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Journal articles on the topic 'Pidgin English'
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1
Siegel, Jeff. "Pidgin English in Nauru." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 5, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.5.2.02sie.
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This article reports on a preliminary study of an English-lexifier Pidgin spoken on the tiny Pacific island of Nauru. This pidgin has distinctive features of both Chinese Pidgin English and Pacific Pidgin English, as well as many unique characteristics. Socio-historical information shows that these two forms of Pidgin English have come into contact in Nauru and the data suggests that pidgin mixing, a form of koineization, has occurred. The linguistic consequences of such a mixture are similar to those of the mixing of other linguistic subsystems such as regional dialects. The data also supports observations about the problems of genetic classification and the significance of mixing in tracing the development of pidgins in the Pacific and other areas.
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Hosali, Priya, and Jean Aitchison. "Butler English." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.1.1.05hos.
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Butler English is the conventional name for a reduced and simplified variety of Indian English which has been characterized as a "minimal pidgin." This paper analyzes in detail the speech of 7 speakers (aged between 17 and 65) with a view to finding out, first, the salient features of this variety of English, second, the relationship between 19th and 20th century Butler English, and third, the source of the shared features. The texts revealed a dynamic mix of universal features of pidginization, folk beliefs about English, and incipient independent constructions. This mix indicates that Butler English is neither a "minimal pidgin" nor mere "broken language." It sheds interesting light on the origins of pidgins, but shows that attempts to "pidgin-hole" pidgin-like systems are doomed to failure.
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Bakker, Peter. "A Basque Nautical Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.1.02bak.
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The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there are also some words from other languages, of which English is the most prominent. It is suggested that the knowledge of an English Nautical Pidgin played a role in the formation of this pidgin. Third, in the current debate on the origin of fu and similar markers as complementizers, many claims have been made. In this Basque Pidgin, twelve of the fifteen sentences contain the lexical item for in diverse functions. The use of for in the pidgin is compared with similar lexical items in four other pidgins. It is argued that there was some transmission of the use of for in these pidgins to the for in creoles.
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AVRAM, Andrei A. "“Two Sides of the Same Coin”: Yokohama Pidgin Japanese and Japanese Pidgin English." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.1.57-76.
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The paper is a comparative overview of the phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon of Yokohama Pidgin Japanese and Japanese Pidgin English, formerly spoken in Japan. Both varieties are shown to exhibit features typical of pre-pidgins, while they differ considerably in the circumstances of their emergence and the context of use.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 306–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.04sie.
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More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, Jong Ah Siug. The article presents some background information about Chinese immigrants in the region where Jong worked (Victoria), and evidence that some CPE was spoken there. It goes on to describe Jong’s notebook and the circumstances that led to him writing it. The main part of the article examines the linguistic features of CPE and other pidgins that are present in the notebook, and discusses other lexical and morphosyntactic features of the text. Some features are typical only of CPE, such as the use of my as the first person pronoun. On the other hand, some features are more characteristic of Australian or Pacific pidgins — for example, the use of belong in possessive constructions. Still other features have not been recorded for any pidgin, such as the use of been as a locative copula. The analysis shows that Jong’s text contains a mixture of features from CPE and other pidgins, as well as features of interlanguage, including some resulting from functional transfer from Jong’s first language, Cantonese.
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Mowarin, Macaulay. "Bilingual Verbs in Nigerian Pidgin—English Code Mixing." Studies in English Language Teaching 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v2n1p14.
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<p><em>This paper discusses bilingual verbs, which are intermediate forms that cannot be fully identified with neither Nigerian pidgin nor English, in Nigerian pidgin- English code mixed utterances. The process involved in the derivation of bilingual or hybrid verbs is analogous to hybrid forms in biology. The conceptual framework of this study is Myers-Scotton (1993, 2002). Matrix language frame and the types of hybrid verbs discussed in this study include, the insertion of bare verbs from English to Nigerian pidgin; the adjoinment of auxiliary /helping verbs, as well as the negative particle, in Nigerian pidgin to inserted main verbs from English which is the embedded language. Lastly, is the presence of hybrid verbs in Nigerian pidgin’s serial verb constructions. The essay concludes that bilingual/hybrid verbs constitute an integral part of the grammatical approach to code switching.</em><em></em></p>
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Huber, Magnus. "Ghanaian Pidgin English." English World-Wide 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 215–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.16.2.04hub.
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Roberts, Julian M. "Pidgin Hawaiian." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.02rob.
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Evidence recently unearthed in documentary sources (such as voyage accounts and Hawaiian-language newspapers) has failed to support the theory that the predominant plantation language and lingua franca of Hawaii's polyglot population in the 19th century was an English-lexifier pidgin. Available evidence actually indicates that a pidginized variety of Hawaiian (which began to develop almost immediately after first contact) formed the original plantation language, and began to be displaced by pidgin English only in the 1880s and 1890s. This Hawaiian-lexifier pidgin also served as a general communicative medium in competition with pidgin English outside the plantation communities. Its prevalence may explain the slow development of pidgin English in Hawaii and late creolization.
