor-Guided Assembly of Segmented Structures with Industrial Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062669.

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This paper presents a robotic assembly methodology for the manufacturing of large segmented composite structures. The approach addresses three key steps in the assembly process: panel localization and pick-up, panel transport, and panel placement. Multiple stationary and robot-mounted cameras provide information for localization and alignment. A robot wrist-mounted force/torque sensor enables gentle but secure panel pick-up and placement. Human-assisted path planning ensures reliable collision-free motion of the robot with a large load in a tight space. A finite state machine governs the process flow and user interface. It allows process interruption and return to the previous known state in case of error condition or when secondary operations are needed. For performance verification, a high resolution motion capture system provides the ground truth reference. An experimental testbed integrating an industrial robot, vision and force sensors, and representative laminated composite panels demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed assembly process. Experimental results show sub-millimeter placement accuracy with shorter cycle times, lower contact force, and reduced panel oscillation than manual operations. This work demonstrates the versatility of sensor guided robotic assembly operation in a complex end-to-end tasks using the open source Robot Operating System (ROS) software framework.

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Miller, Bruce N., Terrence L. Reese, and Gregory A. Worrell. "Virial expansion of the positron and positronium decay rate in a dilute gas: The linear contribution." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1996): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-080.

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A systematic theory of the lifetimes of positrons or positronium atoms in a low-density gas is lacking. This paper describes our recent efforts to fill this void. In analogy with the virial expansion for the pressure of a gas, we develop a quantum virial expansion for the properties of a low-mass particle thermalized in a dilute gas. The discrete Feynman path integral is employed to numerically evaluate the quantum traces that comprise the coefficients of each power of the density. By considering two applications of the linear contribution, positron and ortho-positronium decay in xenon, we show how the temperature dependence of the decay rate depends on the interaction between the light particle and an atom. We also explain the observed lack of temperature dependence in experimental measurements of the ortho-positronium pick-off decay rate observed in most gases.

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39

Brown, Alan S. "From Simple Rules, Complex Behavior." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 07 (July 1, 2009): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-jul-1.

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This article focuses on creation of autonomous robots by engineers that can interact with the world around them by layering simple behaviors. The growing presence of autonomous robots at Hanover echoes the interest seen worldwide. In the United States, for instance, autonomous robots range in sophistication from simple Roomba household vacuum cleaners to the complex vehicles that competed in Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Urban Challenge. Instead, engineers are looking for clues in the behavior of social insects. Ants have attracted the most interest. While an individual ant has only a limited range of simple behaviors, the way it interacts with other ants produces responses that make the nest appear intelligent. Autonomous robots need better localization and mapping. They must learn faster and more efficiently. They should work together better as a team. They need to be more robust. Above all, they need to get smarter. An ant works randomly because it has no choice. It stumbles around until it creates the shortest path to food. Humans can see the whole picture and pick out that path immediately.

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Hokkyo, Tatsuya, Hideki Aoyama, and Noriaki Sano. "Method to Decide Paths and Postures of Flat End Mill for 5-Axis Control Machining Based on Minimum Cusp Height." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.380.

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Generally, ball end mills are used for free-form surface machining. When machining curved surfaces with large curvature change using ball end mills, it is necessary to use tools with larger curvature of the cutting edges than the maximum curvature of the surface and minute pick feeds or to change tools for fitting the curvature of one part of the surface. However this causes poor machining efficiency. The curvature of the cutting edge of a flat end mill can be fitted to the curvature of a point on machined surfaces by adjusting the tool posture. Therefore, flat end mills can efficiently cut almost all curvature curved surfaces without tool change. This paper proposes two methods for deciding tool posture and tool path for 5-axis control machining based on minimum cusp height. To decide the tool path, one method defines tool paths along isoparametric curved lines, while the other defines tool paths along curved lines along the minimum curvature direction. The basic system was constructed based on the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.

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Moya, Viviana, Emanuel Slawiñski, and Vicente Mut. "Delayed Teleoperation with Force Feedback of a Humanoid Robot." International Journal of Automation and Computing 18, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11633-020-1267-7.

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AbstractTeleoperation systems allow the extension of human capabilities to remote-control devices by providing the operator with conditions similar to those at the remote site through a communication channel that sends information from one site to the other. This article aims to present an analysis of the benefits of force feedback applied to the bilateral teleoperation of a humanoid robot with time-varying delay. As a control scheme, we link adaptive inverse dynamics compensation, balance control, and P+d like controllers. Finally, a test is performed where an operator simultaneously handles the locomotion (forward velocity and turn angle) and arm of a simulated 3D humanoid robot to do a pick-and-place task using two master devices with force feedback, where indexes such as time to complete the task, coordination errors, path tracking error, and percentage of successful tests are reported for different time-delays. We conclude with the results achieved.

