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Journal articles on the topic 'Pidgin languages'
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1
Versteegh, Kees. "Speaking of the past." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.29.2.02ver.
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In rudimentary communication with foreigners, the most basic need is to express wishes and to give orders. Accordingly, verbal forms in foreigner-directed speech and pidgins often derive etymologically from imperatives or infinitives in the lexifier language. In more developed communication the need arises to refer to past events. In this paper, the development of past time reference from foreigner-directed speech to pidgin is investigated on the basis of data from Arabic-based pidgins, notably from Pidgin Madam, Gulf Pidgin Arabic, and Juba Arabic. These data are compared with the development of past tense reference in foreigner talk registers and pidgins based on other languages.
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Alshammari, Wafi Fhaid. "Tense/Aspect Marking in Arabic-Based Pidgins." Sustainable Multilingualism 18, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 14–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0002.
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Summary The earliest stages of pidgin formation show a preference for analytic and morphologically reduced grammatical constructions relative to their lexifier or substrate languages, where the apparent morphological marking, if found, seems to be fossilized. Structural relations, therefore, are mostly expressed externally. Tense/aspect categories are marked through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context. Creole languages, however, are said to develop such categories through grammaticalization. This study examines tense/aspect marking in five Arabic-based pidgins: Juba Arabic, Turku Pidgin, Pidgin Madame, Romanian Pidgin Arabic, and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Using Siegel’s (2008) scale of morphological simplicity, from lexicality to grammaticality, this study concludes that tense/aspect marking is expressed lexically through temporal adverbials or inferred from the context in the earliest stages of Arabic-based pidgins, which only later—in stabilized pidgins—develops into grammaticalized markers when certain criteria are met.
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Ekiye, Ekiyokere. "Suggesting Creoles as the Media of Instruction in Formal Education." East African Journal of Education Studies 2, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.2.1.167.
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Creole and Pidgin languages are spoken by not less than 50 million people around the globe, but literacy is usually acquired in other languages, especially those languages introduced by the former colonial powers. This paper suggests that Pidgin and Creole languages should be elaborated for use as the media of instruction in formal education, particularly in contexts where up to 85 per cent of the population speak them. Pidgins and creoles researchers have labelled pidgin and creole languages as “developing” and they highlight their capacity to perform the same functions as their developed European lexifiers, English and French. The central argument is that pidgin and creole languages have the potential to express complex realities and function officially in formal education despite the negative attitudes towards them by their speakers. The attitudes towards pidgin and creole languages in education, the part of political and linguistic entities in adopting Nigerian Pidgin and Mauritian Kreol as the medium of teaching literacy in their respective countries are the central issues of focus.
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Bakker, Peter. "A Basque Nautical Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.1.02bak.
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The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there are also some words from other languages, of which English is the most prominent. It is suggested that the knowledge of an English Nautical Pidgin played a role in the formation of this pidgin. Third, in the current debate on the origin of fu and similar markers as complementizers, many claims have been made. In this Basque Pidgin, twelve of the fifteen sentences contain the lexical item for in diverse functions. The use of for in the pidgin is compared with similar lexical items in four other pidgins. It is argued that there was some transmission of the use of for in these pidgins to the for in creoles.
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Syarfuni. "PIDGINS AND CREOLES LANGUAGES." Visipena Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v2i1.39.
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A pidgin is language with no native speakers, it is not first language but it is a contact language creoles is a normal language in just about every sense. Creole has native speaker, each pidgin and Creole are well organizes of linguistic system, the sound of pidgin or creoles are likely to be a fewer and less complicated than those of related languages for example Tok pisin has only five basic vowels, Papia Kristang has seven basic vowel. The pidgin or Creole language have two theories polygenesis and relexification. The distributions of pidgin and Creole are in equatorial belt around the world, usually in place with easy success such as in the oceans and harbor.
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Winkler, Elizabeth Grace. "THE STRUCTURE AND STATUS OF PIDGINS AND CREOLES.Arthur K. Spears & Donald Winford (Eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997. Pp. viii + 461. $90.00 cloth." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100231057.
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This book brings together some of the foremost scholars in pidgin and creole linguistics to address key issues confronting the field—most especially, the inability to provide generally agreed upon structural classifications of pidgin and creole languages, and in particular, less prototypical varieties like semi-creoles, post-pidgins, and post-creoles.
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Shapiro, Roman. "Chinese Pidgin Russian." Pidgins and Creoles in Asian Contexts 25, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 5–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.1.02sha.
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The much-understudied Chinese Pidgin Russian (CPR) has existed at the Chinese–Russian border since at least the 18th century. Unlike many Western-based pidgins, it was formed in a territory where the lexifying language (Russian) was dominant. It also uses a typical inflecting language as its lexifier and an isolating language (Chinese) as its substrate. This paper considers the influence of both ‘parent’ languages at all CPR levels. The sources of CPR include: pidgin records and descriptions; ‘Russian’ textbooks compiled for the Chinese going to Russia; and works of literature depicting contacts between the Russians and indigenous peoples of Siberia, who often spoke a variety of CPR. Some of these sources are rarely accessible to Western linguists. The paper discusses all key aspects of CPR: history (both of the pidgin and its study), phonology (segmental inventory, stress, tone), morphology (verbs vs. non-verbs, final particles), syntax (syntactic roles, sentence and phrase word order, postpositions and prepositions, comparatives), and vocabulary (synonyms, loanwords, structural and semantic calques, ‘diminutive politeness’). The study provides new translations and etymologies for ‘difficult’ CPR words and sentences.
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Broch, Ingvild. "Оценка языка-пиджина руссенорск глазами современного лингвиста(Assessment of the pidgin Russenorsk (RN) seen with the eyes of a contemporary linguist)." Poljarnyj vestnik 1 (February 1, 1998): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1431.