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Romaine, Suzanne. "Orthographic practices in the standardization of pidgins and creoles: Pidgin in Hawai'i as anti-language and anti-standard." Creole Language in Creole Literatures 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 101–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.20.1.07rom.
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This article examines the role of orthography in the standardization of pidgins and creoles with particular reference to Pidgin in Hawai'i. Although linguists have generally stressed the desirability of phonemic over non-phonemic or etymological orthographies as a prerequisite for creatingAbstand‘distance’ and revalorizing pidgins and creoles as autonomous systems vis-à-vis their lexifiers, most writers in Hawai'i and elsewhere have been reluctant to use phonemic writing systems even where they exist. This is true even ofDa Jesus Book(2000), which has aimed at setting a standard for written Pidgin. Special attention is paid to the orthographic practices used in this translation of theNew Testamentcompared to those made by other writers, some of whom have explicitly disavowed standardization. These choices present a rich site for investigating competing discourses about Pidgin. Creole orthographies reflecting differing degrees and kinds of distance from those of their lexifiers are powerful expressive resources indexing multiple social meanings and identities. The orthographic practices of some Pidgin writers encode attitudinal stances that are oppositional to standard English and the ideology of standardization. Pidgin is being consciously elaborated as an anti-language, one of whose social meanings is that of Pidgin as an anti-standard. This brings to the fore varied ideological dimensions of a complex debate that has often been oversimplified by posing questions concerning orthographies for pidgins and creoles in terms of a choice between a phonemic vs. a non-phonemic orthography.
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Li, Juan. "Pidgin and Code-Switching: Linguistic Identity and Multicultural Consciousness in Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004041974.
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A recurring theme in Maxine Hong Kingston’s works is the search for a linguistic identity of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans, and this theme receives the fullest treatment in her fourth book, Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1987). In representing the social, cultural and linguistic reality for the Chinese American community living in the multicultural United States, Kingston’s fundamental strategy is to use pidgin expressions and code-switching in the characters’ speech to present a truthful picture of languages used in the Chinese American community. A close analysis of the patterns and functions of pidgins in Tripmaster Monkey reveals that while Kingston records actual linguistic features of Chinese Immigrants’ Pidgin English (CIPE) in dialogue to preserve the linguistic individuality and identity of the Chinese American community, she draws on stereotypical features of the past Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) to combat negative stereotypes of Chinese Americans’ languages. Furthermore, Kingston uses code-switching in the characters’ speech to reinscribe her multicultural consciousness into her writing. This article examines the thematic significance of pidgin expressions and code-switched utterances in the characters’ speech in Tripmaster Monkey.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Literacy in Melanesian and Australian Pidgins and Creoles." English World-Wide 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.1.07sie.
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Recent descriptions of literacy in the English-lexified pidgins and Creoles of Melanesia and Australia have described it as being imposed by outsiders, irrelevant to speakers of these languages and unsuitable for use in formal education. This article presents an opposing point of view. First it outlines recent developments in the region, showing that while literacy may have been introduced from the outside, it has been embraced by many pidgin and creole speakers and used for their own purposes, including education. Second, it describes research findings refuting claims that using a pidgin or creole as a language of education will cause confusion among students and interfere with their acquisition of English.
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Ekiye, Ekiyokere. "Suggesting Creoles as the Media of Instruction in Formal Education." East African Journal of Education Studies 2, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.2.1.167.
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Creole and Pidgin languages are spoken by not less than 50 million people around the globe, but literacy is usually acquired in other languages, especially those languages introduced by the former colonial powers. This paper suggests that Pidgin and Creole languages should be elaborated for use as the media of instruction in formal education, particularly in contexts where up to 85 per cent of the population speak them. Pidgins and creoles researchers have labelled pidgin and creole languages as “developing” and they highlight their capacity to perform the same functions as their developed European lexifiers, English and French. The central argument is that pidgin and creole languages have the potential to express complex realities and function officially in formal education despite the negative attitudes towards them by their speakers. The attitudes towards pidgin and creole languages in education, the part of political and linguistic entities in adopting Nigerian Pidgin and Mauritian Kreol as the medium of teaching literacy in their respective countries are the central issues of focus.
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Huber, Magnus, and Manfred Görlach. "West African Pidgin English." English World-Wide 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.17.2.07hub.
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Harris, John W. "Northern Territory Pidgin English." English World-Wide 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.9.1.06har.
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Yule, Valerie. "English Spelling and Pidgin." English Today 4, no. 3 (July 1988): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400003503.
