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Lindsay, Audrey K. "Perspectives on pictographs| Differences in rock art recording frameworks of the Rattlesnake Canyon pictograph panel." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1595010.
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<p>Rock art documentation often draws from a range of recording perspectives, in which each framework facilitates different recording goals, preconceptions, and methods. As a result, each recording project collects different types of information from a rock art panel. The intricate and visually striking rock art murals painted on rockshelter walls in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwestern Texas demand and benefit from the application of artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological documentation frameworks. </p><p> This research provided a case study that analyzed different recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural (41VV180), a Pecos River style pictograph panel located in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands. I applied a critical theoretical framework and the concept of “capta” to review and analyze the rock art documentation perspectives, methods, and materials collected from three major recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural. I focused on projects completed by artist Forrest Kirkland, the Texas Archeological Society (TAS) avocational archaeological Rock Art Task Force (RATF), and an illustration of the Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center’s (Shumla) recording process, to examine differences between artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological recording frameworks and methods. </p><p> This case study demonstrated the ways in which the specific framework or perspective of a recorder influenced the methods selected for documentation and the types of information collected during rock art recording. The results of this critical analysis showed that the different recording projects shared a similar goal: to preserve the Rattlesnake Canyon mural for future generations and continued archaeological study. The three different projects, however, drew from distinct recording frameworks that influenced the overall conception of the panel, the methods selected for recording, and the types of information collected. </p><p> In this case study, I suggested that rock art researchers, specifically those from a professional archaeological framework, value the incorporation of different perspectives and methods into rock art documentation. The inclusion of varied perspectives and methods brings different skillsets and expertise to rock art recording. In addition, each recording project gathers different kinds of information from rock art murals that can be used in different ways by subsequent recorders, researchers, and land managers. This critical analysis of previous rock art recording projects also demonstrated that existing rock art documentation legacy materials continue to serve as productive resources for further research, management, and public education purposes. </p>
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Wang, Tongyao. "Pictographic Education Handout: Significant Impact on Patients and Family Caregivers' Self-Efficacy on Tracheostomy Care." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case161945406039485.
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Colson, Alicia J. M. "An obsession with meaning : a critical examination of the pictograph sites of the Lake of Woods." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102795.
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Most researchers who study rock image sites tend to be interested in the meaning of images, even though they could obtain more empirical information about these images and their physical location. Furthermore, very little of the work done in the past on rock image sites has been systematic. In this thesis I address the dearth of detailed information on the images and their context. This thesis presents a thorough examination of the images of the twenty-seven pictograph sites in the Lake of the Woods, in the Canadian Shield. These pictograph sites were selected because they exhibit traits evident in rock image studies in other parts of the world.<br>This study is based on data collected during three months of fieldwork conducted in 2001. Images were found on cliff faces and inside caves. New images and new sites were found and identified.<br>Here, as elsewhere, the choice of theoretical approach influences the fieldwork, analysis, and search for meaning. Each prescribes the types of questions asked and determines the levels of understanding obtained about whichever form of archaeological evidence is being considered. The different but complementary theoretical approaches should be employed in a definite order. The same data must be examined in sequential order using these different approaches to increase the potential quantity and quality of information gained. Archaeologists should use the following sequence of approaches: culture-historical, contextual, followed by either the homological, or analogical approaches, or a combination of the latter two.<br>Classifying and describing any image is very difficult, since the level of description given to an image affects the way in which it can be analysed, and heavily influences the possible outcome of any discussion of perceived meaning. A rigorous examination of the images of these sites was conducted to (a) identify the possible vocabulary of images, (b) determine whether combinatory, rules exist, (c) reconstitute the life history of each site, and (d) ascertain whether the images can be related to other indigenous images to determine if this can provide information about the meaning(s) of the rock images. In assessing the meaning of the rock images, the images of a few birch bark scrolls were considered, since it was posited that a detailed investigation of the scrolls, the ethnographic record, and their pictographs might provide some answers regarding the meanings of the images found on the rock faces.
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Tosta, Paulo Antonio [UNESP]. "Identificação dos pictogramas de prevenção na manipulação das drogas utilizadas em laboratórios do Câmpus da UNESP de Jaboticabal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97018.
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tosta_pa_me_bauru.pdf: 1049326 bytes, checksum: 46aa71f144426192d8798be7104231a0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Os pictogramas são signos de comunicação visual que têm por função levar mensagens para o maior números de pessoas independentemente da nacionalidade, demandando maior velocidade de compreensão. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os alunos e técnicos, usuários dos laboratórios da UNESP/Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com objetivo de se avaliar a compreensibilidade de pictogramas impressos nos rótulos de drogas manipuladas nos diversos laboratórios durante o desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos. A pesquisa baseou em métodos científicos da ergonomia informacional para avaliação de compreensão e identificação dos pictogramas, utilizando-se de questionários previamente elaborados para este fim. Os resultados alcançados na aplicação dos testes mostraram um percentual de compreensão dos símbolos encontrados e pesquisados durante o presente estudo. Verifica-se que se obteve pictogramas com percentual de aceitabilidade e outros não atingiram o índice mínimo de aceitabilidade, de acordo com a ISO 9186, o teste de compreensão, indicando com isso, que será necessário ações efetivas para que os usuários sejam melhores informados antes da manipulação de tais drogas laboratoriais.<br>Pictograms are visual communication signs which provide the fastest comprehension and independently way of written communication. They have the function to take messages to the greatest number of people. The present research was carried out at FCAV-Câmpus de Jaboticabal/UNESP with students and lab technicians to evaluate the comprehensibility of printed pictograms on labels of chemical products during the development of scientific research. In order to evaluate the comprehension and identification of pictograms, the study was based on scientific methods of informational ergonomic, by elaborating appropriated questionnaires for this target. The results showed some pictograms with high percentual of recognition while others did not reach the minimum percentual of recognition. This result indicated the need of effective actions to improve the label comprehensibility, so that, the users can be better informed before manipulating the labs chemical products avoiding accidents.
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Gorla, Tommaso. "Orienting the Uncertain : Visual Ambiguity in Painting and Picture Writing." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0054.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse à l’utilisation délibérée de l’ambiguïté visuelle dans l’art en tant qu’outil potentiel pour augmenter l’impact de l’image et orienter la réponse du spectateur. En examinant des études de cas tirées de l’art de la Renaissance, et en les comparant à des exemples modernes ainsi qu'à des cas ethnographiques, le but de cette thèse est de montrer les prérogatives de l’ambiguïté comme un dispositif de production d’inférences, capable de générer des processus d’abduction qui non seulement engagent le spectateur dans son dialogue avec l’image, mais dirigent aussi la réflexion sur des chemins précis, dont la charge affective dépend précisément de leur nature fluctuante et instable. Entre histoire de l’art et anthropologie cognitive, la présente recherche tente également d’explorer la manière dont ces dispositifs d’orientation de la pensée trouvent une stabilité potentielle selon le régime spécifique du regard dans lequel ils sont situés<br>This research investigates deliberate use of visual ambiguity in art as a potential tool for orienting the beholder’s response and enhancing image-affect. By investigating case-studies from Renaissance art, and comparing them with further modern examples as well as ethnographic cases, the aim of this thesis is to show the prerogatives of ambiguity as an inference-producing device, capable of generating processes of abduction that will not only engage the beholder further in their dialogue with the image, but will also direct thought along precise paths, whose affective charge relies precisely in their fluctuating and unsettled nature. Between art history and cognitive anthropology, this research also tries to explore the ways in which such devices for thought-orientation find a potential stability according to the specific regime of gaze in which they are situated
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Soares, Alexsandro Pereira. "Análise de pictogramas (ícones) em aplicativos de smartphones: o caso do APP Meu Ônibus MOB - São Luís." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/647.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-03<br>This work has as study object the pictograms used in the application "My Bus - MOB". Does the analysis of the recognition of these pictograms by the user, trying to understand how he navigates the graphic interface and how is the process of recognition of graphics. In this study we investigated the pictograms and how they fit into the communication interface issues within the Graphic Design and Human-Computer Interface. As it is graphic interface evaluations were performed through ergonomic usability recommendations for icons, and also two tests involving the user which sought to understand the mental maps that is made from the icons of the labels produced by the application "My Bus - MOB" Production using the method presented by Krampen and ISO comprehension test 9186: 2001. So with the research done by the research can demonstrate the need for icons projetacão with user input in the design process in order to design icons with simple features, with a small number of elements in its visual construction to minimize noise in communication.<br>A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo os pictogramas utilizados no aplicativo Meu Ônibus MOB . Faz a análise do reconhecimento destes pictogramas pelo usuário, tentando compreender como ele navega pela interface gráfica e como se dá o processo de reconhecimento desses elementos gráficos. Nesse estudo foram investigados os pictogramas e como eles se inserem na comunicação, questões da interface no âmbito do Design Gráfico e a Interface Humano-Computador. Como se trata de interfaces gráficas foram realizadas avaliações através de recomendações ergonômicas de usabilidade para ícones, e também, dois testes envolvendo o usuário onde buscou compreender os mapas mentais que é feito a partir dos rótulos do ícones apresentados pelo aplicativo Meu Ônibus MOB utilizando o Método de Produção apresentado por Krampen e do Teste de compreensão da ISO 9186:2001. Assim, com os levantamentos feitos pela pesquisa, pode-se demonstrar a necessidade de projetacão de ícones com a inserção do usuário no processo de design a fim de conceber ícones com características simples, com um número reduzido de elementos em sua construção visual para minimizar os ruídos na comunicação.
