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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pictographic'
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1
Mavrommati, Theodora D. "A pictographic method for teaching Greek spelling to dyslexic children." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297716.
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Johnston, Brendan Ashley. "Characterizing Virtual Prototype Constructability Programming for the Pictographic Instruction of Procedure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29295.
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The modern design-construction boundary is facing an unprecedented moment of evaluation. Global applications of building information modeling, including virtual prototyping, factory-based component procurement and industrialized site production are only a few of the forces that threaten to engulf the established façades of architecture, engineering and construction practice. Those professional identities that are unable or unwilling to reach deeply into this oncoming torrent of interoperability, integrated delivery, and infinite domains will be lost. It is even possible that the language of building culture will be washed away forever. Preparations should be made.
This research proposes to strengthen available built-project communications. It does so by examining the natural architectonic relationships which exists at the most primitive level of production â about the assembly task. A work and its procedures are investigated through the programming interface of a Virtual Prototype (VP) modeling system. With visualized constructability as its goal, this study highlights the character of VP programming as it translates between design and production information with digital specificity.
The results of that investigation fashion a test of a new production communications language with the potential to enrich and refresh the insulate expressions and hollow specification of traditional design communications.Ph. D.
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Wang, Tongyao. "Pictographic Education Handout: Significant Impact on Patients and Family Caregivers' Self-Efficacy on Tracheostomy Care." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case161945406039485.
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Meredith, David Charles. "Match & mismatch : cross-cultural visual symbolism in Hong Kong health & hygiene public information poster campaigns 1950-1990." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262946.
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Lewis, Kevin D. "A Historical and Analytical Examination of Graphic Systems of Notation in Twentieth-Century Music." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271353110.
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Lindsay, Audrey K. "Perspectives on pictographs| Differences in rock art recording frameworks of the Rattlesnake Canyon pictograph panel." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1595010.
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Rock art documentation often draws from a range of recording perspectives, in which each framework facilitates different recording goals, preconceptions, and methods. As a result, each recording project collects different types of information from a rock art panel. The intricate and visually striking rock art murals painted on rockshelter walls in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwestern Texas demand and benefit from the application of artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological documentation frameworks.
This research provided a case study that analyzed different recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural (41VV180), a Pecos River style pictograph panel located in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands. I applied a critical theoretical framework and the concept of “capta” to review and analyze the rock art documentation perspectives, methods, and materials collected from three major recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural. I focused on projects completed by artist Forrest Kirkland, the Texas Archeological Society (TAS) avocational archaeological Rock Art Task Force (RATF), and an illustration of the Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center’s (Shumla) recording process, to examine differences between artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological recording frameworks and methods.
This case study demonstrated the ways in which the specific framework or perspective of a recorder influenced the methods selected for documentation and the types of information collected during rock art recording. The results of this critical analysis showed that the different recording projects shared a similar goal: to preserve the Rattlesnake Canyon mural for future generations and continued archaeological study. The three different projects, however, drew from distinct recording frameworks that influenced the overall conception of the panel, the methods selected for recording, and the types of information collected.
In this case study, I suggested that rock art researchers, specifically those from a professional archaeological framework, value the incorporation of different perspectives and methods into rock art documentation. The inclusion of varied perspectives and methods brings different skillsets and expertise to rock art recording. In addition, each recording project gathers different kinds of information from rock art murals that can be used in different ways by subsequent recorders, researchers, and land managers. This critical analysis of previous rock art recording projects also demonstrated that existing rock art documentation legacy materials continue to serve as productive resources for further research, management, and public education purposes.
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Lundström, Lars. "Reading Difficulties and the Twofold Character of Language : How to Understand Dyslexia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4679.
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The present longitudinal study, which comprised 125 children from Grade 2 (typal age: 8) to Grade 6 (typal age: 13), examines and interprets the results of several decoding and reading comprehension tests. A point of departure is the proposition that there may be a lack of concepts about central questions that help interpret the results of an expanding test practice in the educational system. To construct the central questions the typologies and hypothetical causes of reading problems ought to be constrained in relation to explanatory constructs combining reading acquisition and reading difficulties.
First, the field of research on reading acquisition and reading difficulties was surveyed as a background to the presentation of the model, which is heavily indebted to and basically molded on the balance model but which also takes advantage of the proposition of combining the double-route and connectionist approaches.
Second, the following themes were investigated empirically:
– The predictive power of the tests: Generally, there seem to be almost as accurate predictions from Grade 2 as from Grade 3. A combined decoding-comprehension prediction was not shown to be more powerful as a product than as a linear combination.
– The possibility of an image/symbol transition in early reading acquisition: A weak image/letter decoding correlation distinguished boys weak in reading comprehension from all others in Grade 3; a weak letter/word decoding correlation distinguished those weak from those strong in reading comprehension regardless of gender in Grades 2 and 3; and a weak image/word decoding correlation distinguished boys from girls in Grade 2.
– Indications of stages in the development of reading: The conclusion is that orthographic decoding is more strongly related to reading comprehension than is phonologic decoding but there appears to be a parallel development of phonologic and orthographic decoding between Grades 3 and 6. This pattern seems to be the same for boys and girls and for those with low and high reading comprehension.
– Comparing subtypes: The surface/phonologic dyslexia distinctions were tentatively related to the linguistic/perceptual dyslexia distinctions and the letter/word-decoding screening instrument. The compensatory concept is questioned.
– Dimensions in reading acquisition and reading difficulties: A conclusive proposition of the study is that the hypothetical twofold metaphor/metonym character of language may be instrumental in analysing the complex interaction between the characteristic traits of the learning brain and the construction of meaning through script.
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Gorla, Tommaso. "Orienting the Uncertain : Visual Ambiguity in Painting and Picture Writing." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0054.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse à l’utilisation délibérée de l’ambiguïté visuelle dans l’art en tant qu’outil potentiel pour augmenter l’impact de l’image et orienter la réponse du spectateur. En examinant des études de cas tirées de l’art de la Renaissance, et en les comparant à des exemples modernes ainsi qu'à des cas ethnographiques, le but de cette thèse est de montrer les prérogatives de l’ambiguïté comme un dispositif de production d’inférences, capable de générer des processus d’abduction qui non seulement engagent le spectateur dans son dialogue avec l’image, mais dirigent aussi la réflexion sur des chemins précis, dont la charge affective dépend précisément de leur nature fluctuante et instable. Entre histoire de l’art et anthropologie cognitive, la présente recherche tente également d’explorer la manière dont ces dispositifs d’orientation de la pensée trouvent une stabilité potentielle selon le régime spécifique du regard dans lequel ils sont situésThis research investigates deliberate use of visual ambiguity in art as a potential tool for orienting the beholder’s response and enhancing image-affect. By investigating case-studies from Renaissance art, and comparing them with further modern examples as well as ethnographic cases, the aim of this thesis is to show the prerogatives of ambiguity as an inference-producing device, capable of generating processes of abduction that will not only engage the beholder further in their dialogue with the image, but will also direct thought along precise paths, whose affective charge relies precisely in their fluctuating and unsettled nature. Between art history and cognitive anthropology, this research also tries to explore the ways in which such devices for thought-orientation find a potential stability according to the specific regime of gaze in which they are situated
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Bracchi, Liliana. "Enigmas Pictográficos Intersubjetivos en la situación analítica con parejas en proceso de disolución." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20045/document.
