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Umana, Beauty Friday Happy. "Nigerian Pidgin English in Cape Town: exploring speakers’ attitudes and use in diaspora." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/32098.
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Nigerian Pidgin English is widely spoken in different parts of the country and “has been called the native language of a substantial population of people in the Niger Delta, particularly in the Sapele and Warri areas” (Igboanusi, 2008: 68). According to Balogun (2012: 90), “Nigerian Pidgin English has emerged as the most widely spoken language of inter and intra communication among Nigerians and across diverse ethnic groups that do not share a common language”. The language plays a major role in youth culture and most Nigerians speak the language. There is a general belief by some Nigerians that Nigerian Pidgin English is a colloquial form of English that is mostly spoken by those whose Standard English proficiency has not fully developed (Agheyisi, 1971:30). The government has continued to ignore it “despite the fact that Nigerian Pidgin is in most respects the most logical choice for a national language [and] official attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin remain negative, perpetuating erroneous notions inherited from the colonial period that Nigerian Pidgin is some form of ‘broken English’” (Faraclas 1996: 18). Also, the general attitudes held by Nigerians regarding the language can be described as ambivalent with majority leaning towards the negative attitude more. This project investigated if the Nigerians who find themselves in a different geographical space like Cape Town still hold negative attitudes towards Pidgin English and whether they abstained from speaking the language or speak it freely. The study also sought to establish if those who may have held negative attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English while in Nigeria now hold a different attitude since being in Cape Town. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods in form of online questionnaires and semi structured interviews involving 38 participants to investigate the uses of and attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English. The findings revealed that the attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English do not show significant difference from that held by Nigerians within Nigeria. The participants in this study held negative attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English in formal domains and positive attitudes towards the language in informal domains. These same attitudes were obtainable among Nigerians living in Nigeria. The data analysis revealed that the Nigerians in this study use the language in their daily activities for different purposes. The hegemonic perspective on Pidgins being an informal language that can serve only informal purposes was also present among some of the Nigerians that formed part of this study. Although some thought that the language can go beyond informal domains, the majority thought otherwise. All the participants use Nigerian Pidgin English mainly to communicate with their friends, family members and other Nigerians they encounter despite living far away from home where other languages exist. Also, the analysis revealed that all the participants considered the language to be an important aspect of their Nigerian identity and togetherness in the diaspora. This indicates a significant difference between those in the diaspora and those in Nigeria, because those in the diaspora appreciate and think there is a greater need for Nigerian Pidgin English outside the country. The data suggested that the reason for this shift in attitude is because speaking the language bridges the gap between home and abroad.
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Andersson, Tina, and Carolina Eriksson. "Learning in a language that isn't one's own : the case of Jamaica A Minor Field Study." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1093.
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In this study, titled Learning in a language that isn't one's own - the case of Jamaica, our intention is to give a picture of what the language situation in Jamaica is like. English is the official language in Jamaica, but it is coexisting with Jamacian Creole, which is not admitted as a official language, but it is the language of the people. In this study we try to point out possible factors that have created the language situation of Jamaica. We have mostly focused on the situation at school, all teaching is supposed to be in English. We have observed attitudes among pupils and teachers to English and Jamaican Creole. We will also give general explanations of the terms Pidgin and Creole and we will give a brief history background of Jamaica.
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Piromallo, Andrea. "Considerazioni generali sui pidgin e sulle lingue creole." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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A pidgin is a contact language that arises in situations where two linguistic communities with no language in common need a way to communicate with each other. In these circumstances, the jargon that arises usually borrows lexicon and structures from both languages involved. As the jargon is spoken throughout the generations, it undergoes a process of development which eventually leads to the formation of a more stabilized variety, called a "creole".
After a brief explanation of this process of linguistic evolution, I will show the different hypotheses concerning the birth and development of these languages. I will then explain in detail some of the most widespread and relevant features of these languages regarding the areas of lexicon, phonology and syntax.
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Smith, Norval. "The genesis of the Creole languages of Surinam /." Online version, 1987. http://dds.crl.edu/CRLdelivery.asp?tid=4419.
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Van, Everbroeck Ezra Laurens. "A connectionist model of the effect of pro-drop on SVO languages." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258832.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 8, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-209).
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Love, Susan. "French and Tây Bò̂i in Vietnam : a study of language policy, practice and perceptions /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml897.pdf.
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Love, Susan. "Moi te vouloir parler un peu : pidgins, creoles and non-standard French ; a study of language simplification and universals /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl897.pdf.
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Snow, Gerald Taylor. "Creole Genesis and Universality: Case, Word Order, and Agreement." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6338.
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The genesis of creole languages is important to the field of linguistics for at least two reasons. As newly emerging languages, creoles provide a unique window on the human language faculty and on the development of language generally (Veenstra 2008). They also offer insight into what are arguably universal linguistic structures. Two opposing theories have been in contention in the literature with respect to creole genesis: (1) that creoles owe their origin to the lexifier and substrate languages of their speech community and to other environmental influences (McWhorter 1997); and alternatively, (2) that universal innate linguistic structures or principles are the generative source of creole grammar (Bickerton 1981). Both theories have a claim to at least partial correctness. This thesis adds new evidence in support of the universalist/innatist argument. This thesis examines five written creole languages and two signed creole languages of geographic and historical diversity and focuses on the grammatical system of case, word order, and agreement of these languages as one axis along which to investigate the issue of creole genesis and universality. The signed languages in particular offer unique data, especially the data from Nicaraguan Sign Language, where there was an absence of significant lexifier and substrate influences. Patterns of what are termed core indispensable features in these seven language systems are uncovered, examined and compared. Further comparison is made with the case, word order, and agreement features of the world's languages generally and of creole languages as a subset of the world's languages, based on data in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer & Haspelmath 2009) and in the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (Michaelis et al. 2013b), respectively. The findings and contributions to the field made possible from the data in this thesis are that there are commonalities in the case, word order, and agreement systems of the subject creole languages that qualify as core indispensable features and that these features are generated by universal innate linguistic expectations. These commonalities are: (1) that morphological case inflection is not a core indispensable feature; (2) that SVO word order is a core indispensable feature; and (3) that agreement as a feature, seen only when word order is apparently verb final, occurs only in the signed creole languages and is more accurately interpreted as topicalization incorporated into SVO word order rather than as an independent core feature. Nicaraguan Sign Language presents especially compelling evidence for these conclusions.
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Hammar, Tabea. "Personliga pronomen i pidginspråk : En jämförande undersökning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-124529.
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Pidginspråk är kontaktspråk som uppstår under ansträngda sociolingvistiska förhållanden. De anses vara de mest reducerade språkliga system som ändå möjliggör en lyckad kommunikationinom ett specifikt socialt sammanhang. Det saknas idag forskning som undersöker hur pidginspråk bildar sina språkliga system. Den aktuella studien ska vara ett steg mot mer kunskap inom området och ämnar analysera hur pidginspråk bildar sina personliga pronomenparadigm. Förekomsten av nio olika grammatiska drag har kartlagts hos 18 pidginspråk, deras lexifierare och viktigaste substratspråk. Uppgifterna hämtades genom litteratursökningar och sammanställdes i tabeller i datorprogrammet Excel. Resultatet visar att samtliga undersökta drag förekommer bland pidginspråken men med varierande frekvens. Uppgifterna indikerar att substratspråken har en framträdande roll i processen när pidginspråken bildar sina personliga pronomenparadigm.Pidgins are contact languages that emerge under strained sociolinguistic circumstances. They are seen as the most reduced linguistic system that can still enable successful communication in a specific social context. To this date there is a lack of research investigating how pidgins form their linguistic systems. The present study is intended to be a step towards extended knowledge within the field and aims to investigate how pidgins form their personal pronoun paradigms. The occurrence of nine different grammatical features in 18 pidgins, their lexifiers and most important substrates has been surveyed. The data was collected through literature search and compiled in tables in the computer program Excel. The results show that all surveyed features occur among the pidgins but the frequencies vary. The data indicates that the substrates have a prominent role in the process of pidgins forming their personal pronoun paradigms.