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The first linguistic description of RN was published by Olaf Broch in German in 1927 in Archiv für slavishe Philologie and in the same year also in Norwegian, at the request of the editor of the Norwegian philological journal Maal og Minne. In 1930 he published the RN texts which were known then and which he had used as a basis for the description of 1927. Broch's interest in RN was concentrated on a pure description of this phenomenon, by him characterized as "a kind of language [...] a mixture of different constituents like the ones we know from different parts of the world under more or less the same conditions». We have passed through a period of comparing RN to other pidgins, establishing RN as a grammatical system with simple morphology, with a syntax that is far from being without rules, but its syntactical possibilities are restricted, as in other pidgins. The history of RN shows that as long as RN was the only means of communication between Norwegians and Russians in Northern Norway the assessment was positive, but when Norwegian merchants started learning Russian proper, RN lost its status as "the fourth language" in Northern Norway, and was characterized in the same derogatory way as colonial pidgins. RN, however, differs from them, in having a special status as a dual-sourced pidgin, while most Atlantic and Pacific pidgin, creoloid and post-creoloid languages have a single main source.This seems to stimulate to more extensive studies into the features of the pidgin and contact languages of the Arctic and the northern regions. Such investigations can hopefully lead to important modifications and necessary redefinitions of the theoretical models employed in pidgin and creole studies.
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Oder, Alp Bugra. "Pidgins and Creoles: Analysis of The Etymology, Relevant Theories and The Influence of Media." Proceedings of The International Conference on New Trends in Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ntssconf.v1i1.108.
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Being a common phenomenon, bilingualism occurs when a person acquires two languages. Bilingualism can take place for commercial, political, and educational purposes. Educational purposes aside, the unwavering commercial and political ambitions of bigger civilizations coerced them to colonize smaller civilizations. For this reason, they imposed their languages on the colonized local people. Locals responded to the demands of colonizers by forming their languages called pidgin. As this common language evolved and became the native language of the contiguous generation, the language improved following its linguistic features, that is, creolized. Several theories regarding their origin exist in the literature. Thus; the present review aims to examine and explain these theories concerning their historical background and framework and mention the influence of media on pidgins and creoles appealing to antecedent studies in the relevant literature. Based on the systematic review of different studies, the present review concludes that pidgins and creoles are not inaccurate versions of standard languages, but separate languages worthy of studying. Besides, the theories of pidgin and creole origins are all useful guidelines that require holistic analysis because of their interconnectedness. Theories of polygenesis and monogenesis present this integrity complying with Stammbaum (1871) and Wellentheorie (1872). When it comes to the influence of the media, the present review concludes that mediatic tools, such as television, the Internet, and mobile phones, along with literature and music, enable locals to demonstrate their identity, but may sometimes lead to cyberbullying and illegal acts.
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Tuyte, Ye, М. Marat, R. Saltanmurat, and L. Kadyrova. "Pidgin and creolian languages as a means of communication." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Philology series 99, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph3/52-57.
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In a certain social environment, the need for communication is increasing. This communication is based on natural or artificial languages. The main goal of both natural and artificial languages is to satisfy the interests of the speaker, to establish feedback, that is, the implementation of language communication. The article discusses the basics of the emergence of artificial languages - pidgin and creole, for what purpose they are used, the process of converting pidgin into Creole languages. The number of Creole languages is considered, how many people speak them, in what area they are distributed. The common features and distinctive features of the pidgin and Creole languages are determined, as well as the languages that served as the basis for the creation of Creole languages, the influence of their vocabulary and grammar in the process of formation of artificial languages. The purposes of using pidgin as a language invented for temporary communication are described, as well as some linguistic uses used for communication between Russian and Chinese languages, the reasons for the emergence of these languages, the conditions for further development are explained. Examples are given regarding to the characteristics of the royal languages in some regions.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Literacy in Melanesian and Australian Pidgins and Creoles." English World-Wide 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.1.07sie.
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Recent descriptions of literacy in the English-lexified pidgins and Creoles of Melanesia and Australia have described it as being imposed by outsiders, irrelevant to speakers of these languages and unsuitable for use in formal education. This article presents an opposing point of view. First it outlines recent developments in the region, showing that while literacy may have been introduced from the outside, it has been embraced by many pidgin and creole speakers and used for their own purposes, including education. Second, it describes research findings refuting claims that using a pidgin or creole as a language of education will cause confusion among students and interfere with their acquisition of English.
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Operstein, Natalie. "Lexical diversity and the issue of the basilect/acrolect distinction in Lingua Franca." Language Ecology 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 202–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.20009.ope.
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Abstract In their typological survey of pidgins, Parkvall and Bakker (2013) observe that pidgin discourse is characterized by an exceptionally low type-token ratio. Taking this observation as its starting point, the present paper examines the type-token ratio in Lingua Franca, a contact language traditionally classified as a pidgin. The study is based on a unique mini-corpus consisting of parallel translations in Lingua Franca and four comparator languages: Italian, Spanish, French and English. The paper shows that the type-token ratio of the Lingua Franca variety reflected in the mini-corpus matches, and in parts surpasses, those of its Romance lexifiers and English. The study expands our knowledge of the basilect/acrolect distinction in Lingua Franca and contributes to the discussion about the role of lexical diversity in the typological categorization of contact languages.
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Kirom, Makhi Ulil. "اللغة الهجين واللغة المولدة." LUGAWIYYAT 3, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lg.v3i2.14022.