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English has had centuries of ‘traditional orthography’, but novel varieties of English have no orthography at all until it is created for them. How are these spelling systems developed and how close to, or distant from, ‘real’ spelling need they be?
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Ngefac, Aloysius, and Bonaventure M. Sala. "Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English at a confluence." English World-Wide 27, no. 2 (July 6, 2006): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.2.06nge.
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The paper argues that Cameroon Pidgin, a simplified language that displayed a unique peculiarity in the yesteryears, is now giving up most of its phonological peculiarities and embracing those of the variety of English spoken in Cameroon. An analysis of the speech of 150 educated Cameroon Pidgin speakers, randomly selected, shows that such phonological processes as heavy infiltration of sounds from indigenous Cameroonian languages, rampant consonant cluster simplification through vowel epenthesis and other segmental peculiarities which characterized Cameroon Pidgin by 1960, as depicted in Schneider (1960), are by far less perceivable in current Cameroon Pidgin usage. It is demonstrated that the feeling that Pidgin is an inferior language has caused Cameroon Pidgin speakers to opt for the “modernization” of the language using English language canons, instead of preserving the state of the language as it was in the yesteryears. It is therefore predicted that Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English will sooner or later be in a continuum.
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Drager, Katie. "Pidgin and Hawai‘i English: An overview." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 1 (January 1, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.10.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">T<span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">oday, most people from Hawai‘i speak Pidgin, Hawai‘i English, or both. This </span></span>paper presents a brief discussion of the history of both the creole (called Pidgin or Hawaii Creole) and the variety of English spoken in Hawai‘i referred to as Hawai‘i English. The creation of Pidgin and the prevalence of English in Hawai‘i have a complex history closely tied with various sociohistorical events in the islands, and the social hegemony established during the plantation days still persists today. While Pidgin is stigmatized and is deemed inappropriate for use in formal domains, it has important social functions, and the infl uence from diff erent languages is viewed as representative of the ethnic diversity found in the islands. This paper treats Pidgin and Hawaii English as independent from one another while commenting on some of the linguistic forms that are found in both. Lexical items, phonological forms,and syntactic structures of Pidgin and Hawai‘i English are presented alongside a discussion of language attitudes and ideologies. Recent work that attempts to address the negative attitudes toward Pidgin is also discussed.</p>
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Li, Jian. "Tracing the heritage of Pidgin English in mainland China." English Today 33, no. 3 (January 3, 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000638.
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The most widely accepted origin of the word ‘Pidgin’ is that it is a Chinese pronunciation of the English word business (etymonline.com). Pidgin English in mainland China has another popular localised nickname, i.e. yangjingbang 洋泾浜 English, a trade jargon term often used in Shanghai. However, this popular Pidgin English has been played down in linguistic research in mainland China because of the assumption of colonial connotations (Jin, 2011). Although it did not thrive or even survive in mainland China, Pidgin English has influenced to no small degree both contemporary culture and language in Shanghai, as well as other Chinese varieties.
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Chiamaka Unachukwu, Ogechi, Goodluck C. Kadiri, and Amaka Grace Nwuche. "The Influence of the Nigerian Pidgin English on Eha-Amufu Secondary School Students’ Usage of the Standard English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 4 (July 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.4p.1.
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The use of Pidgin English in the Nigerian context has gone beyond verbal communication to become more of a mode of behaviour as its expression has moved from informal conversation to formal situations. The above scenario necessitated this study which investigates Eha-Amufu secondary school students’ usage of the Standard English in view of the use of the Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE). The study sets to find out what informs the usage and the extent the Nigerian Pidgin English has affected the use of the Standard English of these students using the affective filter hypothesis from Stephen Krashen’s 2003 Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory. Using the questionnaire and essay writing as research instruments, data were collected from a sample of 200 students and willing teachers from four selected secondary schools in Eha-Amufu. Findings reveal that the use of the Nigerian Pidgin English is traceable to homes and peer group influence and has grossly affected the students’ Standard English usage. The finding that students do not use Nigerian Pidgin English in their written essays was largely contradicted by the avalanche of the Nigerian Pidgin English expressions found in the written essays of the students which also reveal its adverse effect on the Standard English both in spelling and contextual usage. This research, therefore, concludes that a deliberate and conscious effort at instilling in the minds of Eha-Amufu students the knowledge of the adverse effect of NPE usage on their academic performance and the danger of its persistent use will go a long way in mitigating the adverse effects of Nigerian Pidgin English usage on the Standard English usage among them.
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Ansaldo, Umberto, Stephen Matthews, and Geoff Smith. "China Coast Pidgin." Pidgins and Creoles in Asian Contexts 25, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.1.03ans.
