Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pictograms

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pictograms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pictograms"

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Lemes soares, Kamyla, and Gabriela Botelho Mager. "Pictogramas, categorias e iconotipos: Uma análise em aplicativos de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa (CAA) | Pictograms, categories and icons: An analysis in augmentative and alternative communication applications (AAC)." InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51358/id.v17i1.701.

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O artigo propõe uma análise da capacidade comunicacional de pictogramas e suas categorias em um aplicativo de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa (CAA) que torne possível a comunicação de pessoas não falantes. O estudo tem como base a psicologia cognitiva, o design de interação e as definições e propriedades dos pictogramas e iconotipos. A partir desta perspectiva teórica, foi feita uma análise das categorias e pictogramas desenvolvidos e utilizados pelo aplicativo Let me talk de CAA. O estudo demonstra um alinhamento entre os níveis cognitivos e a organização dos pictogramas e categorias do aplicativo que indica a importância do zelo e estudo dos iconotipos durante a produção e escolhas dos pictogramas a serem usados na reabilitação de pacientes, visto que, eles ajudam a estabelecer as imagens mentais da pessoa assistida por essas ferramentas.*****The article proposes an analysis of the communicational capacity pictograms and their categories in an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) application that makes possible the communication of non-speaking people. The study will be based on cognitive psychology, interaction design and the definitions and properties of pictograms and logotypes. From this theoretical perspective, an analysis was made of the categories and pictograms developed and used by the AAC Let me talk application. The study demonstrates an alignment between the cognitive levels and the organization of the pictograms and categories of the application that indicates the importance of the zeal and study of the icons during the production and the pictogram choices to be used in the rehabilitation of patients since they help to establish the mental images of the person assisted by these tools
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Yuta, Iwasaki, Matsumoto Yuji, Andrew I-kang Li, and Naka Ryusuke. "COMPATIBILITY OF VISIBILITY AND HARMONY OF PICTOGRAM -FOCUS ON RESTROOM MARK-." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/myse.v6i2.8688.

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In recent years, there are various design signs to guide people. In the signature "pictogram" which enables guidance without using words is often used. However, when looking into the building, the signature using the pictogram is given its own design to match with the indoor space, and signs which are difficult for the user to understand are distributed. It can be thought that these pictograms are being redesigned to adapt to architecture. Therefore, the research aimed for a sign plan which is easy for users to understand, and thought that standard pictograms harmonizing with various buildings are necessary. Visibility is important for pictograms, and in this research, the objective is to study the conditions of pictograms that compatibility of visibility and harmony.For reference to the research conducted for each generation, The author conducted an experiment using the pictogram of the Japanese Industrial Standard toilet mark, which had high recognition among all generations. The author divide the pictograms into pictograms for men and women whereby the existing designs filled with color and new designs with only contour lines are more harmonious using textures of concrete, brick, white wall, wood pictograms were synthesized. The author compared with that pictograms . As a result, The author received responses that the design of only the outline of the pictogram for men and the pictogram for women is more harmonious in all scenes. Among them, both male pictograms and female pictograms showed significant differences in the two scenes, and a significant trend was observed in the remaining two scenes. The author conducted experiments on the width of the contour line using 4 scenes images same as comparison and study the pictograms of the line widths with the greatest thickness. As a result, there was not much difference in the width of the width of the contour line of the pictogram in all scenes of male pictograms and female pictograms. The author discussed the effect on visibility and harmony by shape and color as future prospect.
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Mayer, David L., and Lila F. Laux. "Recognizability and Effectiveness of Warning Symbols and Pictorials." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 15 (October 1989): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301518.

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In this study we sought to determine the relative effectiveness of pictograms for a group of 139 subjects ranging in age from 17 to 83. We gave a pictogram identification task for 16 pictograms from the Westinghouse Product Safety Label Handbook (1981) to subjects. Pictogram identification ranged from 100% to completely unrecognizable. Generally, pictorials which depicted simple, clearly identifiable hazards or protective equipment were more identifiable than symbols. Pictograms which showed the injury occurring to a hand rather than the entire human figure were also more recognizable. Finally, to explore more than simple pictograms identification, we presented subjects with three pictograms: We asked half of the subjects to list all of the ways they could be hurt, injured or killed as well as any precautions they would take while using a product displaying one of the pictograms. The other half of the subjects endorsed precautions that they would observe on a checklist of possible precautions. In general, subjects were able to name at least one of the hazards associated with each graphic, but they generally did not name all of the hazards for a given pictogram. Sex and age effects are commented on in the paper.
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Silver, N. Clayton, and Carla N. Perlotto. "Comprehension of Aviation Safety Pictograms: Gender and Prior Safety Card Reading Influences." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100217.