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Caukill, Emma Joy Anne. "The influences of Bislama on lexical choices in children's written English: A case study in Vanuatu." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86994/1/Emma%20Caukill%20Thesis.pdf.
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In Vanuatu, there have been concerns that Bislama (the national language of Vanuatu and a creole with an adapted English vocabulary) hinders English language learning. Consequently, previous language policy restricted the use of Bislama in schools. The findings from this study offer significant insights and implications that may assist teachers with using Bislama in their classrooms in a way that furthers English language and literacy development. This research is timely because the Vanuatu Government have recently implemented a new language policy that allows the vernacular island languages and Bislama to be used as a linguistic resource in schools.
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Durodola, Olufunke Treasure Anike. "The rising popularity of Pidgin English radio stations in Nigeria: an audience study of Wazobia FM, Lagos." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020886.
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This research is located within media studies and draws on the Cultural Studies approach. It is an audience study, which uses the mixed methods of focus group discussions and an online survey to examine the importance of the use of Nigerian Pidgin as a broadcast language in investigating the rising popularity of Pidgin English radio in a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Nigeria. The study focuses on Wazobia FM, a radio station in Lagos, and the first pidgin station in Nigeria. It seeks to determine whether the station’s audience engaged with the station’s programming based on its prioritisation of NigP and the linguistic identity it offers them. The study foregrounds the marginalised status of NigP within the politics of language in Nigeria. It traces the language’s evolution through popular and oppositional expressions in broadcasting and in music. It also seeks to establish the place of Pidgin English within the role that language plays in the formation of the Nigerian identity. This study thus adopts the ‘emic’ perspective, which underpins qualitative methodology, and views social life in terms of processes as opposed to static terms. The theoretical framework of this research revolves around culture, language and identity. Pertinent concepts in post-colonial studies, together with conceptual frameworks in Cultural Studies, such as popular culture, representation, hegemony and counter-culture have been used to make sense of the popularity of NigP radio stations.
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Larsson, Hanna. "Code-Switching in Chinua Achebe's Novels." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1046.
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The aim of this essay is to point out how Chinua Achebe uses different features of Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) in four of his novels. Firstly, there will be an explanation of the terms code switching and proverb, followed by an overview of Pidgin Languages and Nigerian Pidgin English. This study will then deal with two aspects of code-switching in Achebe’s novels: semantic, which includes intertwined Igbo vocabulary and proverbs; and syntactic, which is a study of Nigerian Pidgin English verb phrase constructions. The study will examine how the Igbo lexicon and proverbs function in the text and if/how it is possible to understand the meaning of the Igbo vocabulary. Further, it will examine how the verb constructions of the NPE dialogues are used and if they follow the norm set up by other linguists, or if Achebe alters their usage according to his own style.
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Lesho, Marivic. "The sociophonetics and phonology of the Cavite Chabacano vowel system." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388249508.
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Iglesias, Marisa Carmen. "Hospitable Climates: Representations of the West Indies in Eighteenth-Century British Literature." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6516.
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British expansion to the West Indies in the eighteenth-century resulted in vast economic growth for the British Empire and a rise in literature set in the region. Examining the literature allows for an in-depth exploration of how the Caribbean has become associated as a place of relaxation and escape though its early history of colonialism is fraught with violence. My study builds on the understanding of the Caribbean region in the eighteenth-century and utilizes hospitality theory to articulate the role that cultural exchange and physical setting play in the texts and in the formation of national identity, both in the West Indies and in England.
Using hospitality theory to explore how power shifts between the guest/host/witness, I explore the influence of literature on eighteenth-century perceptions of this region through an examination of the patterns that develop through prose fiction, drama, and poetry. Section one includes Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko (1696), Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) and William Pittis’ The Jamaica Lady (1720). I argue that Behn’s work establishes narrative patterns that uncover what eighteenth-century travelers imagined in the West Indies—the host welcomes the outsider, the land serves as witness, and the arrival of the guest initiates a realignment of the British subjectivity—and show how these patterns reappear in the later works of Defoe and Pittis. In the section two, I show that the theatre creates a shift in these categories as a direct result of space, performance, and shared experience through my readings of Thomas Southerne’s Oroonoko (1696), Richard Cumberland’s The West Indian (1771), and John Gay’s Polly (1728). The final section focuses on the poetry of James Grainger, Nathaniel Weekes, and Francis Williams, revealing the tropes that emerged and demonstrating how the Caribbean land is visualized as a welcoming space. I argue that these genres work together to generate images of the tropics in the eighteenth-century British mindset and provide a foundation for the way we have come to imagine this region today.
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Boe, Jeffrey L. "Painting Puertorriqueñidad: The Jíbaro as a Symbol of Creole Nationalism in Puerto Rican Art before and after 1898." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4290.
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In the three decades surrounding the Spanish-American war (1880-1910), three prominent Puerto Rican artists, Francisco Oller (1833-1917), Manuel E. Jordan (1853-1919), and Ramón Frade (1875-1954) created a group of paintings depicting "el jíbaro," the rural Puerto Rican farm worker, in a way that can be appropriately labeled "nationalistic." Using a set of motifs involving clothes, customs, domestic architecture and agricultural practices unique to rural Puerto Rico, they contributed to the imagination of a communal identity for creoles at the turn of the century. ("Creole" here refers to individuals of Spanish heritage, born on the island of Puerto Rico.) This set of shared symbols provided a visual dimension to the aspirational nationalism that had been growing within the creole community since the mid- 1800s. This creollismo mythified the agrarian laborer as a prototypical icon of Puerto Rican identity. By identifying themselves as jíbaros, Puerto Rican creoles used jíbaro self-fashioning as a way to define their community as unique vis a vis the colonial metropolis (first Spain, later the United States). In this thesis, I will examine works by Oller, Jordan and Frade which employ jíbaro motifs to engage this creollismo. They do so by painting the jíbaro himself, his culture and surroundings, the fields in which he worked, and the bohío hut which was his home. Together, these paintings form a body of jíbaro imagery which I will contextualize, taking into account both the historical circumstances of jíbaro life, as well as the ways in which signifiers of jibarismo began to gain resonance amongst creoles who did not strictly belong to the jíbaro class. The resulting study demonstrates the importance of the mythified jíbaro figure to the project of imagining Puerto Rican creole society as a nation, and the extent to which visual culture participated in this creative process.
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Mešinović, Samra. ""By All the Codes which I Am Acquainted with, I Am a Devilishly Wicked Specimen of the Sex" : The Individual/Culture Conflict in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Culture and Communication, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-12.
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At the turn of the 19th century, ideas promoting women’s rights were sweeping across America. During that time Kate Chopin’s The Awakening was published, portraying a young woman, Edna Pontellier, who after several years of emotional unfullfilment in her marriage questions her place as a woman in her marriage as well in society. Edna’s Presbyterian Kentuckian upbringing is in opposition to Catholic Creole society that her husband belongs to. Creole society, at that time, was governed by its unwritten social codes, which were especially clear on issues concerning women’s traditional roles in society in connection to marriage and social duties. In this essay I present how Edna’s emotional awakening and her struggle to achieve independence are in conflict with the cultural norms that exist in Creole society. Also, I argue that the reason why Edna fails in her search for individual freedom is because her awakening is emotional and not intellectual; she lacks knowledge and cannot perceive herself beyond the conventions that limit and oppress her. Additionally, Edna cannot find guidance in any of the other women because they all act within the frames of the role they are playing.