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In this paper we revisit some long-standing questions regarding the origins and structure of China Coast Pidgin (CCP), also known as Chinese Pidgin English. We first review the historical context of the China Trade which formed the ecology for the development of CCP. We then review the available sources, focusing on newly transcribed data from Chinese-language instructional materials. These sources provide fresh evidence for grammatical structure in CCP, and demonstrate strong influence from Cantonese as the major substrate language. Comparison with English-language sources shows systematic contrasts which point to likely variation between Anglophone and Sinophone lects, as in the case of wh-questions which show regular wh-fronting in English sources and pervasive use of wh-in-situ in Chinese sources. This conclusion helps to resolve the debate over the Sinitic features of CCP.
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MIRON, Ioana. "Reconstructing Chinese Pidgin English phonology on the basis of written sources." Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brașov, Series IV: Philology. Cultural Studies 13 (62), Special Issue (December 15, 2020): 87–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.pcs.2020.62.13.3.7.
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"This paper is an attempt at outlining the phonology of Chinese Pidgin English, including its syllable structure, with an emphasis on the onset and the coda. Since Chinese Pidgin English is an extinct variety, the only available sources are written records such as magazine articles (e.g. in The Chinese Repository), literary works, travelogues, and letters. Reconstructing the phonology of Chinese Pidgin English on the basis of the orthography used in these sources raises the issues of the reliability of the sources and of the methodological implications. These are addressed in light of the caveats formulated by Mühlhäusler (1997), Baker and Winer (1999), Avram (2000), among others. In line with the principle of sociolinguistic accountability, all tokens in the samples of Chinese Pidgin English are included in the analysis as well as all the contexts where they might have appeared. In addition, a comparison will be made with other contemporary records of Chinese Pidgin English, with the phonology of Hong Kong English (Setter et al. 2010) and with the L2 phonology of Chinese learners of English. Such a comparison is certainly not the perfect equivalent of Rickford’s (1986) “feedback from current usage”, given that Chinese Pidgin English is no longer spoken. However, this approach is warranted by the so-called “uniformitarian principle” (Labov 1972), which posits that current patterns are similar to those that operated in the past."
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Voloshina, Tatyana Gennadievna. "PIDGIN ENGLISH FUNCTIONING IN NIGERIA." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 11, no. 4 (August 15, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2019-4-14-26.
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Цель. В статье выявляются особенности функционирования пиджина английского языка, распространенного на территории Нигерии. Автор анализирует ключевые исторические факторы, оказавшие влияние на процесс формирования и развития Нигерийского пиджина. Согласно исследованию, исторически сложившаяся этническая, культурная близость с соседними народами, схожесть экономических и социальных систем основных этнических групп, Хауса, Йоруба, Игбо, оказали влияние на образование уникальной гибридной языковой системы – Нигерийского пиджина (НП), сочетающего в себе лингвистические особенности и черты европейских языков и фонетику, лексику, грамматику основных языков коренных народов Нигерии.Метод или методология проведения работы. В ходе работы автор использует эмпирические методы, где происходит анализ внешних взаимоотношений одних объектов с другими и выявляются общие и различные свойства, и теоретические методы, при которых происходит процесс обработки информации.Результаты. Результаты работы отражены в теоретических и практических исследованиях автора по изучению исторических, лингвистических и культурных особенностей функционирования НП в Нигерии и выявлению его основных характеристик.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применимы в разделах контактной лингвистике, языковой вариативности, исследованиях, посвященных теоретическим вопросам языков Западной Африки.
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Srivastava, Neelam. "“PIDGIN ENGLISH OR PIGEON INDIAN?”." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 43, no. 1 (April 2007): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449850701219876.
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Charles, Alobwede D'Epie. "Banning Pidgin English in Cameroon?" English Today 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000742.
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Mehrotra, Raja Ram. "Reduplication in Indian Pidgin English." English Today 13, no. 2 (April 1997): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400009639.
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Operstein, Natalie. "Lexical diversity and the issue of the basilect/acrolect distinction in Lingua Franca." Language Ecology 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 202–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.20009.ope.
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Abstract In their typological survey of pidgins, Parkvall and Bakker (2013) observe that pidgin discourse is characterized by an exceptionally low type-token ratio. Taking this observation as its starting point, the present paper examines the type-token ratio in Lingua Franca, a contact language traditionally classified as a pidgin. The study is based on a unique mini-corpus consisting of parallel translations in Lingua Franca and four comparator languages: Italian, Spanish, French and English. The paper shows that the type-token ratio of the Lingua Franca variety reflected in the mini-corpus matches, and in parts surpasses, those of its Romance lexifiers and English. The study expands our knowledge of the basilect/acrolect distinction in Lingua Franca and contributes to the discussion about the role of lexical diversity in the typological categorization of contact languages.
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Kouega, Jean Paul, and Mildred Aseh. "Pidgin in Creative Works in English in Cameroon." Sustainable Multilingualism 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sm-2017-0005.
