Journal articles on the topic 'Picture-body-image'

The term ‘body image’ is used to refer to the picture we have in our minds of the size, shape and form of our bodies; and to our feelings concerning the size, shape and form of our bodies, and its constituent parts.

The most basic human needs are physiological needs. Human physical appearance, as a part of physiological needs, is considered as an essential part of people's lives. That essential part determines the formation of body image (self-image) in the community. Body image is a mental picture of the state of the human body. That is how people give values of the size and shape of their bodies or others' opinions about them. This study aims to describe the body image of students in terms of their admission. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of descriptive research. The sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling on 161 students of Universitas Negeri Padang. Data collection techniques through questionnaires with descriptive analysis. The research findings show that a picture of the body image condition of UNP students on average is in the medium category with the reliability of 0.824.

<p>Doctor as health workers are obliged to be role models, especially in healthy and active life stlyle projected as having an ideal body image. It beneficial to increase self confidence, improve sucess in counceling and health service satisfaction and as well as gaining patient’s trust. Body image sometimes considered unnecessary, however it could be quite disturbing in health service.Therefore, this study aims to describe medical student’s perception on doctor’s body images as health workers in Tanjungpura University. This resarch used survey in descriptive study with quantitative data. The subject was medical students from medical, pharmacy and nursing grade 2011 to 2014. Triangulation data collected from doctor working in medical school, and Tanjungpura University Hospital. Sample was choosen by purposive sampling and analyzed by descriptive statistic. This research had been approved by medical faculty ethic research admission at Untan no. 3986/UN22.9/DT/2014. A total of 576 medical students were enrolled in this research. 93.06% stated that body image is important for doctor and it will influence the theraphy. 67.2% chose picture 4 (normal nutritional status) in Stunkard Figure Rating Scales the ideal body images for doctors. Nevertheless,17.01% chose picture &lt; 3 (underweight) and 15.8% choose picture &gt; 5 (overweight and obesity) as the doctor’s ideal body images. Doctors that work in Educational field were the most important field that needs a good body image (42.88%0, followed by doctor in hospital (24.83%). Based on triangulation data from 16 medical school doctors, and 7 Tanjungpura University Hospital doctors, suggested that body image will not impact the therapy (82.6%) and the most important field that needs ideal body images was in hospital (43.5%). Body image is very important and it will influence doctor theraphy. Doctor in educational field should have a ideal body image with normal nutrition status.</p>

<p>Doctor as health workers are obliged to be role models, especially in healthy and active life stlyle projected as having an ideal body image. It beneficial to increase self confidence, improve sucess in counceling and health service satisfaction and as well as gaining patient’s trust. Body image sometimes considered unnecessary, however it could be quite disturbing in health service.Therefore, this study aims to describe medical student’s perception on doctor’s body images as health workers in Tanjungpura University. This resarch used survey in descriptive study with quantitative data. The subject was medical students from medical, pharmacy and nursing grade 2011 to 2014. Triangulation data collected from doctor working in medical school, and Tanjungpura University Hospital. Sample was choosen by purposive sampling and analyzed by descriptive statistic. This research had been approved by medical faculty ethic research admission at Untan no. 3986/UN22.9/DT/2014. A total of 576 medical students were enrolled in this research. 93.06% stated that body image is important for doctor and it will influence the theraphy. 67.2% chose picture 4 (normal nutritional status) in Stunkard Figure Rating Scales the ideal body images for doctors. Nevertheless,17.01% chose picture &lt; 3 (underweight) and 15.8% choose picture &gt; 5 (overweight and obesity) as the doctor’s ideal body images. Doctors that work in Educational field were the most important field that needs a good body image (42.88%0, followed by doctor in hospital (24.83%). Based on triangulation data from 16 medical school doctors, and 7 Tanjungpura University Hospital doctors, suggested that body image will not impact the therapy (82.6%) and the most important field that needs ideal body images was in hospital (43.5%). Body image is very important and it will influence doctor theraphy. Doctor in educational field should have a ideal body image with normal nutrition status.</p>

The text introduces the research status of depth image in the pattern recognition and the application in the body recognition. Aiming at the problem that the image recognition shot by common camera has declined performance under the factors of illumination, posture, shielding, and the like, the body parts are distinguished and judged by taking Kinect equipment promoted by Microsoft as the platform, analyzing the features of the depth picture obtained by the Kinect camera and putting forwards to the local gradient features of comprehensive point features and the gradient features; and the elbow is taken as the example to argue simply .

Our aim was to explore emotions in Instagram images marked with hashtags referring to body image–related components using an artificial intelligence–based discrete emotional analysis. A total of 500 Instagram photos marked by specific hashtags related to body image components were analyzed and specific discrete emotions expressed in each picture were detected using the Emotion application program interface API from Microsoft Azure Cognitive Service. Results showed that happiness and neutrality were the most intense and recognizable emotions expressed in all images. Happiness intensity was significantly higher in images with #bodyimage and #bodyconfidence and higher levels of neutral emotion were found in images tagged with #body, #bodyfitness, and #thininspirational. This study integrated a discrete emotional model with the conventional dimensional one, and offered a higher degree of granularity in the analysis of emotions–body link on Instagram through an artificial intelligence technology. Future research should deepen the use of discrete emotions on Instagram and the role of neutrality in body image representation.

BACKGROUND Body image can be defined as a subjective picture of an individual’s own physical appearance established by self-observation and by noticing the reaction of others. Breast cancer and its treatment has been shown to have tremendous impact on the body image of the patients. We wanted to assess the level of body image disturbance in patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer and identify the relation between the body image disturbance and measures of psychosocial morbidity and quality of life. METHODS 35 female patients who had mastectomy for breast cancer were assessed preoperatively, immediately after surgery and 2 months after the surgery. They were administered body image scale questionnaire, HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and WHO QOL BREF. RESULTS Our results showed that 24 out of 35 patients (68.5 %) were Body Image Scale positive at the first interview itself. The number of positive patients increased to 27 at the second interview (77.1 %), but this change was not statistically significant and there was no change from second to third visit. Those who were Body Image Scale Positive had significantly higher anxiety, depression and GHQ12 scores. Those who had a body image disturbance also had a poorer quality of life across all domains. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there is a high level of body image disturbance in patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer even before surgery. This high level also contributes significantly to their psychosocial morbidity and also negatively affects their quality of life. KEYWORDS Body Image, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, Breast Cancer, Mastectomy

Self-image in general is an important part of humans. Having an ideal body shape according to the perceptions and norms that develop in society is usually a standard condition to be considered to be attractive. Self-image view is closely related to body image; mental picture of a person, cognitive and emotional assessments of himself, and approximately other people's judgments about the shape and size of his body. A positive body image is a multifaceted construct that is not simple so that it is not only a target of self-criticism but also an attitude of respect and self-acceptance which is called body appreciation. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of sociocultural influences and self-compassion on individual body appreciation and the presumption of the role of social appearance comparison variables as mediators between self-compassion and body appreciation. Participant were individuals aged 20-40 years consisting of 84 women. This research was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis, self-compassion contributed 21.7% to body appreciation and the proof of social appearance comparison mediated partially the relationship between self-compassion and body appreciation.