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Lee, Meredith J. "Writing as cultural action : student writing at a bicultural school /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9313.
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Dietze, Markus. "Die Lukasevangelien auf Caló. Die Ursachen ihrer Sprachinterferenz und der Anteil des Spanischen." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-152855.
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Die Arbeit behandelt die beiden Übersetzungsversionen des Lukasevangeliums ins Caló, die George Borrow 1837 und 1872 anfertigte. Sie hat mehrere Zielstellungen. Der erste Teil geht der Frage nach: Wie kam es zu den beiden Schriften? Er legt dar, welche Einflussfaktoren das authentische Caló im Spanien der 1830er Jahre herausgeprägt haben konnten und welche Einflüsse durch den Übersetzer George Borrow auf die Übersetzungen wirkten. Als extralinguistische Faktoren wird dafür die (Kultur-)Geschichte der Gitanos herangezogen, werden Borrows Biographie sowie seine Sprachkenntnisse untersucht und werden die Aufsätze namhafter Autoren über die Entstehung des Calós diskutiert und gegeneinander abgewogen. So entsteht zum ersten Mal eine komplexe Zusammenfassung der Vorgeschichte des Calós der Evangelien. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit ist einerseits eine Anleitung, die das Caló anhand von Textbeispielen für Hispanisten lesbar macht, und prüft andererseits, ob und wie die Aussage zutrifft, dass Borrows Purifizierungsbestrebungen in der zweiten Übersetzungsversion ein Caló schufen, das einen wesentlich geringeren Anteil an spanischer Sprache hat als in der ersten Version. Die Frage nach der Purifizierung erscheint vor dem Hintergrund der damaligen verklärenden Zigeunermode, der Afición, in Spanien sowie angesichts des Polyglotten Borrow bedeutsam. Um ihr nachzugehen, werden die ersten siebeneinhalb Kapitel beider Übersetzungen mit Hilfe von Textanalyseprogrammen wortartenspezifisch untersucht. Das Ergebnis bestätigt die Annahme bei zehn von sechzehn Wortarten und zeigt auf, dass besonders bei den Autosemantika Purifizierungsversuche unternommen wurden. Wahrscheinlich war aber schon die erste Übersetzungsversion purifiziert.
Die Arbeit liefert einen ersten detaillierten linguistischen Vergleich eines Teiles der beiden Versionen und stellt das Caló der Evangelien in einem sehr umfassenden Kontext vor, wodurch sich eine Vernetzung linguistischer, kulturwissenschaftlicher und literaturwissenschaftlich interessanter Aspekte ergibt.
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Lipski, John M. "El habla de los afroparaguayos: un nuevo renglón de la identidad étnica." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/103059.
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El presente trabajo presenta un estudio etnolingüístico de tres comunidades afroparaguayas: Emboscada (fundada en el siglo XVIII por pardos libres) y Camba Cua y Laurelty (fundadas en el siglo XIX por soldados negros libres que llegaron con el general uruguayo José Gervasio Artigas). Los datosconfirman la existencia de configuraciones lingüísticas que establecen vínculos claros con otras comunidades de habla afrohispánicas, entre ellas el Valle del Chota (Ecuador), los Yungas (Bolivia), Sama-Las Yaras (Perú), el Chocó (Colombia) y Helvécia (Brasil). Entre las características claves sedestacan los plurales invariables y con una sola marca de plural (las persona, los militar), los verbos invariables para persona y número y la ausencia del género nominal femenino (loh mujere, algún comida). -- The present work offers an ethnolinguistic study of three Afro-Paraguayan communities: Emboscada (founded in the 18th century by free blacks), and Camba Cua and Laurelty (founded in the 19th century byfree black soldiers who arrived with the Uruguayan general José Gervasio Artigas). The data confirm the existence of linguistic structures that link Afro-Paraguayans with other Afro-descendent communities, such as the Chota Valley (Ecuador), the Yungas (Bolivia), Sama-Las Yaras (Peru), Chocó (Colombia), and Helvécia (Brazil). Among the principal traits are invariant plurals with a single plural marker (las persona, los militar), verbs invariant for person and number, and lack of feminine gender concord (loh mujere, algún comida).
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Persson, Minna. "Tempus och aspekt i pidginisering : En studie av sju pidginspråk och deras källspråk." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77554.
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It has been proposed that pidgin languages are similar in their marking of tense and aspect. This study wishes to answer three questions: 1) are there similarities in the marking of tense and aspect in pidgins, 2) are there similarities between the source languages and the pidgins they result in, and 3) does the development of tense aspect marking in pidgins follow the general patterns of grammaticalisation observed in other languages. Two quite different approaches are used to analyse the languages. Firstly the concept of grams is used, that is, a representation of a grammatical category in a specific language, e.g. the perfect in Swedish. Secondly the theory of prominence is used, i.e. that a particular language tends to grammaticalise one of the categories tense or aspect (or mood) rather than the other. The study looks at a sample of seven pidgin languages from around the world and compares them with regards to their marking of tense and aspect. Furthermore the tense-aspect systems of the source languages (lexifiers and substrates) of these pidgins are studied. Regarding the first question, the most obvious similarity is the fact that there is very little grammaticalised marking of tense and aspect at all. A pattern can also be discerned were a pidgin uses either a marker for perfective aspect or for past tense and that future/present markers are grammaticalised at a later stage. As for the similarities between the source languages and the pidgins, the pidginisation process has yielded languages with less grammaticalised forms than the source languages. All gram types found in the pidgins can also be found in their lexifiers. The patterns of grammaticalisation of tense and aspect markers follow universal patterns that have been described in typological studies. The semantic change of inherited or borrowed markers follow general patterns as do the innovations in the pidgin itself.