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The present study assessed the comprehensibility of aviation safety pictorials that compose specific pictograms. A total of 120 individuals were asked to provide detailed responses to each pictorial that comprised a pictogram. The seven categories of pictograms were: (a) take-off, landing, and surface movement; (b) oxygen; (c) in flight; (d) land evacuation; (e) emergency/brace position and floor lighting; (f) water evacuation; and (g) water evacuation — on overwater aircraft. Results indicated that 21 of the 40 pictorials presented were within the acceptable range of the ISO 67% comprehension criterion, whereas only 11 of the 40 pictorials were within the ANSI 85% comprehension criterion. Comprehension of the pictorials comprising the oxygen pictogram was the highest among the seven categories of pictograms tested. However, the pictorials that connoted “move away from the aircraft”, which were found in the land evacuation pictograms, were the least comprehended. Implications for aviation safety card design are discussed.
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Jung, Jong-Jin. "Improvement of Exit Light Pictogram." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.62d18317.

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In the event of danger (e.g., a building fire), the effectiveness of the Exit light pictogram that serves as an evacuation guide was studied and an improvement suggested. The types and installation cases of Exit light pictograms used in Korea were examined, and the types and cases of International Standards Organization (ISO) 16069 (Safety way guidance system (SWGS)) pictograms were compared and analyzed. Based on the analysis results, various pictograms were selected for further study. An understanding of firefighters and college students was surveyed, and a pictogram selection survey was conducted to identify a clear evacuation meaning. Looking at the results of the survey, 96% of the respondents understood the meaning of the “Running Man” on the Exit light installed at the top of the evacuation exit, and 4% answered “I don’t know.” When the “Running Man” and an “Arrow” were marked together, 18% gave an accurate response indicating the direction of evacuation, and the response “Do not know” decreased to 3 %p. In addition, regarding the pictogram selection survey with the clearest meaning of evacuation, both groups selected Type (text+pictogram) most frequently, and gave the lowest ranking to the “Running Man” pictogram currently used. the Exit light pictogram “Running Man” currently used at evacuation exits received a lower understanding than that of the pictogram including “Arrows.” and a meaningful result was derived that it was necessary to improve it.
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Kitagami, Shinji, Tomoyoshi Inoue, and Yukiko Nishizaki. "Information Processing of Pictograms and the Visual Field Difference." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 1 (August 2002): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.1.173.

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The main purpose was to investigate how we process pictograms and to examine the effects of learning on visual field differences when participants overlearn the meaning of each pictogram. 15 students were required to judge whether the referent of each symbol was either larger or smaller than the referent of the standard stimulus (Test 1). Several days later the same task was conducted (Test 2). Although a right visual field advantage was observed in Test 1, it was not apparent at Test 2 after participants had studied the pictogram list repeatedly. These results suggest that pictograms might be processed in much the same way as other ordinary verbal stimuli at a very early stage of learning. Participants could, however, comprehend the pictograms by employing a kind of imagery processing after they were familiar with the symbols.
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Frommberger, Lutz, and Nuwan Waidyanatha. "Pictographs in Disaster Communication for Linguistically Challenged and Illiterate Populations." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 9, no. 2 (April 2017): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2017040103.

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This article describes how pictographs (or pictograms) can be an important means to communicate information about natural disasters to people that are lacking the capability to understand written text. This does not only include illiterates, but also foreigners not speaking the local language. While it is widely accepted that pictograph-based communication can play a major role, there is no established workflow to include this kind of symbols in early warning or disaster reporting practice. This article investigates the topic of pictograph-based communication systems, especially in the field of natural disasters, with a focus on the use of linguistically challenged populations. The authors analyze existing literature, take a look at existing pictograph resources, analyze a first field study with marginalized populations and derive conclusions for a design process for pictograph-based disaster communication systems.
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Knapp, Peter, David K. Raynor, Adel H. Jebar, and Sarah J. Price. "Interpretation of Medication Pictograms by Adults in the UK." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1e483.

