Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pied flycatchers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pied flycatchers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pied flycatchers"

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Drahulian, Maria, Angela Chaplygina, Nadiia Savynska, Svitlana Kostenko, Pavlo Ostrovskyi, and Katerina Gusar. "The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca)." Folia Oecologica 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2018-0012.

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AbstractThe paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC)6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation.
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Markova, A., and V. Serebryakov. "DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF RELATED SPECIES OF FLYCATCHERS (MUSCICAPIDAE) FAMILY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 72, no. 2 (2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2016.72.63-68.

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The article is devoted to the observation of differences in relation between aggressive behavior of related species of Flycatchers (Muscicapidae) family and behavior acts in naturally watering places. Observations have reviled the timing separation between presence and engagement of Flycatchers in morning hours and relation with acts of aggression. Each representative of Flycatchers family is using the watering place in different ways. The correlation between intraspecific and interspecific contacts with the predominance of interspecific and highly aggressive interactions has been analyzed. The rating of successfulness of the acts of aggression has been established for every particular group of Flycatchers. It demonstrates the energetic justification of aggressive behavior for spotter, red-breasted and pied flycatchers but energetic overspend and failure for collared flycatcher.
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Morosinotto, Chiara, Robert L. Thomson, and Erkki Korpimäki. "Plasticity in incubation behaviour under experimentally prolonged vulnerability to nest predation." Behaviour 150, no. 14 (2013): 1767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003119.

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Nest predation is the main cause of nest failures in many bird species. To counter this, birds have evolved different behavioural strategies to decrease the visibility of their nests, thus reducing the probability of nest detection. We manipulated the long-term perception of nest predation risk in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) by experimentally increasing the nest vulnerability to predators. We placed treatment and control nest-boxes for breeding pied flycatchers that appeared identical during the initial phase of breeding. But after the removal of a front panel, treatment boxes had an enlarged entrance hole, almost twice the initial diameter. This treatment increases actual predation risk and presumably parental perception of risk. Control boxes presented instead an entrance hole of the same size both before and after the manipulation. When breeding in enlarged entrance holes, females doubled the vigilance at the nest while males reduced the time spent at the nest, compared to pied flycatchers breeding in control boxes. Increased vulnerability of the nest site to predation risk, thus, induced pied flycatcher parents to increase nest vigilance while reducing their activity at the nest. These results highlight the existence of plasticity in incubation behaviours under long-term experimentally increased nest predation risk.
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Searcy, William A., Dag Eriksson, and Arne Lundberg. "Deceptive behavior in pied flycatchers." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29, no. 3 (October 1991): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00166398.

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Kern, M. D., R. J. Cowie, and F. M. Slater. "Responses of Egg-Laying Pied Flycatchers to Experimental Changes in Clutch Size: A Re-Examination." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.428.

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AbstractPrevious studies with small numbers of clutches suggested that Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) were determinate egg-layers whose clutch size was fixed before laying began. We found that females lay additional eggs of normal size if clutch size is experimentally reduced, but do not lay fewer eggs when clutch size is increased. In the terms of Kennedy and Power (1990), Pied Flycatchers are removal-indeterminate and addition-determinate.
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Loman, J. "Does nest site availability limit the density of hole nesting birds in small woodland patches?" Web Ecology 6, no. 1 (November 6, 2006): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-6-37-2006.

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Abstract. By providing nest boxes, previous studies have shown that nest sites are in short supply and limit the populations of several small passerines, including the Great Tit Parus major, the Blue Tit P. caeruleus, and the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Can this influence their distribution over a range of small woodland patch sizes in a heterogeneous landscape? To investigate this, a study was conducted in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape, with a mixture of wooded patches and cropped fields, in southern Sweden. The descriptive part of the study involved mapping territories of the three species in 135 patches. These species avoided small (<1 ha, Pied Flycatcher) or very small (<0.2 ha, the two tit species) forest patches in this landscape. In an experimental part, a subset of 34 patches, 0.01 to 24 ha in size was used. Territories were mapped in a first year as a control. In a second year, patches were matched by size and vegetation and nest-boxes were provided in one patch of each pair. Territories were again mapped. Providing nestboxes increased the density of breeding Great Tits in patches of all sizes and expanded their use of very small patches. The nest-boxes increased the density of Pied Flycatchers in large patches but not in small patches. So, is the lack of territories in small patches due to shortage of nest sites? The outcome of the experiment suggests nest site limitation as a cause of the observed Great Tit discrimination against very small habitat patches. The lack of Pied Flycatchers in small patches must however have another basis than lack of nest sites. The effect of providing nest-boxes on Blue Tit distribution was inconclusive.
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Dabelsteen, Torben, Simon Pedersen, Helene Lampe, and Ole Larsen. "Song degradation in the hole-nesting pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca: Implications for polyterritorial behaviour in contrasting habitat-types." Behaviour 144, no. 10 (2007): 1161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781890887.