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Shin, Seung-Geuk. "Microarray Analysis of Differential Expression of Genes in Shoot Apex and Young Leaf of English Ivy (Hedera helix L. cv. Goldheart)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1273946268.
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Materiality Matters: Constructing a Rhetorical Biography of Plains Indian Pictography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416670234.
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Moro, Gláucio Henrique Matsushita. "Pictograma e pictografia: objeto, representação e conceito." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1942.
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CAPES<br>Este trabalho examina a pictografia e sua força de construção representativa na constituição subjetiva das pessoas. A partir do estudo de pictogramas, investigação histórica, da construção simbólica nos preceitos de transformação e construção com o meio, é localizada a pictografia dentro da cultura, da linguagem, da semiótica e da tecnologia, utilizando iconografias de navegação presentes em interfaces de smartphones e criar um modelo de análise a fim de demonstrar o rastro na construção simbólica e subjetiva das pessoas.<br>The present paper analyzes pictography and its impact on the individual’s subjective nature. By studying pictograms, retracing their historical origins and investigating their symbolic qualities, as well as how those meanings are created and transformed by the environment in which they exist, this paper places pictography within the realms of culture, language, semiotics and technology. It uses the iconography found in smartphone interfaces as the foundation for an analytic model in order to demonstrate the traces left by process of symbolic construction on the individual.
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Cho, Heeryon. "Analysis of Cultural Differences in Pictogram Interpretations." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123848.
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Pezo, Maria Antonieta. "A cadeia associativa grupal e o pictograma grupal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-12112014-114948/.
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A pesquisa aborda teórica e clinicamente a cadeia associativa grupal e sua especificidade, quando se utiliza como mediador terapêutico o pictograma grupal. Ela tem como objetivo acrescentar e aprofundar o estudo já realizado, no qual o desenhar conjunto pode introduzir modalidades associativas específicas que articulam o discurso do sujeito e do grupo (Pezo, 2009). O trabalho com grupos instaura processos associativos distintos dos descritos pela psicanálise, no enquadre clássico, segundo Kaës (1994, 2005, 2008, 2010) devido à presença de vários sujeitos simultaneamente e aos efeitos da interdiscursividade. Com o conceito de cadeia associativa grupal, Kaës (1985) define a especificidade da associação livre, que junto com a transferência e a interpretação, permitem o conhecimento dos efeitos do inconsciente no grupo. As cadeias articulam processos inter-relacionados entre si, as associações do sujeito singular e as produzidas intersubjetivamente no grupo. Quando, para além da palavra, se inclui no grupo um mediador terapêutico, como o pictograma grupal, o processo associativo apresenta marcas específicas. Entre elas, uma cadeia associativa de: traço para desenho; de desenho para desenho; de desenho para palavra; de palavra para narrativa. No pictograma grupal, aspectos inusitados, impensados se incluem de maneira semelhante ao lapso de linguagem graças ao trabalho do pré-consciente, do desenhar conjunto e, fundamentalmente, aos efeitos da presença múltipla de sujeitos. A consulta terapêutica proposta por Winnicott para atender crianças reconhece o valor da utilização do método psicanalítico em um atendimento, sem por isso estar realizando uma psicanálise padrão. Esse modelo de consulta é estendido para o atendimento de grupo e família, com o uso do pictograma grupal, em situações pontuais. Propõe-se a utilidade do mediador no trabalho institucional com pacientes psicóticos, psicossomáticos, com tendência de passagem ao ato. Considera-se que o recurso do pictograma grupal, ainda pouco explorado no campo das práticas institucionais, pode ser um facilitador para enunciar aquilo que não pode ser nomeado ou representado simbolicamente devido ao medo, ou a mecanismos como a repressão, o recalque, a denegação, entre outros. As cadeias associativas grupais propiciadas pelo uso do pictograma grupal evidenciam que simultaneamente é possível elaborar e transformar o sujeito apropriando-se subjetivamente da experiência, as relações intersubjetivas e o grupo, graças ao trabalho associativo grupal. Utilizamos o pictograma, em consultas terapêuticas com grupos e com famílias, em um enquadre de dois a três encontros. Destacamos a relevância do pictograma grupal, em outros contextos como situações traumáticas individuais ou sociais<br>This research discusses, from a theoretical and clinical point of view, the group association chain and its specificity when one uses the group pictogram as therapeutic mediator. Its goal is to add to and deepen the study previously made, in which the collective drawing may introduce specific kinds of association that articulate the subjects and the groups speech (Pezo, 2009). Working with groups creates association processes different from the ones described by psychoanalysis in the classical model, according to Kaës (1994, 2005, 2008, 2010) due to the presence of various subjects simultaneously and to the effects of interdiscursivity. This concept developed by Kaës (1985) defines the specificity of free association which, together with transfer and interpretation, allows one to know the unconscious impact on a group. The chains articulate interrelated processes, the single subject associations and the ones inter-subjectively created by the group. When one includes a therapeutic mediator beyond the word, such as the group pictogram, the association process presents unique characteristics, among them an association chain from: trait to drawing; from drawing to drawing, from drawing to word and from word to narration. In the group pictogram unprecedented and unthought aspects are similarly included in the language slip thanks to the work of the preconscious, the drawing together and, basically, to the effects of the presence of multiple subjects. The therapeutic session proposed by Winnicott acknowledges the value of using the psychoanalytic method in a process, which does not mean that one is performing a standard psychoanalytic treatment. This session method is extended to the group and family treatment, using the group pictogram in punctual situations. Our proposal is to use a mediator for the institutional work with psychotic patients, tending to proceed to the act with psychosomatic traumas due to difficulty to communicate only orally. It is believed that the group pictogram resource, which is still little exploited in the institutional practices area, may facilitate the enunciation of something that cannot be named or symbolically represented due to fear or mechanisms such as suppression, repression and denegation, among others. The group association chains provided by the use of the group pictogram show that it is possible to develop and transform at the same time: the individual subjectively acquiring the experience, the intersubjective relationships and the group, thanks to the group association work and the effects of intersubjectivity and interdiscursivity. We have used the pictogram in therapeutic sessions with groups and families in a model of two or three sessions. We would like to point out the relevance of the group pictogram in other contexts such as individual or social traumatic situations
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Matos, Ciro Roberto de. "Pictogramas e seu uso nas instruções médicas: estudo comparativo entre repertótios para instruções de uso de medicamentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-21102010-093920/.
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Pictogramas e seu uso nas instruções médicas: estudo comparativo entre repertórios para instruções de uso de medicamentos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar dois repertórios de pictogramas que representam instruções relacionadas ao uso e manipulação de medicamentos. A intenção é entender o seu processo de significação, adotando um protocolo qualitativo baseado nas dimensões semióticas da comunicação sígnica - pragmática, semântica e sintática - de Charles W. Morris. Para atingir este propósito, o estudo inicialmente resgata informações sobre os campos a que pertencem os pictogramas e os medicamentos - comunicação visual e área médica. Ele parte da elaboração de um panorama histórico dos principais fatos e pessoas que contribuíram com a produção e disseminação do uso de pictogramas para identificar as diferenças em sua utilização. Finalmente, verifica as aplicações e contribuições da comunicação visual na área médica.<br>Pictograms and their use in medical instructions: a comparative study between pictogram sets conveying instructions on the usage of medicine. This research aims to analyze two pictogram sets which represent instructions concerning the use and manipulation of medicine. The purpose is to understand their signification process by adopting a qualitative protocol, which is based on the signal communication semiotic dimensions - pragmatic, semantic and syntactic - by Charles W. Morris. In order to reach this goal, the study begins by presenting information about the fields where pictograms and medicine belong - visual communication and medical area. Then, with the intent to identify the differences in the use of pictograms, it formulates a historical panorama, which includes the main facts and people that contributed for the production and dissemination of these graphical symbols. Finally, it examines visual communication applications and contributions to medical area.