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Il s’agit d’un travail de recherche qui naît à partir des questions qui surgissent de la clinique psychanalytique avec des couples en processus de dissolution. Le problème que nous abordons est la situation analytique avec des couples en processus de dissolution. Le couple comme ensemble intersubjectif se constitue à partir d’alliances inconscientes, pacte dé négatif et contrat narcissique. Ces aspects structuraux associés à la subjectivité en situation, en constante évolution, font surgir une subjectivité qui est le produit du couple comme ensemble, dans la situation analytique. Le style ou mode de fonctionnement que met en jeu chaque couple dans la situation analytique en tant que cuvette est ce que nous appelons la mise en acte de l’intersubjectivité. La problématique spécifique de cette thèse concerne les différentes manifestations de l’effet de l’inconscient lié à la trame de lien que génèrent les couples (alliances inconscientes, contrat narcissique, pacte dénégatif, production conjointe de subjectivité)This is a research work, which comes from interrogatives from the psychoanalytical clinic with couples in process of dissolution.The problem we deal with is the analytic situation with couples in process of dissolution. The couple as an Intersubjective cluster is set up from unconscious alliances, denegative pact, and narcissistic contract. These structural aspects together with the subjectivity in situation, linked to the constant evolution, favor the emergence of subjectivity, product of the couple as a cluster, in the analytic situation. The style or way of functioning that each couple puts in evidence in the analytic situation as a bucket is what we call the set in act of the subjectivity. The specific problem of this thesis is related to the different manifestations of the effect in the unconscious connected with the linking framework that the couples create (unconscious alliances, narcissistic contract, denegative pact, production of joint subjectivity)
Este es un trabajo de investigacion, que surge a partir de interrogantes de la clinica psicoanalitica con parejas en proceso de disolucion.El problema que abordamos es la situacion analitica con parejas en proceso de disolucion.La pareja como conjunto inter subjetivo se constituye a partir de alianzas inconcientes, pacto denegativo, contrato narcisista. Estos aspectos estructurales unidos a la subjetividaden situacion, ligada al constante devenir, hacen emerger una subjetividad producto de la pareja como conjunto, en la situacion analitica. El estilo o modo de funcionamiento, que pone en juego cada pareja en la situacion analitica en tanto cubeta, es lo quedenominamos la puesta en acto de la intersubjetividad. La problematica especifica, de esta tesis, gira en torno de las distintas manifestaciones del efecto de inconciente vinculado al entramado vincular que arman las parejas (alianzas inconcientes, contrato narcisista, pacto de negativo, produccion de subjetividad conjunta)
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Materiality Matters: Constructing a Rhetorical Biography of Plains Indian Pictography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416670234.
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Colson, Alicia J. M. "An obsession with meaning : a critical examination of the pictograph sites of the Lake of Woods." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102795.
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Most researchers who study rock image sites tend to be interested in the meaning of images, even though they could obtain more empirical information about these images and their physical location. Furthermore, very little of the work done in the past on rock image sites has been systematic. In this thesis I address the dearth of detailed information on the images and their context. This thesis presents a thorough examination of the images of the twenty-seven pictograph sites in the Lake of the Woods, in the Canadian Shield. These pictograph sites were selected because they exhibit traits evident in rock image studies in other parts of the world.This study is based on data collected during three months of fieldwork conducted in 2001. Images were found on cliff faces and inside caves. New images and new sites were found and identified.
Here, as elsewhere, the choice of theoretical approach influences the fieldwork, analysis, and search for meaning. Each prescribes the types of questions asked and determines the levels of understanding obtained about whichever form of archaeological evidence is being considered. The different but complementary theoretical approaches should be employed in a definite order. The same data must be examined in sequential order using these different approaches to increase the potential quantity and quality of information gained. Archaeologists should use the following sequence of approaches: culture-historical, contextual, followed by either the homological, or analogical approaches, or a combination of the latter two.
Classifying and describing any image is very difficult, since the level of description given to an image affects the way in which it can be analysed, and heavily influences the possible outcome of any discussion of perceived meaning. A rigorous examination of the images of these sites was conducted to (a) identify the possible vocabulary of images, (b) determine whether combinatory, rules exist, (c) reconstitute the life history of each site, and (d) ascertain whether the images can be related to other indigenous images to determine if this can provide information about the meaning(s) of the rock images. In assessing the meaning of the rock images, the images of a few birch bark scrolls were considered, since it was posited that a detailed investigation of the scrolls, the ethnographic record, and their pictographs might provide some answers regarding the meanings of the images found on the rock faces.
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Smith, Benjamin Wellard. "Rock art in south-central Africa : a study based on the pictographs of Dedza District, Malawi and Kasama District, Zambia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283703.
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Dobrovolskytė, Renata. "Rašto ir vaizdo vienybė kaip pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumo skatinimo priemonė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_180723-56305.
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Rašto reikšmė žmogui nekelia jokių abejonių. Rašto paminklai kuria istoriją ir perduoda ją ateities kartoms. Tik rašytiniai šaltiniai pajėgūs patvirtinti mūsų spėjimų apie praeitį pagrįstumą, jie rodo kelią, kurį nuėjo atskiros žmonių kartos ir visa žmonija įvairiose kultūros srityse.
Raštas perėjo kelias raidos pakopas – piktografinę (piešininę), ideografinę (sąvokinę), skiemeninę ir raidinę. Pirmoji pakopa –piktograma – reiškia tam tikrą sugrupuotą, susistemintą piešinių vaizdą, kuriuo pasakoma, arba tiksliau – išreiškiamas koks nors įvykis. Mokant rašto pradinių klasių mokinius, ši rašto raidos pakopa yra labai svarbi – piešti pradinių klasių mokiniai ir gali, ir nori, todėl esama nemažai metodinių knygų, skirtų šio amžiaus vaikams, kuriose kiekviena abėcėlės raidė yra dailiai nupiešta, jai skirtas eilėraštis, ją dažniausiai siekiama asocijuoti su kokiu nors pradinukui gerai žinomu daiktu. Tai rodo, kad piktogramos pažinimas yra neprilygstama pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumą skatinanti priemonė.
Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti piktogramos pažinimo įtaką pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumui. Tyrimo objektas – pradinių klasių mokinių raštingumas. Tyrimo hipotezė – pradinių klasių mokiniai geriau įsisavina raštą, mokant jo drauge su vaizdu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: apžvelgti menotyrinę, pedagoginę, psichologinę literatūrą pasirinkta tema; pateikti bendriausius rašto sistemų raidos istorinius apmatus; apibūdinti pradinių klasių mokinių vizualinės raiškos ir mąstymo ypatumus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The meaning of script does not have any doubts to a human. The records of writing create the history and give it to future generations. Only the written records are able to prove the validity of our guess about the future, they show the way which different generations and all humanity in different spheres of culture went. Script passed several parts of development- pictographic and ideographic, syllabic and literal. First part- pictography means assorted and structured image of the picture by which some event is expressed. Teaching writing the lower class students this part is very important- they want to draw and are able to do it, so there are a lot of methodological books designated to the children of this age. In these books every letter of the alphabet is smartly drawn, poems are assigned to each letter, often it is tried to associate it with some thing well known to infants. It shows that the knowledge of the pictography is incomparable means which stimulates children to write. The aim of the research: to reveal the influence of the knowledge of the pictography to the literacy of the lower class students. The object of the research: the literacy of the lower classes. The hypothesis of the research: the children of the lower class master writing better when it is taught together with the visuals. The aims of the research: to overlook the artistic, pedagogical, psychological literature of the chosen theme, to give the most general drafts of the systems of the script... [to full text]
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Fiori, Sérgio Ricardo. "Mapas para o turismo e a interatividade: proposta teórica e prática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-03042008-143859/.