AbstractBackgroundBody image distortion is a core symptom of eating disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on body image processing, described different patterns of neural response, mainly involving the inferior and superior parietal lobules, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with conflicting results.MethodsThe neural response to the view of their own body pictures (normal size and distorted) was evaluated in 18 female anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting type patients, and in 19 healthy female subjects (HC) using fMRI. Clinical assessment was performed by means of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV and self-reported questionnaires.ResultsIn response to the body image distortion, patients and controls showed an inverse pattern of activation, with the widest extent of activation in the oversize condition in AN, while in the undersize condition in HC. AN and HC showed a similar pattern of neural response to the view of their own body, with an increased activation in the extrastriate body area, superior and inferior parietal lobule and prefrontal areas, although the extent of activation in HC was more limited as compared with AN patients. Increased activity in AN patients, compared with HC, was observed in the DLPFC in response to the oversized body picture and a significant correlation was found in AN patients between DLPFC activation and eating disorder psychopathology.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the existence of a continuum from normalcy to pathology in neural response to body image, and confirm the clinical relevance of body image distortion in AN, reinforcing the key role of attentive, executive and self-evaluation networks in AN visual processing of own distorted body image.

Introduction: Indonesia is ranked 4th in the world for the number of diabetics according to WHO, and most of diabetics experience complications, one of which is ulcer diabetikum. This can be a trigger for the emergence of body image disorders from diabetics, so researchers need to know the picture of ulcus sufferers' body image to later be mapped and make it easier in subsequent handling. The research objective is to describe the image of body image in patients with diabetes mellitus with ulcus complications. Physical changes in the body can affect body image and self-esteem Methods: Design of this study used a descriptive research design, the population in this study were all patients who have diabetes mellitus with ulcus diabeticum in Ibnu Sina Hospital Gresik regency with a sample of 20 respondents, samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires with 15 multiple choices question. Furthermore, the data were analyzed with coding, scoring, tabulating presentatif, and described. Results: The results showed a total of 20 respondents obtained ii'om 5 respondents (25%) have a good body image, 7 respondents (35%) had a poor body image and 8 respondents (40%) who did not have a good body image. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study indicate that in patients with diabetes mellitus who are already experiencing complications of ulcus diabetic almost half of respondents do not have a good body image, and a small proportion of respondents have a good body image. This is due to several factors, namely the respondents admitted that the wounds on his legs is a sign of personal failure on him therefore to improve body image and the changing assessment of the physical condition and provide social support.

Through a lens of confirmation theory, this study examined how parental confirmation acceptance and challenge was related to emerging adults’ body image, and how these associations were mediated by social competence and self-concept. This study also examined whether the hypothesized links differed by parental and child sex. Male and female college students ( N = 447) completed an online questionnaire. A multiple-group analysis generally supported the proposed mediation model, providing a somewhat complex picture of associations among key concepts in terms of which component of confirmation was associated with certain components of body image and through which mediator varied as a function of parental sex. Unlike parental sex, child sex played a minimal role in the current study. This research underscores the utility of employing a confirmation perspective in understanding the mechanisms of how family interactions are related to body image.

Objective: Explore the limitations of the classification of body dysmorphic disorder. Clinical picture: A Chinese male relentlessly pursued castration to relieve painful erections which were never substantiated. The testes and corpora spongiosum had been removed. No psychotic symptom was prominent. Treatment: Cognitive therapy and psychotropics were tried. Outcome: The remaining corpora cavernosa was removed subsequently. Conclusion: The distorted somatic perception and secondary cognitive amplification (painful erections) could represent a variant of body dysmorphic disorder involving internal body image; diagnostic classifications should accommodate such a category.

Summary Objective: To understand how clinicians utilize image uploading tools in a home grown electronic health records (EHR) system. Methods: A content analysis of patient notes containing non-radiological images from the EHR was conducted. Images from 4,000 random notes from July 1, 2009 –June 30, 2010 were reviewed and manually coded. Codes were assigned to four properties of the image: (1) image type, (2) role of image uploader (e.g. MD, NP, PA, RN), (3) practice type (e.g. internal medicine, dermatology, ophthalmology), and (4) image subject. Results: 3,815 images from image-containing notes stored in the EHR were reviewed and manually coded. Of those images, 32.8% were clinical and 66.2% were non-clinical. The most common types of the clinical images were photographs (38.0%), diagrams (19.1%), and scanned documents (14.4%). MDs uploaded 67.9% of clinical images, followed by RNs with 10.2%, and genetic counselors with 6.8%. Dermatology (34.9%), ophthalmology (16.1%), and general surgery (10.8%) uploaded the most clinical images. The content of clinical images referencing body parts varied, with 49.8% of those images focusing on the head and neck region, 15.3% focusing on the thorax, and 13.8% focusing on the lower extremities. Conclusion: The diversity of image types, content, and uploaders within a home grown EHR system reflected the versatility and importance of the image uploading tool. Understanding how users utilize image uploading tools in a clinical setting highlights important considerations for designing better EHR tools and the importance of interoperability between EHR systems and other health technology. Citation: AC Ai, FL Maloney, T-T Hickman, AR Wilcox, H Ramelson, A Wright. A picture is worth 1,000 words: The use of clinical images in electronic medical records. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 710–718 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-10-RA-0180

In the internal world of the novel, the writer makes all the decisions. The starting point may be a story, an image, an opening sentence, or an idea. In my case, it was a painting: Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe. I cannot remember when I first saw it; the image of the naked woman staring out of the picture has haunted me for many years. Although she is in the company of fully dressed men, she doesn't appear vulnerable. Her body language, and her eyes in particular, unmistakably reveal a powerful, self-confident and intelligent woman.