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Zhang, Runfang 1975. "Lost calligraphy or reinvented motif : Chinese pictograms in Western fashion." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33951.
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This thesis investigates the complexity of cultural translation of visual language, considering writing systems both a profound shaping force and microcosmic reflection of the central elements of its culture. It focuses on the case of Chinese pictogram in Western everyday fashion; fashion is treated here as a site where the conceptual, aesthetic and cultural dynamics vividly interact with one another. This work probes what tensions are lost and added to the pictograms' cultural meaning in the process of translation, bearing in mind the two different aesthetic philosophies underlining Western and Chinese calligraphies. Seeing the complexity in the change of tensions, the thesis argues that nothing remains "authentic" in cultural translation, but the value of the encounter lies in the possibilities for each culture to reconsider itself in the corrective mirror of the Other.
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Mavrommati, Theodora D. "A pictographic method for teaching Greek spelling to dyslexic children." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297716.
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Johnston, Brendan Ashley. "Characterizing Virtual Prototype Constructability Programming for the Pictographic Instruction of Procedure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29295.
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The modern design-construction boundary is facing an unprecedented moment of evaluation. Global applications of building information modeling, including virtual prototyping, factory-based component procurement and industrialized site production are only a few of the forces that threaten to engulf the established façades of architecture, engineering and construction practice. Those professional identities that are unable or unwilling to reach deeply into this oncoming torrent of interoperability, integrated delivery, and infinite domains will be lost. It is even possible that the language of building culture will be washed away forever. Preparations should be made.
This research proposes to strengthen available built-project communications. It does so by examining the natural architectonic relationships which exists at the most primitive level of production â about the assembly task. A work and its procedures are investigated through the programming interface of a Virtual Prototype (VP) modeling system. With visualized constructability as its goal, this study highlights the character of VP programming as it translates between design and production information with digital specificity.
The results of that investigation fashion a test of a new production communications language with the potential to enrich and refresh the insulate expressions and hollow specification of traditional design communications.<br>Ph. D.
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Lutz, Eva. "The FlashdrawA Participatory Methodology for the Design of Icons and Pictograms." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428652620.
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Emin, Yad, and Victoria Nilsson. "The development of pictograms for use on food products containing nuts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108363.
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Denna studie undersöker hur märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar kan göras tydligare för personer med nötallergi. Tidigare studier visar att det finns brister i dagens märkningar och att detta i sin tur skapar problem. Därför har denna studie som avsikt att ta reda på hur allergeninformation för nötallergiker kan förbättras och göras tydligare. Detta tillämpas genom att studiens forskare tar fram ett designförslag som ska komplettera obligatorisk märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar. För att ta reda på hur detta designförslag ska utformas inleds designprocessen med en litteraturstudie och där en cross-case-analys genomförs. Genom denna analys hittas trender och mönster i tidigare studier. Därefter tillämpas en design space-analys där trenderna, olika designprinciper samt forskarnas egna kunskaper kombineras för att utforska olika designalternativ. Alternativ som i slutändan skapar en grund för en design. Studiens forskare skapar symboler, närmare bestämt piktogram. Eftersom jordnötsallergi och nötallergi är olika typer av allergier skapas två stycken piktogram. Piktogrammen, som är cirkelformade, får ett varnande budskap som förmedlas med hjälp av färgerna gul och svart. Piktogrammen utvärderas och testas genom att fem personliga intervjuer genomförs. Intervjuerna görs med personer som är allergiska mot jordnötter och/eller nötter. Forskarna testar piktogrammen genom att placera dem på en livsmedelsförpackning och ställer sedan frågor om bl.a. första intryck, färger och placering. Analysen visar att piktogram mycket väl kan användas som kompletterande märkning på livsmedelsförpackningar. Vidare konstateras det att valet av färg inverkar på den association som sändaren vill förmedla. Intervjuerna visar även att piktogrammen fördelaktigt kan placeras på förpackningens framsida. Studiens syfte har uppnåtts till viss mån, då intervjuerna visar att det ena piktogrammet behöver utvecklas för att tydligare kommunikation för nötallergiker ska kunna skapas.
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Persson, Sara, and Johanna Wendel. "Förstår du mig? : Pedagogens kunskap om bliss, punktskrift, pictogram och teckenspråk." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-574.
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Tomizawa, Takaaki. "Pictogram: The Design and Implementation of a New Visual Programming Language." NSUWorks, 1999. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/884.
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The objective of this dissertation was to design and implement a platform-independent, distributed visual programming language / visual programming environment (VPUVPE) called the PictGram system. PictGram (PICTorial proGRAMming) is based on the functional programming paradigm. The PictGram system required the development of three challenging components: (1) a visual lexical specification for graphical tokens, (2) a visual syntactic definition specifying rules by which expressions can be legally combined, and (3) a visual parsing mechanism for graphically represented programs. The construction of PictGram has required an intensive analysis of theories for distributed functional programming languages, and extensive experiments of possible VPUVPE implementation. The theoretical investigation developed a formalism of functional programming language in three design phases: (1) a lexical representation of a visual primitive, (2) visually-expressed syntactic rules for the lexical representation, and (3) semantic interpretation of the visual expression. The practical experiments have integrated such formalisms into two realistic implementation components: (1) a front-end of PictGram manages a construction of the visual expression and (2) a back-end of PictGram, a distributed interpreter, evaluates the visual expression. PictGram was constructed by integrating three sub-goals: (1) to develop a theory of PictGram VPUVPE, (2) to design and implement the PictGram VPUVPE, and (3) to integrate PictGram VPUVPE with distributed interpreters. Pic/Gram allows the users to construct a graphically-represented source program. Pic/Gram translates such a graphical expression into textual expression, then uses an interpreter to evaluate the expression. The result is then translated back to an appropriate graphical form. All programming activities are supported interactively through the system's graphical user interface. This dissertation has investigated visual programming methodologies based on a functional programming paradigm, and a visual programming system, PictGram, has been suggested. A lexeme is expressed by the graphical user components, and a syntactic relationship is specified by the click-and-drop operation. The semantics of the graphically-represented source programs are interpreted by the distributed interpreters. PictGram provides a simple interface that supports a general programming language paradigm.
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Stringer, Lee H., Richard N. Herrier, and David A. Apgar. "Design and Evaluation of a Dosing Schedule Pictogram for an Elderly Population." The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614584.
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Class of 2011 Abstract<br>OBJECTIVES: To design and evaluate a dosing schedule pictogram in an elderly population. To identify possible reasons for misunderstanding of a dosing schedule pictogram and, if appropriate, redesign the pictogram to reflect reasons for misunderstanding.
METHODS: Through a modified focus group analysis involving residents of a retirement community in Tucson, Arizona, the understandability of a morning-noon-night color pictogram was assessed. Residents’ interpretation of the pictogram as correct or incorrect was assessed using a decision-tree analysis. The percentage of correct responses was calculated and compared to established pictogram criteria for acceptability. Lastly, potential reasons for misunderstanding were assessed.
RESULTS: Thirteen residents, six males and seven females, participated in the study. The rate of correct interpretation was 84.6%, which nearly satisfies the ANSI criterion of 85% correct and far exceeds the ISO criterion of 67% correct. Two participants incorrectly interpreted the pictogram, but their comments, however, indicated good comprehension of time of day.
CONCLUSION: The dosing schedule pictogram was correctly interpreted by a majority of study participants satisfying industry standards. Further analysis of this design is warranted.
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Bendapudi, Vikram M. "Pictogram System to Resolve Language Barriers in Medical Communication, Investigation, Diagnosis and Treatment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491562397712182.
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Tinte, Lyckeving Emelie. "”Är det där ett hav eller?” : En undersökning om ungdomars tolkning av pictogram." Thesis, Konstfack, IBIS - Institutionen för bild- och slöjdpedagogik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5764.