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Os mapas inserem-se no dia-a-dia das pessoas de forma cada vez mais presente. A mídia - telejornais, revistas, anúncios de propaganda imobiliária, internet, jornais, mapas artísticos e de propaganda, etc. - ao utilizá-los como um meio de comunicação, na maioria das vezes, ignora algumas regras básicas na relação produtor e público usuário. No bojo desses materiais cartográficos, encontram-se os mapas turísticos, que usualmente são confeccionados por artistas e ilustradores e não por geógrafos ou cartógrafos. Esta pesquisa, fundamentada essencialmente na cartografia temática, propõe aprofundar e estreitar a metodologia iniciada e experimentada no mestrado, que abordou o uso das representações pictóricas e da visão oblíqua em mapas direcionados a turistas e leigos em cartografia. Tal recurso gráfico possibilita um menor nível de abstração da representação gráfica, trazendo comprovadamente uma maior facilidade de leitura da informação cartográfica. Além disso, é visualmente mais atrativa, por evocar conotações visuais, afetivas e emotivas. Ainda utilizando a pictografia e os símbolos de informação pública, é proposta uma legenda específica aos mapas turísticos, símbolos esses que são elaborados para que as pessoas os vejam e os interpretem/ compreendam sem nunca tê-los visto antes. Entretanto, é bom frisar que os símbolos e mapas convencionais também farão parte do produto cartográfico final, até porque, mesmo trabalhando potencialmente com mapas pictóricos para o setor do turismo, algumas informações são particularmente mais apropriadas e diretas se feitas por meio da convencionalidade. Soma-se a esta discussão, o desenvolvimento de mapas temáticos para o turismo em meio digital. Esses novos recursos técnicos possibilitam o desenvolvimento de mapas não-limitados a uma folha de papel, proporcionando representações interativas, animadas, sonorizadas, em diferentes idiomas, entre outras possibilidades. Nesse item, além da elaboração e uso do produto em si, há uma preocupação particular em encontrar relações entre o mapa, a mencionada interatividade e o usuário, nunca esquecendo que o material temático dirigido ao turismo deve não só se preocupar em fazer com que a informação seja adequadamente apreendida pela leitura como também se esmerar em ser atrativo, sedutor, a fim de estimular a curiosidade sobre a localidade representada.The maps are going into people\'s day-to-day on an increasingly basis. The media (telenews, magazines, real estate advertisements, the Internet, newspapers, artistic and advertising maps, etc.), when using them as a communication means, most of times pays no attention to some basic rules in the user-producer relation. In the heart of these cartographic materials are the tourist maps usually elaborated by artists and illustrators, instead of geographers and/or cartographers. Therefore, this research based essentially on the thematic cartography, aims at going deeper and narrower into the methodology initiated and experienced in the master degree, which dealt with the use of pictoric representations and the oblique vision in maps oriented specifically to tourists and laymen in cartography. The reason is that such graphics resources allow a lower level of abstraction of the graphics representation, bringing unmistakably a higher simplicity to the cartographic reading. Besides, it is visually more attractive as it evokes visual, affective and emotive connotations. In addition, a specific subtitle is suggested to the tourist maps by making use of the pictography and symbols of public information. Such symbols are elaborated in order for people to see them, interpret them and understand them without have never seem them before. However, it\'s important to emphasize that the conventional symbols and maps will also be part of the final cartographic product, because even working potentially with pictoric maps to the tourism sector, some information is especially more adequate and obvious trough the conventionality. The development of thematic tourism maps for use in the digital media is also added to this study. These new technical resources allow the development of maps which are not limited to a sheet of paper, providing interactive, animated, sonorized representations, in different languages, among many other resources. In this item, besides the elaboration and use of the product itself, there is a special concern on the map, the interactivity and the user, without never forgetting that the thematic material - tourism - must always bring a good understanding of the information (reading), and motivation (attractiveness, curiosity) towards the locality represented.
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Artful Literacies: Transculturation and Resistance in the Ledger Drawings of Nineteenth-Century Plains Indian Prisoners at Fort Marion." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1123011759.
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Normando, Carlos Alberto. "Em busca do Wayfinding Design: um estudo propositivo sobre o campus da Universidade de Fortaleza." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/393.
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An investigation into the problems and the ideal conditions for the spatial orientation of people and vehicles in large indoor and outdoor environments. From the varied instrumental in Wayfinding Design, makes it a purposeful study for the Campus of the University of Fortaleza - Unifor. The proposal is to adopt a set of tools such as signage, zoning, color coding, benchmarks, architectural details, and other resources to promote good navigability user audience of built environments, especially in Unifor.
Uma investigação sobre os problemas e as condições ideais para a orientação espacial de pessoas e veículos em grandes ambientes internos e externos. A partir do instrumental variado do Wayfinding Design, faz-se um estudo propositivo para o Campus da Universidade de Fortaleza - Unifor. A proposta é adotar um conjunto de instrumentos como sinalização, zoneamento, codificação cromática, marcos referenciais, detalhes arquitetônicos, entre outros recursos para promover a boa navegabilidade do público usuário de ambientes construídos, especialmente o da Unifor.
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Doza, Sajid-Bin. "Riverine Fortress city of "Mahasthan" in deltaic Bengal: in search for the traditional settlement pattern of ancient cities." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18416.
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Bengala passou por enormes experiências de desenvolvimento sócio‐cultural, de estabilidade
económica e de avanço da literatura e das artes. Durante o reinado Budista, Hindu e do
Sultanato, a sociedade foi‐se valorizando e enriquecendo com estes diferentes valores e a
amálgama cultural que representaram. Esta coexistência foi evoluindo e as pessoas começaram
a dedicar‐se ao comércio, mas foram organizando e reformando a própria sociedade. O
verdadeiro "renascimento" desta política económica e cultural Bengali seguiu um determinado
caminho entre os possíveis. Para se manter e para proteger o território dos inimigos e de todas
as ameaças externas, os “heróis” antigos foram previdentes, desenvolvendo uma forte
capacidade em reforçar território fortificado, que designamos por cidade‐fortaleza. Esta tipo de
cidade histórica planeada foi implantada, com variações, neste delta Bengali; por isso, os
padrões de instalação e ocupação antigos foram observados na sua relação com as margens
ribeirinhas e os recursos de água adjacentes e centrados em torno de uma estrutura religiosa.
Uma cronologia popular no país ajuda a compreender a formação de um povoado ou de uma
cidade. Na era Budista, a comunidade religiosa, o bazar e as vias marítimas eram o ponto central
que concentram a mistura de pessoas e nações. Este sítio não foi excepção do delta de Bengali,
embora esta tese fosse sinuosa e estivesse no meio de uma grande rede fluvial; os antigos
dirigentes face à necessidade de criar sistemas de protecção territorial foram gerando os
diversos padrões de assentamento e ocupação, com mega‐estruturas, infraestruturas e uma
arquitectura público que se foram tornando os elementos característicos do domínio do espaço.
Essas fortalezas ribeirinhas foram organizando padrões de assentamento cujas características
variavam em função das percepções estratégicas e da morfologia do sítio; afinal estas foram as
cidades do Delta que, além do perfil do rio, muitas vezes dependeram de influências locais e
tradicionais. Neste delta Bengal, a cidade podia obedecer a tipos diferentes, mas, no geral, havia
um padrão geral de ocupação das cidades que os administradores budistas antigos concebiam
com um planejamento estratégico e uma morfologia que ía além da muralha do forte. O
objectivo desta investigação é, em primeiro lugar, identificar e analisar a morfologia das antigas
cidades‐fortaleza e os padrões de assentamentos em termos das suas estratégias de defesa e da
arquitectura que organizava a ligação ao rio da terra Bengali. Em segundo lugar, o contexto e a
organização do planeamento e lugar das estruturas fortificadas, abordando‐as numa
perspectiva de conjectura, através do trabalho pictográfico e ilustrado. O antigo assentamento e
a própria arquitectura de MAHASTHAN, um sítio datado do século VIII AD é um local ideal para
essa investigação, dado ser um local de memória, de um espaço evocativo, ter um "sentido de
lugar" e, claro, um padrão espacial tradicional flexível em relação as condições regionais e às
construção tradicionais deste delta Bengali. Por fim, o estudo irá explorar a imagem
(restauração conjectural) da escala da cidade, do espaço, da função e do sentido cultural do
próprio bairro da antiga povoação ribeirinha, através da revisão crítica da literatura, do
conhecimento das sucessivas escavações arqueológicas e com a ajuda da informação histórica
pictográfica. O estudo irá explorar ainda o significado desses antigos assentamentos no
subcontinente e a sua transformação em Bengali, focando as estratégias actuais de defesa e a
sua manifestação física, bem como o papel que pode ter o Património Digital; Riverine Fortress city of `MAHASTHAN´ in Deltaic Bengal:
In search for the traditional settlement pattern of ancient cities
Abstract:
Bengal had passed through enormous experiences of socio‐cultural development, economical stabilities,
advancement in literature and arts. During the reign of Buddhist, Hindu and Sultanate Bengal the society
was cherished and enriched with full of values and cultural amalgamation. Co‐existence in the society
evolved up and people started occupying time in trade‐transaction and society reformation. The ‘rebirth’
of the Bengali cultural consistency took a way forward to immense possible trails. To remain retain
established and to protect the territory from external forces as well as the enemies, the ancient heroes
had prepared themselves, besides invented with strong capability to reinforce fortified territory or the
fortress city. The historic city planning implanted with different characteristics, and prolonged with
variations in this delta land of Bengal. Ancient Bengal was focused with their settlement pattern by the
bank of the river or by the watery sources. Settlement in the ancient time used to develop centering a
religious structure. Eventually; it is the popular chronology for deriving a hamlet or a town. For the
Buddhist era, religious community, bazaar and the maritime route came to focus with the mixture of
various people and the nation. Simply, it was no exception for the case of the delta land Bengal, although
this mainland is curved and chiseled with cress cross river networks; the ancient heroes contributed
outposts for territorial protection and thoroughly generated the pattern of settlement. Mega structures,
infrastructures and public welfare architecture were becoming the notion of the domain. That river fort
architecture and the settlement patterns had the strategic and morphological characteristics, which got
different from other purpose built forts, nonetheless‐was in consistence with the local city context.