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Agostinho, Ana Lívia dos Santos. "Fonologia e método pedagógico do lung\'le." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-22062015-141126/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma descrição sincrônica do sistema fonológico do lungIe, língua crioula de base portuguesa falada na Ilha do Príncipe, São Tomé e Príncipe, abordando e discutindo os trabalhos prévios (Ribeiro 1888; Schuchardt 1889; Ferraz 1975, 1976, 1979; Ferraz & Traill 1981; Rougé 2004; Maurer 1997; Mané 2007; Araujo & Agostinho 2010; Agostinho et al. 2012, Agostinho 2012; Araujo & Agostinho 2014), e apresentar um método pedagógico para esta língua. A descrição da fonologia traz primeiramente o inventário fonológico da língua, abordando a fonotática dos segmentos consonantais e vocálicos. Apresentamos uma proposta para a estrutura silábica, levando em consideração a posição dos glides e das nasais silábicas. Propomos também a estrutura da sílaba fonética e discutimos sua especificidade em relação à sílaba fonológica. Descrevemos alguns processos fonológicos observados em trabalho de campo, demonstrando que o acento é crucial para os processos de apócope, apagamento de sílaba átona final, ditongação, nasalização, alçamento de vogais átonas finais, e sândi vocálico externo. A relação entre tom e acento também é abordada. Desde 2009, o lungIe tem sido ensinado nas escolas. No entanto, não há materiais didáticos para o ensino. Dessa forma, o público-alvo deste trabalho são os professores e alunos de lungIe, que carecem de material pedagógico para utilizar em sala de aula, além do público acadêmico, em geral. O método pedagógico contém dezessete lições com textos em lungIe, que remetem à cultura e tradição locais, seguidos de equivalentes em português, vocabulário da lição, tópicos gramaticais, texto sobre cultura, em lungIe e português, vocabulário da cultura, exercícios focando os tópicos gramaticais de cada lição e vocabulário temático complementar. Ao final, apresentamos um glossário lungIe/português e português/lungIe com cerca de 1.200 palavras. O método foi elaborado utilizando-se o Alfabeto Unificado para as línguas de São Tomé e Príncipe (ALUSTP). O corpus e as análises do método pedagógico são fruto de trabalho de campo realizado na Ilha do Príncipe durantes os anos 2010, 2011, 2013 e 2014. O sistema de tempo-modo-aspecto utilizado nas notas gramaticais foi baseado em Maurer (2009), dado algumas revisões. A estrutura do método foi livremente inspirada no método Parlons Capverdien langue et culture, de Nicholas Quint (2003), por se tratar de um método de uma língua crioula de base portuguesa. Este material também mostra aos falantes que sua língua é objeto de interesse internacional (cf. Vaux et al. 2007: 4) e, ao mesmo tempo, serve como um instrumento linguístico para apoiar futuros projetos educacionais na Ilha do Príncipe.The aim of this work is to synchronically describe the phonological system of Lung\'Ie, a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in the Island of Príncipe, São Tomé e Príncipe, reviewing and discussing the literature on the subject (Ribeiro 1888; Schuchardt 1889; Ferraz 1975, 1976, 1979; Ferraz & Traill 1981; Rougé 2004; Maurer 1997; Mané 2007; Araujo & Agostinho 2010; Agostinho et al. 2012, Agostinho 2012; Araujo & Agostinho 2014), as well as presenting a pedagogical method for this language. We first present a description of the phonological inventory of the language, addressing phonotactics of consonant and vowel segments. As far as the syllabic structure is concerned, we take into account vowels, consonants, the position of glides and syllabic nasals. In addition, we propose a model for phonetic syllable structure and we discuss its specificities in relation to the phonological syllable. A few phonological processes observed during fieldwork will be examined, demonstrating that stress is crucial for apocope, unstressed syllable deletion, diphthongization, nasalization, raising of the final unstressed syllable and external vocalic sandhi. The relationship between tone and stress is also covered by this work. Since 2009, Lung\'Ie has been taught in schools. However, there is no didactic material available for teaching. Therefore, the intended audience of this work is formed by teachers and students of Lung\'Ie who lack pedagogical material for classroom use and academic circles in general. The pedagogical method is comprised of seventeen lessons. Each lesson has a text written in Lung\'Ie addressing local culture and traditions, followed by a Portuguese translation, lesson vocabulary, grammar topics, another short text on culture in Lung\'Ie and in Portuguese followed by a specific vocabulary, exercises dealing with grammatical topics on each lesson, and an additional thematic vocabulary. At the end of this work, we present a Lung\'Ie/Portuguese and Portuguese/Lung\'Ie glossary with approximately 1,200 words. Our method has been elaborated using the Unified Alphabet for the Languages of São Tomé e Príncipe (ALUSTP). The corpus and analyses present in the pedagogical method are results of fieldwork in the Island of Príncipe, which took place in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2014. The tense-aspect-mood system used in grammatical notes is based in Maurer (2009), although some issues were revised. The structure of this method has been freely inspired by the Parlons Capverdien method langue et culture, by Nicholas Quint (2003), a Portuguese-based creole language pedagogical method. Our work also intends to demonstrate to speakers that their language is an object of international interest and it can be useful as a linguistic instrument by supporting future educational projects in the Island of Príncipe.
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Newby-Rose, Heidi. "Fanakalo as a trade language in Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18083.
Full textAbstract:
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of the pidgin Fanakalo as a trade language in rural
KwaZulu-Natal: its birth under certain historical circumstances; its spread; its
apparent growth, post-1990, as new immigrants continue to enter the country and
acquire and use Fanakalo out of expediency; and the reasons why Fanakalo
continues to thrive in certain contexts. It focuses specifically on similarities between
the relations between Gujarati traders and their customers in the 19th century and
the relations that exist between Gujarati and Pakistani traders and their Zuluspeaking
customers today. Data was collected primarily through semi-structured
interviews with nine Gujarati traders – two born in South Africa and the others
recent immigrants – five Pakistani traders and ten Zulu speakers, of which two were
employees of traders while the others were customers. The results of the data
analysis suggest the principles of expediency and non-intimacy may provide a space
where Fanakalo can continue to flourish. Pidgins are a neglected element in the
study of intercultural communication and the study endeavours to provide pointers
for further research in this field.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van die kontaktaal Fanakalo as ‘n handelstaal in nie-stedelike KwaZulu-Natal: die ontstaan daarvan onder sekere historiese omstandighede; die verspreiding daarvan; die waarskynlike groei daarvan, na 1990 met die arrivering van nuwe immigrante wat Fanakalo aanleer en gebruik uit gerief; en die redes waarom Fanakalo voortbestaan en floreer in sekere kontekste. Die spesifieke fokus is die soortgelyke verhoudinge tussen Gujarati-handelaars en hulle klante in die negentiende eeu, en tussen Gujarati- en Pakistani-handelaars en hulle Zoeloesprekende klante vandag. Inligting is hoofsaaklik deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingewin met nege Gujarati-handelaars – twee in Suid-Afrika gebore en die ander onlangse immigrante – vyf Pakistani-handelaars en tien Zoeloesprekendes, waarvan twee werknemers van handelaars en agt klante was. ‘n Analise van die gegewens dui daarop dat die beginsels van gerief of doelmatigheid, en ongemeensaamheid ‘n ruimte mag skep waarin Fanakalo sal voortbestaan. Die studie van kontaktale behoort meer aandag te geniet in die veld van interkulturele kommunikasie, en hierdie tesis poog om ‘n bydrae daartoe te lewer.
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Fon, Sing Guillaume. "Genèse et système des marqueurs TMA en créole mauricien et en créole haïtien." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030136.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur les marqueurs de temps, de mode et d’aspect [TMA] dans deux créoles français : le mauricien et le haïtien. Deux objectifs sont visés : 1] apporter des arguments pour soutenir l’idée du caractère non exceptionnel des langues créoles et 2] mettre en lumière les différences constrastives du marquage TMA entre les systèmes verbaux des deux créoles. Premièrement, nous remettons en question le concept de « Creole Specific Reanalysis » [Detges 2000] en discutant de l’opposition entre deux mécanismes importants du changement linguistique que sont la grammaticalisation et la réanalyse et nous menons une étude diachronique sur les marqueurs TMA en créole mauricien à partir d’un corpus de textes anciens. Par son exploitation systématique, ce travail permet d’arriver à une description de l’émergence et du développement du système verbal TMA en mauricien. Deuxièmement, nous faisons une étude comparative synchronique des systèmes des marqueurs TMA du mauricien et du haïtien en nous appuyant sur un cadre théorique général de la temporalité et à partir de données contemporaines, issues entre autres d’une enquête suivant le questionnaire de Dahl [1985]. Nous présentons les éléments communs et ceux qui différencient les marqueurs TMA des deux créoles en raison de leurs fonctions communicatives et de leurs sémantismes dans leurs emplois et usages respectifsThis study concerns the tense, mood and aspect [TMA] markers in two French Creoles: Mauritian and Haitian. The objectives of this doctoral thesis are twofold : 1] provide arguments to support the idea that Creole languages are non-exceptional and 2] highlight the contrastive differences of TMA marking between the verbal systems of the two creoles. First, we question the concept of "Creole Specific Reanalysis" [Detges 2000] by discussing the opposition between two important mechanisms in language change : grammaticalization and reanalysis, and we conduct a diachronical study on TMA markers in Mauritian Creole based on a corpus of old texts. Through its systematic exploitation, this work describes the emergence and the development of the TMA verbal system in this Creole. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the synchronic systems of TMA markers in Mauritian and Haitian is done, based on a general theoretical framework on Temporality and on contemporary data, resulting inter alia from a survey using Dahl’s [1985] questionnaire. The study presents the common elements and those that differentiate the TMA markers in the two Creoles because of their semantics and the communicative functions they fulfill
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Valencia, Isabel. "Välkommen till Lagos : En semantisk översättning från engelska till svenska." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182314.