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AbstraktDenna undersökning fokuserar på en variant av särskolans bildspråkliga kommunikation,pictogram, i syfte att utveckla en mer inkluderande bildundervisning i grundskolan. Vidareundersöks hur bilderna tolkas av personer som aldrig mött dessa bilder förr. Har bilderna etttydligt kommunikativt innehåll?För att få ett så brett underlag som möjligt för studien har jag mig använt mig av enmetodkombination med en fokusgrupp. Fokusgruppen består av några ungdomar igymnasieåldern.Utifrån det kollektiva samarbete deltagandet gjorde fick jag svar på min frågeställning.Med hjälp av resultatet av min undersökning har jag utformat ett pedagogiskt verktyg i formav ett memoryspel. Spelets mening är att lära, tolka och förstå bildernas betydelse genominteraktion med andra och genom lek. Spelandet blir nyckeln till förståelsen avpictogrambildernas betydelseNedanstående punkter binder samman resultatet av min undersökning av pictogrambildernamed memoryspelet som jag gjorde i min gestaltning och dess pedagogiska syfte.1. Bilder som kan avläsas direkt.2. Bilder som kan förstås när de blivit förklarade och kopplade till ett begrepp man kan.3. Bilder som visar abstrakta begrepp som helt enkelt måste läras in i ett sammanhang.1
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Heyns, Jeanne. "The effectiveness of using pictograms and text on medication labels at primary healthcare facilities in Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7480.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm<br>Background 2
Medication labels are often the only information available to patients after obtaining medication 3 from the pharmacy or other healthcare practitioners. Inappropriately designed medicine labelling 4 contributes to poor interpretation and improper use, which could adversely affect patient health 5 outcomes. In developing countries, pictograms (pictures representing words or phrases), on 6 medicine labels tend to support patients’ ability to read, understand and recall information. 7
8
Objective 9
This comparative study examined low-literate participants’ interpretation of ‘text-and-pictogram’ 10 instructions versus ‘routine text-only’ instructions relative to the intended medicine use 11 instructions on an oral rehydration (OR) dry mixture sachet in public sector Community Health 12 Centres (CHCs) in Cape Town. 13
14
Method 15
CHCs, (n=4) from Tygerberg (Cape Town) sub-district were recruited. Two trained data collectors 16 recruited participants from the paediatric section’s waiting area. Participants were either shown an 17 OR medicine label containing both “text-and-pictograms” (experimental group) and one 18 containing “routine text-only” (control group) instructions. Data regarding understanding of six 19 instructions for use on the medicine label were recorded. Responses were scored according to a 3-20 point Likert scale and compared for each question, to calculate which of the experimental or 21 control group answered better. Responses to the questions to explain the observed deviation 22 between the participant interpretation of the label and the intended message of the label, was noted. 23 Responses were recorded and transcribed. Open-ended questions regarding label interpretation and 24 preference were thematically analysed.
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Smith, Benjamin Wellard. "Rock art in south-central Africa : a study based on the pictographs of Dedza District, Malawi and Kasama District, Zambia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283703.
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Yamashita, Maria Gabriela Nunes [UNESP]. "Análise de rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos segundo dados exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos e afins e de acordo com parâmetros de legibilidade tipográfica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89745.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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yamashita_mgn_me_bauru.pdf: 3853810 bytes, checksum: 95d8eea961a0f97399b6238a52a32bf1 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os problemas relativos à leitura e compreensão dos rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos. O levantamento de tais problemas se deu por meio de entrevista realizada com agricultores da região de Londrina, PR. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico, foram obtidos parâmetros para a análise dos elementos tipográficos e da legibilidade de rótulos e bulas, que também foram avaliados segundo critérios exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos. Os resultados demonstraram que exigências da legislação não são cumpridas. Além disso, a legibilidade das informações contidas em rótulos e bulas é comprometida principalmente por dois motivos: o corpo reduzido das fontes utilizadas no texto e o emprego de famílias tipográficas inadequadas. Alguns pictogramas também demonstraram ser ineficientes, alcançando baixos níveis de compreensão e gerando definições ambíguas.<br>The present work had the purpose to analyze the problems relative to reading and comprehension of the labels and instructions of pesticides. The statistics farmers of the region of Londrinha, Paraná to leave from raising bibliographical were obtain parameters to analyze of typographical and the legibility of the labels and instructions that were evaluate according criterious to require by the pesticides's federal legislation. The results demonstrate that the legislations weren't executed. Besides, the legibility of the informations contained in labels and instructions is implicated by the utilization of inadequate typographic families and the reduced size of the fonts. Some pictograms demonstrate to be inefficient, to reaching low level of comprehension and producing ambiguous definitions.
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Schroeder, Matthew W. "Evaluation of an innovative, employee-driven sign on hand washing behavior changes using video observation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64282.
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Signs are commonly used in the foodservice industry to portray food safety messages. However, many of these signs do not consider employee preferences or current needs in the industry. Employee perceptions can provide crucial information about the design of effective food safety messages. Surveys were conducted with meat and poultry processing employers in the mid-Atlantic region to determine food safety needs in the industry. Follow-up focus groups in both English (5) and Spanish (5) were conducted based on language availability and size. The most important food safety topics were hand washing (60.9%), cleaning/sanitizing (78.3%), and cross contamination (69.9%). Employees believe that color, text, and multiple language options could increase employee recognition and retention of intended messages. New, employee-driven hand washing signs were developed from the information in the focus groups. Signs were evaluated by video observation through five hand washing practice behaviors (soap use, complete wash, time to wash, complete rinse, and towel use) at two different poultry processing facilities in the mid-Atlantic at three different time points (baseline, short term, and long term). Soap use significantly increased at both facilities when baseline data was compared to short term and long term time periods. Facility B showed a significant increase in washing, time, and rinsing when baseline data was compared to short term, which indicates that a new sign could increase hand washing compliance. Sign color had a significant effect on behavior for washing and time of washing, while time had a significant effect on behavior for four of five variables tested. New signs could be a useful way to encourage compliance to food safety message for multicultural employees; however, they may need to be frequently changed as workers tend to refer back to old habits.<br>Ph. D.
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Bergklint, Fia. "Kommunikation ur ett lärandeperspektiv : Studier genomförda i tre klasser i särskolan och grundskolan." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Special Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28839.
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Heyns, Jeanne. "The effectiveness of using pictograms and text on medication labels at primary healthcare facilities in Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7372.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm<br>Medication labels are often the only information available to patients after obtaining medication 3 from the pharmacy or other healthcare practitioners. Inappropriately designed medicine labelling 4 contributes to poor interpretation and improper use, which could adversely affect patient health 5 outcomes. In developing countries, pictograms (pictures representing words or phrases), on 6 medicine labels tend to support patients’ ability to read, understand and recall information. 7
8
Objective 9
This comparative study examined low-literate participants’ interpretation of ‘text-and-pictogram’ 10 instructions versus ‘routine text-only’ instructions relative to the intended medicine use 11 instructions on an oral rehydration (OR) dry mixture sachet in public sector Community Health 12 Centres (CHCs) in Cape Town
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De, La Lama Luisa. "Positive and Holistic Couple Relationship Development, the Soul Mates Model, and select Pictograms of Alchemy: A Visual Autoethnography." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5675.
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To help contemporary couples successfully navigate the 21st Century’s individualistic, diverse, multicultural, global, postmodern relationship environment, individual, couple, and family counselors, marriage therapists, couple therapists, family psychologists, relationship coaches, marriage educators, counselor educators, and other helping professionals need to understand and promote the positive, strengths-based, holistic, and wellbeing development of couple relationships to help them succeed and flourish in the long- term.
This qualitative, narrative, visual autoethnography explores the researcher’s own experience of the culture of her 27-year long soul mate relationship with her partner through the lens of Positive and Holistic Couple Relationship Development Theory (PHRDT), its 7- phase Soul Mates Model, including encounter and dating, commitment, intimacy, building a life, shadow and adversity, renewal, and completion, resulting in the metaphorical development of the philosopher’s stone or gold of the philosophers, and its 12 positive relationship development principles. The study also explores the meanings derived from 8 alchemical pictograms associated with the Soul Mates Model’s 7 phases, which of the 12 positive principles played out in her relationship, and the effectiveness of her and her partner’s deliberate efforts at positive relationship building, as well as how these experiences may inform her teaching and practice.
Based on the findings, which include the recall of fourteen years of spiritual, psychic, and visionary encounters with her partner before they met, the researcher concludes that she and her partner are not only soul mates engaged in the soul mating process, but also twin souls, linked together by an unfathomable bond that has helped them develop intimacy, remain bonded through adversity, and flourish as a couple in the long-term. Additionally, the researcher concludes that the Soul Mates Model and 8 alchemical pictograms are useful mythopoeic tools to explore the positive and holistic development of the couple relationship, that all 12 positive principles played out in her relationship, and that the process of soul mating may be taught to others with help of strategic positive, holistic, and mythopoeic interventions, yet that twin- soulship cannot be taught. She thus concludes that soul mates can be grown, yet twin souls must be born.
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Yamashita, Maria Gabriela Nunes. "Análise de rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos segundo dados exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos e afins e de acordo com parâmetros de legibilidade tipográfica /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89745.