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BACKGROUND Patients' ability to understand information about medication is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Rates of illiteracy worldwide indicate that written information alone cannot meet many patients' needs. Medication pictograms are an alternative, but may be culturally sensitive. Previous testing has used large pictograms, which are impractical for conventional drug information formats. OBJECTIVE To compare 2 sets of pictograms for instructions or warnings (from the US and South Africa) for understandability by adults in the UK and examine the effects of pictogram size and repeat presentation on understandability among older adults. METHODS In the first part of the study, 160 adults (aged 17–83 y) reviewed and interpreted 10 pictograms. In the second, 67 older adults (aged 65–96 y) were randomly assigned to review 10 small or large pictograms. After giving their interpretation, they were informed of the correct meaning. One week later, they were shown the same pictograms and gave their interpretation. RESULTS The pictograms for the 10 different instructions and warnings showed great variation in interpretation rates (7.5–90%), with few significant differences between the US and South African versions. Only 3 were understood by ≥85% of the population. Pictograms performed significantly better if they were larger and at the second presentation. CONCLUSIONS Pictograms have the potential to help patients understand information on drug therapy. This study shows that some existing pictograms are not easily interpreted and that testing is needed before their implementation. A reduction in their size to allow incorporation into conventional written formats may cause additional problems for patients.
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Schlaich, Sibylle, and Anita Meier-Walter. "The evolution of the elevator pictogram." Information Design Journal 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.1.07sch.

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Abstract This study draws attention to the challenging perception of two public information pictograms, ‘elevator’ and ‘toilet’. Both indicate the location of a destination. Although the semantic information is completely different, both pictograms partly depict the same: front view of standing human figures. In certain contexts (e.g., at airports or train stations), with people in a hurry and with users from different cultures, this can lead to confusion. In addition, the representation of human figures is increasingly being questioned on the basis of public and political discussions on gender issues. Moreover, attention to accessibility is also being incorporated in these two pictograms. Thus, both pictograms are undergoing an evolutionary process in order to meet current requirements. Do more messages require more complex pictograms? As a starting point, we conducted a comprehension test based on the method recommended by iso 9186-1. The results showed trends, but some questions regarding the two pictograms were not clearly understood by the test group members. Therefore, we conducted another test designed to determine the limits of the graphics depicted in these pictograms. We hope this study will help raise awareness about these issues. Finally, we offer five pointers for consideration when designing the elevator pictogram in the future.
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Abulhassan, Yousif, Dania Bani Hani, and Gerard A. Davis. "Effectiveness of Pictogram Instructions for Donning Smoke Hoods." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621340.

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Smoke hoods or respiratory protective emergency devices (RPEDs) are marketed to assist in evacuation from fire emergencies. Many smoke hood manufacturers often rely on pictograms to instruct proper donning procedures to smoke hood users. Comprehending the instructions delivered through pictograms plays an important role in properly donning a smoke hood, and avoiding further injuries or complications from improper usage of the smoke hood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pictogram instructions used by three types of smoke hoods for donning a smoke hood. Results of this study indicate that the type of pictogram instructions have a significant effect on the ability of a user to properly don a smoke hood. While detailed pictogram instructions help users properly don smoke hoods, they also have an impact on the time required to don a smoke hood.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pictograms"

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Yamashita, Maria Gabriela Nunes [UNESP]. "Análise de rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos segundo dados exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos e afins e de acordo com parâmetros de legibilidade tipográfica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89745.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os problemas relativos à leitura e compreensão dos rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos. O levantamento de tais problemas se deu por meio de entrevista realizada com agricultores da região de Londrina, PR. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico, foram obtidos parâmetros para a análise dos elementos tipográficos e da legibilidade de rótulos e bulas, que também foram avaliados segundo critérios exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos. Os resultados demonstraram que exigências da legislação não são cumpridas. Além disso, a legibilidade das informações contidas em rótulos e bulas é comprometida principalmente por dois motivos: o corpo reduzido das fontes utilizadas no texto e o emprego de famílias tipográficas inadequadas. Alguns pictogramas também demonstraram ser ineficientes, alcançando baixos níveis de compreensão e gerando definições ambíguas.
The present work had the purpose to analyze the problems relative to reading and comprehension of the labels and instructions of pesticides. The statistics farmers of the region of Londrinha, Paraná to leave from raising bibliographical were obtain parameters to analyze of typographical and the legibility of the labels and instructions that were evaluate according criterious to require by the pesticides's federal legislation. The results demonstrate that the legislations weren't executed. Besides, the legibility of the informations contained in labels and instructions is implicated by the utilization of inadequate typographic families and the reduced size of the fonts. Some pictograms demonstrate to be inefficient, to reaching low level of comprehension and producing ambiguous definitions.
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Klohn, Sara Copetti. "Ecodesign : desenvolvimento de pictogramas para o auxílio da desmontagem de produtos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17029.