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Language is speech, as Ibn Jinni defined it. This definition goes to the growth of the spoken language in society. It is well known that the spoken language is more developed and used than the written language. This research aims to explain the conditions of the spoken language and its changes. First of all, we divide this spoken language into two parts, pidgin language and creole language. While a pidgin language arises from efforts to communicate between speakers of different languages, a creole language is born from the natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of different languages into a new one. This phenomenon is found in many languages, including Arabic. The pidgin language in Arabic is spoken by workers from outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Philippines and other countries. They try to converse among themselves in Arabic according to their ability and understanding, this is where the pidgin language originates. And there are many languages was established among peoples for a long time, and the frequent circulation of it among them made it natural to them, so this language became a creole language.
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Jourdan, Christine, and Roger Keesing. "From Fisin to Pijin: Creolization in process in the Solomon Islands." Language in Society 26, no. 3 (September 1997): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019527.
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ABSTRACTIn a combination of ethnohistorical records and longitudinal data gathered over a period of 30 years, the development of Solomon Islands Pijin is documented and analyzed in light of the current debate surrounding creolization theory. Using a pragmatic definition of a Creole (Jourdan 1991), the authors argue that pidgins can be very elaborate codes even before they become the mother tongue of children, and that this elaboration is the result of the linguistic creativity of adults. It is further shown that, in sociolinguistic niches where adults and children use the pidgin as their main language, the impact of the latter on the evolution of the language is of a different nature. (Creolization theory, pidgin languages, substrate influences, urbanization, Solomon Islands Pijin)
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Li, Juan. "Pidgin and Code-Switching: Linguistic Identity and Multicultural Consciousness in Maxine Hong Kingston’s Tripmaster Monkey." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004041974.
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A recurring theme in Maxine Hong Kingston’s works is the search for a linguistic identity of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans, and this theme receives the fullest treatment in her fourth book, Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1987). In representing the social, cultural and linguistic reality for the Chinese American community living in the multicultural United States, Kingston’s fundamental strategy is to use pidgin expressions and code-switching in the characters’ speech to present a truthful picture of languages used in the Chinese American community. A close analysis of the patterns and functions of pidgins in Tripmaster Monkey reveals that while Kingston records actual linguistic features of Chinese Immigrants’ Pidgin English (CIPE) in dialogue to preserve the linguistic individuality and identity of the Chinese American community, she draws on stereotypical features of the past Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) to combat negative stereotypes of Chinese Americans’ languages. Furthermore, Kingston uses code-switching in the characters’ speech to reinscribe her multicultural consciousness into her writing. This article examines the thematic significance of pidgin expressions and code-switched utterances in the characters’ speech in Tripmaster Monkey.
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Patrick, Peter L., and Suzanne Romaine. "Pidgin and Creole Languages." Language 65, no. 3 (September 1989): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415265.
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Winford, Donald. "Pidgin and creole languages." Lingua 82, no. 1 (September 1990): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(90)90056-q.
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Han, Bing. "The Emergence of the Russian-Chinese Pidgin as a Reflection of Language Contacts." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 5 (October 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-94-98.
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Scientists have accumulated considerable experience in the study of the concept of “linguistic contacts”. Multidimensionality and multifunctionality of this phenomenon, its research in various fields of scientific knowledge determine the existence of various interpretations of this concept, each of which reflects its different points. The analysis of scientific works by Chinese, Russian, Western scientists in which the understanding of the concept of “linguistic contacts” is presented, made it possible to identify the following aspects in the interpretation of this concept: an emphasis on linguistic interaction and interaction in the process of linguistic contact; definition of linguistic contacts as an interaction between languages as a result of the interaction of communities speaking these languages; the study of linguistic contacts in the aspect of the existing variety of linguistic phenomena caused by the contact of languages. The paper defines the essential characteristics of the pidgin, identifies the factors of occurrence and features of the Russian-Chinese pidgin. Based on the analysis of scientific approaches to the study of pidgin, the reasons for their appearance, conditions of functioning, it was concluded that the main factor in the emergence of the Russian-Chinese pidgin was border trade, which occupied a special place in relations between Russia and China.The research materials can be applied in studying the features of language contacts, the interaction between Russia and China. Keywords: language, dialect, language contacts, pidgin, Russian-Chinese pidgin
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Kosecki, Krzysztof. "On metonymy-based lexical innovations in Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin: A cognitive linguistic perspective." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2023-0003.
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Abstract As contact languages, pidgins and creoles arise in mixed linguistic environments. Drawing much of their vocabularies from one, frequently European, language and – to a lesser extent – from a number of indigenous languages, they have lexicons that are reduced in comparison with those of their lexifiers. To compensate for the poor lexification, pidgin and creoles create novel polysemy-based extensions of lexical items or develop periphrastic constructions equivalent of the missing lexical roots. Assuming a cognitive linguistic perspective, which emphasizes the role of conceptualization in the construction of meaning and the figurative character of concepts, the paper deals with the lexicons of Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin, two contact languages representative for the Atlantic and the Pacific – the two major areas of linguistic contact. The analysis focuses on the first of the above-mentioned compensation strategies. It is argued that (i) the expressions borrowed from English and various indigenous languages acquire senses that are absent in English; (ii) the new senses are frequently based on metonymy, which serves as a major polysemy-based strategy of lexicon extension; (iii) most of the novel lexical extensions fall within the metonymic patterns that are well-established in English.
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Liu, Yuqing. "Sinicizing European Languages: Lexicographical and Literary Practices of Pidgin English in Nineteenth-Century China." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 22, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15982661-10040867.
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Abstract This article reconsiders the social, economic, and literary significance of Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) in Chinese society by exploring lexicographical and literary practices of pidgin in nineteenth-century China. Resituating the history of CPE in Chinese language history, this article problematizes the concept of pidgin and pursues three arguments. First, the author maintains that CPE arose from the marginalized status of the Euro-American traders who were restricted from learning the Chinese language in Canton. Second, by exploring foreign-language glossaries, this article foregrounds the key role of sinographs and Chinese topolects in mediating and remolding foreign languages. Last, by examining the appropriation of foreign sounds in Cantonese folk songs and Pan Youdu's poetry, this article demonstrates the complex flow of these sounds among different languages and the power of pidgin in transgressing linguistic boundaries.