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Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos<br>Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva<br>Banca: Luis Gonzaga Campos Porto<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os problemas relativos à leitura e compreensão dos rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos. O levantamento de tais problemas se deu por meio de entrevista realizada com agricultores da região de Londrina, PR. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico, foram obtidos parâmetros para a análise dos elementos tipográficos e da legibilidade de rótulos e bulas, que também foram avaliados segundo critérios exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos. Os resultados demonstraram que exigências da legislação não são cumpridas. Além disso, a legibilidade das informações contidas em rótulos e bulas é comprometida principalmente por dois motivos: o corpo reduzido das fontes utilizadas no texto e o emprego de famílias tipográficas inadequadas. Alguns pictogramas também demonstraram ser ineficientes, alcançando baixos níveis de compreensão e gerando definições ambíguas.<br>Abstract: The present work had the purpose to analyze the problems relative to reading and comprehension of the labels and instructions of pesticides. The statistics farmers of the region of Londrinha, Paraná to leave from raising bibliographical were obtain parameters to analyze of typographical and the legibility of the labels and instructions that were evaluate according criterious to require by the pesticides's federal legislation. The results demonstrate that the legislations weren't executed. Besides, the legibility of the informations contained in labels and instructions is implicated by the utilization of inadequate typographic families and the reduced size of the fonts. Some pictograms demonstrate to be inefficient, to reaching low level of comprehension and producing ambiguous definitions.<br>Mestre
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Louw, Tatum. "Analysing the effectiveness of pictograms as a hazard communication mechanism to reduce child exposure to chemicals in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33762.
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Hazard communication mechanisms are essential for informing child caregivers of the dangers associated with chemical products. However, for caregivers to protect their own health and their children from the harm of toxic chemicals, it is important that they understand label information as scientifically intended. Therefore, to accommodate parts of society that have a lack of access to education, the placement of hazard communication pictograms on labels have been introduced to overcome literacy barriers. Many research studies have been conducted on the comprehensibility of pictograms and have found that many barriers exist in end-users being able to understand the intended message behind the pictogram. This study, therefore, explores further the awareness and comprehension of pictogram comprehensibility among caregivers in South Africa that have different backgrounds and living experiences. The study employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional design. The study was conducted with farmworkers from a farm in Paarl and students from the University of Cape Town. Two different data collection tools were used: a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to farmworkers (taking into account literacy barriers) and an online questionnaire to students due to unforeseen circumstances (COVID-19), that put a pause on face-to-face questionnaires being administered among UCT students. Both groups received the same questions except for small adjustments made to the online questionnaire to accommodate the platform. Data for the face-to-face questions were stored in the data collection application, CommCare, and transferred to Excel for quantitative analysis. The online questionnaire was administered through a Google form that was emailed to all students at the university by the Department of Student Affairs and data were then transferred to excel for quantitative analysis. The qualitative data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach where themes were created from theory in the literature and word repetitions that emerged from the respective group responses. Based on the overall results, comprehension of the pictograms varied greatly between caregiver groups indicating harmonization is necessary. Although beyond the scope of this study, the difference amongst the perception of danger warrants further analysis on whether age, educational level, perception of danger, lived experiences, and environmental exposure play a role in the two groups' comprehension of pictograms. The study focused on the already existing Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) pictograms as well as newly proposed ones to communicate the “Keep out of reach of children” message. Based on the overall results, what the pictograms represented varied greatly between the different caregiver groups, indicating that comprehension differs largely, and harmonization has not been entirely achieved as desired by the GHS. However, the study concludes that participants place responsibility on the chemical industry to make information about the harmful effects about their products more accessible to communities through educational talks, social media, experts at the point of sale to explain any potential hazards, and through the use of billboards and flyers. Though difficult to achieve, it is suggested that conversation amongst chemical legislators and industry commence on how to include the voice of end-users in the development and implementation of hazard communication strategies.
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Dobrovolskytė, Renata. "Rašto ir vaizdo vienybė kaip pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumo skatinimo priemonė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_180723-56305.
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Rašto reikšmė žmogui nekelia jokių abejonių. Rašto paminklai kuria istoriją ir perduoda ją ateities kartoms. Tik rašytiniai šaltiniai pajėgūs patvirtinti mūsų spėjimų apie praeitį pagrįstumą, jie rodo kelią, kurį nuėjo atskiros žmonių kartos ir visa žmonija įvairiose kultūros srityse.
Raštas perėjo kelias raidos pakopas – piktografinę (piešininę), ideografinę (sąvokinę), skiemeninę ir raidinę. Pirmoji pakopa –piktograma – reiškia tam tikrą sugrupuotą, susistemintą piešinių vaizdą, kuriuo pasakoma, arba tiksliau – išreiškiamas koks nors įvykis. Mokant rašto pradinių klasių mokinius, ši rašto raidos pakopa yra labai svarbi – piešti pradinių klasių mokiniai ir gali, ir nori, todėl esama nemažai metodinių knygų, skirtų šio amžiaus vaikams, kuriose kiekviena abėcėlės raidė yra dailiai nupiešta, jai skirtas eilėraštis, ją dažniausiai siekiama asocijuoti su kokiu nors pradinukui gerai žinomu daiktu. Tai rodo, kad piktogramos pažinimas yra neprilygstama pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumą skatinanti priemonė.
Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti piktogramos pažinimo įtaką pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumui. Tyrimo objektas – pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumas. Tyrimo hipotezė – pradinių klasių mokiniai geriau įsisavina raštą, mokant jo drauge su vaizdu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: apžvelgti menotyrinę, pedagoginę, psichologinę literatūrą pasirinkta tema; pateikti bendriausius rašto sistemų raidos istorinius apmatus; apibūdinti pradinių klasių mokinių vizualinės raiškos ir mąstymo ypatumus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The meaning of script does not have any doubts to a human. The records of writing create the history and give it to future generations. Only the written records are able to prove the validity of our guess about the future, they show the way which different generations and all humanity in different spheres of culture went.
Script passed several parts of development- pictographic and ideographic, syllabic and literal. First part- pictography means assorted and structured image of the picture by which some event is expressed. Teaching writing the lower class students this part is very important- they want to draw and are able to do it, so there are a lot of methodological books designated to the children of this age. In these books every letter of the alphabet is smartly drawn, poems are assigned to each letter, often it is tried to associate it with some thing well known to infants. It shows that the knowledge of the pictography is incomparable means which stimulates children to write.
The aim of the research: to reveal the influence of the knowledge of the pictography to the literacy of the lower class students.
The object of the research: the literacy of the lower classes.
The hypothesis of the research: the children of the lower class master writing better when it is taught together with the visuals.
The aims of the research: to overlook the artistic, pedagogical, psychological literature of the chosen theme, to give the most general drafts of the systems of the script... [to full text]
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Ullbors, Kristina. "Jag läser och förstår det intressanta : Tillgänglig, förståelig och intressant information för personer med lindrig till måttlig utvecklingsstörning. Information på FUB:s webbplats, som skrift i samspråk med bild." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15211.
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Most of the information online is difficult for people with cognitive disabilities to understand and assimilate. In this project I have had the expectation that this is possible to change. In cooperation with FUB, a Swedish organization working for people with cognitive disabilities, I have studied how to adapt content, pictures and writing to persons with the levels of mild to moderate cognitive disabilities. I have also taken the perspective “design for all”, which means that you adapt a design for the weakest persons in the society to make it work for everyone. The purpose of my work is to study how to create a web text where content, writing and pictures are incorporated. To examine how to do this I have conducted qualitative interviews in which I have let the informants look at and read four different texts. I have participated in a reference group where the content of the website has been discussed. I have also analyzed two of the texts that I used in the qualitative interviews. The result is based on the chosen methods and on the theory of interest for my work. My study has resulted in a manual about how to create a web text where content, writing, pictures and form, are adapted to people with cognitive disabilities. I have also made anexample of this kind of text.<br>En stor del av den information som finns på internet är svår för personer med utvecklingsstörning att ta till sig. Med förhoppning om att detta kan gå att ändra, har jag samarbetat med FUB, För utvecklingsstörda barn, unga och vuxna. Riksföreningen ska utveckla sin webbplats genom att användaranpassa den för personer med utvecklingsstörning. Därför har jag undersökt hur man kan skapa anpassade webbtexter. Jag utgår även från perspektivet ”design för alla” som innebär att om man anpassar en design efter de svagaste personerna i samhället så passar den alla. Syftet med arbetet har därför varit att undersöka hur man skapar en webbtext bestående av innehåll, skrift och bild, anpassad för personer med lindrig till måttlig utvecklingsstörning. För att undersöka detta har jag utfört kvalitativa intervjuer där jag låtit informanterna läsa fyra olika texter, deltagit i en referensgrupp som FUB har hållit i, där innehållet på webben har diskuterats. Jag har även gjort textanalyser på två av de testtexter som ingick i de kvalitativa intervjuerna. Utifrån den teori som var av intresse för mitt arbete och utifrån metoderna, har jag kunnat skapa en manual över hur en text kan se ut, som är anpassad för personer med lindrig till måttlig utvecklingsstörning. Därefter har jag gjort ett exempel på en sådan text.