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Partindo de questões da sustentabilidade ambiental voltadas para o ecodesign, esta pesquisa se propõe a desenvolver pictogramas para indicar os movimentos a serem realizados para que a pré-desmontagem - remoção da carcaça - de produtos, com junções snap-fits, seja feita. Para isso, agregou-se conhecimentos de design gráfico e de produto, a fim de compreender estes dois pontos principais e, assim, desenvolver grafismos que conseguissem transmitir as informações necessárias. Através de uma abordagem de ciclo de vida de produto, focou-se principalmente nas etapas finais, visando aumentar a sua vida útil e ampliar as suas possibilidades de reuso, reutilização e, por último, reciclagem. Para isso, a desmontagem é especialmente importante, pois é a partir dela que os produtos podem ser separados, consertados ou utilizados em outras funções. Algumas desmontagens de produtos foram realizadas e verificou-se uma deficiência na separação daqueles que possuíam junções snap-fits escondidas no seu interior. Esse tipo de união se mostra eficaz em grande parte dos seus usos, porém, a dificuldade registrada foi quando não se sabia onde estava o encaixe e ele acabava sendo quebrado ao se realizar alguma operação em local inadequado, a fim de abrir o produto. Dessa forma, snap-fits tipo loop e permanente foram selecionados para terem suas desmontagens indicadas e, assim, seu uso otimizado. O primeiro deles pode ser aberto produzindo-se uma alavanca, portanto seu pictograma indica "faça uma alavanca aqui". Já o segundo não pode ser aberto a menos que seja quebrado, portanto sua indicação é "quebre aqui". De autores consagrados na área de formas gráficas e percepção visual, foram extraídos cinco critérios de análise formal que serviram para analisar alguns pictogramas já existentes e se mostraram de grande auxílio para embasar o desenvolvimento dos novos. Após estudos formais, proposição de alguns pictogramas, análise dos mesmos e posterior aperfeiçoamento, chegou-se a quatro grafismos finais, que foram então testados com dez usuários, divididos em dois grupos. Para o teste, foram feitas simulações gráficas da aplicação destes pictogramas em produtos, estas imagens foram apresentadas aos usuários e eles descreveram qual seria a sua ação diante daquele pictograma. Os pictogramas tiveram interpretações, no mínimo, próximas daquilo que se pretendia informar. Considerou-se, portanto, que a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos foi eficaz e que os pictogramas são adequados para transmitir mensagens complexas através de formas simplificadas.
This research is about sustainability, ecodesign, and pictograms. It has the objective to develop pictograms in order to indicate movements necessary to make the predisassembly - moving out the housing - of some products which have junctions such as snap-fits. In order to achieve this objective some research about two essential subjects - product design and graphic design - were made. Life Cycle Design guided the investigation through the end of useful life time aspects. That intends to increase products' life time, making it possible to reuse, recover and recycle materials. Therefore, disassembly is quite important in this stage, because it allows products to be opened, fixed, and/or reused in other functions. Thus, several products were disassembled and some complications were observed on separating of the ones which have snap-fits junctions hidden in their interior. These types of junctions are generally efficient in most of their uses. However, in this research, the problems were found when it was not known where the snap-fits were located. As a result, they broke when an inadequate action was made intending to open the product. Consequently, the junctions chosen to be indicated by means of the pictograms were the snap-fits like non-releasing and loop. The first one can only be opened by breaking the junction, so, the pictogram will indicate "break here"; in the other case, the loop can be opened if a movement like a lever is made, so the pictogram for this one will be "make a lever here". Based on important authors of the visual perception subject, five formal analysis categories were grouped and used to analyze existent pictograms, and also to give information to the development of new ones. After some formal analysis, several pictograms were proposed and improved. Then four final pictograms were chosen to be tested with ten users, divided into two groups. The test consists in showing to the users a simulated image of the pictograms applied in real products, and asking them which would be their action to disassembly that product. As a result the pictograms were interpreted at least in close proximity to their real meaning. Therefore, the methodology utilized was considered efficient and the pictograms are adequate to transmit complex information trough a simple form.
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Zhang, Runfang 1975. "Lost calligraphy or reinvented motif : Chinese pictograms in Western fashion." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33951.