Full textAbstract:
Postkolonial teori har skiftat intresset från västerländska diskurser till frågor som ideologi, ojämlika maktförhållanden och etik. I samband med översättningsvetenskapens kulturella vändning på 1980-talet, började översättningsvetare ifrågasätta översättningsstrategier som antingen assimilerar (domesticering) eller stereotypiserar (exotisering) källkulturen. Newmark (1981) föreslår en semantisk, källtextorienterad översättningsprincip och menar att så länge den åstadkommer en likvärdig effekt, är en ordagrann översättning inte bara den föredragna, utan den enda godtagbara översättningsmetoden. Denna uppsats är en kommentar till min egen översättning av de första 17 kapitlen i romanen Welcome to Lagos, skriven av den nigerianska författaren Chibundu Onuzo. Källtexten har översatts med hjälp av en semantisk översättningsstrategi. Kommentaren fokuserar på tre aspekter som krävde särskild uppmärksamhet under översättningsarbetet, eftersom de utgör betydande utmaningar för semantiska överföringssätt: kulturspecifika begrepp, stilfigurer och talspråksmarkörer. I kommentaren framförs att den semantiska översättningsstrategin fungerade bra på den övergripande textnivån; även om specifika översättningsproblem ibland fick angripas med ett mer kommunikativt förhållningssätt för att åstadkomma en idiomatisk måltext med likvärdig effekt i målkulturen.Postcolonial Studies shifted the interest from Western discourses to issues of ideology, power inequality, and ethics. As a consequence of the cultural turn in translation studies in the 1980s, scholars started questioning translation strategies that either assimilate (domestication) or stereotype (exoticization) the source culture. Proposing a semantic, source-text oriented translation principle, Newmark (1981) argues that as long as an equivalent effect can be achieved, literal translation is not just the preferred, but the only acceptable procedure. This paper comments on my own translation of the first 17 chapters of the novel Welcome to Lagos, written by Nigerian writer Chibundu Onuzo. The source text was translated using a semantic translation strategy. The commentary focuses on three key aspects that demanded particular attention during the translation process, due to the fact that they present significant challenges to semantic transfer methods: culture-specific items, stylistic devices, and spoken language markers. As the commentary suggests, the semantic translation strategy worked well on the global text level; occasionally, however, specific translation problems had to be dealt with using a more communicative approach in order to produce an idiomatic target text with an equivalent effect in the target culture.
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Paul, Marie Ensie. "La méthode comparative historique appliquée au syntagme prédicatif des créoles français de Guadeloupe/ Martinique, Haïti et Louisiane : interrogations et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030120.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la linguistique fonctionnelle. C’est un mémoire de linguistique comparative historique qui se veut une contribution à l’établissement de la parenté entre trois franco-créoles : le haïtien, l‘antillais (Guadeloupe & Martinique) et le louisianais et les variétés de français colonial. Une comparaison du syntagme prédicatif des trois franco-créoles est réalisée dans un premier temps puis la comparaison est établie avec les variétés de français colonial. Le corpus étudié est constitué de deux ensembles de textes. Il s’agit de textes créoles anciens et de documents relatifs aux variétés de français colonial. Les documents créoles étudiés s’étalent sur une période allant de 1671 à 1850, 1804 et 1867 respectivement pour les territoires de Guadeloupe / Martinique, Haïti et Louisiane. Le système TMA, la négation, les verbes sériels, la copule et l’expression du passif sont les points étudiés. Les points retenus pour l’étude ont été sélectionnés en vertu de l’intérêt qu’ils ont suscité dans la littératureWithin the framework of functionalism, this dissertation is a historical comparative research that aims at bringing a contribution to the establishment of relatedness between three French-based Creoles (Haitian, Antillean (Guadeloupe/Martinique) Louisianan and the varieties of colonial French. The predicative syntagm of the three Creoles are compared on one hand and on the other hand a comparison is established with the varieties of colonial French. The corpus is compound of two kinds of texts: the texts showing the early stage of the Creole languages and the documents showing the language state of Colonial French. The Creole documents extend from a period that starts from 1671 to 1850, 1804 and 1867 respectively for Guadeloupe / Martinique, Haiti and Louisiana. The TMA system, negation, serial verbs, the copula and the expression of passivity are studied. The choice of the topics was based on the great interest observed towards them in specialized literature
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Barrieras, i. Angàs Mònica. "Aproximació a la llengua saamaka: un assaig de descripció." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96155.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi és una aproximació a la descripció de la llengua saamaka, un crioll de base anglesa i portuguesa parlat al Surinam i a la Guaiana Francesa. La perspectiva principal de l’estudi és sincrònica, tot i que es té en compte també la dimensió diacrònica de la llengua, especialment per mirar de comprendre l’origen i el desenvolupament d’aspectes determinats. La metodologia emprada ha estat l’elicitació, l’anàlisi de textos enregistrats i la immersió. La recerca es basa fonamentalment en les meves pròpies dades, obtingudes en el treball de camp que he dut a terme a la Guaiana Francesa, acollida pel Laboratoire des Sciences Sociales de l’Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), i al Surinam. Per a l’elaboració de la tesi vaig fer cinc estades breus, que es van desenvolupar en tres àmbits: Cayenne (capital de la Guaiana Francesa), un poble saamaka de l’oest guaianès i el territori saamaka tradicional a l’interior del Surinam. Evidentment, es prenen en consideració els estudis previs sobre la llengua saamaka i sobre les altres llengües pertanyents al mateix grup de criolls surinamesos, així com la bibliografia general dedicada a la discussió teòrica sobre l’origen i el desenvolupament de les llengües criolles. Aquesta tesi doctoral no parteix d’una pregunta que calgui respondre o d’una hipòtesi que calgui validar, sinó que es tracta d’una descripció d’alguns aspectes d’una llengua. Tampoc no s’inclou estrictament en cap dels corrents actuals de la criollística sinó que cerca respostes ad hoc. La tesi està estructurada en set capítols i dos apèndixs. El capítol I és una introducció sobre els pídgins i els criolls, i sobre la disciplina acadèmica que es dedica a l’estudi d’aquestes llengües. Em va semblar convenient incloure aquest capítol atesa la manca de tradició acadèmica d’aquest àmbit al nostre país, que es pot explicar en part per la inexistència de criolls de base catalana i l’escassedat de criolls de base espanyola. El capítol II se centra ja en els criolls del Surinam i la Guaiana Francesa, i més concretament en el saamaka dins aquest grup de criolls; inclou informació sobre les hipòtesis al voltant de la gènesi del saamaka i també una aproximació sociolingüística a la comunitat saamaka en el moment actual. El capítol III se centra en la composició del lèxic, un aspecte especialment interessant, ja que es tracta d’un crioll amb dues llengües lexificadores, l’anglès i el portuguès; hi he inclòs els resultats d’un recompte propi de vocabulari bàsic (la llista i l’anàlisi es troben en apèndix). El capítol IV inclou l’anàlisi de la fonologia segmental i suprasegmental. El capítol V està dedicat a la morfologia de la llengua; s’hi descriuen les classes de mots en saamaka, així com alguns processos morfològics de creació lèxica a partir de la derivació i també de la reduplicació. El capítol VI se centra en un aspecte sintàctic que m’ha semblat especialment rellevant, com és la predicació no verbal. Finalment hi ha el capítol VII, a mode de cloenda. A l’apèndix I s’hi detallen algunes informacions sobre els contextos i les circumstàncies del treball de camp, a la Guaiana Francesa i al Surinam; l’apèndix II conté la llista de vocabulari bàsic de cent mots i el recompte segons llengua d’origen presentat al capítol III.The dissertation is an approach to the description of Saamaka (Saramaka, Saramaccan) language, an English and Portuguese-based creole spoken in Suriname and French Guiana. The main perspective of the study is synchronic, but it also takes into account the diachronic dimension of the language to try to understand the origin and development of certain aspects (of creoles languages). The methodology used to collect data included data elicitation, recorded text analysis and immersion. The research is based on my own data, obtained from the fieldwork I conducted in Suriname and French Guiana, hosted by the Laboratoire des Sciences Sociales de l’Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). While working on the thesis, I made five brief trips to the region: Cayenne (capital of French Guayana), a Saamaka village in the West of Guiana and to the traditional territory in the interior of Suriname. I have taken into account the previous studies on Saamaka language and other languages included in the same group of Surinamese creoles, and also the literature devoted to general theoretical discussion on the origin and development of creole languages. This dissertation is not based on a question to be answered or a hypothesis to be validated, but rather is a description of some aspects of a language. It does not adhere to any of the current trends in creolistic studies; every question could have a different ad hoc explanation. The study is divided into seven chapters and has two appendices.