Video data has now become the most common form of data for educational researchers studying classroom interaction and school culture. Software protocols for analysing vast archives of video data are deployed regularly, allowing researchers to annotate, code and sort images. These protocols are often applied by researchers without reflection or reference to the extensive philosophical work in film and media studies. Without exception, this research treats the video image as movement-image or picture, a recording of ‘raw data’, indexical of a given time-space relationship. In this article I situate this kind of research within the history of scientific cinema, drawing on Deleuze's books on cinema, as well as his ideas on colour and figure from The Logic of Sensation, to propose an alternative way of analysing video data. One of the central claims of Deleuze in Cinema 2 is that the time-image reconfigures bodies as expressions of force – the body becomes a ‘shock of forces’. I argue that such an approach allows us to study the student body as less a phenomenological organism with built-in ‘I can’ cognitive and motor capacities, and more an indeterminate crystalline contraction and expansion of intensity. I present an example of how to study classroom video data as time-image, and explore the implications of such work for education research.

In this study, we explored how women with varying relationships to disability and aging used photographs to represent their body image experiences. Seven middle-aged and older adult women with and without multiple sclerosis were asked to provide up to 10 photographs that represented their body image and complete a one-on-one interview. We used reflexive thematic analysis to develop themes and interpret the findings. Overall, the women expressed not only complicated relationships with their bodies, represented through symbolism, scrutiny of body features (e.g., posture, varicose veins, and arthritis) but also deep reflection linked to positive body image and resilience. These findings revealed not only the nuanced experiences women have with aging, disability, and gender but also the commonly experienced ingrained views of body appearance as each participant illustrated a difficult negotiation with the aesthetic dimension of their body image. Finally, we provide important implications of the use of visual methods in body image research.

AbstractAccording to Origen Genesis 1-3 is an anthropological key-text. The account of man's creation in Gen. 1,26f deals with the creation of the inner non-material man in the image of God, whereas Gen. 2,7 deals with the creation of the human body, the outer man, which is not created in the image of God. Some later critics claim that according to Origen Gen. 2,7 is about the creation of a non-material luminous body. In Origen's opinion only the inner man can reach perfection. The outer man can never be perfect, but will be destroyed. To deepen our understanding of, how Origen understands the mortality of the human body, some short sayings about the meaning of Gen. 3,21 are interpreted. In the few places where Origen refers explicitly to Gen. 3,21 there is no clear picture of how he interprets this verse. The most precise observation we can make is that in his view the skin coats denote the mortal corporality that surrounds the inner man.

Abstrak. Citra tubuh adalah ide seseorang mengenai penampilannya dihadapan orang lain. Umumnya wanita memiliki perhatian lebih dalam menjaga penampilanya. Obesitas adalah suatu masalah yang ditakuti wanita dan dapat berdampak pada masalah psikologis dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran citra tubuh pada wanita dewasa awal yang mengalami obesitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif studikasus dengan pada satu orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner yang mengukur gambaran citra tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek memiliki kebiasaan pola makan berlebihan dan kurang gerak tubuh sehingga memiliki dampak seperti gangguan psikososial: rasa rendah dan menarik diri, gangguan kesehatan: mudah lelah/mengantuk dan kesulitan keseimbangan. Adapun citra tubuhnya secara keseluruhan mengangggap fisik tidak menarik, kesulitan menyesuaikan diri, namun tidak melakukan usaha konsisten mengevaluasi penampilan sehingga disarankan melakukan konsultasi kesehatan dan psikologis. Kata Kunci: Citra tubuh, Wanita Dewasa Awal, Obesitas Abstract. Body image is someone's idea about his appearance before other people. Generally women have more attention in maintaining their appearance. Obesity is a problem that women fear and can have an impact on psychological and health problems. The purpose of this study is to describe body image in early adult women who are obese. The research method used was a qualitative approach to casestudy with one person. Methods of collecting data using observations, interviews, and questionnaires that measure the picture of body image. The results showed subjects had a habit of overeating and lacking gestures so that they had an impact such as psychosocial disorders: feeling of inferiority and withdrawal, health problems: fatigue/ sleepiness and balance difficulties. The overall body image is physically unattractive, difficulty adjusting, but does not make a consistent effort to evaluate appearance so it is advisable to conduct health and psychological consultations. Keywords: Body image, Early Adult Woman, Obesity

Emotional states influence whole-body movements during quiet standing, gait initiation, and steady state gait. A notable gap exists, however, in understanding how emotions affect postural changes during the period preceding the execution of planned whole-body movements. The impact of emotion-induced postural reactions on forthcoming posturomotor movements remains unknown. We sought to determine the influence of emotional reactions on center of pressure (COP) displacement before the initiation of forward gait. Participants (N = 23, 14 females) stood on a force plate and initiated forward gait at the offset of an emotional image (representing five discrete categories: attack, sad faces, erotica, happy faces, and neutral objects). COP displacement in the anteroposterior direction was quantified for a 2 second period during image presentation. Following picture onset, participants produced a posterior postural response to all image types. The greatest posterior displacement was occasioned in response to attack or threat stimuli compared with happy faces and erotica images. Results suggest the impact of emotional states on gait behavior begins during the motor planning period before the preparatory phase of gait initiation, and manifests in center of pressure displacement alterations.

MRI is a medicinal imaging system utilized as a part of radiology to picture the inner structure of the human body for the analysis of various sorts of wounds and conditions in a non– obtrusive way. A standout amongst the most difficult issues in therapeutic imaging is pressure of the information to be sent over fitting transmission lines with no misfortune in data. Setting based displaying gives high spatial determination and differentiation affectability necessities for the analytic reason. Since, it is attractive to have exact lossless pressure of MRI picture, execute the Prediction by Partial Approximate Matching (PPAM). PPAM models the likelihood of the encoding image in view of its past settings, whereby setting events are considered in an inexact settings proficiently, store the settings that have been beforehand seen in a tree structure, called the PPAM setting tree.

The article addresses non-verbal communication presenting the national peculiarities of body language in Germany in close correlation with the stereotypical image of the German nation and the language picture of the world. The author gives a typology of German non-verbal communication on the basis of interpersonal interaction. The article illustrates gender differences in non-verbal communication of Germans giving particular attention to its national and international aspects. The author demonstrates the process of acculturation through non-verbal communication of foreigners living in Germany and of Germans living in Russia.