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This thesis investigates the complexity of cultural translation of visual language, considering writing systems both a profound shaping force and microcosmic reflection of the central elements of its culture. It focuses on the case of Chinese pictogram in Western everyday fashion; fashion is treated here as a site where the conceptual, aesthetic and cultural dynamics vividly interact with one another. This work probes what tensions are lost and added to the pictograms' cultural meaning in the process of translation, bearing in mind the two different aesthetic philosophies underlining Western and Chinese calligraphies. Seeing the complexity in the change of tensions, the thesis argues that nothing remains "authentic" in cultural translation, but the value of the encounter lies in the possibilities for each culture to reconsider itself in the corrective mirror of the Other.
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Matos, Ciro Roberto de. "Pictogramas e seu uso nas instruções médicas: estudo comparativo entre repertótios para instruções de uso de medicamentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-21102010-093920/.

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Pictogramas e seu uso nas instruções médicas: estudo comparativo entre repertórios para instruções de uso de medicamentos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar dois repertórios de pictogramas que representam instruções relacionadas ao uso e manipulação de medicamentos. A intenção é entender o seu processo de significação, adotando um protocolo qualitativo baseado nas dimensões semióticas da comunicação sígnica - pragmática, semântica e sintática - de Charles W. Morris. Para atingir este propósito, o estudo inicialmente resgata informações sobre os campos a que pertencem os pictogramas e os medicamentos - comunicação visual e área médica. Ele parte da elaboração de um panorama histórico dos principais fatos e pessoas que contribuíram com a produção e disseminação do uso de pictogramas para identificar as diferenças em sua utilização. Finalmente, verifica as aplicações e contribuições da comunicação visual na área médica.
Pictograms and their use in medical instructions: a comparative study between pictogram sets conveying instructions on the usage of medicine. This research aims to analyze two pictogram sets which represent instructions concerning the use and manipulation of medicine. The purpose is to understand their signification process by adopting a qualitative protocol, which is based on the signal communication semiotic dimensions - pragmatic, semantic and syntactic - by Charles W. Morris. In order to reach this goal, the study begins by presenting information about the fields where pictograms and medicine belong - visual communication and medical area. Then, with the intent to identify the differences in the use of pictograms, it formulates a historical panorama, which includes the main facts and people that contributed for the production and dissemination of these graphical symbols. Finally, it examines visual communication applications and contributions to medical area.
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Макарук, Лариса Леонідівна, and Larysa L. Makaruk. "The usage of pictograms and ideograms in modern mass media texts." Thesis, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 2010. http://evnuir.vnu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1062.

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Макарук Лариса Леонідівна - асистент кафедри прикладної лінгвістики Східноєвропейського національного університету імені Лесі Українки
Adam Glaz, Hubert Kowalewski, Anna Weremczuk (Department of English, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Lutz, Eva. "The FlashdrawA Participatory Methodology for the Design of Icons and Pictograms." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428652620.

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Emin, Yad, and Victoria Nilsson. "The development of pictograms for use on food products containing nuts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108363.

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Denna studie undersöker hur märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar kan göras tydligare för personer med nötallergi. Tidigare studier visar att det finns brister i dagens märkningar och att detta i sin tur skapar problem. Därför har denna studie som avsikt att ta reda på hur allergeninformation för nötallergiker kan förbättras och göras tydligare. Detta tillämpas genom att studiens forskare tar fram ett designförslag som ska komplettera obligatorisk märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar. För att ta reda på hur detta designförslag ska utformas inleds designprocessen med en litteraturstudie och där en cross-case-analys genomförs. Genom denna analys hittas trender och mönster i tidigare studier. Därefter tillämpas en design space-analys där trenderna, olika designprinciper samt forskarnas egna kunskaper kombineras för att utforska olika designalternativ. Alternativ som i slutändan skapar en grund för en design. Studiens forskare skapar symboler, närmare bestämt piktogram. Eftersom jordnötsallergi och nötallergi är olika typer av allergier skapas två stycken piktogram. Piktogrammen, som är cirkelformade, får ett varnande budskap som förmedlas med hjälp av färgerna gul och svart. Piktogrammen utvärderas och testas genom att fem personliga intervjuer genomförs. Intervjuerna görs med personer som är allergiska mot jordnötter och/eller nötter. Forskarna testar piktogrammen genom att placera dem på en livsmedelsförpackning och ställer sedan frågor om bl.a. första intryck, färger och placering. Analysen visar att piktogram mycket väl kan användas som kompletterande märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar. Vidare konstateras det att valet av färg inverkar på den association som sändaren vill förmedla. Intervjuerna visar även att piktogrammen fördelaktigt kan placeras på förpackningens framsida. Studiens syfte har uppnåtts till viss mån, då intervjuerna visar att det ena piktogrammet behöver utvecklas för att tydligare kommunikation för nötallergiker ska kunna skapas.
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Neves, João Vasco Matos. "Sistema de signos para informação turística." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21146.