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Tavares, Moreira Ana Karina. "Documentation et description grammaticale et lexicale du créole afro-portugais de l'île de Fogo (République du Cap-Vert, Afrique de l'Ouest)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0028.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est la première description générale du créole capverdien de l'île de Fogo (Afrique de l’Ouest), parlé par la quasi-totalité des 40 000 habitants de cette île ainsi que par de nombreuses personnes qui en sont originaires. Ce travail détaille la structure linguistique de cette variété à partir de données recueillies lors d’enquêtes de terrain effectuées entre 2016 et 2019. Cette thèse se compose de neuf chapitres : (1) introduction, (2) phonologie, (3), structure syllabique, (4) accent tonique, (5) morphologie nominale, (6) morphologie verbale, (7) syntaxe, (8) particularités lexicales et (9) conclusion. Ce travail apporte de nouveaux éléments pour l'analyse synchronique et diachronique du créole capverdien. Elle fournit aussi des données comparatives et partant des pistes pour la reconstruction de la famille linguistique des Créole Portugais de L'Afrique de l'Ouest (CPAO), dont le capverdien fait partie. Ces données démontrent notamment que la variété de Fogo s'est distinguée précocement des autres CPAO et présente des caractéristiques uniques au sein de cet ensemble.Cette étude apporte également des données historiques sur la découverte, le peuplement, les échanges commerciaux et maritimes, la structure sociale et les caractéristiques sociolinguistiques de l'île de Fogo, et montre comment ces caractéristiques et ces contraintes ont façonné le paysage linguistique de la dite îleThis thesis is the first book-length description of the Portuguese Creole spoken on the island of Fogo (Cape Verde, West-Africa), spoken by most of the 40,000 island’s inhabitants as well as by its diaspora. This work provides an insight on the linguistic structure of this variety, based on data collected during fieldwork occurred between 2016 and 2019. This study comprises with nine chapters, namely (1) introduction, (2) phonology, (3) syllabic structure, (4), stress, (5) nominal morphology, (6) verbal morphology, (7) syntax, (8) lexical peculiarities and (9) conclusion.This thesis brings new elements both to the synchronic and diachronic analysis of Cape Verdean Creole. At the same time, it contributes with comparative data for the reconstruction of the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole (UGPC) language family. These data show in particular that Fogo Cape Verdean emerged quite early as a distinct variety among UGPCs and illustrate the main characteristics of this variety.This thesis also provides historical data on the discovery, settlement, trade connections, maritime interactions, social structure and sociolinguistics of the island of Fogo, and shows the role played by these elements in the development and shaping of Fogo’s unique linguistic makeup
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Klammer, Ivana R. "Reinventing the Colonial Fantasy in the Post-WWII era: Jovita Epp's Amado Mio." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2285.
Full textAbstract:
Austrian playwright Jovita Epp's German language novel Amado mío, which takes place in post-WWII Argentina, is a modern adaptation of the traditional colonial novel. As such, the romances between the female main character, an Argentine of German descent, and her two love interests, an Argentine of Spanish descent (Criollo), and an Austrian Argentine, reflect the hopes and fears of persons and/or cultures caught up in the imperialist dreams of their nation. In the wake of WWII, Argentina becomes a space in which European(-descended) settlers can look back at Europe's "barbarism," questioning the imperialist worldviews that brought Europe to the brink of destruction. At the same time, these colonists search for European values that are salvageable from the cultural wreckage in Europe and employable in reconstructing a new identity in Argentina.
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Akpossan, Johanne. "La consonne /R/ comme indice de la variation lectale : cas du français en contact avec le créole guadeloupéen." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030010/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de définir l’apport de la phonétique expérimentale dans l’identification d’une variété lectale, en prenant pour exemple les langues parlées en Guadeloupe. En Guadeloupe, deux langues cohabitent : le français et le créole. Mais, dans les faits, il y a une diversité de variétés de français d’une part, et de créole d’autre part. Chacune de ces variétés va de l’acrolecte au basilecte en passant par le mésolecte : il y a donc un continuum français et un continuum créole. La situation sociolinguistique de la Guadeloupe peut être ainsi représentée par un double continuum.Ces différentes variétés de français peuvent-elles se distinguer par des caractéristiques (1) acoustiques, (2) phonétiques, (3) phonologiques et (4) perceptives de la consonne /R/? La durée du contact avec le créole, a t-elle une influence sur la variété de français parlée par un locuteur ?Nos résultats montrent que plus la variété de français est basilectale, (1) plus la diffusion de l’énergie spectrale du /R/ est faible avec un taux de bruit réduit et une hauteur moyenne des fréquences basse ; (2) plus la variante fricatisée du /R/ est rare et plus la variante approximante est fréquente ; (3) plus le taux d’élision du /R/ en coda de syllabe augmente ainsi que le taux de réalisation de /R/ en tant que [w] en contexte labial; (4) plus la variété est perçue comme ayant un faible degré d’accent français. Généralement, plus la durée du contact entre le français et le créole est longue, plus cette variété est basilectale.Si les caractéristiques de la consonne /R/ permettent de discriminer la variété acrolectale de la variété basilectale (variétés extrêmes), il apparait plus difficile d’établir une liste d’indices (ou « lectomètres ») qui permettraient d’identifier les variétés se trouvant dans la zone intermédiaire : le mésolecte est doté d’une certaine imprévisibilitéThe goal of this thesis is to determine the contribution of experimental phonetics in the identification of a lectal variety, in taking for example languages spoken in Guadeloupe. In Guadeloupe, two languages coexist : French and Creole. But in fact, there is a diversity of varieties of French on the one hand, and of Creole on the other hand. Each of these varieties goes from acrolect to basilect through mesolect : so there are a French continuum and a Creole continuum. Thus, the sociolinguistic situation of Guadeloupe can be represented by a double continuum.These different varieties of French can they be distinguished by (1) acoustic, (2) phonetic, (3) phonological (4) and perceptual characteristics of /R/ consonant? Does the contact duration with Creole have an influence on the variety of French spoken by a speaker?Our results show that the more basilectal the variety of French is, (1) the lower spectral diffusion of /R/ energy is, with a reduced rate noise and a low frequency mean; (2) the more infrequent /R/ constrictive variants are and the more common /R/ approximant variants are ; (3) the greater rates of /R/ elision in coda of syllable and /R/ realization as [w] in labial context increase ;(4) and the more the variety is perceived as having a low degree of French accent. Usually, the longer duration of the contact between French and Creole is, the more basilectal the variety of French is.If characteristics of /R/ consonant can distinguish acrolect and basilect (extreme varieties), it’s not so easy to establish a list of indications (or « lectomètres ») in order to identify varieties in the intermediate zone: mesolect has a certain unpredictability
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Robertson, David Douglas. "Kamloops Chinuk Wawa, Chinuk pipa, and the vitality of pidgins." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3840.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents the first full grammatical description of unprompted (spontaneous) speech in pidgin Chinook Jargon [synonyms Chinúk Wawa, Chinook]. The data come from a dialect I term ‘Kamloops Chinúk Wawa’, used in southern interior British Columbia circa 1900. I also present the first historical study and structural analysis of the shorthand-based ‘Chinuk pipa’ alphabet in which Kamloops Chinúk Wawa was written, primarily by Salish people. This study is made possible by the discovery of several hundred such texts, which I have transliterated and analyzed. The