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Dewi, Shoufi Nisma. "Analysis of the Pidgin Language on Dat Stick by Rich Brian." AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i2.605.
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Pidgin dialects are at risk for vanishing because of the impact of urbanization, globalization, and the strength of significant world dialects. The shift in language, migration, and the disappearance of traditional cultural practices all make it even more challenging to preserve and maintain pidgin languages. It is necessary to acknowledge the preservation of linguistic diversity, including pidgin languages, which are important for intergroup communication and represent distinct cultural identities. The examination philosophy utilized in this study includes a blend of information assortment from "Dat Stick by Rich Brian" and a thorough survey of pertinent writing. To research the job and use of pidgin language in a melody, a subjective methodology is taken on. The pidgin-indicated word is gathered using the Data Gathering Method using a table. There should be a few guidelines for the pidgin-language category of words. It must be the result of no less than two social cooperation and doesn't contain a codification meaning. The primary method that is being utilized in this research is a literature review. determining whether or not it can be found in any dictionary. The writer takes a qualitative approach and considers the social and linguistic aspects, using definitions from a number of experts. The essayist began this subjective investigation with an interest in the intricate interaction between language and music. It was especially fascinated by the meaning of pidgin language in social articulation in the tune "Dat Stick by Rich Brian." It is motivated by this curiosity to discover and decipher the presence of pidgin language in a specific song.
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Kihm, Alain. "Pidgin-creoles as a scattered sprachbund." Creoles and Typology 26, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 43–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.26.1.03kih.
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That creole languages resemble each other beyond the diversity of their lexifiers and formative environments is a fact. Similarity should not be overstated, however, as creole languages also differ from each other in important ways. Hence the fundamental issues of creole studies: why are Creoles similar and what makes them different? What kind of a language group do they constitute? A genetic family they certainly are not, nor are they a typological group: creole languages do not constitute a type of their own. Assuming universal grammar viewed as a language bioprogram (LB) to be the principle of creole similarity strongly overstates this similarity. Moreover there are reasons to doubt the reality of the LB. Actually the kind of partial similarities exhibited by creole languages looks rather like what languages in a sprachbund or linguistic area have in common. How can languages scattered all over the world constitute an area, though? An answer is proposed in this study, which rests on two assumptions. First, creole languages constitute a virtual (non-spatial) area by virtue of their very similar origins, namely strong punctuations (catastrophes in a technical sense) involving Basic Variety (pidgin) episodes. Secondly, the (by no means necessary) aftermath of the catastrophe was an exceptional and limited repairing recourse to default grammar, whereby is meant a non-innate (at least not genetically coded), usage-based organization of the sound-meaning interface ensuring semantic transparency, that is the most direct mapping possible given (a) the organization of language sound; (b) the nature of meaning; (c) human preferred ways of associating forms and notions, also relevant for drawing, tool making, and so forth. Beyond that, creole languages are free to differ according to their lexifiers, substrates, adstrates, and so forth.
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Ngefac, Aloysius, and Bonaventure M. Sala. "Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English at a confluence." English World-Wide 27, no. 2 (July 6, 2006): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.2.06nge.
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The paper argues that Cameroon Pidgin, a simplified language that displayed a unique peculiarity in the yesteryears, is now giving up most of its phonological peculiarities and embracing those of the variety of English spoken in Cameroon. An analysis of the speech of 150 educated Cameroon Pidgin speakers, randomly selected, shows that such phonological processes as heavy infiltration of sounds from indigenous Cameroonian languages, rampant consonant cluster simplification through vowel epenthesis and other segmental peculiarities which characterized Cameroon Pidgin by 1960, as depicted in Schneider (1960), are by far less perceivable in current Cameroon Pidgin usage. It is demonstrated that the feeling that Pidgin is an inferior language has caused Cameroon Pidgin speakers to opt for the “modernization” of the language using English language canons, instead of preserving the state of the language as it was in the yesteryears. It is therefore predicted that Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English will sooner or later be in a continuum.
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Han, Bing. "Russian-Chinese Pidgin: Cultural and Social Phenomenon." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.9.22.
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In the modern world, most of the languages are in contact with other ones, self-suppressing languages almost do not exist. The processes of globalization, intercultural communication, the emergence of many cultural worlds, the strengthening of inter-ethnic and interlingual contacts maintain the role of language contacts in the modern world. The result of linguistic contacts is pidgin as a kind of reflection of the processes and phenomena occurring in the social space. It serves as an auxiliary means of communication in standard communication situa-tions. Language contacts in the study are under-stood as a phenomenon that arises between differ-ent language speakers in the process of their con-tacts. One of the types of pidgin is the Russian-Chinese pidgin. The study attempts to analyze the Harbin Russian-Chinese pidgin within the frame-work of structural and functional analysis by T. Parsons.
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Dench, Alan. "Pidgin Ngarluma." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.1.02den.
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This paper discusses evidence of an early pidgin in use amongst Aboriginal people of the north west coast of Western Australia. The crucial evidence comes from an Italian manuscript describing the rescue, by local Aborigines, of two castaways wrecked on North West Cape in 1875. The data reveals that the local Aborigines attempted to communicate with the Italian-speaking survivors using what appears to be an Australian language spoken some 300 kilometers further along the coast, around the emerging center of the new Pilbara pearling industry. I present an analysis of the material, showing that it differs from Australian languages of the area in significant ways and can be considered a reduced variety. I conclude that this variety is an indigenous pidgin — the first to be described for Australia.