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42

Harun, Sariffuddin, and Mohd Faisal Ibrahim. "A genetic algorithm based task scheduling system for logistics service robots." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i1.1437.

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The demand for autonomous logistics service robots requires an efficient task scheduling system in order to optimise cost and time for the robot to complete its tasks. This paper presents a Genetic algorithm (GA) based task scheduling system for a ground mobile robot that is able to find a global near-optimal travelling path to complete a logistics task of pick-and-deliver items at various locations. In this study, the chromosome representation and the fitness function of GA is carefully designed to cater for a single load logistics robotic task. Two variants of GA crossover are adopted to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the scheduling is compared and analysed between the proposed GA algorithms and a conventional greedy algorithm in a virtual map and a real map environments that turns out the proposed GA algorithms outperform the greedy algorithm by 40% to 80% improvement.

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43

Qin, Zhe, Xiao-Chu Liu, and Zhuan Zhao. "Delta Parallel Robot Based on Crank-Slider Mechanism." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v6i2.pp112-120.

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A three-degree-of-freedom Delta parallel manipulator driven by a crank-slider mechanism is proposed. In Cartesian space, a gate-shaped curve is taken as the path of the pick-and-place operation, combining with the inverse kinematics theory of the Delta robot, and a mathematical model of robot statia force transmission is established. The force and the output torque of the robot-driven joint are taken as the main performance indexes, and the value of the crank-slider mechanism applied to Delta robot is further measured. The simulation results show that the delta robot driven by the crank slider mechanism can reduce the force and output torque of the driving joint during the picking and discharging operation, and has good practical application value.

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44

Souliotis, G. A. "Approaching neutron-rich nuclei towards the r-process path in 86Kr-induced collisions at 15 MeV/nucleon." HNPS Proceedings 19 (January 1, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2519.

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The production cross sections of projectile-like fragments from collisions of 15 MeV/nucleon 86Kr with 64,58Ni and 124,112Sn have been measured using a magnetic separator with emphasis on the neutron-rich isotopes. Neutron pick-up isotopes (with up to 6-8 neutrons picked-up from the target) were observed with large cross sections. The present results were also compared with our previous data of the same reactions at 25 MeV/nucleon. The data at 15 MeV/nucleon show enhanced production of neutron-rich isotopes very close to the projectile, relative to the corresponding data at 25 MeV/nucleon. The large cross sections of such reactions involving peripheral nucleon exchange, indicate that these reactions offer a novel route to access extremely neutron-rich rare isotopes towards the the astrophysical r-process path and the neutron-drip line.

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45

Fraile, J. C., J. Perez-Turiel, J. L. Gonzalez-Sanchez, E. Baeyens, and R. Perez. "Comparative analysis of collision-free path-planning methods for multi-manipulator systems." Robotica 24, no. 6 (July 11, 2006): 711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574706002888.

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Motion planning for manipulators with many degrees of freedom is a complex task. The research in this area has been mostly restricted to static environments. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three reactive on-line path-planning methods for manipulators: the elastic-strip, strategy-based and potential field methods. Both the elastic-strip method [O. Brock and O. Khatib, “Elastic strips: A framework for integrated planning and execution,” Int. Symp. Exp. Robot. 245–254 (1999)] and the potential field method [O. Khatib, “Real-time obstacle avoidance for manipulators and mobile robots,” Int. J. Robot. Res.5(1), 90–98 (1986)] have been adapted by the authors to the problem at hand related to our multi-manipulator system (MMS) (three manipulators with five degrees of freedom each). Strategy-based method is an original contribution by the authors [M. Mediavilla, J. L. González, J. C. Fraile and J. R. Perán, “Reactive approach to on-line path planning for robot manipulators in dynamic environments,” Robotica20, 375–384 (2002); M. Mediavilla, J. C. Fraile, T. González and I. J. Galindo, “Selection of strategies for collision-free motion in multi-manipulator systems,” J. Intell. Robot Syst38, 85–104 (2003)].The three methods facilitate on-line path planning for our MMS in dynamic environments with collision avoidance, where the three manipulators may move at the same time in their common workspace. We have defined some ‘basic motion problems’ for the MMS, and a series of simulations has been running that will tell us how effective each path-planning method is. The simulations have been performed and the obtained results have been analysed by using a software program developed by the authors.The paper also presents experimental results obtained applying the path-planning methods to our MMS, that perform pick-and-place tasks sharing common working areas.

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Pashaie, Behruz, and Siamak A. Ardekani. "Network Design for Personalized Public Transit Service." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1791, no. 1 (January 2002): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1791-10.