Bengali riverine fortress cities experienced lots of local and traditional influences only for being the river
fort and their settlement around it, stating from the component, elements of forts and formal profile of the
river. So, undoubtedly Bengal conceived unique kind of riverine oriented fortress settlement pattern,
which has distinct typescripts. Even in the case of this fort formation the ancient Buddhist administrators
had some strategic planning, morphology for spread city beyond the fort wall. The objective of the
research is firstly to identify and to analyse the morphology of the ancient fortress cities1 and settlements
in terms of their defence strategies and river fort architecture of Bengal. Secondly the context and the
planning organization and positioning the sites for fortification addressing pictographic and conjectural
restoration2 includes ancient city formation through river‐fort architecture in Bengal. The ancient
settlement and architecture, dated back 8th Century AD of a specific site of MAHASTHAN would be the
intensive area of the research, its memory, space, ‘sense of place’ and the traditional spatial pattern would
be the intensive area of the study that would remind flexible towards regional conditions and building
tradition as happened in riverine ancient Bengal. Lastly the study will explore the image (conjectural
restoration) of the scale of the city, space, function and cultural longing of the neighbourhood pattern of
ancient riverine settlement, through the critical literature reviewing, progressive archaeological
excavation and by the referencing of historic pictographic information. The study will explore for
meaning of ancient settlements in the subcontinent and its transformation in Bengal with a focus on
defence strategies and its physical manifestation as well as the Digital Heritage phenomenon.
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Shin, Seung-Geuk. "Microarray Analysis of Differential Expression of Genes in Shoot Apex and Young Leaf of English Ivy (Hedera helix L. cv. Goldheart)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1273946268.
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Nawar, Haytham. "A theoretical model for the design of a transcultural visual communication system in a posthuman condition." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6757.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation follows an interdisciplinary approach that weaves practice and theory in the disciplines of visual communication, semiotics, cultural studies, linguistics, and new media art. The research methodology is practice-based located within a historical and contemporary context that allows for artistic experimentation and new knowledge to be generated through reflected creative practice This research proposes a context within which society can develop a transcultural means of communication with the objective of gaining completely unambiguous forms of understanding. This research explores the possibility of an open source scaffold for pictorial language that fosters self-enhancing diversity of production models, communication paths, and interactive communities. The dissertation explores research strategies and visual practice in relationship to a proposed global use of a common system of visual semantic decoding that would allow for visual synthesis by individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. It is proposed that a shared collective knowledge of signs, symbols, and pictographs, supported by the advancement of future communication and information systems, can lead to a visual communication system that will be universally accepted. There is a historic, on-going and collective consensus on the need for a universal language in the near-future posthuman condition. In answer to this need, this dissertation contextualises and goes on to explore a realised case study of a practice-based solution for a universal pictorial communication system. The system may at times seem ambitious and abstract, however, it aims to include all cultures of the world, seeking to establish a direction that identifies and locates cultural similarities over cultural difference. This practice-based enquiry proposes a direction that should maintain coherence, logic, and veracity in order to develop a pictographic communication system that is a valid representation of the human experience in a posthuman condition.
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Min-Min, Yang, and 楊閔閔. "Principles and Applications of Pictograph exemplified by pictographic and semantic constituents of the Chinese ideogram." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58422124093632974691.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中技術學院
商業設計研究所
95
The Chinese ideogram is one of the important cultural heritages of human civilization. Its evolution signifies the ingenuity of pictographic writing. The present paper, based on a qualitative inquiry, attempts to investigate how image projection of ideograms is reinforced in terms of visual symbolism. It also tries to explore how symbolic meanings are derived from intensified images from a viewpoint which sees ideograms as pictorial rather than literary. The current study is intended to explore the interrelation between imitation and the idea conveyed by ideograms; it also looks at how ideograms are displayed in different ways in terms of purpose of use. The saying “One can, by observing the form of a character, conceive its meaning” explains how a viewer catches the idea of a Chinese character by picturing it in mind. It is a situation in which a character “creates” an intensified image by its form projected. It is a process of visualization which catches relatively abstract ideas. In this case, Chinese ideograms connote qualities of things or particular ideas as are conceived by the act of visualization. Hence, by observing the stylized Chinese ideograms one sees the interrelation between word form and the meaning conveyed. In such a process of conversion one experiences the cultural connotations and a taste of the aesthetic idea, getting to know the comprehensiveness and profundity of the Chinese logographic writing system and the philosophy of its creation.
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Huang, Peitzu, and 黃珮慈. "Neural Cognitive Assessments and Models in Recognizing Pictographic and Phonemic Abilities." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40513434438268199543.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
教育測驗統計研究所
99
The study proposes novel neural cognitive assessments for evaluating pictographic and phonemic abilities that are critical factors in predicting word recognition developments. The proposed neural cognitive assessments include a series of pictographic Chinese characters, modern Chinese characters, mandarin phonetic symbols and pictures of real objects. The series represents varied degrees of pictographic and phonemic stimuli that require participants to use corresponding levels of neurocognitive abilities to answer the questions timely and properly. The participants were recruited based on two levels of word recognition skills, the mastered- and learner-levels. Various ages, cognitive levels, and both genders are included in the study. All the participants were evaluated by behavioral and neurocognitive assessments with their performance in event related potentials (ERP) records. The study also provides a novel quantitative model in analyzing the datasets. In addition, neurocognitive variations can be found among different levels of literates. Participants were shown having gender effects in ERP recordings when they answered the questions of modern Chinese characters. Interestingly, male learners show considerable activations in the auditory area of cortical regions when mandarin phonetic symbols were presented. In conclusions, the study shows the quantitative validities of the novel neurocognitive assessments and it also address the empirical values of the quantitative models.
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CHEN, WEI-HAN, and 陳維翰. "Pictographic Characters to Explore the Cultural and Creative Products Used in Structural Design Pattern." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7rza7u.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣藝術大學
創意產業設計研究所
105
The text is an important tool for recording the history and heritage of culture, it makes history not in the use by word of mouth, and the important thought, the classical culture, depends on it to spread immortal. The development of Chinese characters to today, its unique spatial structure, adence pronunciation, rich meaning, so that it has become the cultural treasures of the Chinese nation, in the world also has a unique position. Chinese characters are a kind of hieroglyphics, so the creation of Chinese characters is basically a form of performance, so the creation and shape of Chinese characters pictorial design, there are many common places. In the design education design method is an important core concept of design teaching, the program focuses on the development of Chinese characters pictorial transformation of cultural product design model, research planning to three stages of the period, first through the literature analysis, The second stage allows students to actually participate in the experimental teaching to test the learning effect of the design pattern. Finally, the third stage, through the consensus measurement technique (CAT scale), adopts the method of Chinese character design, Questionnaire survey method to visit the experts and the feedback results of students tested to amend the Chinese character pictorial product design pattern validation. The main purpose is to compile the Chinese characters in the Chinese character design method and the conversion of the Chinese character structure, the proportion of the use of the actual design of teaching students to implement the practical ability to test the establishment of Chinese characters pictorial product design pattern formation. Through the questionnaire survey of the experimental group and the control group, it was found that the performance of the students in the creative performance would affect the presentation of the works. On the whole, the students' learning satisfaction was high and the study of the design pattern was effective. The work of the experimental group of students through this model training works generally high, the key lies in the creative presentation of how the Chinese characters pictorial principles into the structure, the principle of proportion, the transformation of pictographic design principles of the application of this model can bring Chinese characters Of the design of education and thinking in various fields of creative sources and practical operations, will be able to provide a richer and unique application presentation.