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AbstractIn the hole-nesting pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, a male may become polyterritorial after attracting a primary female. However, the female may recognize her mate's song and attack other females that associate with him. Differences in sound degradation amongst different habitats and within nestboxes may, therefore, be important for male and female behaviour since the male may have to move outside female hearing range to avoid harassment, and the female may have to listen for the mate to be able to locate competing females. This may be difficult from inside the nest cavity. We used ten common song elements to test sound degradation with distance in a mixed coniferous and a mixed deciduous forest, measuring broadcast sounds both inside and outside nestboxes. On average, sound degradation increased to a larger extent with distance in the deciduous than the coniferous forest. This is consistent with the shorter polyterritorial distances of flycatchers in the deciduous forest. Furthermore, song degradation was stronger inside the nestboxes. Being inside may, therefore, reduce a female's possibility of detecting and recognizing songs. This may be one reason why female pied flycatchers spend little time within the nest cavity before incubation unlike some other hole nesting species.
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Mouritsen, H., and O. N. Larsen. "Migrating young pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca do not compensate for geographical displacements." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 21 (November 1, 1998): 2927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.21.2927.

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The present study tested whether young Scandinavian pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, would direct their orientation back towards their southwest-directed migratory route in autumn if displaced by the maximal biologically realistic distance due south or due west. The aim was to clarify the nature of their inherited spatiotemporal orientation programme. Forty-eight young pied flycatchers were caught and tested at Christianso, Denmark. They were then divided into three groups of equal size and orientation, of which one group was displaced due south and another due west, while the third remained as a control at Christianso. Three different experimenters then simultaneously tested their orientation. The birds oriented in the same direction at all localities, showing no signs of compensatory orientation. This result suggests that young pied flycatchers on their first autumn migration use a simple clock-and-compass strategy to reach their wintering area. If this suggestion holds, then all the prerequisites (a compass and an internal clock) for orientation during the autumn migration seem to be known at present, at least at the behavioural level. In addition, the present study provides further evidence supporting the assumption that
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Vallin, Niclas, and Anna Qvarnström. "Learning the Hard Way: Imprinting Can Enhance Enforced Shifts in Habitat Choice." International Journal of Ecology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/287532.

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We investigated the potential importance of learning in habitat choice within a young hybrid zone of two closely related species of birds. Pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) are being excluded from deciduous habitats into a mixed forest type by collared flycatchers (F. albicollis). We investigated whether this enforced habitat shift influenced reproductive isolation between the two species, and, by cross-fostering nestlings, we tested whether learning may lead to a corresponding shift in habitat choice in consecutive generations. Our results show that the majority of the recruits, even if translocated across different habitat types, return to breed in the area where they were fostered. As male pied flycatchers were more likely to hybridize in the originally preferred habitat, we argue that early imprinting on an alternate habitat can play an important role in increasing reproductive isolation and facilitate regional coexistence between species experiencing secondary contact.
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Dale, Svein, and Tore Slagsvold. "Male pied flycatchers do not choose mates." Animal Behaviour 47, no. 5 (May 1994): 1197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1158.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pied flycatchers"

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Huggett, Duncan James. "The population ecology of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas) in Northumberland." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236995.

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Triantafyllidou, Maria. "The limits of species recognition: heterospecific song learning in pied flycatchers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303531.

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The closely related species pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and collared flycatcher (F. albicollis) co-occur on the Swedish island of Öland, where they compete over similar resources. The majority of male pied flycatchers have been found to incorporate elements of the collared flycatcher song in their repertoire. Given that birdsong is partly inherited and partly learned, the relative contribution of genetic predispositions versus acoustic stimuli varies across different species. The results show that in pied flycatchers, song acquisition is tightly correlated with imprinting, and can therefore be greatly influenced by heterospecific tutors in their surroundings, i.e. male collared flycatchers. I found that pied males are capable of not only memorizing collared song elements, but also producing them with high fidelity. Thus, I infer that pied flycatchers are characterized by a high degree of vocal plasticity.
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Ross, Douglas John. "Mating and reproductive decisions in the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29764.