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Summary This study, which deals with code-switching and language choice in multilingual contexts, describes the use of Pidgin in creative works in English in Cameroon, with the focus on the forms that this language takes in the works, the types of characters who are made to speak this language, and the functions that this language plays in these works. The data comprise three plays and two novels, all published between 2000 and 2006 by experienced writers who have a good command of English and yet make their characters speak in Pidgin. The analysis shows that Pidgin in the corpus takes the form of individual lexemes like salaka (libation, sacrifice) and relatively short utterances like This sun fit kill man (This sun is so hot that it can kill someone.). The characters who speak Pidgin in these literary works are generally low-ranking and rural people, illiterates and other people who are hardly looked up to in the Cameroonian society. Finally, Pidgin helps writers to realise some stylistic effects such as variations on the scale of formality, with English being used when addressing a superior person and Pidgin when addressing an inferior person. Most importantly, creative writers reproduce in their works what is observed in the Cameroonian society and this can be regarded as a formal way of enhancing their readers’ plurilingual competence.
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Buccini, Anthony F. "Dutch, Swedish, and English Elements in the Development of Pidgin Delaware." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 11, no. 1 (1999): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700002468.
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This paper investigates the influence of Dutch, Swedish, and English on the syntax of Pidgin Delaware, a contact language used in the Middle Atlantic region in the seventeenth century. Arguments are presented against Thomason's (1980) view that the pidgin predated European contact; instead, the structures of the pidgin are viewed from the perspective of Dutch speakers attempting to learn the Delaware language. The theoretical framework of Van Coetsem 1988 is used to explain which Algonquian features were successfully acquired by the Dutch and where the Dutch imposed features from their native language in the early, formational stage of the pidgin. In addition, subsequent changes in Pidgin Delaware are attributed to its use by Swedish and English speakers.
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Wengke, Febrianus, I. G. B. Wahyu Nugraha Putra, and I. Made Iwan Indrawan Jendra. "Pidgin english spoken by papua new guinea people in youtube videos." Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/traverse.v3i1.59.
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This research deals with Pidgin English spoken by Papua New Guineans found in YouTube videos. This study aims to identify the types of sentences in Pidgin English used by the people of Papua New Guinea and the differences between Pidgin English from Standard English. This study uses qualitative methods to carry out a clear and organized description of the problems identified. The data is taken from the narratives of Papua New Guineans found in YouTube videos. Applying Muhlhausler's (1978) theory to analyze the types of sentences used by Papua New Guineans found in YouTube videos and theory by Aitchison (1991) to distinguish between Pidgin English and Standard English. This study finds data based on the first study problem about sentence types such as the equative sentence mi citizen bilong la country 'We are the community on this country,' locative sentence yupela from East Sepik Province 'you are from East Sepik Province,' intransitive sentence mipela i simenim i go bek 'I am comment to return, and ' transitive sentence mi wokim ho na long em 'I am help them all.' The data contained in the second problem of research on differences in Pidgin English from Standard English such as the phonology em planti samting 'there are more,' the syntax so mi makim PNG 'so I marked PNG,' the dispela is lexicon of 'this is/is.'
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Rupp, Laura. "The function of Student Pidgin in Ghana." English Today 29, no. 4 (November 21, 2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078413000412.
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The emergence of Student Pidgin in Ghana is estimated to have started fairly recently: between 1965 and the early 1970s (Huber, 1999; Dako, 2002). Male students in high prestige senior secondary schools and universities have been credited with leading in the development of Student Pidgin. The use of Student Pidgin has since been spreading among some girls and is currently found in an increasing number of contexts, including the home. The fact that students use Student Pidgin seems unexpected, considering the fact that they are competent speakers of Standard English.2 In this context, the question to consider is what underlies this behavior? This has been the subject of recurrent debate. Educational authorities typically feel that Student Pidgin reflects the fact that the standard of English in Ghanaian senior secondary schools and universities has fallen. An example of this comes from a speech given by the Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Professor Kwadwo Asenso-Okyere, on 28 October 2002: [He] expressed concern about the standard of English among university students and advised them to desist from speaking Pidgin English, which he said would not help them. Speaking at this year's matriculation of 7,959 freshmen out of the 10,301 admitted into the University, Prof Asenso-Okyere said there was evidence of deterioration in English Language among students in their examinations and theses, which some employers had also complained about.
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Nash, Joshua. "On the Possibility of Pidgin English Toponyms in Pacific Missions." Historiographia Linguistica 42, no. 1 (May 26, 2015): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.1.08nas.
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Summary This paper speculates about the possible existence of Pidgin English toponyms on the Melanesian Mission on Norfolk Island. The argument considers why modern historians and linguists studying the social and linguistic history of the Melanesian Mission missionaries, and why missionaries from earlier periods, who were documenting and studying local Melanesian languages spoken within the Mission’s activities, did not provide possible available information on Pidgin English toponyms. This noted absence of an explicit focus on the toponymic lexicon of Pidgin English and other marginalised languages highlights certain metalinguistic and social priorities held by linguists.