Biomedical picture handling has encountered emotional extension, and has been an interdisciplinary research field drawing in skill from connected arithmetic, PC sciences, building, insights, material science, science and medication. PC helped indicative handling has just turned into a critical piece of clinical daily schedule. Joined by a surge of new advancement of high innovation and utilization of different imaging modalities, more difficulties emerge; for instance, how to process and dissect a huge volume of pictures so top notch data can be delivered for sickness findings and treatment. The foremost destinations of this course are to give a prologue to essential ideas and strategies for medicinal picture preparing and to advance interests for further examination and research in restorative imaging handling. We will present the Medical Image Processing and abridge related research work here and portray late cutting edge strategies Restorative imaging is regularly seen to assign the arrangement of procedures that noninvasively produce pictures of the inside part of the body. The arrangement of numerical opposite issues has been done with the help of therapeutic imaging. The ultrasonic weight waves and echoes that go inside the tissue to demonstrate the inward structure in medical ultrasonography. In projectional radiography X-beam radiation, which is grouped with respect to its rates and tissue types such as bone, muscle, and fat. As the quality of medical imaging affects analysis that medical image processing has become a vital and the clinical applications wants to store and retrieve images for future purpose needs some suitable process to store those images in details. The paper discusses the general concept of medical image processing.

Summary Objectives: To develop a general structure for semantic image analysis that is suitable for content-based image retrieval in medical applications and an architecture for its efficient implementation. Methods: Stepwise content analysis of medical images results in six layers of information modeling incorporating medical expert knowledge (raw data layer, registered data layer, feature layer, scheme layer, object layer, knowledge layer). A reference database with 10,000 images categorized according to the image modality, orientation, body region, and biological system is used. By means of prototypes in each category, identification of objects and their geometrical or temporal relationships are handled in the object and the knowledge layer, respectively. A distributed system designed with only three core elements is implemented: (i) the central database holds program sources, processing scheme descriptions, images, features, and administrative information about the workstation cluster; (ii) the scheduler balances distributed computing; and (iii) the web server provides graphical user interfaces for data entry and retrieval, which can be easily adapted to a variety of applications for content-based image retrieval in medicine. Results: Leaving-one-out experiments were distributed by the scheduler and controlled via corresponding job lists offering transparency regarding the viewpoints of a distributed system and the user. The proposed architecture is suitable for content-based image retrieval in medical applications. It improves current picture archiving and communication systems that still rely on alphanumerical descriptions, which are insufficient for image retrieval of high recall and precision.

The goal of promoting diversity is deep-rooted in the post-civil rights activities of U.S. educational institutions. Universities across the country attempt to foster diversity by seeking a diverse student body, creating initiatives that promote diversity, institutionalizing committees and administrative positions with the sole purpose of overseeing diversity, and implementing curricular strategies to support academic diversity. The pursuit of diversity is so integral to the survival and attractiveness of college campuses that some universities even lie in order to appear diverse to potential students and public supporters. Such was the case of the University of Wisconsin, Madison whose officials digitally inserted the face of a black student into an image of white football fans in order to portray a diverse picture of the university's student body. Etemonstrating that diversity is valued is a staple of any academically competitive US university.

Introduction: Overall, the picture that someone has for oneself as integrated and independent man can be put to severe test because of the compulsory dependence that the ileostomy causes. The aim of this study was to investigate in depth the opinions and expectations of patients who have undergone ileostomy, with the ultimate goal of interpreting and better understanding of human emotions in the actual environment to which they belong, highlighting the underlying impact on self- image. Methods: Data collection was performed by individual semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. The sample consisted of five patients who had undergone surgery ileostomy and were selected by purposive sampling. For data analysis the qualitative methodological approach and specific initial coding «in vivo» was used, as well as thematic content analysis. Results: Nine subcategories were created. Each of them also grouped to record six categories. Afterwards, three themes derived from these categories: a) The soul stressful situation as a specific pattern of perception of self-image, b) The preservation of identity through social support: the imaginary walls of the society towards the patient, c) The subjective feeling of lack of power and lack of attractiveness because of compulsory dependency disease. The ileostomy, permanent or temporary, except of the exhaustively physical symptoms, has serious impact on the mental and social well-being by influencing the way the person sees the change in its body image, resulting in limitations in its personal and social life. The reaction of a patient to his/hers disease can be affected by many variables, including the way that the patient sees himself, the he/she behaves and thinks. Changes in physical appearance, function and body integrity are usually central to the long- or short-term experience of illness and care.

<span>In the high-tech world, medical imaging is very important to diagnose and analyze illness inside human body. The increasing number of patients annually has continuously growth the amount of medical imaging data generated and directly causes a demand for data storage. Generally, medical images are rich with data, where these data are important for diagnosing purpose. However, some of the data represents redundant information and sometimes can be discarded. Thus, the research area on medical image compression dealing with three-dimensional (3-D) modalities need to be given more attention and exploration. The algorithm development using wavelet transform with software implementation are the famous topics explored among researchers, whilst fewer works have been done in utilizing curvelet transform in medical image compression. Along with that, very limited hardware implementation of 3-D medical image compression is discovered. In term of performance evaluation, most of the previous works conducted objective test compared with subjective test. To fill in this gap, medical image compression system will be reviewed, with the aim to identify the recent method used in medical image compression system. This paper thoroughly scrutinizes the recent advances in medical image compression mainly in terms of compression method, algorithm development with software and hardware implementations and performance evaluation. In conclusion, the overall picture of the medical image compression landscape, where most of the researchers more focused on algorithm development or software implementations without having the combination of software and hardware implementations.</span>

Abstract This article analyzes the painterly formation of pictorial subjects of embodiment and disembodiment since the early modern period. Starting with Gerhard Richter, Quattrocento painters, and Titian, it focuses on Rembrandt and his late group portrait The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Deijman (1656). The subject of this picture is a dissection of a man’s brain – and hence the surgeons’ search for the seat of the human soul and the motion of life. In the motif of the corpse, Rembrandt performs a radical operation with paint layers that historical sources described with the terms “doodverwe” and “lyffverwe” (“dead color” and “body color”). Rembrandt’s pictorial formation is a distinctly complex answer to the soulless, lifeless corpse’s state of being, which has been reduced to no more than an image. At the same time, the dead body is the place in which Rembrandt reflects the act of painting as a way of working with the tension of embodiment and disembodiment, of giving and taking life, with color.