Basic Linguistic Theory-inspired (cf. Dixon 2010a,b) framework used here interprets Kamloops Chinúk Wawa as surprisingly ramified in morphological and syntactic structure, a finding in line with recent studies reexamining the status of pidgins by Bakker (e.g. 2003a,b, forthcoming) among others. Among the major findings: an unusually successful pidgin literacy including a widely circulated newspaper Kamloops Wawa, and language planning by the missionary J.M.R. Le Jeune, O.M.I. He planned both for the use of Kamloops Chinúk Wawa and this alphabet, and for their replacement by English. Additional sociolinguistic factors determining how Chinuk pipa
was written included Salish preferences for learning to write by whole-word units (rather than letter by letter), and toward informal intra-community teaching of this first group literacy. In addition to compounding and conversion of lexical roots, Kamloops Chinúk Wawa morphology exploited three types of preposed grammatical morphemes—affixes, clitics, and particles. Virtually all are homonymous with and grammaticalized from demonstrably lexical morphs. Newly identified categories include ‘out-of-control’ transitivity marking and discourse markers including ‘admirative’ and ‘inferred’. Contrary to previous claims about Chinook Jargon (cf. Vrzic 1999), no overt passive
voice exists in Kamloops Chinúk Wawa (nor probably in pan-Chinook Jargon), but a previously unknown ‘passivization strategy’ of implied agent demotion is brought to light. A realis-irrealis modality distinction is reflected at several scopal levels: phrase, clause and sentence. Functional differences are observed between irrealis clauses before and after main clauses. Polar questions are restricted to subordinate clauses, while alternative questions are formed by simple juxtaposition of irrealis clauses. Main-clause interrogatives are limited to content-question forms, optionally with irrealis marking. Positive imperatives are normally signaled by a mood particle on a realis clause, negative ones by a negative particle. Aspect is marked in a three-part ingressive-imperfective-completive system, with a marginal fourth ‘conative’. One negative operator has characteristically clausal, and another phrasal, scope. One copula is newly attested. Degree marking is largely confined to ‘predicative’ adjectives (copula complements). Several novel features of pronoun usage possibly reflect Salish L1 grammatical habits: a consistent animacy distinction occurs in third-person pronouns, where pan-Chinook Jargon 'iaka' (animate singular) and 'klaska' (animate plural) contrast with a null inanimate object/patient; this null and 'iaka' are non-specified for number; in intransitives,
double exponence (repetition) of pronominal subjects is common; and pan-Chinook Jargon 'klaksta' (originally ‘who?’) and 'klaska' (originally ‘they’) vary freely with each other. Certain etymologically content-question forms are used also as determiners. Kamloops Chinúk Wawa’s numeral system is unusually regular and small for a pidgin; numerals are also used ordinally in a distinctly Chinook Jargon type of personal name. There is a null allomorph of the preposition 'kopa'. This preposition has additionally a realis complementizer function (with nominalized predicates) distinct from irrealis 'pus' (with verbal ones). Conjunction 'pi' also has a function in a syntactic focus-increasing and -reducing system.Graduate
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Kinney, Ashlynn Leigh MacNeilage Peter F. "Serial organization of speech sounds in Creole languages." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1786/kinneya60480.pdf.
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Kinney, Ashlynn Leigh. "Serial organization of speech sounds in Creole languages." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1786.
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Love, Susan. "French and Tây Bồi in Vietnam : a study of language policy, practice and perceptions." 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml897.pdf.
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Fraser, Nancy. "Talking across languages in Guyanese schools : a discourse analysis /." 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99308.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Education.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-106). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL:http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99308
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Swolkien, Dominika. "The Cape Verdean Creole of São Vicente: its genesis and structure." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/27018.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de doutoramento em Língua Portuguesa, no ramo de Investigação e Ensino, apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de CoimbraAlthough the Santiago variety of Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) has been the subject of numerous linguistic works, the second major variety of the language, i.e. the São Vicente variety of CVC (CVSV), has hardly been described. Nevertheless this lack of studies and given its striking differences, on all linguistic levels, from the variety of Santiago (CVST), the implicit explanation for such divergences, echoed for decades in the literature on CVC, has been the presumably decreolized character of CVSV. First, this study provides a comprehensive fieldwork-based synchronic description of CVSV major morpho-syntactic categories in the intent to document the variety. Second, it aims to place the study of CVSV within a broader scope of contact linguistics in the quest to explain its structure. Based on analyses of historical documents and studies, it reconstructs the sociohistorical scenario of the emergence and development of CVSV in the period of 1797- 1975. From the comparison of the current structures of CVSV and CVST, the examination of linguistic data in historical texts and the analysis of sociohistorical facts it becomes clear that the contemporary structure of CVSV stems from the contact-induced changes that occurred during the intensive language and dialect contact on the island of São Vicente in the early days of its settlement in the late 18th and ensuing early 19th century development, rather than from modern day pressure of Portuguese. Although this dissertation argues for multiple explanations rather than a single theory, by showing that processes such as languages shift among the first Portuguese settlers, L2 acquisition, migration of the Barlavento speakers and subsequent dialect leveling as well as language borrowing at a later stage were at stake, it demonstrates the usefulness of partial-restructuring model proposed by Holm (2004).
FCT - SFRH/BD/8129/2002
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Lopez, Qiuana La'teese. "Serial verb constructions : an argument for substrate influence." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19157.
Full textAbstract:
The debate of the genesis of creole languages has been ongoing for many years. Although there are many theories that have been proposed, there are two that are the most polarized and have received the most amount of attention. These include universal theories and substrate theories. The central goal of the present paper is to investigate the role that serial verb construction (SVCs) can play in providing evidence for substrate influence in creoles. It does this by looking at the use of SVCs or lack thereof in the following creoles: Louisiana Creole, Haitian Creole, Papiamento, and Palenquero. I provide evidence that demonstrates that the presence of SVCs in a creole depends on whether they can also be found in their substrate language. By doing this, I successfully prove that substrate influence plays a bigger role than suggested by universalist.text
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Eisenlohr, Patrick. "Language ideology and imaginations of Indianness in Mauritius /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3006490.
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Dietze, Markus. "Die Lukasevangelien auf Caló. Die Ursachen ihrer Sprachinterferenz und der Anteil des Spanischen." Master's thesis, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28299.