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Tese de Doutoramento para obtenção do grau de Doutor com a especialização em Design, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa.
A maior afluência de pessoas a determinados locais, como aeroportos, zonas comerciais, eventos, serviços públicos, instalações turísticas, etc., suscitou a necessidade de orientar essas pessoas num espaço desconhecido e comunicar mensagens básicas com uma linguagem compreendida por uma maioria. Por outro lado essa mesma mobilidade trouxe consigo desenvolvimento rodoviário, ferroviário, marítimo e aéreo associado a um crescente fluxo de indivíduos que se deslocam por necessidades várias de um ponto para outro. Esse deslocamento, muitas vezes efectuado em espaços desconhecidos, despoletou a necessidade em apreender novas regras, as quais passam a ser formalizadas através de signos que facilitam o acesso ou a circulação a determinados locais. Para o presente projecto de investigação identificou‐se um problema concreto: os sistemas de signos para informação turística em Portugal, na Europa e no mundo são díspares, na sua maioria não se relacionam graficamente, são incoerentes do ponto de vista da sua concepção gráfica e não existe a nível europeu um sistema normalizado. Estrategicamente, encontra‐se no design uma resposta concreta para a obtenção de metodologias aplicadas à concepção e desenvolvimento de sistemas de signos para informação turística.
ABSTRACT: The highest affluence of people to certain places such as airports, commercial areas, events, public services, tourism installations, etc., led to the need to guide these persons in unknown places and to communicate basic messages with a language understandable by everyone. This mobility brought road, rail, maritime and aerial development associated with a growing flux of people that have to move from one side to another for different reasons. That movement has developed the need to learn new rules, which ones will be formalized through signs that make the access or the circulation to certain places easier. For the present research project a concrete problem was identified: the sign systems for tourism information in Portugal, Europe and in the entire world, are totally different from one another, having no graphic relationship, being incoherent from the graphic point of view and do not exist at a European level a normalized system. Strategically, there is a concrete answer on the design, to obtain applied methodologies to the conception and development of sign systems for touristic information.
N/A
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9

Castela, Ana Isabel Pereira. "Sistematização de normas informacionais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12009.

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Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Design de Comunicação, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura
Com esta investigação procurou-se estabelecer uma relação entre o Design e a Arqueologia, através do Design de Informação, mostrando o papel determinante que este pode ter na divulgação de uma área simultaneamente artística e científica, que é a do Desenho Arqueológico. Esta é uma área em que o emprego do Design não é uma preocupação primária, na medida em que a estruturação da informação em todo o processo é feita, grosso modo, a partir de ilações de natureza empírica. Partindo-se do conhecimento do estado da arte nos campos do Design e do Desenho Arqueológico, procedemos à análise da escassa e dispersa informação existente no segundo campo referido. A importância gráfica da iconografia realizada em Arqueologia tem no Desenho Arqueológico um dos seus principais protagonistas. Este, enquanto objecto artístico e científico, detém um papel informativo que, independentemente da sua inegável qualidade comunicativa e gráfica, cumpre determinados códigos de representação, nem sempre alcançáveis pelo público comum. É pois objectivo principal desta investigação a procura da definição de um sistema iconográfico mediador – composto por um conjunto de pictogramas -, com base no universo do Desenho Científico Arqueológico, de modo a tornar este mais acessível a um público generalista. Este processo exigirá assim que o Designer perceba e compreenda todas as fases, códigos e linguagens das áreas que tratará. Sendo assim, é essencial que o Design Informacional esteja presente neste mesmo processo, desde a recolha (escavação) até à exposição e/ou publicação das peças, tornando-se na ligação que agregará toda a informação necessária para a compreensão da linguagem arqueológica, tornando-se compreensível para qualquer visitante ou observador (quer seja um profissional, um entusiasta conhecedor do vocabulário em questão ou apenas um curioso leigo).
ABSTRACT: With this research, the objective was to establish a relationship between Design and Archaeology, through Information Design, showing the role that this may have on the dissemination of an area both artistic and scientific, as is the Archaeological Drawing. This is an area in which the use of the Design hasn’t been a primary concern, in the way that the structuring of the information in the whole process currently is made roughly from empirical conclusions. Based on knowledge acquired after the examination of the state of the art in the fields of Design and Archaeological Drawing, we analyzed the insufficient and scattered information in the second field mentioned. The importance of graphic iconography thought for Archaeology, has in the Archaeological Drawing one of its mains subjects. This, as an artistic and scientific object, holds an informational role, regardless of his undeniable quality and communicative graphics, it must meet certain codes of representation, not always achievable by common public. It is therefore the main objective of this research to look for a definition of a mediator iconographic system - consisting of a set of pictograms - based on the universe of the Scientific Archaeological Drawing in order to make this more accessible to a general audience. This process will require the Designer to know and understand all phases, codes and languages of the areas in question. Therefore, it is essential that the Information Design be present in the process, from the collection (excavation) to the exhibition and / or publication of the parts, becoming the connection that will aggregate all information necessary for understanding the archaeological universe, making it is understandable to any visitor or observer (whether a professional, an enthusiastic connoisseur of the vocabulary in question or just a curious layman).
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Schroeder, Matthew W. "Evaluation of an innovative, employee-driven sign on hand washing behavior changes using video observation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64282.