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Meredith, David Charles. "Match & mismatch : cross-cultural visual symbolism in Hong Kong health & hygiene public information poster campaigns 1950-1990." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262946.
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Klohn, Sara Copetti. "Ecodesign : desenvolvimento de pictogramas para o auxílio da desmontagem de produtos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17029.
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Partindo de questões da sustentabilidade ambiental voltadas para o ecodesign, esta pesquisa se propõe a desenvolver pictogramas para indicar os movimentos a serem realizados para que a pré-desmontagem - remoção da carcaça - de produtos, com junções snap-fits, seja feita. Para isso, agregou-se conhecimentos de design gráfico e de produto, a fim de compreender estes dois pontos principais e, assim, desenvolver grafismos que conseguissem transmitir as informações necessárias. Através de uma abordagem de ciclo de vida de produto, focou-se principalmente nas etapas finais, visando aumentar a sua vida útil e ampliar as suas possibilidades de reuso, reutilização e, por último, reciclagem. Para isso, a desmontagem é especialmente importante, pois é a partir dela que os produtos podem ser separados, consertados ou utilizados em outras funções. Algumas desmontagens de produtos foram realizadas e verificou-se uma deficiência na separação daqueles que possuíam junções snap-fits escondidas no seu interior. Esse tipo de união se mostra eficaz em grande parte dos seus usos, porém, a dificuldade registrada foi quando não se sabia onde estava o encaixe e ele acabava sendo quebrado ao se realizar alguma operação em local inadequado, a fim de abrir o produto. Dessa forma, snap-fits tipo loop e permanente foram selecionados para terem suas desmontagens indicadas e, assim, seu uso otimizado. O primeiro deles pode ser aberto produzindo-se uma alavanca, portanto seu pictograma indica "faça uma alavanca aqui". Já o segundo não pode ser aberto a menos que seja quebrado, portanto sua indicação é "quebre aqui". De autores consagrados na área de formas gráficas e percepção visual, foram extraídos cinco critérios de análise formal que serviram para analisar alguns pictogramas já existentes e se mostraram de grande auxílio para embasar o desenvolvimento dos novos. Após estudos formais, proposição de alguns pictogramas, análise dos mesmos e posterior aperfeiçoamento, chegou-se a quatro grafismos finais, que foram então testados com dez usuários, divididos em dois grupos. Para o teste, foram feitas simulações gráficas da aplicação destes pictogramas em produtos, estas imagens foram apresentadas aos usuários e eles descreveram qual seria a sua ação diante daquele pictograma. Os pictogramas tiveram interpretações, no mínimo, próximas daquilo que se pretendia informar. Considerou-se, portanto, que a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos foi eficaz e que os pictogramas são adequados para transmitir mensagens complexas através de formas simplificadas.<br>This research is about sustainability, ecodesign, and pictograms. It has the objective to develop pictograms in order to indicate movements necessary to make the predisassembly - moving out the housing - of some products which have junctions such as snap-fits. In order to achieve this objective some research about two essential subjects - product design and graphic design - were made. Life Cycle Design guided the investigation through the end of useful life time aspects. That intends to increase products' life time, making it possible to reuse, recover and recycle materials. Therefore, disassembly is quite important in this stage, because it allows products to be opened, fixed, and/or reused in other functions. Thus, several products were disassembled and some complications were observed on separating of the ones which have snap-fits junctions hidden in their interior. These types of junctions are generally efficient in most of their uses. However, in this research, the problems were found when it was not known where the snap-fits were located. As a result, they broke when an inadequate action was made intending to open the product. Consequently, the junctions chosen to be indicated by means of the pictograms were the snap-fits like non-releasing and loop. The first one can only be opened by breaking the junction, so, the pictogram will indicate "break here"; in the other case, the loop can be opened if a movement like a lever is made, so the pictogram for this one will be "make a lever here". Based on important authors of the visual perception subject, five formal analysis categories were grouped and used to analyze existent pictograms, and also to give information to the development of new ones. After some formal analysis, several pictograms were proposed and improved. Then four final pictograms were chosen to be tested with ten users, divided into two groups. The test consists in showing to the users a simulated image of the pictograms applied in real products, and asking them which would be their action to disassembly that product. As a result the pictograms were interpreted at least in close proximity to their real meaning. Therefore, the methodology utilized was considered efficient and the pictograms are adequate to transmit complex information trough a simple form.
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Lewis, Kevin D. "A Historical and Analytical Examination of Graphic Systems of Notation in Twentieth-Century Music." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271353110.
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Fiori, Sérgio Ricardo. "Mapas para o turismo e a interatividade: proposta teórica e prática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-03042008-143859/.
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Os mapas inserem-se no dia-a-dia das pessoas de forma cada vez mais presente. A mídia - telejornais, revistas, anúncios de propaganda imobiliária, internet, jornais, mapas artísticos e de propaganda, etc. - ao utilizá-los como um meio de comunicação, na maioria das vezes, ignora algumas regras básicas na relação produtor e público usuário. No bojo desses materiais cartográficos, encontram-se os mapas turísticos, que usualmente são confeccionados por artistas e ilustradores e não por geógrafos ou cartógrafos. Esta pesquisa, fundamentada essencialmente na cartografia temática, propõe aprofundar e estreitar a metodologia iniciada e experimentada no mestrado, que abordou o uso das representações pictóricas e da visão oblíqua em mapas direcionados a turistas e leigos em cartografia. Tal recurso gráfico possibilita um menor nível de abstração da representação gráfica, trazendo comprovadamente uma maior facilidade de leitura da informação cartográfica. Além disso, é visualmente mais atrativa, por evocar conotações visuais, afetivas e emotivas. Ainda utilizando a pictografia e os símbolos de informação pública, é proposta uma legenda específica aos mapas turísticos, símbolos esses que são elaborados para que as pessoas os vejam e os interpretem/ compreendam sem nunca tê-los visto antes. Entretanto, é bom frisar que os símbolos e mapas convencionais também farão parte do produto cartográfico final, até porque, mesmo trabalhando potencialmente com mapas pictóricos para o setor do turismo, algumas informações são particularmente mais apropriadas e diretas se feitas por meio da convencionalidade. Soma-se a esta discussão, o desenvolvimento de mapas temáticos para o turismo em meio digital. Esses novos recursos técnicos possibilitam o desenvolvimento de mapas não-limitados a uma folha de papel, proporcionando representações interativas, animadas, sonorizadas, em diferentes idiomas, entre outras possibilidades. Nesse item, além da elaboração e uso do produto em si, há uma preocupação particular em encontrar relações entre o mapa, a mencionada interatividade e o usuário, nunca esquecendo que o material temático dirigido ao turismo deve não só se preocupar em fazer com que a informação seja adequadamente apreendida pela leitura como também se esmerar em ser atrativo, sedutor, a fim de estimular a curiosidade sobre a localidade representada.<br>The maps are going into people\'s day-to-day on an increasingly basis. The media (telenews, magazines, real estate advertisements, the Internet, newspapers, artistic and advertising maps, etc.), when using them as a communication means, most of times pays no attention to some basic rules in the user-producer relation. In the heart of these cartographic materials are the tourist maps usually elaborated by artists and illustrators, instead of geographers and/or cartographers. Therefore, this research based essentially on the thematic cartography, aims at going deeper and narrower into the methodology initiated and experienced in the master degree, which dealt with the use of pictoric representations and the oblique vision in maps oriented specifically to tourists and laymen in cartography. The reason is that such graphics resources allow a lower level of abstraction of the graphics representation, bringing unmistakably a higher simplicity to the cartographic reading. Besides, it is visually more attractive as it evokes visual, affective and emotive connotations. In addition, a specific subtitle is suggested to the tourist maps by making use of the pictography and symbols of public information. Such symbols are elaborated in order for people to see them, interpret them and understand them without have never seem them before. However, it\'s important to emphasize that the conventional symbols and maps will also be part of the final cartographic product, because even working potentially with pictoric maps to the tourism sector, some information is especially more adequate and obvious trough the conventionality. The development of thematic tourism maps for use in the digital media is also added to this study. These new technical resources allow the development of maps which are not limited to a sheet of paper, providing interactive, animated, sonorized representations, in different languages, among many other resources. In this item, besides the elaboration and use of the product itself, there is a special concern on the map, the interactivity and the user, without never forgetting that the thematic material - tourism - must always bring a good understanding of the information (reading), and motivation (attractiveness, curiosity) towards the locality represented.
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Dencker, Sandra, and Ulrika Blomberg. "Pedagogers arbete med autistiska barn." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32726.