This article discusses the problem of imagination as a holistic phenomenon of cognition based on the concept of corporeality of mind. Imagination becomes an instrument for enactive subject &ndash; object interaction. They complement and revive each other in the activity of cognition and self-cognition. Imagination is a generative model of cyclical interaction between the subject and object in junction of the image and action. Imagination is a moment of visual culture, a means of shaping thoughts and feelings in the optical coherence of mental actions in the reproduction of the picture, scenic manifestations of the material in mental life of a person, interpretation of the imagery-symbolic language and action. Imagination creates the space of the game of feelings, mind, and body in the context of cognitive engagement of a person. The most vivid manifestation as a phenomenon of cognition imagination acquires in the practice of psychoanalysis. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the following statement: psychoanalytic description interprets imagination in realization of the image through body and mind. The article employs the method of enactive construction of knowledge, visualization and psychoanalytic description, which demonstrates imagination as an integrative dimension of a human, optically harmonizes body, thought, and external environment of a person. The article underlines the role of metaphors, transformation, and paradoxicality, which indicate the degree of depiction of the image through integration of the corporeal, social and imaginable in a circular, cyclical dependence. Imagination creates the syntheses of these dimensions in a &ldquo;paradoxical system&rdquo;, translation of the fiction into symbolic language, and symbolic substantiations of the living experience of a cognizing being. Imagination is the organic development of human nature. The interactant appears to be an external environment and part of the human organization that creates him through the living experience of cognition and self-cognition.

In this manuscript, biological durability, cytotoxicity and MRI image contrast effect of chitosan modified magnetic nanoparticles were investigated. The result of durability study shows that the asprepared sample with average size of about 30 nm had a high stability under pH conditions in range of from 2 to 12 and at salt concentration in range of from 0 to 300 mM. The cytotoxicity testing indicates that the obtained Fe3O4@CS ferrofluid revealed a low cytotoxicity. After 48 h of test on the line of prostate tumor cells of Sarcoma 180, collected IC50 value was 178.5±22 (μg/ml), 7.5 to 27.9 times less cytotoxicity than that of reported ferromagnetic fluids. MRI data shows that the transverse relaxation rate (r2) of the ferrite nanoparticles was 130.32 (mM−1s−1), 2 and 1.44 times larger than that of the commercial products of Sinerem (AMI-227) and Ferumoxytol products, respectively. Invivo test in rabbit shows that the picture of body parts was clearly observed after the injection of the Fe3O4@CS ferrofluid. With these outstanding properties, this magnetic fluid based on the chitosan modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles had great potential for enhancing the image contrast in image diagnosis by MRI magnetic resonance imaging technique.

In the wake of Foucault's provocative philosophical contributions to the study of discipline and punishment, social and legal historians no longer narrate penal history as a straightforward tale of moral and political progress. In its place is a schematic picture of a large-scale retreat from the body to the prison as the prime site of punishment. Historiographical proclivities perpetuate that image: early modernists tend to concentrate on the Bloody Code and similar régimes of terror, whereas historians of the twentieth century specialize in studies of regulatory modes of punishment and “normalization.” These latter works include histories of reformatories, family courts, social workers, psychiatric experts—in short the institutions and agents that best instantiate the reorientation toward disciplining the soul and governing the self. Scholars who study corporal and capital punishment in the twentieth century would seem to have nothing to add, other than to remark that there were exceptions in the wider history of penal change.

The paper proposes a method for selection the region of diabetic macular edema in fundus images using OCT data. The relevance of the work is due to the need to create support systems for laser coagulation to increase its effectiveness. The proposed algorithm is based on a set of image segmentation methods, as well as searching for specific points and compiling their descriptors. The Canny method is used to find the boundary between the vitreous body and the retina in OCT images. The segmentation method, based on the Kruskal algorithm for constructing the minimum spanning tree of a weighted connected undirected graph, is used to select the retina to the pigment layer in the image. Using the results of segmentation, a map of the thickness of the retina of the eye and its deviation from the norm were constructed. In the course of the research, the optimal parameter values were selected in the Canny and graph segmentation algorithms, which allow to achieve a segmentation error of 5 %. SIFT, SURF, and AKAZE methods were considered for super-imposing calculated maps of the retina thickness and its deviation from the norm on the fundus image. In cases where a picture from the fundus camera of the OCT apparatus is provided along with OCT data, using the SURF method, it is possible to accurately combine with the fundus image.

Total suspended solid (TSS) is one of the parameters that uses for detecting health in aquatic environments. The distribution of the TSS value in the water body will affect the aquatic ecosystem. In this research will be analyzed the distribution value of TSS during 5 year period by utilizing Landsat 8 satellite image data, where the developed method is extraction of reflectance value from Landsat 8 satellite image for 5 years using SEADASS and then compiled the TSS algorithm with reflectance value that already obtained on the existing conditions, the algorithm obtained is estimated over 5 years back to get a picture of change and distribution of TSS value. As a case study , the coast of Ujung Pangkah Gresik was taken which has the mouth of the river Bengawan Solo. The results obtained from this study illustrate the decrease of TSS value during that time period, so that with this decrease can be concluded that at the point of field coordinate, TSS value was decreasing and causing the erosion in the environment.

Semantics of space is one of the topical topics of modern research. As an essential part of the mythopoietic picture of the world, space often relates to the home/dwelling image. The image of the house and it’s repositions in various folklore genres, rites and traditions were addressed by many researchers. In particular, house/dwelling - as one of the fundamental semanthems in the folklore model of the world is considered by T. V. Civyan on the example of Balkan riddles. Based on this and other research, we will show how the image of the house is realized in the riddles of the people of Komi. The material of the study was the published and unpublished texts of Komi riddles from linguistic collections and archival sources of the mid-19th - the first third of the 20th centuries. Analysis of the texts showed that the house, its elements and related objects form an essential part of the entire body of riddles. The house as an entire object, but more often - at the level of its constituent components - appears both in the part to be enunciated and guessed (denotative), in a large number of texts. The set of these components is in principle universal for most traditions to ask riddles, including for Komi.

AbstractThis reading is about critical versions of texts and how they survive (or over-live) in the critical imagination. It looks at three readings of the book of Jonah, from 1550, 1781-2 and 1860, the first freezing the moment where Jonah is catapulted from the boat as the narrative's single defining moment, the second abstracting the image of Jonah looking out over Nineveh and snarling over God's change of mind, and the third zooming in on the body of the whale, its species, jawsize and body weight. In each case it is clear that the book of Jonah (and thus the Bible) is not hermetically sealed off from culture nor merely read against a cultural background, but that the "Bible" and "Society," text and context, are held in complex and reciprocal lines of force. The story of Jonah, the whale, God and the Ninevites is a stage where the transformed fears and anxieties of cultures are acted out, and gives back to society a transformed, idealised, picture of itself.