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1. This study investigated factors influencing the reproductive strategies employed by the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, in Cumbria, UK, 1993 - 1995. 2. Despite being commonly observed to be a polyterritorally polygynous species, only 5.5% of males in this population established a secondary territory and subsequently only 3.6% became polygynously mated. Single-locus DNA profiling similarly established the frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP) in the population as being low (6.1% of 294 offspring; 23.5% of 51 broods). The majority of extra-pair males who were identified (10/12) were found to be neighbouring individuals. 3. Pairing order of males was most strongly influenced by their settlement pattern, with older individuals arriving earlier. No difference between chosen and rejected unpaired males was observed for a variety of male characteristics. A higher proportion of darker males were found to contain extra-pair young in their broods, however, the reason for this pattern was unclear. When the characteristics of pair males and those successfully gaining EPP were compared, only the body condition index scores measuring individual 'fitness' were found to differ, with higher quality males being successful cuckolders. 4. Experimental manipulation of phenotypic quality (by the removal of primaries 6 and 9, and the central 6 rectrices) was carried out prior to pairing to investigated whether this would affect; (i) pairing order of resident males; and (ii) female choice to gametic partner. Pairing order was not affected by the manipulation and there was no increased likelihood of becoming cuckolded. No difference was observed either in the frequency of feeding visits made during the nestling period.
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Haavie, Jon. "Sexual Signals and Speciation : A Study of the Pied and Collared Flycatcher." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3916.

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Speciation is the process in which reproductive barriers evolve between populations. In this thesis I examine how sexual signals contribute to the maintenance, reinforcement or breakdown of reproductive barriers.

Male pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and collared flycatchers (F. albicollis) differ in song and plumage traits. However, where the two species coexist, several pied flycatchers sing a song resembling the collared flycatcher (mixed song). Mixed song is not caused by introgression from the collared flycatcher but is due to heterospecific copying. Mixed song provokes aggressive behaviour in collared flycatcher males and leads to heterospecific pairing and maladaptive hybridization.

The species differences in song were found to be larger in an old than a young hybrid zone. This was due to a reduction in the frequency of mixed song in the pied flycatcher and a divergence in the song of the collared flycatcher. Apparently, mixed song causes maladaptive hybridization, which over time leads to reinforcement of reproductive barriers by a song divergence.

Previous studies have shown that a character displacement in male plumage traits reinforces species barriers. Hence both plumage and song divergence reduce the incidence of hybridization. The evolution of male plumage traits has been so rapid, or selection has been so strong that rapidly evolving molecular markers are unable to trace it.

Hybrid females mate with a male of the same species as their father. Previous studies have shown that females use male plumage traits controlled by genes linked to the sex chromosomes (the Z) in species recognition. An association between preference and a sex-linked trait through the paternal line may render reinforcement of reproductive barriers more likely.

In conclusion, sexual signals are affected by species interactions that cause breakdown or reinforcement of reproductive barriers.

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Goodship, Nicola M. "Endocrine control of nestling begging behaviour in the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56109/.

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Begging signals given by nestling birds may advertise their condition or quality and parents may respond by allocating their resources in relation to begging intensity. In order for such signals to be honest, they must be costly to produce. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of nestling endogenous testosterone (T) as a potential mechanism to control begging signals in pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca. Androgen levels were analysed from invasive and non-invasive (faecal) samples using T radioimmunoassay. In the laboratory, nestling begging behaviour was measured as: 1) the duration of begging displays and 2) the maximum height of begging stretches. It was found that individual nestlings begging most intensively had the highest circulating levels of T immediately after testing. This relationship was tested experimentally by dosing nestlings with oral doses of T and assessing the effects on nestling begging signals. The results showed that the duration of begging displays by T-dosed nestlings were longer than controls, confirming the causal nature of T in controlling nestling begging signals. A field study investigated the effect of brood reduction on parental provisioning strategies, nestling behaviour and T levels. During brood reduction parents allocated food resources according to rules based more strongly on nestling begging behaviour compared with control days. A partial cross-fostering experiment tested whether nestling T and begging behaviour related to levels of relatedness within the nest. The begging duration of cross-fostered broods was longer than control broods and fostered nestlings increased their faecal androgen levels, although the reliability of this result should be further investigated. A biochemical validation study confirmed that excreted androgen metabolites were measured in the faeces of pied flycatchers. Overall, the results of this project confirmed that T is responsible in part for the control of begging intensity and may be a mechanism that controls begging behaviour in nestling birds.
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Hesp, Jon. "A study of the breeding biology of a pied flycatcher population in Wales." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13454/.