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AbstractDencker, Sandra & Blomberg, Ulrika (2010). Pedagogers arbete med autistiska barn. Teachers work with the autistic children. Malmö: Lärarutbildningen: Malmö.Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar och lägger upp verksamheten i förskolan för att stödja och stimulera autistiska barn. Studien skrivs utifrån pedagogers perspektiv då pedagogens kompetens spelar en stor roll i arbetet med barn med autism och deras utveckling.Studien visar att pedagoger gör ett fantastiskt arbete med autistiska barn. Majoriteten av pedagogerna har inte fått utbildning när det gäller autism och hur man ska gå tillväga för att stödja barn med autism. I stället försöker pedagogerna hela tiden att utmana sig själva genom att lägga ner mycket tid och engagemang på att stödja de autistiska barnen.
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Jurkša, Simonas. "Realaus laiko vaizdinio Bei garsinio bendravimo programa neįgaliesiems." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_143920-43030.
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Šio projekto pagrindiniai tikslai ir išsikelti uždaviniai ir yra sumažinti susidariusį didelį kalbos barjerą tarp neįgaliųjų ir sveikų žmonių, panaudojant jau senai žinomus ir naudojamus neįgaliųjų bendravimo metodus. Bandoma pritaikyti šiuolaikinę kompiuterinę techniką bei išnaudoti šiuolaikinių informacinių sistemų pritaikomumą realioje situacijoje. Šio darbo metu buvo suprojektuota ir realizuota sistema palengvinanti neįgaliesiems skirtų bendravimo metodų panaudojimą. Pagrindinis sistemos sukūrimo tikslas ir buvo suteikti pagalbą bendraujant su fiziškai ir protiškai neįgaliais vaikais ir jų tėvais ar auklėtojais, pritaikant specialius tokio bendravimo metodus.
Projektavimui pasirinktas paketas Microsoft VISIO 2003, sistemos pagrindinė sąsaja sukurta naudojant Macromedia Flash 8, MYSQL duomenų bazės projektavimui bei tvarkymui pasirinkta programa EMS MySQL Manager Professional v.2.8, administracinei sistemos pusei pasirinkta kalba PHP bei PHP Zend Studio 5 darbo aplinka.
Sistemos veikimas analogiškas realiai sukurtiems Norvegijos daktarų bendravimo kortelėmis metodams. Pagrindinis skirtumas tarp egzistuojančių metodų ir sukurtos sistemos tai, jog sukurtoji sistema naudoja modernias informacines technologijas ir naujus sprendimus problemos sprendimui įgyvendinti. Iki šiol naudojami metodai paremti dideliu popierinių kortelių kiekiu (apie 390 kortelių) kurį kiekvienas fiziškai (ir dalinai protiškai) neįgalusis vaikas turi įsisavinti, o vėliau ir pasinaudoti norėdamas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>In this paper is described the method which helps disabled people which has autism trouble to communicate and understand. The main communication environment is BLISS (Charles K. Bliss (1897–1985)) pictograms which ranged in the provided matrix by statistic position of the usage. Program platform is based on Macromedia Flash TM. A full analysis of “Center of Kaunas Children Ability”, was finished in this work, also the similar systems are compared and reviewed. The system is designed and realized by these means: Microsoft VISIO TM 2003 - designing. Macromedia Flash TM 8 – user interface platform and programming. EMS MySQL Manager TM Professional v.2.8 – database programming PHP Zend Studio TM 5 – administration side programming.
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Meylor, Marnie J. "Design Guidelines for the use of Visualization Strategies in Health Education Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282317284.
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Tosta, Paulo Antonio. "Identificação dos pictogramas de prevenção na manipulação das drogas utilizadas em laboratórios do Câmpus da UNESP de Jaboticabal /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97018.
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Orientador: José Carlos Plácido da Silva<br>Banca: Paulo Kamauchi<br>Banca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli<br>Resumo: Os pictogramas são signos de comunicação visual que têm por função levar mensagens para o maior números de pessoas independentemente da nacionalidade, demandando maior velocidade de compreensão. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os alunos e técnicos, usuários dos laboratórios da UNESP/Câmpus de Jaboticabal, com objetivo de se avaliar a compreensibilidade de pictogramas impressos nos rótulos de drogas manipuladas nos diversos laboratórios durante o desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos. A pesquisa baseou em métodos científicos da ergonomia informacional para avaliação de compreensão e identificação dos pictogramas, utilizando-se de questionários previamente elaborados para este fim. Os resultados alcançados na aplicação dos testes mostraram um percentual de compreensão dos símbolos encontrados e pesquisados durante o presente estudo. Verifica-se que se obteve pictogramas com percentual de aceitabilidade e outros não atingiram o índice mínimo de aceitabilidade, de acordo com a ISO 9186, o teste de compreensão, indicando com isso, que será necessário ações efetivas para que os usuários sejam melhores informados antes da manipulação de tais drogas laboratoriais.<br>Abstract: Pictograms are visual communication signs which provide the fastest comprehension and independently way of written communication. They have the function to take messages to the greatest number of people. The present research was carried out at FCAV-Câmpus de Jaboticabal/UNESP with students and lab technicians to evaluate the comprehensibility of printed pictograms on labels of chemical products during the development of scientific research. In order to evaluate the comprehension and identification of pictograms, the study was based on scientific methods of informational ergonomic, by elaborating appropriated questionnaires for this target. The results showed some pictograms with high percentual of recognition while others did not reach the minimum percentual of recognition. This result indicated the need of effective actions to improve the label comprehensibility, so that, the users can be better informed before manipulating the labs chemical products avoiding accidents.<br>Mestre
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Alvarez, Guido Esteban. "Soul Hunting." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1069.
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According to the Webster's unabridged dictionary, a mania is an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze. I experience a mania on a daily basis: I take photographs. I trap photographs inside flat, airless fish tanks where time stands still. The creatures captured inside the tanks resurrect every time I see them to remind me of a sound, an odor, a flavor, and, ultimately, a feeling I once experienced and now cherish. This project will attempt to show the energy captured in my photographic archives as a journey through my memories using an experimental interactive method.
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Artful Literacies: Transculturation and Resistance in the Ledger Drawings of Nineteenth-Century Plains Indian Prisoners at Fort Marion." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1123011759.
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Neves, João Vasco Matos. "Sistema de signos para informação turística." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21146.
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Tese de Doutoramento para obtenção do grau de Doutor com a especialização em Design, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa.<br>A maior afluência de pessoas a determinados locais, como aeroportos, zonas comerciais, eventos, serviços públicos, instalações turísticas, etc., suscitou a necessidade de orientar essas pessoas num espaço desconhecido e comunicar mensagens básicas com uma linguagem compreendida por uma maioria.
Por outro lado essa mesma mobilidade trouxe consigo desenvolvimento rodoviário, ferroviário, marítimo e aéreo associado a um crescente fluxo de indivíduos que se deslocam por necessidades várias de um ponto para outro. Esse deslocamento, muitas vezes efectuado em espaços desconhecidos, despoletou a necessidade em apreender novas regras, as quais passam a ser formalizadas através de signos que facilitam o acesso ou a circulação a determinados locais.
Para o presente projecto de investigação identificou‐se um problema concreto: os sistemas de signos para informação turística em Portugal, na Europa e no mundo são díspares, na sua maioria não se relacionam graficamente, são incoerentes do ponto de vista da sua concepção gráfica e não existe a nível europeu um sistema normalizado.
Estrategicamente, encontra‐se no design uma resposta concreta para a obtenção de metodologias aplicadas à concepção e desenvolvimento de sistemas de signos para informação turística.<br>ABSTRACT: The highest affluence of people to certain places such as airports, commercial areas, events, public services, tourism installations, etc., led to the need to guide these persons in unknown places and to communicate basic messages with a language understandable by everyone.
This mobility brought road, rail, maritime and aerial development associated with a growing flux of people that have to move from one side to another for different reasons. That movement has developed the need to learn new rules, which ones will be formalized through signs that make the access or the circulation to certain places easier.
For the present research project a concrete problem was identified: the sign systems for tourism information in Portugal, Europe and in the entire world, are totally different from one another, having no graphic relationship, being incoherent from the graphic point of view and do not exist at a European level a normalized system.