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Hsieh, shu-Ling, and 謝淑玲. "The Effects of Functional Vocabulary by Pictographic Picture teaching for Elementary School Students with Mental Retardation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99314912881229583585.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
特殊教育學系所
98
The purposes of this study were to explore the effects of Functional Vocabulary by Pictographic Picture teaching for elementary school students with mental retardation through the A-B-A’withdrawal design of single subject research. The researcher gave the students a pretest on the performance of the word recognition, then taught the students by Pictographic Picture teaching, and gave a posttest on the immediate effect and the maintenance effect. The data were analyzed by visual analysis. The results were as follows, after teaching the elementary school students with mental retardation by Pictographic Picture teaching performance of word recognition, choosing the word with phonetic cue, reading the word displayed, sentencing the word displayed, and writing the word with phonetic cue aloud all had significant immediate and short-term effect. According to the results, several suggestions for teaching instruction and future research were proposed.
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Sanchez, Dayana C. "Effectiveness of a low literacy, pictographic tool in improving pediatric provider medication counseling and parent dosing accuracy." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17049.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Parent medication errors are exceedingly common, with one child experiencing an outpatient medication error every 8 minutes. In a previous randomized controlled trial where the intervention was carried out under ideal conditions, we examined the efficacy of a pictographic, health literacy-informed medication instruction sheet-based intervention (HELPix) in reducing parent dosing errors. While our intervention was efficacious in reducing errors, reproducing these results in a real world setting, is necessary to examine the true effectiveness of HELPix.
OBJECTIVES: 1) To examine the impact of HELPix implementation on parent medication dosing errors. 2) To assess the effect of HELPix implementation on provider use of medication counseling strategies.
DESIGN/METHODS: A pre-implementation/post-implementation study design was used in 2 pediatric Emergency Departments (EDs) in New York City, one with planned implementation of the HELPix intervention (HELPix site) and the other a control site within the same hospital network. Subject inclusion criteria included: 1) English or Spanish-speaking parent, 2) child <9 years old, child prescribed a short course (≤14 days) daily liquid medicine, and 3) parent present with the child in the emergency department and received medication counseling.
Parents were recruited over the phone; those who enrolled completed a phone interview along with a follow-up in-person assessment (median time to follow-up=15 days). ED providers (residents, fellows, attendings) were also recruited. The HELPix intervention consists of: 1) provider provision of patient- and medicine-specific pictographic instruction sheets, 2) provider use of pictures/drawings as part of counseling to reinforce dosing information, 3) provider demonstration of the dose using an oral syringe, 3) teachback of dose information, 4) parent showback of the dose they plan to give, and 5) provider provision of an oral syringe. At the HELPix site, ED providers were trained in the use of HELPix counseling strategies as well as how to use the electronic medical record (EMR) system to generate the instruction sheets while ordering a prescription. Outcomes assessed were: 1) provider provision of HELPix instruction sheets via web tracking, 2) dosing errors ≥ 20% deviation from prescribed dose, assessed from observation at follow-up visit, 3) provider counseling practices (i.e. use of pictures/drawings, demonstration, teachback, showback, provision of dosing tool) obtained by parent report.
RESULTS: A total of 1493 parents were assessed by telephone for eligibility in the pre-/post-implementation phases. 561 parent-child dyads were recruited by phone (284 at HELPix site; 277 at control site). A total of 92% were mothers, 52% were Spanish speakers, 78% were Latino, 16% were Black, and 85% were of low socioeconomic status. Web tracking at the HELPix intervention site indicated that for 58% of the enrolled families in the post-implementation period, providers generated HELPix medication instruction sheets. Compared to the pre-implementation period at the intervention site, parent dosing errors rates were significantly reduced during the post-implementation period (37% versus 16%; AOR=0.3, p<0.001); with an overall Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)=57%, with greatest reductions in errors among those that received HELPix sheets (12% error rate, RRR=68%). Providers at the HELPix implementation site were significantly more likely to use recommended provider counseling strategies post-implementation compared to pre-implementation (pictures/drawings: 37% versus 1%; dosing demonstration: 59% versus 33%; teachback: 24% versus 8%; showback: 33% vs. 13%, and provision of oral syringe 79% versus 25%; p<0.0001 for all strategies). In the non-intervention site, there were no differences in parent dosing error rates, or in provider use of counseling strategies between the pre- and post-implementation periods.
CONCLUSION: Implementation of the HELPix intervention resulted in increased provider use of recommended counseling strategies as well as decreased parent medication dosing errors in an urban public hospital setting serving low socioeconomic status families. Use of HELPix supports high quality provider medication counseling and appears to be feasible to incorporate as part of routine Emergency Department discharge practices.
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LEE, CHING-MEI, and 李清美. "The Study on Word Recognition Teaching by Pictographic Learning for Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities in Elementary School." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gr6wcp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
104
Abstract This study aims to design curricula of word recognition by pictographic learning through the conjunction of pictures and characters, discuss its application to elementary school students with Mild Mental Retardation, and its impact on their capability of word recognition as well as their interest of learning. In the pictographic learning curricula that we designed in the current study, we used pictures as the medium. Instructors led learners to express word concepts through pictures, incorporating pictures and words so as to internalize words by pictures. Subsequently, once the words are mentioned afterwards, their associated images or concepts will readily emerge. The study was administered in the Resource classes in an elementary school in Keeleng City. It consisted of 2 students. In contrast, another class which did not was selected as the control group. In the middle of the study, a self-designed test was given to students after each class so as to detect how much they comprehended in each class. After class, we administered interviews with students and their homeroom teachers with their interest of learning. By so doing, we assessed students’ interest of learning and in-class performance. In addition, a contrast analysis between the experimental and control groups with respect to the results of the final word recognition test was carried out to evaluate the effect of word recognition by pictographic learning. The results revealed several findings. First, students accomplished in-class pictographic-learning assignment smoothly. Furthermore, they obtained stable, high scores in the word recognition test. This indicated that students learned steadily and effectively in each pictographic learning class. Second, the project produced an effect on word recognition as a whole, morphological structure, and semantic knowledge in the experimental group, in contrast to the control group. It also helped students write more neatly and more accurately, increase their word power, and boost their general academic performance. Third, students were highly motivated and intrigued to learn using the pictographic approach. It led to the positive and active effect on Mandarin Chinese low-achieving second-grade students regarding their interest of learning. Key words: First graders, Students with Mild Mental Retardation, pictographic learning, word recognition teaching
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LEE, YUN-WEN, and 李允文. "The Effects on Word Recognition of Students with Moderate Mental Retardation by Computer Multimedia CombinedStimulus Fading with Pictographic Pictures." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66851522409299404975.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
96
This study used the multiple probe design across conditions of single subject experimental design. The three goal-directed behaviors were word recognition, reading,and writing. The three participants with moderate mental retardation were placed in a self-contained class of an elementary school in Taichung county. The independent variable was the teaching strategy which used the computer multimedia which combined stimulus fading with pictographic pictures. The dependent variable was the performance of participants on word recognition . The pictographic picture was designed by researcher,it used stimulus fading to assist participants in learning words. The three goal-directed behaviors were divided into four phases of stimulus fading. The data were analyzed by visual analysis and the C statistic. We conclude the results of research as following: 1.The teaching strategy to the “recognition” of participants showed significantly immediate and sustained effects. 2.The teaching strategy to the “reading” of participants showed significantly immediate and sustained effects. 3.The teaching strategy to the “writing” of participants showed significantly immediate and sustained effects.
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Wu, Hsuanhsuan, and 吳宣萱. "The Effects of Functional Vocabulary by Pictographic Picture teaching on Word Recognition for Elementary School Students with Learning Disabilities." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q8damw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
特殊教育學系碩士在職專班
101
The main purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of functional vocabulary by pictograpghic picture teaching on word recogniction and the error type analysis for elementary school students with learning disabilities.The withdrawal design of single subject research design(A-B-A') was used in this study. Furthermore, visual anaysis were used on the data collected. The independent vairable of this sutdy was functional vocabulary pictographic picture teaching, and the dependent variables were the immediate and remaining effects of the two subjects' word recognition performance. The findings were concluded as followings: 1. Immediate effects were found as, after functional vocabulary by pictograpghic picture teaching, elementary school students with learning disabilities have significant improvements on chinese word recognition assessments, including choosing the word with phonetic cue, reading the word displayed, and writing the word with phonetic cue. 2. Remaining effects were found as, after functional vocabulary by pictograpghic picture teaching, elementary school students with learning disabilities have significant improvements on chinese word recognition assessments, including choosing the word with phonetic cue, reading the word displayed, and writing the word with phonetic cue. 3. Error types on similar Chinese characters where mainly found in choosing the word with phonetic cue and reading the word displayed assessments taken by elementary school students with learning disabilities. After intervention and maintenance period, although error ratio where significantly lowered, the main error types were still on similar Chinese characters. 4. 'Left blank' error types were mainly found in reading the word displayed assessments taken by elementary school students with learning disabilities. But, the 'left blank' error types were not found again after intervention and maintenance period. 5. 'Left blank' error types were mainly found in writing the word with phonetic cue assessments taken by elementary school students with learning disabilities. But, the 'left blank' error types were not found again after intervention and maintenance period.