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Bengoechea Bartolomé, Mercedes, and Gema Soledad Castillo García. "The semantics of solidarity and brotherhood in Chinua Achebe's "No longer at ease"." Journal of English Studies 2 (May 29, 2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.55.
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We intent to shed new light on the role of Pidgin, one of the languages used by Achebe's characters in No Longer at Ease. We suggest that, contrary to what some literary critics have interpreted, Pidgin, far from being the language of triviality or of the uneducated alone, represents in Achebe's work an honourable rite of passage from rural life into urban development in a multilingual post-colonial nation, and a bridge between conflicting worlds, Africa and Europe, tradition and innovation. Furthermore, a close consideration of the semantics of solidarity in the novel reveals the importance of the roles played by two languages, Ibo, and, more outstandingly, Pidgin, as vehicles of fellowship and brotherhood. This is revealed by examining the use of three of the linguistic varieties present in No Longer at Ease: Ibo, conversational English, and Pidgin. Our analysis discloses a transfer of legitimacy from English to a communally owned Pidgin.
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Xu, Qinyi. "A Brief Introduction to the Generation, Characteristics, and Influence of Shanghai Pidgin on Language and Society." Communications in Humanities Research 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/3/20220241.
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Language contact refers to a specific but universal linguistic phenomenon that almost anyone encounters, in the process of language contact. Language contact occurs not only between languages, but also between common languages and dialects, and between dialects and dialects. This paper focuses on the emergence, characteristics, and influence of Pidgin on society and language. The paper uses documentary analysis and case studies by finding linguistic examples. Based on previous research, it is concluded that Pidgin has a profound influence on the pronunciation and grammar of the Shanghai dialect, and on this basis, this paper concludes that "Pidgin" is a kind of deformed English produced in the old Chinese coastal trading ports. As a general language, it became a necessary tool for communication with foreigners at that time. Many of these words have survived and are still used in everyday conversation.
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Brown, Cecil H. "Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism." Language in Society 25, no. 2 (June 1996): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500020637.
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ABSTRACTThis study continues an investigation of lexical acculturation in Native American languages using a sample of 292 language cases distributed from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego (Brown 1994). Focus is on the areal diffusion of native language words for imported European Objects and concepts. Approximately 80% of all sharing of such terms is found to occur among closely genetically related languages. Amerindian languages only distantly related, or not related at all, tend to share native labels for acculturated items only when these have diffused to them from a lingua franca, such as Chinook Jargon (a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest Coast) or Peruvian Quechua (the language of the Inca empire). Lingua francas also facilitate diffusion of terms through genetically related languages; but sometimes, as in the case of Algonquian languages, these are neither familiar American pidgins nor languages associated with influential nation states. An explanatory framework is constructed around the proposal that degree of bilingualism positively influences extent of lexical borrowing. (Amerindian languages, bilingualism, language contact, lexical acculturation, lexical diffusion, lingua francas)
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Atechi, Samuel. "Is Cameroon Pidgin flourishing or dying?" English Today 27, no. 3 (August 18, 2011): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078411000356.
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Cameroon Pidgin English (abbreviated to CamP) is one of the languages of wider communication in Cameroon, a country second only to Papua New Guinea in terms of its multiplicity of languages for a relatively small population. CamP is used alongside other languages like English and French (official languages), Fulfulde, Arab Choa, Ewondo and Duala (lingua francas), and over 250 indigenous languages. What is, however, peculiar about CamP is that it is not restricted to a particular class of people or to people from a particular region. A language which arose as a result of the desperate need for a link language between people who spoke mutually unintelligible languages has now established itself as a major force to reckon with in the linguistic landscape of the country. One of the main preoccupations among researchers on CamP has been its relationship with Cameroon English (CamE), which has higher status. While CamE is an official language in the country's constitution, CamP enjoys covert prestige bestowed on it by Cameroonians as a language of wider communication, social interaction, intimacy, etc. However, Cameroonians have been given to understand that the coexistence of CamP and CamE is responsible for the falling standard of English in the country, as a result of which CamP should be eradicated at all costs. This attitude has led to the stigmatisation and intimidation of CamP speakers as educational authorities all over the country attempt to ban the language, and refer to it in such pejorative terms as bad English, poor English, bush English, join join English etc. Such hostility has tended to drive the language underground so that speakers rarely express their liking for the language overtly. They are suspicious of language authorities and thus have developed an ambivalent attitude towards anything that has to do with CamP. Thus if those speakers who use CamP daily as the main medium of communication were to be asked what they think about its status, functions and prospects, the results would be largely negative (Schröder, 2003), not because they do not like the language but simply because they have been intimidated and stigmatised. This ambivalence has caused serious methodological difficulties for researchers, which have marred most results of studies on the functions, status and prospects of CamP. The inability to adopt an appropriate methodology to research the topic has given rise to conflicting findings and statements on the relationship between CamP and CamE, some of which are sometimes truly baffling (see Ngefac & Sala, 2006; Ayafor, 2005; Kouega, 2001; Chia, 2009). Researchers insensitive to the situation carry out research on CamP and obtain results that paint a completely distorted picture of the situation on the ground. In this light, certain basic questions about this relationship remain to be settled: What is actually the relationship between CamP and CamE? Is CamP really facing death? Is CamP losing ground to CamE? Is CamP soon going to lose its identity and idiosyncrasies to CamE or is CamP going to supplant CamE? This paper will consider how various researchers have grappled with these questions. By analysing their statements, it will attempt to explain the controversies that have characterised research on the relationship between CamP and CamE thus far.
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Faraclas, Nicholas. "Nigerian Pidgin and the Languages of Southern Nigeria." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.2.03far.