Strategically, there is a concrete answer on the design, to obtain applied methodologies to the conception and development of sign systems for touristic information.<br>N/A
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Normando, Carlos Alberto. "Em busca do Wayfinding Design: um estudo propositivo sobre o campus da Universidade de Fortaleza." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/393.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Carlos Alberto Normando.pdf: 39604302 bytes, checksum: d91708d97811f197815cb915de2d4cb2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-02-05<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>An investigation into the problems and the
ideal conditions for the spatial orientation of
people and vehicles in large indoor and outdoor
environments. From the varied instrumental in
Wayfinding Design, makes it a purposeful study
for the Campus of the University of Fortaleza -
Unifor. The proposal is to adopt a set of tools such
as signage, zoning, color coding, benchmarks,
architectural details, and other resources to
promote good navigability user audience of built
environments, especially in Unifor.<br>Uma investigação sobre os problemas e as
condições ideais para a orientação espacial de
pessoas e veículos em grandes ambientes internos
e externos. A partir do instrumental variado do
Wayfinding Design, faz-se um estudo propositivo
para o Campus da Universidade de Fortaleza
- Unifor. A proposta é adotar um conjunto de
instrumentos como sinalização, zoneamento,
codificação cromática, marcos referenciais,
detalhes arquitetônicos, entre outros recursos
para promover a boa navegabilidade do público
usuário de ambientes construídos, especialmente
o da Unifor.
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Lundström, Lars. "Reading Difficulties and the Twofold Character of Language : How to Understand Dyslexia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4679.
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<p>The present longitudinal study, which comprised 125 children from Grade 2 (typal age: 8) to Grade 6 (typal age: 13), examines and interprets the results of several decoding and reading comprehension tests. A point of departure is the proposition that there may be a lack of concepts about central questions that help interpret the results of an expanding test practice in the educational system. To construct the central questions the typologies and hypothetical causes of reading problems ought to be constrained in relation to explanatory constructs combining reading acquisition and reading difficulties. </p><p>First, the field of research on reading acquisition and reading difficulties was surveyed as a background to the presentation of the model, which is heavily indebted to and basically molded on the balance model but which also takes advantage of the proposition of combining the double-route and connectionist approaches. </p><p>Second, the following themes were investigated empirically:</p><p>– The predictive power of the tests: Generally, there seem to be almost as accurate predictions from Grade 2 as from Grade 3. A combined decoding-comprehension prediction was not shown to be more powerful as a product than as a linear combination.</p><p>– The possibility of an image/symbol transition in early reading acquisition: A weak image/letter decoding correlation distinguished boys weak in reading comprehension from all others in Grade 3; a weak letter/word decoding correlation distinguished those weak from those strong in reading comprehension regardless of gender in Grades 2 and 3; and a weak image/word decoding correlation distinguished boys from girls in Grade 2. </p><p>– Indications of stages in the development of reading: The conclusion is that orthographic decoding is more strongly related to reading comprehension than is phonologic decoding but there appears to be a parallel development of phonologic and orthographic decoding between Grades 3 and 6. This pattern seems to be the same for boys and girls and for those with low and high reading comprehension. </p><p>– Comparing subtypes: The surface/phonologic dyslexia distinctions were tentatively related to the linguistic/perceptual dyslexia distinctions and the letter/word-decoding screening instrument. The compensatory concept is questioned.</p><p>– Dimensions in reading acquisition and reading difficulties: A conclusive proposition of the study is that the hypothetical twofold metaphor/metonym character of language may be instrumental in analysing the complex interaction between the characteristic traits of the learning brain and the construction of meaning through script.</p>
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Cardoso, André Martins. "Sistema de sinalização pictográfica para o Externato da Quintinha." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6615.
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Castela, Ana Isabel Pereira. "Sistematização de normas informacionais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12009.
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Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Design de Comunicação, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura<br>Com esta investigação procurou-se estabelecer uma relação entre o Design e a Arqueologia, através do Design de Informação, mostrando o papel determinante que este pode ter na divulgação de uma área simultaneamente artística e científica, que é a do Desenho Arqueológico. Esta é uma área em que o emprego do Design não é uma preocupação primária, na medida em que a estruturação da informação em todo o processo é feita, grosso modo, a partir de ilações de natureza empírica. Partindo-se do conhecimento do estado da arte nos campos do Design e do Desenho Arqueológico, procedemos à análise da escassa e dispersa informação existente no segundo campo referido. A importância gráfica da iconografia realizada em Arqueologia tem no Desenho Arqueológico um dos seus principais protagonistas. Este, enquanto objecto artístico e científico, detém um papel informativo que, independentemente da sua inegável qualidade comunicativa e gráfica, cumpre determinados códigos de representação, nem sempre alcançáveis pelo público comum. É pois objectivo principal desta investigação a procura da definição de um sistema iconográfico mediador – composto por um conjunto de pictogramas -, com base no universo do Desenho Científico Arqueológico, de modo a tornar este mais acessível a um público generalista. Este processo exigirá assim que o Designer perceba e compreenda todas as fases, códigos e linguagens das áreas que tratará. Sendo assim, é essencial que o Design Informacional esteja presente neste mesmo processo, desde a recolha (escavação) até à exposição e/ou publicação das peças, tornando-se na ligação que agregará toda a informação necessária para a compreensão da linguagem arqueológica, tornando-se compreensível para qualquer visitante ou observador (quer seja um profissional, um entusiasta conhecedor do vocabulário em questão ou apenas um curioso leigo).<br>ABSTRACT: With this research, the objective was to establish a relationship between Design and Archaeology, through Information Design, showing the role that this may have on the dissemination of an area both artistic and scientific, as is the Archaeological Drawing. This is an area in which the use of the Design hasn’t been a primary concern, in the way that the structuring of the information in the whole process currently is made roughly from empirical conclusions. Based on knowledge acquired after the examination of the state of the art in the fields of Design and Archaeological Drawing, we analyzed the insufficient and scattered information in the second field mentioned. The importance of graphic iconography thought for Archaeology, has in the Archaeological Drawing one of its mains subjects. This, as an artistic and scientific object, holds an informational role, regardless of his undeniable quality and communicative graphics, it must meet certain codes of representation, not always achievable by common public. It is therefore the main objective of this research to look for a definition of a mediator iconographic system - consisting of a set of pictograms - based on the universe of the Scientific Archaeological Drawing in order to make this more accessible to a general audience. This process will require the Designer to know and understand all phases, codes and languages of the areas in question. Therefore, it is essential that the Information Design be present in the process, from the collection (excavation) to the exhibition and / or publication of the parts, becoming the connection that will aggregate all information necessary for understanding the archaeological universe, making it is understandable to any visitor or observer (whether a professional, an enthusiastic connoisseur of the vocabulary in question or just a curious layman).
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Min-Min, Yang, and 楊閔閔. "Principles and Applications of Pictograph exemplified by pictographic and semantic constituents of the Chinese ideogram." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58422124093632974691.
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碩士<br>國立臺中技術學院<br>商業設計研究所<br>95<br>The Chinese ideogram is one of the important cultural heritages of human civilization. Its evolution signifies the ingenuity of pictographic writing. The present paper, based on a qualitative inquiry, attempts to investigate how image projection of ideograms is reinforced in terms of visual symbolism. It also tries to explore how symbolic meanings are derived from intensified images from a viewpoint which sees ideograms as pictorial rather than literary.
The current study is intended to explore the interrelation between imitation and the idea conveyed by ideograms; it also looks at how ideograms are displayed in different ways in terms of purpose of use.
The saying “One can, by observing the form of a character, conceive its meaning” explains how a viewer catches the idea of a Chinese character by picturing it in mind. It is a situation in which a character “creates” an intensified image by its form projected. It is a process of visualization which catches relatively abstract ideas. In this case, Chinese ideograms connote qualities of things or particular ideas as are conceived by the act of visualization. Hence, by observing the stylized Chinese ideograms one sees the interrelation between word form and the meaning conveyed. In such a process of conversion one experiences the cultural connotations and a taste of the aesthetic idea, getting to know the comprehensiveness and profundity of the Chinese logographic writing system and the philosophy of its creation.
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Hui, Lin Yi, and 林怡慧. "The Development of Decoding Strategies on Elementary School Students in Chinese Characters of Pictograph, Compound Pictograph and Ideograph." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47836370027563923978.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>教育心理與輔導學系<br>93<br>The main purpose of this study is to investigate the development of decoding strategies on elementary school students in Chinese characters of pictograph, compound pictograph, and ideograph. Furthermore, this research also compare the decoding strategies of second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers in the three types of Chinese characters.
This study used the method developed by Khomsi. One hundred and thirty seven subjects were selected from the Guang-Shing elementary school at Sanchorng city, Taipei country. The subjects included first to fourth grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers. The data were analyzed by ANOVA procedure. The results were as follows.
In sum, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs for the first- to fourth-grade average readers. In compound pictographs, there was no significant difference among different types of stimuli for first- to fourth-grade average readers in this study. In high-stroke ideographs, it seems that the
stimuli selected in this experiment were difficult for subjects. In addition, the mean proportions of accuracy between the second-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were not significantly different. The mean proportions of accuracy between the fourth-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were only significantly different on high-stroke ideographs. Besides, for second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs, compound pictographs, and ideographs.