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Kosecki, Krzysztof. "On metonymy-based lexical innovations in Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin: A cognitive linguistic perspective." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0003.
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Abstract As contact languages, pidgins and creoles arise in mixed linguistic environments. Drawing much of their vocabularies from one, frequently European, language and – to a lesser extent – from a number of indigenous languages, they have lexicons that are reduced in comparison with those of their lexifiers. To compensate for the poor lexification, pidgin and creoles create novel polysemy-based extensions of lexical items or develop periphrastic constructions equivalent of the missing lexical roots. Assuming a cognitive linguistic perspective, which emphasizes the role of conceptualization in the construction of meaning and the figurative character of concepts, the paper deals with the lexicons of Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin, two contact languages representative for the Atlantic and the Pacific – the two major areas of linguistic contact. The analysis focuses on the first of the above-mentioned compensation strategies. It is argued that (i) the expressions borrowed from English and various indigenous languages acquire senses that are absent in English; (ii) the new senses are frequently based on metonymy, which serves as a major polysemy-based strategy of lexicon extension; (iii) most of the novel lexical extensions fall within the metonymic patterns that are well-established in English.
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Time, Victoria M., and Daniel K. Pryce. "A Sociological Perspective on Pidgin's Viability and Usefulness for Development in West Africa." Contemporary Journal of African Studies 8, no. 1 & 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/contjas.v8i2.1.
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This essay examines the viability and usefulness of pidgin for development in West Africa. Pidgin in West Africa has endured as a unifying medium of communication among people who do not share a common language. It has been lauded as a neutral language that facilitates trade, commerce, and everyday dealings among people of all walks of life. Some have proposed supplanting English, which is the official language in most of the West African countries where the use of pidgin is prevalent, with either pidgin or some other indigenous language. Contrarians, however, consider pidgin to be a limiting factor, in that, it is a barrier to speaking, reading, and writing standard English, and thus impedes upward mobility. They argue that projecting pidgin or some other indigenous language may create some political backlash, and strife among the people. Using qualitative analysis, we examine this debate from a sociological perspective.
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Jesse, Moba. "Cook stew of pidgin." English Today 17, no. 3 (July 2001): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078401003066.
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This paper discusses pidgin English, and far from calling it a corrupt and decayed form of the English language (as has been the case in many well-meaning literary circles), shows that pidgin has poetic resources capable of expressing a wide range of mentalities, tastes, customs, and even fashion itself. Because of this flexibility, pidgin reveals a high degree of closeness to the original speech patterns, notably in an attempt to preserve syntactical equivalents. Thus, if pidgin is adopted as a lingua franca throughout the sub-Saharan African region, it will enable Africans to take new pride in their artistic traditions and non-Africans to share in the joy and excitement of Africa's art.
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Kouega, Jean-Paul. "Apology Strategies in Cameroon Pidgin English." OALib 05, no. 01 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104308.
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Emike, Acheoah John, Jamilu Mohammed Magaji, and John Baidu. "Nigerian Pidgin English in Nation-Building." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2019.v04i11.006.
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Roberts, Sarah J. "Early Hawaiian Pidgin and "Colloquial English"." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.1.19sar.
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Mehrotra, Raja Ram. "Lexical Polysemy in Indian Pidgin English." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 14, no. 1 (August 6, 1999): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.14.1.08raj.
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Mühlhäusler, Peter. "Pidgin English and the Melanesian Mission." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 17, no. 2 (October 3, 2002): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.17.2.04muh.
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Agheyisi, Rebecca N. "The Standardization of Nigerian Pidgin English." English World-Wide 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.9.2.06agh.
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Mehrotra, Raja Ram. "Indian Pidgin English: myth and reality." English Today 16, no. 3 (July 2000): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400011792.
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Akinlotan, Mayowa. "Noun phrase in Nigerian Pidgin English." Moderna Språk 116, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v116i1.6952.
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Works showing the extent to which structural complexity characterizes syntactic structures in contemporary Nigerian Pidgin English are underrepresented in the main literature. For instance no works have shown the extent to which noun phrase (NP), an important syntactic measure of variability and complexity, exhibits variability and complexity, and the extent to which pattern found converges with /diverges from similar linguistic varieties. The present study provides the basic corpus-driven contemporary nature of simple-complex NP structures in NPE, including how factors such as syntactic function and weight explain context where we might find simple or complex NPs. Our results, though tentative, show that NPs in NPE exhibit considerable complexity, which is against simplification hypothesis exemplified in standard Nigerian English.
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Li, Michelle, and Stephen Matthews. "An outline of Macau Pidgin Portuguese." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 141–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.31.1.06li.