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Signs are commonly used in the foodservice industry to portray food safety messages. However, many of these signs do not consider employee preferences or current needs in the industry. Employee perceptions can provide crucial information about the design of effective food safety messages. Surveys were conducted with meat and poultry processing employers in the mid-Atlantic region to determine food safety needs in the industry. Follow-up focus groups in both English (5) and Spanish (5) were conducted based on language availability and size. The most important food safety topics were hand washing (60.9%), cleaning/sanitizing (78.3%), and cross contamination (69.9%). Employees believe that color, text, and multiple language options could increase employee recognition and retention of intended messages. New, employee-driven hand washing signs were developed from the information in the focus groups. Signs were evaluated by video observation through five hand washing practice behaviors (soap use, complete wash, time to wash, complete rinse, and towel use) at two different poultry processing facilities in the mid-Atlantic at three different time points (baseline, short term, and long term). Soap use significantly increased at both facilities when baseline data was compared to short term and long term time periods. Facility B showed a significant increase in washing, time, and rinsing when baseline data was compared to short term, which indicates that a new sign could increase hand washing compliance. Sign color had a significant effect on behavior for washing and time of washing, while time had a significant effect on behavior for four of five variables tested. New signs could be a useful way to encourage compliance to food safety message for multicultural employees; however, they may need to be frequently changed as workers tend to refer back to old habits.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Pictograms"

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Designalltag. Pictograms. Zurich: Designalltag, 2002.

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The international pictograms standard. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications, 1996.

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Bühler, Daniel. Universal, Intuitive, and Permanent Pictograms. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32310-3.

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Give me a sign!: What pictograms tell us without words. New York: Viking, 1997.

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Posch, Marc. Computer & Design: Logos, Piktogramme, Illustrationen, Desktop Publishing = logos, pictograms, illustrations, desktop publishing. München: Novum Press, 1993.

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Biderbost, Pablo, Nalia Rochin, and Ana Nieto-Librero. Learn to Create Pictograms in Excel With Data From Eurostat (2013–2018). 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529780758.

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Mobley, Jane, and Deborah Matherly. Using Pictograms to Make Transit Easier to Navigate for Customers with Communication Barriers. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22598.

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Søndergaard, Ole, Katrine Wochner, and Johan Adam Linneballe. Designer Ole Søndergaard: Corporate design, skriftdesign, piktogrammer, treaarbejder = Corporate design, type design, pictograms, woodworks. [København]: Vandkunsten, 2012.

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Kirk, Andy. Pictogram. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529776935.

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Ota, Yukio. Pictogram design. Tokyo: Shuichi Watanabe and Shigero Endo, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pictograms"

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Huggett, Renée. "Pictograms." In Graphs and Charts, 65–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11245-6_15.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Perceptory Pictograms." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 855. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_972.

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Diaz, Maria, Carlos Rosa, and Liliana Faria. "Moving Pictograms." In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 43–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86596-2_4.

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Strothotte, Christine, and Thomas Strothotte. "Pictograms as Words." In Seeing Between the Pixels, 191–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60361-7_11.

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Strothotte, Christine, and Thomas Strothotte. "Pictograms as Pictures." In Seeing Between the Pixels, 205–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60361-7_12.

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Bowkett, Steve, and Tony Hitchman. "Pictograms and hieroglyphs." In Visualising Literacy and How to Teach It, 125–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003184003-41.

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Kobayashi, Kei, and Junichi Hoshino. "Instruction Pictograms for Interactive Entertainment." In Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2021, 209–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89394-1_16.

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Bühler, Daniel. "Step 5: Evaluating the UIP Pictograms." In Universal, Intuitive, and Permanent Pictograms, 187–230. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32310-3_5.