The aim of this paper was to identify which psycholinguistic variables are better predictors of performance for healthy participants in a picture naming task and in a picture categorization task. A correlation analysis and a Path analysis were carried out. The correlation analysis showed that naming accuracy and naming latency are significant and positively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables, whereas they are negatively correlated with H index. Reaction times in the categorization task were negatively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables and positively correlated with visual complexity variable. The Path analysis showed that subjective lexical frequency and H index are the better predictors for picture naming task. In picture categorization task, for reaction times, the better predictor variables were subjective lexical frequency, conceptual familiarity and visual complexity. These findings are discussed considering previous works on the field. References Akinina, Y., Malyutina, S., Ivanova, M., Iskra, E., Mannova, E., & Dragoy, O. (2015). Russian normative data for 375 action pictures and verbs. Behavior research methods, 47(3), 691-707. doi: 10.3758/s13428-014-0492-9 Alario, F. X., & Ferrand, L. (1999). A set of 400 pictures standardized for French: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, visual complexity, image variability, and age of acquisition. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31(3), 531-552. Alario, F. X., Ferrand, L., Lagnaro, M., New, B., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Seguí, J. (2004). Pre­dictors of picture naming speed. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36, 140-155. doi: 10.3758/BF03195559 Albanese, E., Capitani, E., Barbarotto, R., & Laiacona, M. (2000). Semantic category disso­ciations, familiarity and gender. Cortex, 36, 733-746. Almeida, J., Knobel, M., Finkbeiner, M., & Caramazza, A. (2007). The locus of the frequency effect in picture naming: When recognizing is not enough. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(6), 1177-1182. Arbuckle, J. L. (2003). AMOS 5.0. Chicago: SmallWaters. Bakhtiar, M., & Weekes, B. (2015). Lexico-semantic effects on word naming in Persian: Does age of acquisition have an effect? Memory & Cognition, 43(2), 298-313. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0472-4 Balota, D. A., Pilotti, M., & Cortese, J. M. (2001). Subjective frequency estimates for 2,938 monosyllabic words. Memory & Cognition, 29, 639-647. doi: 10.3758/BF03200465 Barbón, A., & Cuetos, F. (2006). Efectos de la Edad de Adquisición en tareas de Categorización Semántica. Psicológica, 27, 207-223. Barca, L., Burani, C., & Arduino, L. (2002). Word naming times and psycholinguistic norms for Italian nouns. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 34(3), 424-434. Barry, C., Morrison, C. M., & Ellis, A. W. (1997). Naming the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures: Effects of age of acquisition, frequency and name agreement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50(A), 560-585. Bates, E., Burani, C., D´amico, S., & Barca, L. (2001). Word reading and picture naming in Italian. Memory and Cognition, 29(7), 986-999. Bates, E., D'Amico, S., Jacobsen, T., Székely, A., Andonova, E., Devescovi, A., . . . Tzeng, O. (2003). Timed picture naming in seven languages. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 20(2), 344-380. doi: 10.3758/BF03196494 Berman, S., Friedman, D., Hamberger, M., & Snodgrass, J. G. (1989). Developmental picture norms: Relationships between name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity for child and adult ratings of two sets of line drawings. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 21(3), 371-382. Bonin, P., Boyer, B., Méot, A., Fayol, M., & Droit, S. (2004). Psycholinguistic norms for action photographs in French and their relationships with spoken and written latencies. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 127-139. doi: 10.3758/BF03195558 Bonin, P., Chalard, M., Méot, A., & Fayol, M. (2002). The determinants of spoken and written picture naming latencies. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 89-114. doi: 10.1348/ 000712602162463 Bonin, P., Peereman, R., Malardier, N., Méot, A., & Chalard, M. (2003). A new set of 299 pictures for psycholinguistic studies: French norms for name agreement, image agreement, conceptual familiarity, visual complexity, image variability, age of acquisition and naming latencies. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 158-167. Boukadi, M., Zouaidi, C., & Wilson, M. A. (2016). Norms for name agreement, familiarity, subjective frequency, and imageability for 348 object names in Tunisian Arabic. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 585-599. doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0602-3 Brysbaert, M., Van Wijnendaele, I., & De Deyne, S. (2000). Age-of-acquisition effects in seman­tic processing tasks. Acta Psychologica, 104, 215-226. doi: 10.1016/S0001-6918(00)00021-4 Cameirão, M. L., & Vicente, S. G. (2010). Age-of-acquisition norms for a set of 1,749 Portuguese words. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 474-480. doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.2.474 Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., Barbarotto, R., & Trivelli, C. (1994). Living and nonliving categories: Is there a “normal” asymmetry? Neuropsychologia, 32, 1453-1463. Carroll, J. B., & White, M. N. (1973). Word frequency and age of acquisition as determiners of picture-naming latency. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25(1), 85-95. doi: 10.1080/14640747308400325 Cuetos, F., & Barbón, A. (2006). Word naming in Spanish. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 415-436. Cuetos, F., Ellis, A., & Alvarez, B. (1999). Naming times for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures in Spanish. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 31, 650-658. doi: 10.3758/BF03200741 Cycowicz, Y. M., Friedman, D., Rothstein, M., & Snodgrass, J. G. (1997). Picture naming by young children: Norms for name agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 65(2), 171-237. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1996.2356 D´amico, S., Devescovi, A., & Bates, E. (2001). Picture naming and lexical access in italian children and adults. Journal of Cognition and Development, 2(1), 71-105. Dell´Acqua, R., Lotto, L., & Job, R. (2000). Naming times and standardized norms for the Italian PD/DPSS set of 266 pictures. Direct comparisons with American, English, French and Spanish published databases. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 588-615. Ellis, A. W., & Morrison, C. M. (1998). Real age of acquisition effects in lexical retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 24, 515-523. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.515 Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003). DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods Instruments and Computers, 35, 116-124. doi: 10.3758/BF03195503 Gaffan, D., & Heywood, C. (1993). A spurious category-specific visual agnosia for living things in normal human and nonhuman primates. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5(118-128). doi: 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.1.118 Humphreys, G. W., Riddoch, M. J., & Quinlan, P. T. (1988). Cascade processes in picture identification. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5(1), 67-103. Iyer, G., Saccuman, C., Bates, E., & Wulfeck, B. (2001). A Study of Age-of-acquisition (AoA) Ratings in Adults. CRL Newsletter, 13(2), 3-16. Khwaileh, T., Body, R., & Herbert, R. (2014). A normative database and determinants of lexical retrieval for 186 Arabic nouns: Effects of psycholinguistic and morpho-syntactic variables on naming latency. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 43, 749-769. doi: 10.1007/ s10936-013-9277-z Khwaileh, T., Mustafawi, E., Herbert, R., & Howard, D. (2018). Gulf Arabic nouns and verbs: A standardized set of 319 object pictures and 141 action pictures, with predictors of naming latencies. Behavior Research Methods, 50(6), 2408-2425. doi: 10.3758/s13428-018-1019-6 Laws, K. R. (1999). Gender afects latencies for naming living and nonliving things: implications for familiarity. Cortex, 35, 729–733. Laws, K. R. (2000). Category-specificity naming errors in normal subjects: The influence of evolution and experience. Brain and Language, 75, 123-133. doi: 10.1006/brln.2000.2348 Laws, K. R., & Neve, C. (1999). A `normal` category-specific advantage for naming living things. Neuropsychologia, 37, 1263-1269. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00018-4 Lloyd-Jones, T. J., & Humphreys, G. W. (1997). Perceptual differentiation as a source of category effects in object processing: evidence from naming and object decision. Memory and Cognition, 25, 18-35 doi: 10.3758/BF03197282 Manoiloff, L., Artstein, M., Canavoso, M., Fernández, L., & Seguí, J. (2010). Expanded norms for 400 experimental pictures in an Argentinean Spanish-speaking population. Behavior Research Methods, 42(2), 452-460. doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.2.452 Martein, R. (1995). Norms for name and concept agreement, familiarity, visual complexity and image agreement on a set of 216 pictures. Psychologica Belgica, 35, 205-225. Martínez-Cuitiño, M., Barreyro, J. P., Wilson, M., & Jaichenco, V. (2015). Nuevas normas semán­ticas y de tiempos de latencia para un set de 400 dibujos en español. Inter­disci­plinaria, 32(2), 289-305. Martínez-Cuitiño, M., & Vivas, L. (In press). Category or diagnosticity effect? The influence of color in picture naming tasks. Psychology and Neuroscience. doi: 10.1037/pne0000172 Meschyan, G., & Hernandez, A. (2002). Age of acquisition and word frequency: Determinants of object-naming speed and accuracy. Memory & Cognition, 30, 262-269. doi: 10.3758/ BF03195287 Morrison, C. M., Chappell, T. D., & Ellis, A. W. (1997). Age of Acquisition Norms for a Large Set of Object Names and Their Relation to Adult Estimates and Other Variables. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 50(3), 528-559. doi: 10.1080/027249897392017 Morrison, C. M., Ellis, A. W., & Quinlan, P. T. (1992). Age of acquisition, not word frequency, affects object naming, not object recognition. Memory and Cognition, 20, 705-714. doi: 10.3758/BF03202720 Oldfield, R. C., & Wingfield, A. (1965). Response latencies in naming objects. Quart J Exp Psychol`, 17, 273-281. doi: 10.1080/17470216508416445 Protopapas, A. (2007). Check Vocal: A program to facilitate checking the accuracy and response time of vocal responses from DMDX. Behavior Research Methods, 39(4), 859-862. doi: 10.3758/BF03192979 Sanfeliu, M. C., & Fernández, A. (1996). A set of 254 Snodgrass-Vanderwart pictures standar­dized for Spanish: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 28, 537-555. Shao, Z., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (2012). Sources of individual differences in the speed of naming objects and actions: The contribution of executive control. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(10), 1927-1944. Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174-215. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.6.2.174 Snodgrass, J. G., & Yuditsky, T. (1996). Naming times for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, y Computers, 28(4), 516-536. Székely, A., & Bates, E. (2000). Objective Visual Complexity as a Variable in Studies of Pictures Naming. CLR Newsletter, 12(2), 3-33. Székely, A., D’Amico, S., Devescovi, A., Federmeier, K., Herron, D., Iyer, G., . . . Bates, E. (2003). Timed picture naming: Extended norms and validation against previous studies. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 621-633. doi: 10.3758/ BF03195542 Tanaka-Ishii, K., & Terada, H. (2011). Word familiarity and frequency. Studia Linguistica, 65(1), 96-116. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9582.2010.01176.x Vitkovitch, M., & Tyrrell, L. (1995). Sources of disagreement in object naming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48(A), 822-848. doi: 10.1080/14640749508401419 Warrington, E. K., & McCarthy, R. A. (1983). Category-specific access dysphasia. Brain, 106, 859-879. doi: 10.1093/brain/106.4.859