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In the early stages of the China trade European traders knew nothing of Chinese, while the Chinese traders were equally ignorant of European languages. It was in this setting that pidgin languages developed for interethnic communication. While the role of Chinese Pidgin English in the China trade is fairly well-understood (see Baker 1987; Baker & Mühlhäusler 1990; Bolton 2003; Ansaldo 2009), the use of pidgin Portuguese is poorly documented and our understanding of it is correspondingly limited (Tryon, Mühlhäusler & Baker 1996). In this article we discuss what can be learnt from a newly transcribed phrasebook — the Compendium of Assorted Phrases in Macau Pidgin. We first review the use of contact varieties of Portuguese in the China trade. We then introduce the contents and layout of the Compendium and explain the transcription practices adopted for the phrasebook. Grammatical features contained in the phrasebook are examined and illustrated. We conclude with an examination of the significance of the Compendium in enriching our understanding of pidgin Portuguese and its relationship with Macau Creole Portuguese as well as Chinese Pidgin English.
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Ojoo, Saidu Yahaya. "A Sociolinguistic Implication of the Use of Nigerian Pidgin among Students of the Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa." Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2022.v05i10.007.
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This study examines the sociolinguistics implication of the use of Nigerian Pidgin among HNDII students of the Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa. Pidgin emerges when people from different linguistic backgrounds need a means of verbal communication. Interviews and direct observation methods of investigation are used as means of gathering data for the study. Fishman’s theory of domain analysis is employed as a framework of analysis for the study. The study discovered the presence of Nigerian Pidgin on campuses and how it affects to a great extent the teaching and learning of Standard English in Nigerian higher institutions. This study has also been able to provide answers to such questions as who speaks Nigerian Pidgin, to whom, where and for what purpose. The implication of the use of Nigerian Pidgin in academics was also explored. On the whole, this research concludes with the notion that Nigerian Pidgin is used as a means of informal communication among students on Nigerian campuses; as such, it has negative implications on the teaching and learning of Standard English in our educational process.
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Ubanako, Valentine Njende. "Male Chauvinism in Cameroon Pidgin English: The Case of the Collocates of Man." World Journal of English Language 8, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v8n2p12.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the creative and dynamic uses of the collocates of man in Cameroon Pidgin English as it has picked up chauvinistic connotations in a strict and increasingly patriarchal Cameroon. Cameroon Pidgin English has been analyzed from different perspectives by different scholars, but the area of collocation has seldom been tackled. Word associations like ‘speak like a man’, ‘drive like a man’, ‘man-boy’, ‘my man’ (penis),’ he is a real man’ ‘man hand’ etc. abound in the repertoire of Cameroonian users of English. This paper thus brings out the different possible collocations with the word man as well as semantic degradations and ameliorations in the Cameroonian context and investigates if the continuous dominance of (the) man in the Cameroonian society could be a subtle case of linguistic rights violation. This study uses participant observation, interviews and questionnaires to obtain data from 100 speakers of Cameroon Pidgin English in Cameroon.This study employs the social identity theory propounded by Henri Tajfel and John Turner (1979; 1986) which explains intergroup behaviours and status differences. Results show that the domains of use cut across the domains of the traditional ruling system, titles and kinship terms, professions, traditional economic system and foodstuffs and drinks. Also, man is used in Cameroon Pidgin English for self -expression and self- identification. Most of the collocates of man reflect the sociolinguistic background of the country with most of the terms having come from background languages like French, Cameroon Pidgin English and Camfranglais.
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Al-Nofaie, Haifa. "Translanguaging in a beauty salon." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00133.aln.
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Abstract This is an explanatory case study of how translanguaging offers space for practicing two shared languages: Saudi Pidgin Arabic and English as a lingua franca (ELF). It attends closely to overt types of translanguaging resources practiced by interlocutors. The study utilizes the conversation analysis (CA) approach to analyze conversations totaling 240 minutes, held in a beauty salon, between a Saudi female client and a Filipino beautician who communicated with each other using English and Saudi pidgin. The results show that the speakers’ interaction is mainly in English, but they switch to pidgin Arabic to fix misunderstandings, create humor, and engage in cooperative interaction. The study demonstrates that overt translanguaging resources employed by participants strengthen the multilingual nature of their ELF interactions, during which another contact language–Saudi pidgin in this case–can be practiced as another lingua franca. The study extends the limited literature on the nature of translanguaging in lingua franca social contexts and demonstrates the uniqueness of the translanguaging resources employed by ELF users.
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LIU, Yuqing. "Polyphonic Poetics: Reading Yang Shaoping’s Pidgin Bamboo Branch Lyrics." Modern Chinese Literature and Culture 35, no. 1 (June 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mclc.2023.0025.