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Lin, Jia-yi, and 林佳儀. "The Research of the Effect on Pictographic Words Instruction with Different Media for Elementary School Students with Word Recognition Difficulties." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35826933145131164957.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
輔助科技研究所
99
The Research of the Effect on Pictographic Words Instruction with Different Media for Elementary School Students with Word Recognition Difficulties Student: Jia-Yi Lin Advisors: Dr. Shih Yi Chan Institute of Assistive Technology National University of Tainan ABSTRACT The study was aimed to investigate the effects of applying different instructional media with pictographic words for elementary school students who had difficulties in word recognition. Single-subject research method was adopted in this study. Subjects were three forth graders with word recognition problems from an elementary school in Kaohsiung city. The participants received total eighteen interventions with pictographic stimuli through the media of an interactive whiteboard, a computer screen, and a blackboard respectively. The alternating treatment design was used to compare the effects of using three instructional media on word pronunciation, word identification, word dictation, and cloze testing for experimental treatments. The major findings were summarized as follows: 1. There were positive and lasting effects for elementary school students with word recognition difficulties on word pronouncing, word identification, word dictation, cloze, and their overall word recognition performance from the intervention by applying three selected media and pictographic words for word recognition instruction immediately. 2. Among the three selected media for word recognition instruction, the interactive whiteboard was evaluated as the most effective in enhancing the subjects’ word recognition performances, and the following were the computer screen (and it is quite effective as former) and the blackboard . Finally, based on the research findings, some suggestions were provided for pedagogical practices and further studies.
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CHEN, YING, and 陳櫻. "The Learning Effects of Applying Digital Pen in Teaching Pictographic Word Recognition for Middle School Students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73219267794437728539.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊管理學系
104
This paper discusses the learning effects of applying digital pen in teaching pictographic word recognition for middle school students with moderate intellectual disabilities. This study adopted a withdrawal design of single-subject research design method. The participants comprised 3 special education students with moderate intellectual disabilities. The independent variable was the instruction applying digital pen with with pictographic word recognition, and the dependent variable was the learning effects of the literacy education. The experiment continued for 11 weeks, which were divided into a 1-week baseline period, a 7-week intervention period, a 2-week interval, and a 1-week maintenance period. A literacy test developed by the researchers was administered to the students, and the test scores were examined using a line chart, visual analysis andthe C statistic. The immediate and retained effects were explored from various perspectives based on each part of the test and the overall test.The results of the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. The word- pronouncing abilities of the 3 participants were substantially affected immediately and in the long run. 2. The phrase-making abilities of the 3 participants were substantially affected immediately and in the long run. 3.Regarding the abilities of watching picture-n-writing and the overall literacy, Participants A and B were substantially affected immediately and in the long run, whereas Participant C was immediately affected, but not affected notably in the long run. According to the aforementioned summary, this paper proposes suggestions for future studies on literacy and instruction applying digital pen with pictographic word recognition for students diagnosed with moderate intellectual disabilities.
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LI, YI-FANG, and 李宜芳. "The Study on Word Recognition Teaching by Pictographic Learning for Second Graders of Low Achievement in Chinese-Mandarin in Elementary School." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31948431618892648929.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
藝術與人文教學研究所
102
Abstract This study aims to design curricula of word recognition by pictographic learning through the conjunction of pictures and characters, discuss its application to Mandarin Chinese low-achieving second-graders in elementary school, and its impact on their capability of word recognition as well as their interest of learning. In the pictographic learning curricula that we designed in the current study, we used pictures as the medium. Instructors led learners to express word concepts through pictures, incorporating pictures and words so as to internalize words by pictures. Subsequently, once the words are mentioned afterwards, their associated images or concepts will readily emerge. The study was administered in the name of word recognition remedial instruction in an elementary school in New Taipei City. The subjects were 45 Mandarin Chinese low-achieving students in the second grade. The class which received the remedial instruction served as the experimental group. They consisted of 34 students. In contrast, another class which did not was selected as the control group. The control group comprised 11 students. In the middle of the study, a self-designed test was given to students after each class so as to detect how much they comprehended in each class. After class, we administered interviews with students and their homeroom teachers with their interest of learning. By so doing, we assessed students’ interest of learning and in-class performance. In addition, a contrast analysis between the experimental and control groups with respect to the results of the final word recognition test was carried out to evaluate the effect of word recognition by pictographic learning. The results revealed several findings. First, students accomplished in-class pictographic-learning assignment smoothly. Furthermore, they obtained stable, high scores in the word recognition test. This indicated that students learned steadily and effectively in each pictographic learning class. Second, the project produced an effect on word recognition as a whole, morphological structure, and semantic knowledge in the experimental group, in contrast to the control group. It also helped students write more neatly and more accurately, increase their word power, and boost their general academic performance. Third, students were highly motivated and intrigued to learn using the pictographic approach. It led to the positive and active effect on Mandarin Chinese low-achieving second-grade students regarding their interest of learning. Key words: Second graders, low achievement in Chinese-mandarin, pictographic learning, word recognition teaching
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Cheng, Yu Szu, and 余思諍. "The Word Recognition Effects of the Radical-Group-Text Instruction Combining with Pictographic Radicals Teaching on Elementary School Students with Learning Disability." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02560899803785948982.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
特殊教育學系碩士在職專班
103
The Word Recognition Effects of the Radical-Group-Text Instruction Combining with Pictographic Radicals Teaching on Elementary School Students with Learning Disability Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the word recognition effects of the radical-group-text instruction combining with pictographic radicals teaching on two elementary school students with learning disability. The experiment method adopted A-B-A’ withdrawal design of the single subject research. The teaching procedure was included the baseline phase, the intervention phase and the two-week-after maintain phase. The data was collected by the learning effectiveness test which was included four branch items: ”read to pronounce”, “read to form”, “choose to fill” and “listen to write”, and then it analyzed by visual analysis and C statistics. In the end, the students and the teacher were interviewed to explore their responses and viewpoints of the teaching. The results of this study were summarized as following: 1. The radical-group-text instruction combining with pictographic radicals teaching had immediate effects on improving the word recognition performance of ”read to pronounce”, “read to form”, “choose to fill” and “listen to write” toward the students with learning disability. 2. The radical-group-text instruction combining with pictographic radicals teaching had retaining effects on improving the word recognition performance of ”read to pronounce”, “read to form”, “choose to fill” and “listen to write” toward the students with learning disability. 3. The students and the teacher who were involved in this study agreed with the positive effects of the radical-group-text instruction combining with pictographic radicals teaching. According to the results above proposed some related suggestions and future practical resesrch directions towards the radical-group-text instruction combining with pictographic radicals teaching on the students with learning disability. Keywords: Radical-Group-Text Instruction, Pictographic Radicals, Students with Learning Disability
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Chun-Wei, Lien, and 連君瑋. "A Comparison of the Effect on Chinese Word Recognition of Stem-Deriving Combining Pictographic Radicals and Meanings of Radicals for Students with Mild Intellectual Disabilities." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38847685926471021770.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
特殊教育學系身心障礙教育教學碩士學位班(夜)
101
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Chinese Stem-Deriving combine pictographic radicals and Chinese Stem-Deriving combine Meanings of Radicals on Word Recognition by two elementary school students with Mild Intellectual Disability. The methodology was alternating treatment design of single subject research. The independent variables were Chinese Stem-Deriving combine pictographic radicals and Chinese Stem-Deriving combine meanings of radicals. The dependent variables were consisted of listening word recognition, word-phonia, Chinese character components combination, and the whole scores in the instant, cumulative, and maintenance phase. The experimental teaching involved 12 sessions which lasted for 6 weeks. The results of this study indicated : 1. These two teachings had instant effect, but the Chinese Stem-Deriving combine pictographic radicals was more steady in the initial stage. 2. These two teachings had obvious discrepancies in cumulative phase, and the Chinese Stem-Deriving combine pictographic radicals had more advancement than combine meanings of radicals. 3. These two teachings had discrepancies in maintenance phase, the Chinese Stem-Deriving Combine pictographic radicals had better effect. But, the two students in the maintenance phase regress, because they forgot the content ever learned and mistook the similar words when they were mixed. 4.After the intervention of the teaching, these two students’ learning motivation and Self-confidence were significantly improved.