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Bühler, Daniel. "Step 2: Understanding Visual Representation(s)." In Universal, Intuitive, and Permanent Pictograms, 11–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32310-3_2.

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Bühler, Daniel. "Step 1: Introduction, Goals, and Summary of the Process." In Universal, Intuitive, and Permanent Pictograms, 1–9. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32310-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pictograms"

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Monteiro, Silvia, Maria Lizete Heleno, Kirill Ispolnov, and Manuel Ribeiro. "SAFETY PICTOGRAMS PERCEPTION ANALYSIS." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.0743.

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Ito, Kazunari. "Pictogramming — programming learning environment using human pictograms." In 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2018.8363219.

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Kay, Matthew, and Michael Terry. "Communicating software agreement content using narrative pictograms." In the 28th of the international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1753856.

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Sasaki, Yoshihito. "Pictograms and Japanese Construal in Cognitive Linguistics." In – The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities 202. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2186-229x.2020.19.

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Ferreiraa, Rita, Emília Duartea, Carlos Rosaa, Paulo Noriegabc, Francisco Rebelobc, and Elena Noriegad. "Development of Pictograms Depicting the Five Moments of Hands Hygiene for Healthcare Workers: A User-Centered Design Approach." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100785.

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The Health Care-Associated Infections (HCAIs) are a serious health problem, having contributed to high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as an increase in associated costs. Together with a set of good practices, hand hygiene is considered one of the key measures of preventing and controlling the spread of HCAIs. However, compliance with hand hygiene is relatively low. Therefore, there is a well-recognized need for measures that increase compliance rates. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a set of pictograms that illustrate the "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene”. The pictograms depict the key moments where hand hygiene is a mandatory obligation to healthcare workers. In the design and validation of the pictograms, a user-centered design approach was adopted, involving the participation of health care workers through methods such as focus group sessions, the comprehensibility judgment test and the perceived adequacy, effectiveness and preference assessment questionnaire. The gathered results could serve to improve the effectiveness of the present campaigns, which are intended to promote hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers.
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Lucas-Alba, Antonio, Ana Hernando Mazón, María Teresa Blanch Micó, Diego Gutiérrez Pérez, José Ignacio Echeverría Villaspí, and Nicolás Landa Tejero-Garcés. "ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC SIGNS: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN HYBRID AND FULL MATRIX E-SIGNS." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3327.

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Road signs constitute a complex and growing communication system where different elements (pictograms, shapes, texts, etc.) are combined following different strategies. In this paper we have confronted drivers with a number of messages (congestion or road works, before, between, after location/s) developed as an adaptation of Advance Location Signs (class G, 1c in the 1968 Convention) to electronic displays. We manipulate two main factors a) the reading strategy (top-down vs. bottom-up) and the type of matrix display (hybrid, dissociating pictogram and text, vs. full matrix), in a repeated measures experimental design. The time taken to answer and the response given (correct, incorrect) was measured for each of the 24 message-blocks. Results show that the organization of the elements displayed is a key determinant for driver comprehension. Further thoughts on the need to understand the interplay between the formats adopted by static vs electronic message signs are provided.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3327
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Eric, D. "User Recognition of Standard A/V Control Pictograms." In IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.1994.582196.

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Monteiro, Silvia, Kirill Ispolnov, and Lizete Heleno. "Perception level of hazard pictograms by future engineers." In 2018 3rd International Conference of the Portuguese Society for Engineering Education (CISPEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cispee.2018.8593446.

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Klohn, Sara Copetti, and Fabiano de Vargas Scherer. "Relations between typography and pictograms in signage project." In 6th Information Design International Conference. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/designpro-cidi-13.

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Nakata, Tomoya, Takako Nonaka, Masahiro Yonezawa, and Tomohiro Hase. "AV remote controller to recognize handwritten pictograms and characters." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce.2011.5722598.

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Reports on the topic "Pictograms"

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Ertanowska, Delfina. MEMES AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND MANIPULATION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11073.

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The article considers memes as a short form of internet statement. Memes was discussed as a successor to the primary interpersonal communication in the form of rock drawings, pictures, pictograms, and hieroglyphs. In addition, the issue of memes as a tool of media and political manipulation has been described. Areas of discussion also include paid trolling and specialized media services to build a modern political campaign through memes. The use of memes as a political marketing tool was discussed.
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Byrne, William E., Susan M. Bradshaw, Neil A. Cronin, and David E. McDevitt. Structured Hierarchical Ada Presentation Using Pictographs (SHARP) definition, Application and Automation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada176990.

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