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Network design requirements for personalized public transit service are presented. This concept involves diverting buses from their fixed routes to pick up passengers in the vicinity of the route. The software developed for the Dallas Area Rapid Transit to implement this concept is also discussed. A Dallas bus route is used as the case study. The service corridor is defined to be one-third of a mile on each side of the route. The software uses the real-time bus location and the schedule adherence data from a satellite-based vehicle locator system. Once it is determined that a given service request can be filled, the program generates the best diversion path and the estimated time of arrival to the caller’s location. The software includes modules for logging incoming calls for service, identifying passenger locations, assessing feasibility of providing service, determining the best diversion path for passenger pickup, and assessing the effect of the diversion on the schedule. The network database includes street geometry (nodes and links); link volumes, capacities, and free-flow speeds; node turning prohibitions; bus stop and timepoint locations; and route schedule including available schedule slacks.

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Chen, X., M. Chen, Z. Wei, and R. Zhong. "MODELING MAIN BODY OF OVERCROSSING BRIDGE BASED ON VEHICLE-BORNE LASER SCANNING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-699-2017.

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Vehicle-borne laser scanning (VBLS) is widely used to collect urban data for various mapping and modelling systems. This paper proposes a strategy of feature extraction and 3d model reconstruction for main body of overcrossing bridges based on VBLS point clouds. As the bridges usually have a large span, and the clouds data is often affected by obstacles, we have to use round-trip cloud data to avoid missing part. To begin with, pick out the cloud of the bridge body by an interactive clip-box, and group points by scan-line, then sort the points by scanning angle on each scan line. Since the position under the vehicle have a fixed scan-angle, a virtual path can be obtained. Secondly, extract horizontal line segments perpendicular to the virtual path along adjacent scan-lines, and then cluster line segments into long line-strings, which represent the top and bottom edge. Finally, regularize the line-strings and build 3d surface model of the bridge body. Experimental studies have demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy in case of building bridge model. Modelling the stairs at the both end of the bridge will be the direction of the next step.

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R.Rajasaranyakumari, Ms, Mr R.Karthikeyan, M. Bakyalakshmi, R. Geethanjali, and K. Priyadharshini. "Mobile Navigation in Emergency Environment Using Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19207.

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WSN's are used with the ultimate objective of condition checking and are a trademark choice of the system to enable emergency to course services. Even though The course routes picked by the present technique guarantee productive course and gives perfect most secure route by using the min-max rule close by the quantiﬁcation approaches ,however fails to identify the gathering .In the present structure we used an estimation called as SEND which does not revolve around the stop up at a particular zone however, in the proposed structure we use a computation called as CAN i.e blockage adaptable navigation, which bases on the congested locale by swarm recognizing and associates the person to move in an elective way where the hazard level is low and the A* figuring for briefest path. The proposed system moreover has the segment to show no less than two ways which improves the prosperity by empowering the customer to pick the most pleasing path .By coordinating customers following the dive edge of the hazard potential field , The CAN count can along these lines gain guaranteed ground of course and give perfect prosperity.

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Wang, M., H. S. Xu, J. W. Xia, X. L. Tu, R. S. Mao, Y. J. Yuan, Z. G. Hu, et al. "FIRST ISOCHRONOUS MASS MEASUREMENTS AT CSRe." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012380.

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With the commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR), a pilot experiment operating the CSRe in isochronous mode to test the power of HIRFL-CSR for measuring the mass of the short-lived nucleus was performed in December of 2007. The transition point γt of CSRe in isochronous mode is 1.395 which corresponds to the energy about 368 MeV/u for the ions with atomic number-to-charge ratio A/q = 2. The fragments with A/q = 2 of 36 Ar were injected into CSRe and their revolution frequencies were measured with a fast time pick-up detector with a thin foil in the circulating path of the ions. A mass resolution of better than 105 for m/Δm was achieved.

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Rahman, Md Saidur, Md Shakar Ullah Chowdhury, Md Abdul Wazed, and Md Mamunur Roshid. "A Hardware & Software System for Unmanned Ground Vehicle Control with Robotic Arm & Color Detection." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1577.

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The main objective of this work is to develop a system consisting of Hardware and Software to drive Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). UGVs are robotic platforms that are used as an extension of human capability. This type of robot is generally capable of operating outdoors and over a wide variety of terrain, functioning in place of humans. So it can be used in national defense to perform reconnaissance and strike missions in urban environments, and by civilian teams to conduct search and rescue operations in hazardous terrain. The software system is used to control the UGV through computer from remote place by using satellite; the software gives it the waypoint/path-location. The robotic arm is used to carry spy weapons or to pick objects for the collection of data or to rescue with the help of its own color recognition system. The system is working efficiently as directed with acceptable precision.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pick-a-Path'

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