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Pan, Liu-Cheng, and 潘柳成. "Applying Cognitive Load Theory and Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning to Investigate the Effect of Experimental Pictographic English Vocabulary E-learning Courseware on Situational Interest and Brainwave." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dtksts.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
教育研究所
103
The purpose of this study was to develop an experimental pictographic English vocabulary e-learning courseware, which optimizes learners’ cognitive processes based on cognitive load theory and cognitive theory of multimedia learning. To examine the effectiveness of this courseware, this study utilized the within-subjects quasi-experimental design. The participants were 108 graduate and college students who used the learning materials presented in the formats of text only, text-with-picture, and pictograph in the e-learning system. The results showed that students’ performance on the pictographic materials was significantly higher than that on the text-only materials while no significant differences were found between pictographic and text-with-picture materials; the cognitive load perceived on pictographic material was medium; the situational interest and focused attention perceived on the pictograph material were both the highest among the three formats; and the sustained attention, measured by EEG, on the pictograph material was also the highest. Results of this study serve as a valuable reference for future implications while providing new approach for designing English vocabulary courseware in multimedia environment.
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Hui, Lin Yi, and 林怡慧. "The Development of Decoding Strategies on Elementary School Students in Chinese Characters of Pictograph, Compound Pictograph and Ideograph." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47836370027563923978.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
93
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the development of decoding strategies on elementary school students in Chinese characters of pictograph, compound pictograph, and ideograph. Furthermore, this research also compare the decoding strategies of second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers in the three types of Chinese characters. This study used the method developed by Khomsi. One hundred and thirty seven subjects were selected from the Guang-Shing elementary school at Sanchorng city, Taipei country. The subjects included first to fourth grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers. The data were analyzed by ANOVA procedure. The results were as follows. In sum, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs for the first- to fourth-grade average readers. In compound pictographs, there was no significant difference among different types of stimuli for first- to fourth-grade average readers in this study. In high-stroke ideographs, it seems that the stimuli selected in this experiment were difficult for subjects. In addition, the mean proportions of accuracy between the second-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were not significantly different. The mean proportions of accuracy between the fourth-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were only significantly different on high-stroke ideographs. Besides, for second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs, compound pictographs, and ideographs.
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WANG, HSIAO-LING, and 王曉玲. "An exploration of junior high school students' cognitions on pictograph." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v2r78v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
歷史學系
104
Pictograph provides evidence that is hard to be extracted from texts, offering a window to the past. Previous research on pictograph suggests that pictorial representations of data is a rather distorted mirror image, treating pictorial illustrations as subjective texts infused with writers’ biases. On the other hand, textbooks teaching Taiwan history and studies on pictorial teaching both regard pictograph as a truthful representation of data, seeing it as a manifeastation of the past and using it as an explnation of texts. The aforementioned studies consider the effect of pictograph on teaching is greater than that of texts, and is not that different from menomic patterns. In this regard, it is imperative to probe the student’s cognitive thinking processes on pictograph. The present study shows that, in regards to pictorial observation, 80% of students are able to differentiate familiar pictorial illustrations from unfamiliar ones. For cognitive processings of pictorial stimuli, pictorial illustrations is mostly considered to be “testmonies of the past” by the majority, then followed by “pictorial illustrations are the past”, and “pictorial illustrations are messages from the past authority” accordingly. This suggests that over 70% of students see pictorial illustrations from a documentary perspective, and 10% of them would question the truthfulness of pictorial illustrations. Also, less than 10% of students consider pictograph as a basis for making inferences about past hisotry and as a kind of text that solicites textual and contextualized thinking for understanding. As for how students tackle information convyed by pictograph, questions related to doubts on , and questions asked according to contents of pictograph account for the most. Interestingly, even though high percentage of students question the truthfulness of pictograph, they still believe that information projected by pictorial illustrations is credible. This result commonly occurs in differential levels of cognition: understanding from simple analogy, confirmed comprehension on previously acquired concepts, and unintegrated understanding are all based on the truthfulness of pictograph, showing a confused and oversimplified perspective. On the other hand, contextualized understanding from a critical thinking is rooted on a perspective treating pictograph as texts. This thus enables one to critically explore the intention and value embeded in pictograph, displaying multivariate and complex thinking.
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Lin, Wenjen, and 林文仁. "A Study on the Form and Meaning of the Pictograph of the Oracle Bone Inscription." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99806541708959473929.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
中國文學系
101
Ancient Chinese people drew what they saw in the nature and what they made for appliances. The shapes of these drawings are the so-called pictograph, such as the drawing of the horse is the shape of a horse. However, the name and the pronunciation of the horse came before the pictograph of the horse. The drawing of the horse-shape with its pronunciation attached became the earliest hieroglyphs. Early pictographs looked much like drawings. The only difference from the drawings is that there are pronunciations for the pictographs. Furthermore, the pictographs were getting simpler in structure, from concrete images into lines, outlining the objects. In other words, they were growing simpler and simpler from their original complicated form. This kind of structural changes inevitably became a trend and turned to be stereotyped but still preserved the original pictographic characteristics. Therefore, the pictograph as a kind of written language can convey not only the meaning and thoughts but also a record of human culture. As a result, the pictograph helps develop the civilization of mankind. This study adopts six methods, namely structural analysis of images, interpretation of reading, deduction of examples, analysis of evidence, comparative analysis, and induction. This thesis has three chapters. Chapter one is introduction. Chapter two is a study on the form and meaning of 20 hieroglyphs, where I refer to a great number of articles and literature, classify the data, look into the similarity and the difference, and give interpretation to find out the reasons why these hieroglyphs are created, and to find out the original form and meaning of these hieroglyphs and to find out how these hieroglyphs are transformed into the Chinese characters we are still using today. Chapter three is the conclusion. In short, the Chinese characters come from the pictograph. The form of the character symbolizes the object. To study the pictograph of the oracle bone inscription can trace back the origin of the Chinese characters. Based on the study of the pictograph, a further research on the transformation of the Chinese characters can be carried out. Hence, this study helps not only explore the pronunciation and the meaning of the Chinese characters but also reveal the life of the ancient Chinese society.
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OLDZIEY, PETER ADAM. "SPIRITUAL IDEALS IN NON-FORMAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT: RATIONALE AND STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF ANALOGICAL PICTOGRAPHS (BAHA'I)." 1985. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI8509585.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this dissertation is twofold. First, it seeks to substantiate the inclusion of spiritual ideals within the planning and development of non-formal education programs. As such, the review of the literature will also develop a rationale. This rationale is a philosophical and historical investigation of the central premises of formal education and the development of an alternative philosophical foundation more relevant to the problems of rural development. It proposes that the central dilemma of the modern epoch is a confusion of first principles; that human affairs and the systems designed to serve them have been impoverished by the wholesale application of a reductionist paradigm. This paradigm works extremely well for the physical sciences, but is wholly inadequate when applied to human affairs. The humanitarian ideal as enunciated by Socrates and Plato is suggested as a much more appropriate paradigm for human service systems. The second purpose of the dissertation is the development of some initial educational materials and strategies that could symbolize spiritual concepts in a way which would permit dialogue with a non-literate population. A developmental project operationalizing the theoretical premises outlined in the rationale is initiated. This project involves the selection of a rural, non-literate population and develops symbolical vehicles and educational strategies designed to disseminate these concepts to this population. This will primarily involve the development of a booklet of visual analogies. The target populations are selected communities in South Carolina and Georgia comprised of members of the Baha'(')i Faith, a worldwide, independent religion. The planned methodology is described in Chapter III. However, what emerges from the project's development is something quite different from what was anticipated at the outset. The "emergent outcomes" enable the author to critique the value of empirical models of evaluation within non-formal settings. This critique and the results of the evaluation are contained within Chapter V. The dissertation concludes by suggesting possible approaches to evaluation and program structure which are more consonant with the philosophical premises enshrined in the humanitarian ideal.