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Pidgin English appeared in China along the Pearl River Delta as a contact language composed of a mixture of English, Cantonese, Portuguese, Hindi, and Malay as early as the eighteenth century. It spread to the Yangzi River delta in the mid-nineteenth century when an increasing number of Cantonese merchants and workers traveled to other treaty ports after the First Opium War. Focusing on a series of poems called Pidgin Bamboo Branch Lyrics (Bieqin zhuzhici) published in the newspaper Shen Bao in 1873, this paper explores how pidgin was appropriated in Chinese poetry and altered the literary soundscape in late Qing China. I argue that these pidgin English terms created a heteroglot poetic space wherein Sinographs and European words, literary language and local tongues, and classical images and contemporary anecdotes intertwine to generate diverse and contradictory meanings. Through an innovative collocation of the graphic, literal, and phonetic features of Chinese characters, the pidgin words and expressions in these poems produce a multilayered structure of meanings with various possibilities for interpretation. Moreover, unlike traditional bamboo branch lyrics in which non-Chinese words are incorporated to domesticate strangeness and consolidate the imperial order of center and periphery, these poems have an inverse effect: their use of pidgin English instead alienates the native, the conventional, and the familiar landscape/soundscape. This poetry made of language crossings depicts modernity as an uncanny sonic experience and makes foreignness appear not in a faraway land but in one’s own poetic language and everyday life.
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Bengoechea Bartolomé, Mercedes, and Gema Soledad Castillo García. "The semantics of solidarity and brotherhood in Chinua Achebe's "No longer at ease"." Journal of English Studies 2 (May 29, 2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.55.
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We intent to shed new light on the role of Pidgin, one of the languages used by Achebe's characters in No Longer at Ease. We suggest that, contrary to what some literary critics have interpreted, Pidgin, far from being the language of triviality or of the uneducated alone, represents in Achebe's work an honourable rite of passage from rural life into urban development in a multilingual post-colonial nation, and a bridge between conflicting worlds, Africa and Europe, tradition and innovation. Furthermore, a close consideration of the semantics of solidarity in the novel reveals the importance of the roles played by two languages, Ibo, and, more outstandingly, Pidgin, as vehicles of fellowship and brotherhood. This is revealed by examining the use of three of the linguistic varieties present in No Longer at Ease: Ibo, conversational English, and Pidgin. Our analysis discloses a transfer of legitimacy from English to a communally owned Pidgin.
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Ladoja, Khadijat T., and Ruth T. Afape. "Sarcasm Detection in Pidgin Tweets Using Machine Learning Techniques." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 17, no. 5 (March 18, 2024): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5450.
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Detecting sarcasm in social media is of growing importance for applications such as monitoring, consumer feedback, and sentiment analysis. However, detecting sarcasm in Pidgin tweets poses unique challenges due to the blend of English and Pidgin languages, along with local cultural references. Existing models for sarcasm detection in English lack appropriate annotated data for Pidgin. This scarcity hinders the development of effective machine learning models. This research aims to address these challenges and create a model for accurate sarcasm detection in Pidgin tweets. Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Vanilla Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers were assessed, focusing on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics on sarcasm data collected by curating and pre-processing a dataset of Nigerian Pidgin tweets. The XGBoost model demonstrated notable performance, attaining an accuracy of 85.78%, precision of 88.57%, recall of 94.44%, and F1-score of 91.41%. These outcomes underscored the model's prowess in discerning sarcastic and non-sarcastic expressions. By unfolding the intricacies of language in the Nigerian context, this research into sarcasm identification in Nigerian Pidgin text data introduced a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data curation, exploratory analysis, culturally tailored pre-processing, model training, evaluation, and prediction.
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Adegoke, Folake, Bashir Tenuche, and Eneh Agozie. "Development of Pidgin English Hate Speech Classification System for Social Media." American Journal of Information Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (June 14, 2024): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20240802.12.
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With the widespread use of social media, people from all walks of life—individuals, friends, family, public and private organizations, business communities, states, and entire nations—are exchanging information in various formats, including text, messages, audio, video, cartons, and pictures. Social media also facilitates the distribution and propagation of hate speech, despite the immense benefits of knowledge sharing through these platforms. The purpose of this work was to construct a text-based, Pidgin English hate speech classification system (HSCS) in social media, taking into account the alarming rate at which hate speech is shared and propagated on social media, as well as the negative effects of hate speech on society. We used text data sets in Pidgin English that were taken from Twitter and Facebook (3,153). To train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) text classifier to identify hate speech in Pidgin English, 70% of the Pidgin English data set was annotated. The SVM classifier's performance was tested and assessed using the remaining thirty percent of the Pidgin English text data set. The test set findings' confusion matrix, as determined by the HSCS performance evaluation, was 62.04%, 64.42%, 0.7541, 0.6947, and 0.64 in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve. When HSCS was compared to other Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, such as Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Naive Bayes, the results showed that LR had accuracy and precision of 61.51% and 63.89%, RF had 54.88% and 50.65%, and Naive Bayes had 61.51% and 63.89%.