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Although several linguists have noted the similarities between the Atlantic Creoles and West African languages, none has systematically compared the structures of a geographically and genetically balanced sample of West African languages with a creolized language of the Atlantic Basin. This study examines the structural similarities between Nigerian Pidgin and all of the languages of southern Nigeria for which fairly comprehensive descriptions have been written to date. The results show that linguistic work on West African languages has progressed to the point where claims regarding the influence of these languages on Atlantic Creoles can be substantiated with concrete evidence from a truly representative sample of languages.
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Pratika, Dellis. "The existence of Indonesian language: Pidgin or creole." Journal on English as a Foreign Language 6, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v6i2.397.
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<p>Indonesian language or sometimes called <em>Bahasa</em> is the national language of Indonesia. It was derived from Malay language and established as a national language in 1928. Until now, the Indonesian language keeps borrowing words from other languages. It was questioned whether the language was actually a pidgin that authorized into a creole since it was not only contained of Malay language but also languages that it was made contact with since colonialism eras, such as Dutch, English, Arabic, and other languages. This research used library study to find the data since it was not possible to trace the data in the field. This study was aimed to determine whether the Indonesian language was categorized into pidgin or creole. The result of the study revealed that Indonesian was not either pidgin or creole since the characteristics features did not meet any of them. It is believed that the Indonesian language was one of the means to achieve independence, but it is opened to receive lexicons from other foreign languages as the words keep increasing each year that can be seen in <em>Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</em> (KBBI).</p><p><br /><em></em><strong></strong></p>
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Vakunta, Peter Wuteh. "The status of pidgin English in the Cameroonian Tower of Babel." English Today 34, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841700044x.
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The choice of an official language in a linguistically pluralistic society often poses thorny problems, not least of which is that concerning perceived threats to the linguistic rights of minority language communities. This article discusses the importance of Cameroonian pidgin English (CPE) in relation to the two imperial languages inherited from colonial masters – English and French. I will contend that for the purpose of socio-political integration and national unity in Cameroon, it is incumbent upon policy-makers and language planners to choose pidgin English as one of the official languages in the country. CPE is a national lingua franca spoken by the rich and poor, men and women, educated and uneducated, young and old. Being one of the most widely spoken languages in the country, having met the communicative needs of Cameroonians for more than 500 years, and being a language that carries the identity and ecology of Cameroon, pidgin English has the potential to be promoted to the status of an official language and made to serve as a compromise medium for socio-political integration in an ethnically pluralistic nation such as Cameroon.
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Nash, Joshua. "The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures/The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages." Australian Journal of Linguistics 34, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2014.926581.
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Tanda, PhD, Vincent Ambe, and Raphael Tegha Ketcha, PhD. "Patterns of Code-switching in Multilingual Anglophone Cameroon Pop Music." Studies in Social Science Research 4, no. 2 (March 20, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v4n2p1.
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Though contemporary Anglophone Cameroonian pop music songs are American-oriented with rhythmic characteristics of R&B, Rap and hip hop, they essentially display multiculturalism through code-switching, qualifying them as purely Cameroonian lyrics. This paper seeks to describe the patterns of combination of codes during code-switching and demonstrate that a typical Anglophone Cameroonian contemporary pop music singer performs in two or three categories of languages, namely, official languages (English and / or French); pidgins (Cameroon Pidgin English and/ or Camfranglais) and indigenous language(s) which could be the artist’s mother tongue or simply another Cameroonian home language. The data for this paper consist of sixty Cameroonian popular songs performed by twenty Anglophone Cameroonian artists. The data were descriptively analysed using the qualitative and quantitative methods. The paper validates that code-switching in Anglophone Cameroon Pop music consists of bilingual, trilingual, quadrilingual and pentalingual code-switching patterns with Pidgin English as the dominant language that cuts across all patterns of combination. The paper concludes that multilingual display, which stands as a sine qua non in Anglophone Cameroon contemporary pop music lyrics, manifests itself mostly through code-switching andt permits artists to connect with multiple linguistic and tribal groups of people to pass through their message(s), to the widest possible audience, and communicate their emotions while, at the same time, enhancing aesthetics.
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Botha, Rudolf. "Pidgin languages as a putative window on language evolution." Language & Communication 26, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.07.001.
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Hymes, Dell H. "Thomas Paul's Sametl." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 71–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.5.1.05hym.
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A pidgin may share with other languages patterning of narrative in lines and groups of lines (verses). Chinook Jargon texts show patterns of the same kind as found in the speakers' respective Indian languages. A Saanich Salish jargon text is examined in detail, and its cultural and aesthetic interest pointed out, as well as its contribution to a general analysis of travel and outcome in Indian narratives. The recurrence in languages, including pidgins and creoles, of just a few alternative types of ethnopoetic patterning suggests an innate basis, but a functional explanation cannot be ruled out.
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Tillman, Amy E. "A love affair with pidgin." English Today 22, no. 3 (July 2006): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406003099.
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IN RECENT years, a married couple in the United States developed a pidgin-like patois (for their own use) out of three languages that one or the other knew well but both did not share. The following account, while telling something of their story, looks at how such a private ‘language’ can impact negatively on second-language acquisition. The study seeks also to gauge the effect of this personal ‘pidgin’ on Pierre, a native speaker of Wolof, and on his acquisition of English, a language he needs to know. In one sense their private language is a success, but in another it is a problem, because Pierre needs to become fluent in the language of his new home. He and Mary have created a language style that suits their daily needs, but their very success and originality may be preventing Pierre from moving on into conventional English.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Literacy in Pidgin and Creole Languages." Current Issues in Language Planning 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2005): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200508668278.
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Nylander, Dudley K. "Irrealis in Pidgin and Creole Languages." Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.11.2.08nyl.