Full textAbstract:
Die Arbeit behandelt die beiden Übersetzungsversionen des Lukasevangeliums ins Caló, die George Borrow 1837 und 1872 anfertigte. Sie hat mehrere Zielstellungen. Der erste Teil geht der Frage nach: Wie kam es zu den beiden Schriften? Er legt dar, welche Einflussfaktoren das authentische Caló im Spanien der 1830er Jahre herausgeprägt haben konnten und welche Einflüsse durch den Übersetzer George Borrow auf die Übersetzungen wirkten. Als extralinguistische Faktoren wird dafür die (Kultur-)Geschichte der Gitanos herangezogen, werden Borrows Biographie sowie seine Sprachkenntnisse untersucht und werden die Aufsätze namhafter Autoren über die Entstehung des Calós diskutiert und gegeneinander abgewogen. So entsteht zum ersten Mal eine komplexe Zusammenfassung der Vorgeschichte des Calós der Evangelien. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit ist einerseits eine Anleitung, die das Caló anhand von Textbeispielen für Hispanisten lesbar macht, und prüft andererseits, ob und wie die Aussage zutrifft, dass Borrows Purifizierungsbestrebungen in der zweiten Übersetzungsversion ein Caló schufen, das einen wesentlich geringeren Anteil an spanischer Sprache hat als in der ersten Version. Die Frage nach der Purifizierung erscheint vor dem Hintergrund der damaligen verklärenden Zigeunermode, der Afición, in Spanien sowie angesichts des Polyglotten Borrow bedeutsam. Um ihr nachzugehen, werden die ersten siebeneinhalb Kapitel beider Übersetzungen mit Hilfe von Textanalyseprogrammen wortartenspezifisch untersucht. Das Ergebnis bestätigt die Annahme bei zehn von sechzehn Wortarten und zeigt auf, dass besonders bei den Autosemantika Purifizierungsversuche unternommen wurden. Wahrscheinlich war aber schon die erste Übersetzungsversion purifiziert.
Die Arbeit liefert einen ersten detaillierten linguistischen Vergleich eines Teiles der beiden Versionen und stellt das Caló der Evangelien in einem sehr umfassenden Kontext vor, wodurch sich eine Vernetzung linguistischer, kulturwissenschaftlicher und literaturwissenschaftlich interessanter Aspekte ergibt.:o. Vorwort & Danksagung
i. Einleitung
i.i. Begriffsbestimmung
i.ii. Zielsetzung der Arbeit
Teil I: Die Ursachen der Sprachinterferenz in den Lukasevangelien
I.1. Die Geschichte der Gitanos bis ins 19. Jahrhundert
I.1.1. Die prähispanische Phase
I.1.2. Die erste Phase von 1425 bis 1499
I.1.3. Die zweite Phase von 1499 bis 1783
I.1.4. Die dritte Phase im 19. Jahrhundert
I.2. Die Genese des Calós bis ins 19. Jahrhundert
I.2.1. Denkmäler des Calós vor den Evangelien
I.2.2. Die Debatte um die Genese des Calós
I.2.2.1. Caló versus Pidgin-/ Kreolsprachen: Boretzky (1985) und Romero Yantorno
I.2.2.2. Code-Switching, Pogadisierung, Geheimsprachen und Language Intertwining: Bakker & van der Voort (1991)
I.2.2.3. Archaismen, kryptische Formationen, andalusische Merkmale und unabhängige Lexikentwicklung: Bakker (1995)
I.2.2.4. Das katalonische Romaní als Indiz für die zeitliche Einordnung: Boretzky (1992)
I.2.2.5. Das Caló als Alltagssprache und im Vergleich mit anderen Romaní-Dialekten: Boretzky (1998)
I.2.2.6. Von der Alltagssprache zum geheimsprachlichen Vokabular: Bakker (1998)
I.2.2.7. Zusammenfassung der Debatte
I.3. George Henry Borrow
I.3.1. Kurzbiographie
I.3.2. Borrows Romaní-, Spanisch- und Caló-Kenntnisse
Teil II: Der Anteil des Spanischen in den Lukasevangelien
II.1. Texterschließung für Hispanisten
II.1.1. Wörterbücher
II.1.2. Grammatik
II.1.2.1. Caló-Deklinationssuffixe
II.1.2.2. Caló-Hilfsverben
II.1.3. Textausschnitte
II.1.3.1. Textausschnitt 1: Titelseiten und Vorworte Borrows
II.1.3.2. Textausschnitt 2: Lukas 15, 1 - 4 .
II.2. Wortartenspezifische Analyse des Anteils des Spanischen
II.2.1. Vorgehen
II.2.2. Auswertung
II.3. Schluss
Anhänge
Anhang 1: Vergleich des Anteils des Spanischen an den Lukasevangelien 1 - 8,25 auf Caló von 1837 und 1872 in wortartenspezifischen, systematisierten und
kommentierten Wortfrequenzlisten
A.1. Flektierbare Wortarten
A.1.1. Die Artikel
A.1.2. Die Substantive
A.1.3. Die Eigennamen
A.1.4. Die Pronomina
A.1.4.1. Die Personal- und Reflexivpronomina
A.1.4.2. Die Demonstrativpronomina
A.1.4.3. Die Possesivpronomina
A.1.4.4. Die Relativpronomina
A.1.4.5. Die Indefinitpronomina
A.1.5. Die Adjektiva
A.1.6. Die Verba
A.1.7. Die Numeralia
A.2. Unflektierbare Wortarten
A.2.1. Die Adverbien
A.2.2. Die Präpositionen
A.2.3. Die Interrogativa
A.2.4. Die Konjunktionen
A.2.5. Die Interjektionen
Anhang 2: Paralleltexte: Die Lukasevangelien 1 - 8,25 auf Caló von 1837 und von 1872 und das spanische Lukasevangelium 1 - 8,25 übersetzt von Scío
Abbildungsverzeichnis
Quellenverzeichnis
Tabellenverzeichnis
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Aristide, Jean-Bertrand. "Umoya wamagama (The spirit of the word)." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1340.
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This thesis entitled Umoya Wamagama endeavors to establish the nature of the relationship between IsiZulu and Haitian Kreyòl. As a member of the Nguni group, IsiZulu is spoken by Africans. On the other side, Kreyòl is spoken by African descendants of Haiti, the world's first Black independent Republic.
Viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective, these two languages exhibit a significant relationship, hence this important observation: IsiZulu- Haitian Krèyol: So Close, Yet So Far! In other words, they are far from a linguistic point of view but close from a psycho-theological perspective.
* So Far: Comparative linguistics shows that Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin.
* So Close: Born in Haiti during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, Kreyòl keeps alive the spirit of the African ancestors and still contains linguistic roots of ancestral languages.
Vital and vibrant is this historical relatedness linking the two languages. While Haitian Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin, it shares with IsiZulu an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms deeply rooted in Ubuntu.
Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. These words crystallize the essence of Ubuntu. Its psychological and theological study transcends the literal language. In that regard Umoya Wamagama refers to both literal and figurative linguistic expressions. The
emphasis however is more on the words which connote additional layers of meaning rather than those which simply denote their meanings.
The method used in this thesis is comparative, descriptive, investigative, analytic and exegetic when necessary.
Providing evidence of linguistic relationships, the comparative and analytic approach then embraces the semantic field of IsiZulu-Kreyòl as a significant psycholexicology where explanations puts an emphasis on the meaning and the spirit of the words. Siye ngomoya wamagama. Hence, the core question of addressing the psychological and theological dimensions of this research which is based on a multidisciplinary approach.
After 500 years, in the wake of European colonial expansion, the Spirit of the African slaves is still alive in the psyche and the language of the Haitian people. As we said above:
Yize isiKreyòl saseHaiti sifuze nesiFulentshi nesiLatini, sabelana nesiZulu ngokwemisuka nangokwezimiso zezinkolelo okunezimpande ezijulile emfundisweni yobuntu.
IsiZulu and Kreyòl are related through an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms rooted in Ubuntu.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Blasi, Damian. "Linguistic diversity through data." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21161.
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