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Nhlangwini, Andrew Dandheni. "Pictography embedded in traditional African decorated walls and floors as an early cultural language : the case of three languages in Limpopo province." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25321.
Full textAbstract:
The colonial era brought about Western civilisation, industrialisation, urbanisation and technology that led to the negation of the validity of the traditional wall decorations and the meaning behind what is understood as merely decorative shapes and parttens. To research as to whether this is true, the aim of this study is to establish whether the symbols applied on the traditional African murals have any linguistic significance. The research investigated the pictography embedded in the traditional murals of three linguistic groups, namely the Balobedu, Vatsonga and Vhavenda in Limpopo Province.
The researcher gathered and recorded from the surviving elders the vital codes which unlock the meaning of signs, symbols, colours and geometric shapes before the knowledge is lost forever when they die. Data was collected mainly from Vatsonga female elders in their homes by using unstructured interviews. Traditional huts are decorated with symbols, signs, shapes, lines, and colours on the maguva (walls around the courtyard), mavala ya nghotsa (design and patterns, mainly in repeated half circles (figures 26 to 35)), mabilomu/swiluva/ swiphaswana (calabash/gourd flowers), ku sindza hi makholo (patterned cow dung floor) and ku tsema (coloured bands around the hut), depicted in figures 12 to 15. According to the respondents, the maphapha (calabashes/gourds) is a symbol for the plant that feeds the people. The plant from which maphapha are made, has heart-shaped green leaves and yellow flowers that develop into a calabash/gourd, which are consumed as food (figures 10–11). In this sense, it represents a woman and her responsibilities as carer and life giver.
The results affirm that the pictography is not merely a reproduction of common decorative patterns, but is instead the source of an ancient visual expressive language carried down from generation to generation through oratory and visual narratives in the form of symbols, and signs. The study recommends the preservation of the linguistic significance of the traditional South African murals that have long been marginalised, possibly encouraging the younger generations to review their own history.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil.(African Languages)
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Rejnková, Michaela. "Pravěké skalní umění severní Skandinávie." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357283.
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(in English): The main aim of this diplom thesis is introduce rock art from northern Scandinavia. Northern Tradition of rock art is connected to prehistoric hunther, gatherer and fishermen. Thesis presents three localities Alta, Vingen and Nämforsen. Author created summary of the most important motifs. Next aim was landscapes and environment of localities with rock art. One of the main focus is documentatin, dating and protection of rock art.
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Su, Yi-Chien, and 蘇怡蒨. "The Research on the Expressive Forms and Form of the Pictographs in Taiwan Newspapers (2001AD. TO 2005AD.)-Which is sampled according to the Liberty Times." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04263093518173361365.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
商業設計研究所
95
In the times of overloaded information,people must absorb a great deal of information every day.The time they read newspapers relatively decreases.In order to let the readers rapidly absorb the information on newspaper in a short time,the major newspapers in Taiwan transmit the information through graphs.Turning the daily newspapers which have the news on the numeral concepts,you’ll find they illustrate by all kinds of graphs including circular graphs,bar graphs and line graphs.That makes readers quickly understand the rate of distribution,growth,and tendency.The transmission of the graphs and the numeral concepts can make the vivid impression on the readers,which has positive meanings in presenting news.Nowadays,the pictographs in the newspapers are increasing year by year.You’ll find the qualities of designing are sometimes good and sometimes bad.Consequently,they’ll influence the readers to receive the wrong information.Therefore,the expressive forms and the process of making pictographs should be more cautious,which is the motivation of my research.In this research I choose The Liberty Times (2001-2005) with a high reading rate as the specimen.I got 482 pieces of pictographs.According to different statistical subjects and forms of the pictographs,I classify them and search the number of pictographs and expressive forms during the five years.The analysis and the conclusion as follows: 1.The issue of Apple Daily in Taiwan on May 2003 made an impact on the graphic rate in Taiwan newspapers.The number of the pictographs continually increases.In 2003,The Liberty Times increases pictographs up to 72 pieces.In 2004,it doubled up to 141 pieces.In 2005,it comes to 220 pieces.You will see pictographs play an important part in the editions of the newpapers. 2.In 2001 to 2005,the number of the pieces of the pictographs in the Liberty Times are numbered in turn: (1) line graphs(2)column graphs(3)bar graphs(4)circular graphs (5)assembly drawings (6)maps.The pieces of the statistic subjects applying pictographs are put in turn : (1) economic statistics(2)geography,population and society(3)the political affairs. 3.Every type of pictographs has different basical elements and the designing principles of contruction rules.Newspaper often use the expressive skills such as increasing images,cubes,ratios,angles to attraction of the attention of readers,but they will produce the illusions of distinguishing them.
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Kleinsmith, Nicole Michele. "Inside and outside the frame: an integrated reading of the Bayeux Tapestry and its borders." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1292.
Full textAbstract:
For the past three centuries, historians have speculated and argued over the dating, patronage and provenance of the Bayeux Tapestry. Researchers have pondered the Latin inscriptions; reflected on the techniques of production and the use of narrative devices; mined the Tapestry for information on a number of subjects, including architectural styles, costumes, modes of navigation, nascent heraldry, and weaponry; and focused on areas of special interest, especially on scenes such as the so-called "Aelfgyva episode." Additionally, the Tapestry has been described as an epic and/or a panegyric; it has even been compared to a chanson de geste, a Shakespearian play, a film, and a cartoon; it has been "deconstructed," and finally turned into a "hypertext" accessible via the internet. Yet, in spite of many promises, the borders of the Bayeux Tapestry remain largely unexplored to date. This apparent neglect may be due to the difficulty one encounters when attempting to retrieve the symbolism and the meanings of the pictographs, which, even at the time of production, may have been multiple and may have depended on the cultural level, social awareness and political leanings of the beholders. The purpose of this dissertation is to acquaint the reader with a novel approach to the reading of the Bayeux Tapestry, based on the premise that the border pictographs are charged with symbolic meaning; that their meaning(s) inflect(s), reflect(s) and even alter(s) the images in the center field; and that this synergic interplay helps in the discovery, and stimulates the generation of a new understanding and integrated interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry. For my research to be comprehensive and in order to uncover and decode some of the latent symbolic meanings, it was fundamental to take into account the social, cultural and political history of eleventh-century Northwestern Europe, and to acquire an appreciable knowledge of the lives of the important individuals illustrated in the Bayeux Tapestry. It was also necessary to be aware that, since the shaping of minds and the rewriting of history was already practiced in the eleventh century, the possibility existed that the Bayeux Tapestry was more than objective history recorded on cloth, but was someone's -- perhaps the patron's -- interpretation of historical events. Thus, this dissertation takes the reader on a journey inside and outside the frame to achieve an integrated reading of the Bayeux Tapestry and its borders.
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Skala, Aurora Anne. "Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv rock art: applying DStretch to reveal a layered landscape, a case study on the Central Coast, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6455.
Full textAbstract:
This archaeological community-engaged research focuses on locating, recording, photographing, and classifying, rock art (pictographs and petroglyphs) designs within Heiltsuk and Wuikinuxv Nations’ territories. The two areas are on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada: River’s Inlet/Owikeno Lake (Wuikinuxv Territory, near Oweekeno village), and Roscoe Inlet (Heiltsuk Territory, near Bella Bella). By listening to stories and visiting rock art locations its deep history and significance can begin to be comprehended. Throughout this research 58 rock art sites were visited and over 900 designs were categorized into nine types. Within this context I consider the feasibility and benefits of digital contrast adjustment of photographs using DStretch, a plugin created for ImageJ, that renders visible faint traces of pigment which can not be seen with the naked eye. Additionally, the potential of underwater archaeology (scuba diving) for the discovery and recording of rock art sites is explored.Graduate
0324
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Vošická, Edita. "Autismus - Použití systémů alternativní a augmentativní komunikace u jedinců s poruchou autistického spektra." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306901.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with alternative and augmentative communication systems using at the individuals with pervasive development disorders. Thesis is divided the theoretical and the experimental part. Theoretical part contains mainly informations about communication disability, speech development, diagnosis of communication abilities, alternative and augmentative communication systems and possibilities of aid to the families with child with pervasive development disorder. Experimental part presents research using questionnaire, which was send to the parents or legal representatives with child with pervasive development disorder. The research prepares base for next extensive researchs.