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Yakpo, Kofi. "Social entrenchment influences the amount of areal borrowing in contact languages." International Journal of Bilingualism 26, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069211019126.
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Aims and objectives: Social factors in language contact are not well understood. This study seeks to establish and explain the role of social entrenchment in the evolution of contact languages. It also aims to contribute to a broader perspective on areality that can account for social and linguistic factors in contact outcomes involving all languages present in multilingual ecologies, including contact languages. Methodology: The copula system was singled out for a detailed analysis. A corpus of primary data of the three African English-lexifier contact languages, Pichi, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin, their ancestor Krio, and of their African adstrates (Bube, Mokpe, Akan) and European superstrates (Spanish, English) was investigated and compared. Data and analysis: Relevant features were selected for a dissimilarity matrix. A quantitative analysis was done with SplitsTree4. The resulting distance matrix and phylogenetic network were investigated for signals of genealogical transmission and areal diffusion and interpreted on their social background. Findings/conclusions: The copula systems of the three contact languages carry a genealogical signal of their ancestor Krio as well as an areal signal from the adstrates and superstrates spoken in their respective ecologies. The amount of areal borrowing increases in the order Pichi < Cameroon Pidgin < Ghanaian Pidgin, reflective of the depth of social entrenchment of each variety from left to right. Originality: Previous studies do not describe the copula systems of the English-lexifier contact languages of Africa and the Caribbean at a similar level of granularity and mostly focus on their emergence during creolization. This study attempts to explain their subsequent areal differentiation and links it to differences in social ecologies. Significance/implications: Areal borrowing can lead to significant departures from genealogically inherited structures within a short time if social entrenchment is shallow. Conversely, even languages of wider communication can remain remarkably stable if social entrenchment is deep.
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Nash, Joshua. "On the Possibility of Pidgin English Toponyms in Pacific Missions." Historiographia Linguistica 42, no. 1 (May 26, 2015): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.1.08nas.
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Summary This paper speculates about the possible existence of Pidgin English toponyms on the Melanesian Mission on Norfolk Island. The argument considers why modern historians and linguists studying the social and linguistic history of the Melanesian Mission missionaries, and why missionaries from earlier periods, who were documenting and studying local Melanesian languages spoken within the Mission’s activities, did not provide possible available information on Pidgin English toponyms. This noted absence of an explicit focus on the toponymic lexicon of Pidgin English and other marginalised languages highlights certain metalinguistic and social priorities held by linguists.
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Li, Michelle, and Stephen Matthews. "An outline of Macau Pidgin Portuguese." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 141–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.31.1.06li.
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In the early stages of the China trade European traders knew nothing of Chinese, while the Chinese traders were equally ignorant of European languages. It was in this setting that pidgin languages developed for interethnic communication. While the role of Chinese Pidgin English in the China trade is fairly well-understood (see Baker 1987; Baker & Mühlhäusler 1990; Bolton 2003; Ansaldo 2009), the use of pidgin Portuguese is poorly documented and our understanding of it is correspondingly limited (Tryon, Mühlhäusler & Baker 1996). In this article we discuss what can be learnt from a newly transcribed phrasebook — the Compendium of Assorted Phrases in Macau Pidgin. We first review the use of contact varieties of Portuguese in the China trade. We then introduce the contents and layout of the Compendium and explain the transcription practices adopted for the phrasebook. Grammatical features contained in the phrasebook are examined and illustrated. We conclude with an examination of the significance of the Compendium in enriching our understanding of pidgin Portuguese and its relationship with Macau Creole Portuguese as well as Chinese Pidgin English.
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Clements, J. Clancy. "PROCESSES OF LANGUAGE CONTACT: STUDIES FROM AUSTRALIA AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC. Jeff Siegel (Ed.). Saint-Laurent, Canada: Fides, 2000. Pp. xvi + 320. $34.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, no. 3 (August 4, 2003): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263103240195.
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The present volume highlights studies of languages created by contact-induced language change in Australia and the Pacific. Editor Jeff Siegel identifies six processes involved in the formation of pidgins, creoles, and other such language contact varieties: reanalysis, simplification, leveling, diffusion, language shift, and depidginization/decreolization. The process of reanalysis is the focus of four chapters: “The Role of Australian Aboriginal Language in the Formation of Australian Pidgin Grammar: Transitive Verbs and Adjectives” by Koch; “‘Predicate Marking' in Bislama” by Crowley; “Predicting Substrate Influence: Tense-Modality-Aspect Marking in Tayo” by Siegel, Sandeman, and Corne; “My Nephew Is My Aunt: Features and Transformation of Kinship Terminology in Solomon Islands Pijin” by Jourdan; and “Na pa kekan, na person: The Evolution of Tayo Negatives” by Corne.
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Siegel, Jeff. "Transfer Constraints and Substrate Influence in Melanesian Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 14, no. 1 (August 6, 1999): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.14.1.02sie.
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This study examines research on transfer in second language acquisition (SLA) in order to identify situational and linguistic factors which may constrain the influence of substrate languages on the developing grammar of a pidgin or creole. A distinction is made between the earlier transfer of L1 features by individuals attempting to use the superstrate language as an L2 for wider communication, and the later retention of a subset of these features by the community during a process of leveling which occurs during stabilization. The study outlines various transfer constraints and reinforcement principles proposed in both the second language acquisition and pidgin/creole studies literature. These are evaluated using Melanesian Pidgin and its Central-Eastern Oceanic (CEO) substrate languages as a test case. Of the potential constraints on transfer proposed in the SLA literature, the need for partial or specious congruence between superstrate and substrate structures appears to account best for the particular CEO features that were transferred. Perceptual salience accounts for the kinds of forms from English that were reanalyzed to fit CEO patterns. With regard to the retention of particular transferred features, the most significant reinforcement principle appears to be frequency in the contact environment.