To maintain the significantly positive influence of celebrity endorsement (CE) on Instagram user consumption behavior, scholars and business practitioners are motivated to have a better understanding of this phenomenon. Literature on CE focuses on its direct effect on attitude toward various brand components; however, this study takes a different approach by developing a new conceptual model and a set of hypotheses that aims to generate a better picture of the relationship between two brand components (brand image and brand trust) and repurchase intention. The present study also examines the moderating role of CE in the relationship between brand image and brand trust as well as repurchase intention. The hypotheses were tested using online survey data from 220 Indonesian respondents. To test the theoretical model, this study employs ordinary least square regression (OLS), as well as Baron and Kenny’s (1986) method to test moderating hypotheses. The results show that the hypothesized model of CE on brand image, brand trust and repurchase intention fits the data. In addition, the findings also demonstrate that CE moderates the relationship between brand image and brand trust, and between brand image and repurchase intention. The findings offer important contributions to the academic by enriching the body of literature on online consumption behavior. They reveal the moderating effect of CE, and potentially inspire scholars to conduct further research. To business practitioners, this study suggests the importance of engaging with celebrities to endorse their brands. At the same time, to avoid the risk of reverse image, managers are recommended to think carefully about which celebrities are suitable to represent their brands.

Quebec visual artist Isabelle Hayeur has become known internationally over the past decade for a body of photographic and video work that deals mostly in pseudorealistic landscapes of man-made desolation and devastation, created by the digital photomanipulation of visual evidence of the entropy generated by “development.” Collapsing time and space, cause and effect, visible power and its hidden costs in a single image, she subtly conflates seemingly contradictory aspects of industrial civilization (construction/destruction, spectacle/invisible, power/refuse) in deadpan epics of tragic irony characterized by a disenchanted sublime. Heidegger’s concept of the gigantic helps elucidate this paradox; his definition of modernity as “the conquest of the world as picture” is used here to understand the dark spectacle of its development in terms of the photographic medium itself in a sample of Hayeur’s work since 2008.

The modern scholars have studied the maternity of the Church independently from the anti-Donatist literature. But a careful study of the anti-Donatist documents reveals many interesting elements. According to Optatus and Augustine the notion of mother was abscribed to all believers, because the body of Christ was formed of all those the Church bore as children through the baptism. According to both African bishops also the donatists gave a valid baptism, but only Augustine demonstrated how the salvation could be found outside of the viscera Ecclesiae. Then this article deals with the image of the Ecclesia mater as illustrated in the Adversus Donatistas of Optatus published in answer to the donatist bishop Parmenianus and in all that Augustine penned against the schismatics (Tractatus, Sermones, Epistulae). By doing so, it presents a picture of the African theology of the fourth century.