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This study concerns a population of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) living in nestboxes in an area of woodland in Mid-Wales. The occupants of 180 nestboxes were monitored during 1988 and 1989. In addition to behavioural observations and records of breeding performance, individual adults and pulli were caught and measured, and a blood sample taken. In the Pied Flycatcher, polygyny is a common mating strategy in which the two or more females mated to a single male nest in discrete territories up to 500m apart This behaviour has been interpreted in two ways, firstly as the result of female choice for the quality of the male or his territory, and secondly, as a consequence of male deception, by which already-mated males attract secondary females who suffer reduced breeding success as a result. In this population polygyny was a rare occurrence; only 3 of 240 breeding males were recognised to be polygynous. These males defended two adjacent nestboxes. The breeding success of the three secondary females was not unusually low. These results suggest that a model of male- or territory quality might better explain the situation in this population. The occurrence of extra-pair mating has being noted in a number of species, including the Pied Flycatcher. In this study it was found to account for 2.7% of the offspring screened by genetic fingerprinting. Another common method for detecting extra-pair paternity uses the heritability of a skeletal measurement.The results from the two methods are shown to be incompatible. A number of weaknesses with the heritability method are described and discussed. The increasing number of studies on the Pied Flycatcher throughout Europe reveal that the frequency of mating strategies such as polygyny and extra-pair mating differ from area to area This suggests that environmental factors may play a major part in determining the costs and benefits of such strategies.
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Berglund, Åsa. "Responses to reduced industrial metal emissions : An ecotoxicological study on Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, Aves)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33767.

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Metals have been used by humans for thousands of years, and this has resulted in increased concentrations in the biosphere. The environment around point-sources, such as mines and smelters, are of particular concern, as metals may accumulate to high concentrations, and potentially reach levels toxic to the local flora and fauna. This thesis focuses on the effects on pied flycatcher populations of two such point-sources, a lead mine and enrichment plant, and a sulfide ore smelter. Mining activities at the lead mine ceased in 2001 and pied flycatcher populations were assessed before and after the closure. At the sulfide ore smelter, pied flycatchers were studied during the 1980s. Since then, the metal emissions to air from the smelter (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead and zinc) have been greatly reduced (by 93 – 99%). Pied flycatchers from these two contaminated environments differed in their responses to reduced atmospheric deposition. At the mine site, nestling responses reflected the reduced atmospheric deposition and less lead accumulated in their tissues. However, lead levels were still high enough to cause negative effects on blood status (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [ALAD], hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [ht], and mean cell hemoglobin concentration) and reproduction (reduced clutch size, increased mortality and reduced breeding success), as was observed when the mine was in operation. Along the pollution gradient away from the smelter, nestling concentrations reflected the metal load in the soil pool, accumulating over time, rather than the atmospheric deposition. This resulted in only a minor response to decreased metal deposition (slightly reduced liver lead concentrations at 3.5 – 90 km from the smelter). This suggests that in environments with highly polluted soils, decreased inputs of atmospheric metal deposition have only minor impacts, and recovery from contamination should not be expected within decades. The high metal concentrations in the vicinity of the smelter contributed to poorer blood status (ALAD, Hb and ht), induced oxidative damage and defenses, and decreased reproduction (increased mortality and reduced breeding success). There were only minor improvements in blood and reproductive variables at 3.5 km from the smelter.
Metaller är grundämnen som inte kan bildas eller förstöras av människan. De förekommer i mineraler i berggrunden och finns överallt på jorden. Människans användning av metaller har dock medfört att de återfinns i högre halter i miljön än de annars skulle gjort. Trots att metallerna kan spridas och transporteras långa sträckor med luftmassorna, är det främst kring källorna, såsom metallindustrier, man kan hitta metaller i tillräckligt höga halter för att orsaka skada på växter och djur. I denna avhandling presenteras undersökningar av hur svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca) påverkas kring två metallindustrier i norra Sverige. Det ena är en numera nedlagd blygruva med anrikningsverk i Laisvall, där vi studerade populationer av svartvit flugsnappare före och efter att industrin stängdes. Det andra är smältverket Rönnskärsverken, utanför Skelleftehamn, som varit i drift sedan 1930-talet. I föroreningsgradienten från smältverket studerades effekter av 20 års kraftigt minskade metallutsläpp till luften som följd av förbättrade reningstekniker. Resultaten kring industrierna visar att fåglarna svarade olika på de minskade metallutsläppen. Kring blygruvan minskade halterna av bly i flugsnapparungar med samma takt som nedfallen (mätt i mossa) och bytesdjuren (myror). Däremot, kring smältverket, var fåglarna fortfarande exponerade för höga halter av de giftiga ämnena arsenik, kadmium, kvicksilver och bly, på i princip samma nivåer som 20 år tidigare, trots att utsläppen minskat med 93 – 98%. Orsaken till detta tros vara skillnader på föroreningsgraden i markens översta lager, mårskiktet. Vi kunde visa att flugsnapparna kring smältverket främst fick i sig metallerna från marken, som efter flera årtionden med utsläpp från industrin innehöll mycket höga metallhalter. Detta kan förklara att fåglarna trots att utsläppen var låga, fortfarande var utsatta för stor metallexponering. Det snabba svaret på minskad metallspridning (bly och zink) som flugsnapparna vid blygruvan visade, antar vi berodde på att mindre mäng metaller fanns i marken. Trots minskningen var metallhalterna i fåglarna vid gruvområdet fortfarande tillräckligt höga för att, liksom vid smältverket, påverka fåglarnas hälsa. De uppvisade bl.a. låga blodvärden och tecken på oxidativ stress. Vidare var ungdödligheten förhöjd, vilket ledde till lägre häckningsframgång. Slutsatsen är att markens innehåll av metaller har stor betydelse för återhämtningsförloppet för svartvit flugsnappare efter minskat metallnedfall, och att en relativt snabb återhämtning kan förväntas i områden med något lägre metallhalter i mårskiktet, medan återhämtning i områden där marken är kraftigt förorenad inte kan förväntas förrän efter flera årtionden, även om nedfallet upphört nästan helt.
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Vallin, Niclas. "Competition, Coexistence and Character Displacement : In a Young Avian Hybrid Zone." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-157146.