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Siegel, Jeff. "The role of substrate transfer in the development of grammatical morphology in language contact varieties." Word Structure 8, no. 2 (October 2015): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2015.0080.
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This article shows how the psycholinguistic process of language transfer accounts for the many features of the grammatical morphology of language contact varieties that differ from those of their lexifiers. These include different grammatical categories, the use of contrasting morphological processes to express grammatical distinctions, lexifier grammatical morphemes with new functions, and new grammatical morphemes not found in the lexifier. After an introductory description of the general notion of language transfer, it presents five more specific types: transfer of morphological strategies, word order and grammatical categories, as well as direct morphological transfer and functional transfer. The article then gives some possible explanations for the distribution among different types of contact varieties of two kinds of functional transfer – functionalisation and refunctionalisation – and for the distribution of particular types of grammatical morphemes – i.e. free versus bound. The examples presented come from contact languages of the Australia-Pacific region: three creoles (Australian Kriol, Hawai‘i Creole and Tayo); an expanded pidgin (Melanesian Pidgin, exemplified by Vanuatu Bislama and Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin); a restricted pidgin (Nauru Pidgin); and an indigenised variety of English (Colloquial Singapore English).
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Ladoja, Khadijat T., and Ruth T. Afape. "Sarcasm Detection in Pidgin Tweets Using Machine Learning Techniques." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 17, no. 5 (March 18, 2024): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5450.
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Detecting sarcasm in social media is of growing importance for applications such as monitoring, consumer feedback, and sentiment analysis. However, detecting sarcasm in Pidgin tweets poses unique challenges due to the blend of English and Pidgin languages, along with local cultural references. Existing models for sarcasm detection in English lack appropriate annotated data for Pidgin. This scarcity hinders the development of effective machine learning models. This research aims to address these challenges and create a model for accurate sarcasm detection in Pidgin tweets. Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Random Forest, and Vanilla Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers were assessed, focusing on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics on sarcasm data collected by curating and pre-processing a dataset of Nigerian Pidgin tweets. The XGBoost model demonstrated notable performance, attaining an accuracy of 85.78%, precision of 88.57%, recall of 94.44%, and F1-score of 91.41%. These outcomes underscored the model's prowess in discerning sarcastic and non-sarcastic expressions. By unfolding the intricacies of language in the Nigerian context, this research into sarcasm identification in Nigerian Pidgin text data introduced a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data curation, exploratory analysis, culturally tailored pre-processing, model training, evaluation, and prediction.
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Mousa, Ahmed. "Phonotactics in L2 and Pidgin/Creole Languages." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p247.
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This study investigates the production of English initial consonant clusters by Arabic L1 learners of English and speakers of the Broad Jamaican Creole. The clusters Stop + /r/, /S/ + nasal, /S/ + stop, in addition to the production of vowel-initial words are focused on. It was found out that whereas Arab learners produced initial Stop + /r/ and /S/ + nasal words with epenthesis and /S/ + stop words with prosthesis as well as epenthesis, speakers of the Broad Jamaican Creole produced Stop + /r/ and /S/ + stop clusters according to the RP norm and /S/ + nasal with epenthesis. As for vowel-initial words, both groups resorted to the strategy of onset filling (Itô, 1989). Specifically, Arab learners produced these words with glottal stop /ʔ/ before the initial vowel, whereas the Jamaican informants inserted glottal fricative /h/ in the same position. Furthermore, the performance of the two groups was additionally analyzed in light of Optimality Theory.
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Mühlhaüsler, Peter, and Peter Mühlhauser. "The Changing Pidgin Languages of the Pacific." Diogenes 35, no. 137 (March 1987): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219218703513704.
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Drager, Katie. "Pidgin and Hawai‘i English: An overview." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 1 (January 1, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.10.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">T<span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">oday, most people from Hawai‘i speak Pidgin, Hawai‘i English, or both. This </span></span>paper presents a brief discussion of the history of both the creole (called Pidgin or Hawaii Creole) and the variety of English spoken in Hawai‘i referred to as Hawai‘i English. The creation of Pidgin and the prevalence of English in Hawai‘i have a complex history closely tied with various sociohistorical events in the islands, and the social hegemony established during the plantation days still persists today. While Pidgin is stigmatized and is deemed inappropriate for use in formal domains, it has important social functions, and the infl uence from diff erent languages is viewed as representative of the ethnic diversity found in the islands. This paper treats Pidgin and Hawaii English as independent from one another while commenting on some of the linguistic forms that are found in both. Lexical items, phonological forms,and syntactic structures of Pidgin and Hawai‘i English are presented alongside a discussion of language attitudes and ideologies. Recent work that attempts to address the negative attitudes toward Pidgin is also discussed.</p>
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Al-Nofaie, Haifa. "Translanguaging in a beauty salon." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00133.aln.
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Abstract This is an explanatory case study of how translanguaging offers space for practicing two shared languages: Saudi Pidgin Arabic and English as a lingua franca (ELF). It attends closely to overt types of translanguaging resources practiced by interlocutors. The study utilizes the conversation analysis (CA) approach to analyze conversations totaling 240 minutes, held in a beauty salon, between a Saudi female client and a Filipino beautician who communicated with each other using English and Saudi pidgin. The results show that the speakers’ interaction is mainly in English, but they switch to pidgin Arabic to fix misunderstandings, create humor, and engage in cooperative interaction. The study demonstrates that overt translanguaging resources employed by participants strengthen the multilingual nature of their ELF interactions, during which another contact language–Saudi pidgin in this case–can be practiced as another lingua franca. The study extends the limited literature on the nature of translanguaging in lingua franca social contexts and demonstrates the uniqueness of the translanguaging resources employed by ELF users.