Nowadays, the most demanding and time consuming task in medical image processing is Brain tumor segmentation and detection. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is employed for creating a picture of any part in a body. MRI provides a competent quick manner for analyzing tumor in the brain. This proposed framework contains different stages for classifying tumor like Preprocessing, Feature extraction, Classification, and Segmentation. Initially, T1-weighted magnetic resonance brain images are considered as an input for computational purpose. Median filter is proposed to optimize the skull stripping in MRI images. Abnormal brain tissues are extracted in low contrast, in addition to meticulous location of edges of affected tissue can be detected. Then, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) are performing feature extraction process. HOG is used for extracting the features like texture and shape. Then, Classification is performed through Machine learning categorization techniques via Random Forest Classifier (RFC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Decision Tree (DT). These classifiers classify the brain image as either normal or abnormal and the performance is analyzed by various parameters such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

BACKGROUND: Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes destruction of articular cartilage, early treatment significantly improves symptoms and delays progression. It is important to detect subtle damage for an early diagnosis. Recent software programs are comparable with the conventional human scoring method regarding detectability of the radiographic progression of RA. Thus, automatic and accurate selection of relevant images (e.g. hand images) among radiographic images of various body parts is necessary for serial analysis on a large scale. OBJECTIVE: In this study we examined whether deep learning can select target images from a large number of stored images retrieved from a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) including miscellaneous body parts of patients. METHODS: We selected 1,047 X-ray images including various body parts and divided them into two groups: 841 images for training and 206 images for testing. The training images were augmented and used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) consisting of 4 convolution layers, 2 pooling layers and 2 fully connected layers. After training, we created software to classify the test images and examined the accuracy. RESULTS: The image extraction accuracy was 0.952 and 0.979 for unilateral hand and both hands, respectively. In addition, all 206 test images were perfectly classified into unilateral hand, both hands, and the others. CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning showed promise to enable efficiently automatic selection of target X-ray images of RA patients.

Diabetes is a public health problem affected pregnant rats associated with developmental defects of their growing fetuses and histopathological abnormalities of their body organs. The traditional application of phytotherapy encourages author to develop the more safety plants which exerts antidiabetic activity and improve the histological structure. The present study aimed to evaluate the intensity of lesions induced in liver, kidney, heart and lingual mucosa of 18-day old fetuses of diabetic mother. Also, how can cinnamon-extract supplementation exert antiapoptic activity and improved the histological picture during in utero treatment. Twenty pregnant rats were used in the present work. They were categorized into four groups (n = 5); control, cinnamon extract group, diabetes, diabetes and cinnamon supplementation. Diabetes was developed by single i.p. administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg in citrate buffer pH 4.5 plus 100mg/kg nicotinamide). Cinnamon watery extract (300mg/kg body weight) was daily orally administrered from 6th day of gestation until 18th day of gestation. At the end of treatment, the mother was sacrificed, and their fetuses were removed and liver, kidney, heart and tongue were dissected and preserved in 10% phosphate buffered formalin pH 7.4. Also, immunohistochemistry of caspase 3 and P53 were carried out. At 18th day of gestation, maternal blood glucose levels were monitored in the investigated groups. The present findings revealed that diabetes induced damage of hepatocytes, deformation of renal tubules and renal corpuscles, fragility of myocardial muscles and damage of epithelium lining the lingual mucosa and retarded the differentiation of lingual papillae especially fungiform papillae. Increase average of apoptic cells were detected in the examined tissues of diabetic mother. Cinnamon-treatment reduced the incidence of apoptosis and improved the histological picture of liver, kidney, heart and tongue of fetuses maternally diabetic compared to the control. Image analysis revealed overexpression of immunohistochemical reaction of caspase 3 in liver, kidney and heart as well as caspase 3 and p53 in heart of fetuses of diabetic mother compared to those of diabetic mother supplemented cinnamon extract and control. The authors finally concluded that cinnamon extract showed a hypoglycaemic activity, reduced the streptozotocin associated diabetes and ameliorated the fetal liver, kidney, heart and tongue histological and immunohistochemical picture.

Leonid Gaidai’s comedies of the 1960s owed their phenomenal success to Gaidai’s visual style of humor, which starkly contrasted to verbal instantiations of official Soviet ideology within narrative-driven Soviet cinema. An attentive comparison between Gaidai’s comedies and the satirical films of El'dar Riazanov accounts for the outstanding popularity of the former and the more modest success of the latter. What makes Gaidai unique is his interest in visual, especially physical, humor. Gaidai privileged key elements of physical comedy, such as the primacy of visual over verbal humor, an exhibitionistic enlargement of the human body as a comic attraction, the transition from a still image to a moving picture as a visual attraction, and, most important, a chain of loosely connected sight gags (which became his signature structure) over a coherent and cohesive narrative. By contrast, Riazanov’s satires tended to mock social vices and therefore relied heavily on a goal-oriented ideological narrative.

Multimedia information is getting more abundant and the means to produce it are becoming a commodity, but finding and managing multimedia content is getting harder and harder. In 1996, MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) started a project formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", but better known as MPEG-7, acknowledging the need to efficiently and effectively describe and retrieve multimedia information and recognizing the substantial technological developments in the area of multimedia content description. MPEG-7 sets a standard for multimedia description tools, notably so-called descriptors, description schemes, systems tools and a description definition language. MPEG-7 is generic in the sense that it is not specially designed or optimized for a particular application domain. It is however clear that image and video database applications are among its most important application domains. This paper intends to overview the context, objectives, technical approach, workplan and achievements of the MPEG-7 standard. The first version and main body of this standard should be ready by July 2001.

AbstractThis article provides an overview on the literature published on the topic of cybersecurity for PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications Systems) and medical imaging. From a practical perspective, PACS specific security measures must be implemented together with the measures applicable to the IT infrastructure as a whole, in order to prevent incidents such as PACS systems exposed to access from the Internet. Therefore, the article first offers an overview of the physical, technical and organizational mitigation measures that are proposed in literature on cybersecurity in healthcare information technology in general, followed by an overview on publications discussing specific cybersecurity topics that apply to PACS and medical imaging and present the “building blocks” for a secure PACS environment available in the literature. These include image de-identification, transport security, the selective encryption of the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) header, encrypted DICOM files, digital signatures and watermarking techniques. The article concludes with a discussion of gaps in the body of published literature and a summary.