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This thesis investigates the ecological and evolutionary implications of a recent secondary contact between two closely related bird species: collared (Ficedula albicollis) and pied (F. hypoleuca) flycatchers. Collared flycatchers started to colonize the Swedish island of Öland, where pied flycatchers were already present, in the late 1950s-early1960s. My major aims were to investigate which factors are acting against versus for long-term coexistence between the two species. Specifically, I investigated the relative importance of allopatric divergence, interspecific competition, hybridization and learning in promoting or inhibiting coexistence. The combined effects of interspecific competition and hybridization drives pied flycatchers towards local extinction in their preferred deciduous habitat. However, my results also show that pied flycatchers are better able to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. This trade-off between competitive ability and resilience in the face of harsh conditions facilitates a regional coexistence between the species. Coexistence is furthermore favoured by competition-mediated divergence in breeding habitat choice, timing of breeding and male breeding plumage colouration. Due to interspecific competition, male pied flycatchers are forced to breed in a more mixed forest type with a later peak in food abundance, which is accompanied by a divergence in breeding time between the two species. In areas shared with collared flycatchers, male pied flycatchers with brown plumage coloration, most divergent from that of collared flycatchers, are favoured by selection. In addition to facilitating coexistence, the observed shift in habitat occupancy increases reproductive isolation between the two species. By using cross-fostering experiments I demonstrate that natal habitat imprinting has the potential to additionally speed up habitat segregation. Finally I show that hybrid nestlings express an intermediate response to harsh environments, indicating that another aspect of ecological-based selection may be important in reproductive isolation between the species. In summary, my results show that adaptations during historic allopatry are important both in facilitating coexistence as well as in providing a foundation for further ecological divergence at secondary contact. This is of relevance today as many species are shifting their distributions in response to habitat disturbance and global warming.
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Berggren, Andreas. "Ficedula hypoleuca hemoglobin levels in lead contaminated areas. : Is bird health affected by invertebrate community composition and abundance?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152600.

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Mining is a widespread industrial activity that in many cases, via mining wastes, leads to altered concentrations of metals in close vicinity to the mining activities. Metals in mining waste can have high toxicity and may persist in environments for long time periods. The presence of metals, such as lead (Pb), is known to contaminate and cause damage to nearby organisms and ecosystems. Birds are at risk of metal contamination and, since they are predators high up in the food chain, may face accumulation of metal in tissue over time, via consumption of contaminated prey. Small passerine species, such as the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), are suitable for studying metal contamination as they are ubiqutious, and high up in the food chain. Pied flycatchers feed exclusively on invertebrates, making the abundance, quality, and potential contamination of invertebrates interesting to study with regard to the health of the birds. Studies have shown that hemoglobin (Hb) levels in young pied flycatchers are reduced by high background levels of Pb.  This may be linked to prey availability and quality, as invertebrates are known to alter their composition, and contain higher Pb concentrations in Pb contaminated areas. Here, I investigated how invertebrate abundance and community composition, and pied flycatcher Hb concentrations (i.e. health), in reference and Pb contaminated areas, were related to each other. Invertebrate traps were set and sampled twice during the summer of 2018 to provide invertebrate data to the study. Bird Hb levels was acquired by taking blood samples from nearly fledged chicks in birdhouses placed in the different areas. I found a potential trend towards higher Hb levels in reference areas (p=0.110), suggesting that bird health is reduced by the presence of Pb, but this could not be explained by differences in invertebrate community composition or abundance (p>0.05). Hence, based on this study, high Pb concentrations in the soil does not directly, or indirectly via potential impacts on the prey community composition, influence the health of pied flycatchers.
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Strasevicius, Darius. "Indirect effects of river regulation : consequences for landbirds of reduced numbers of aquatic insects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1107.

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Abstrakt: Jag har undersökt hur älvreglering påverkar mängden knott (Tvåvingar: Simuliidae) längs flera norrlandsälvar och vilka konsekvenser denna påverkan får för den landlevande fågelfaunan. Studien visar att utbyggnad av älvar har en negativ effekt på mängden knott. Det fanns sju gånger högre tätheter av knott längs "orörda älvar" jämfört med utbyggda älvar.

Skillnaden i antal knott mellan älvtyperna var mycket större för knotthanar än för knotthonor, vilket förklaras av att honorna är rörligare eftersom de flyger och letar efter blod. Knott lever av blod från ett flertal däggdjur och fåglar och visar en stor variation i värd-specificitet mellan olika arter. Jag fann en högre frekvens av haemosporida blod parasiter (Leucocytozoon) i fåglar längs "orörda" Vindelälven jämfört med den reglerade Umeälven. Detta mönster stämmer väl överens med tätheten fågelparasiterande knott som är lägre längs Umeälven. Knott attackerade främst värdar som var stora och vanliga. Fågelsamhällets sammansättning skiljde sig mellan orörda och utbyggda älvdalar. Tätheten av icke insektsätande fåglar tenderade att minska, efter häcksäsongen, längs orörda älvar medan den ökade längs utbyggda älvar. Den insektsätande fågeln svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) uppvisade större häckningsframgång längs orörda älvar jämfört med utbyggda älvar. Detta är förmodligen en effekt av den större mängden insekter som finns längs orörda älvar.


The effects of river regulation on blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) abundances and consequences for the avifauna in terrestrial environments were studied along multiple rivers in northern Sweden. I found that impoundment of rivers has detrimental effect to blackfly abundances. The densities of large-river breeding blackfly species were several-fold higher along free-flowing than along regulated rivers. The difference in abundances was much larger in males than blood-seeking females. Blackflies attacked a variety of mammalian and avian hosts and showed different levels of host-specificity between species. I found higher prevalence of haemosporidian blood parasites (Leucocytozoon) in birds along the free-flowing Vindel River in comparison to the regulated Ume River, where the lower densities of ornithophilic blackflies were reduced. Blood-seeking blackflies predominantly attacked large and/abundant hosts.

Assemblages of birds differed between valleys of regulated and free-flowing rivers. Densities of noninsectivorous birds tended to decrease along free-flowing rivers in the post-breeding season, but increased along regulated rivers at the same time. Insectivorous European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) showed greater fledging success along free-flowing than regulated rivers, which probably reflects the higher insect abundances found along freeflowing rivers.

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Books on the topic "Pied flycatchers"

1

V, Alatalo Rauno, ed. The pied flycatcher. London: Poyser, 1992.

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2

Artemʹev, A. V. Populi︠a︡t︠s︡ionnai︠a︡ ėkologii︠a︡ mukholovki-pestrushki v severnoĭ zone areala. Moskva: Nauka, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pied flycatchers"

1

Källander, Hans, and Henrik G. Smith. "Manipulation of the Brood Size of Pied Flycatchers." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 257–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_22.

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Alatalo, Rauno, Allan Carlson, and Arne Lundberg. "Polygyny and Breeding Success of Pied Flycatchers Nesting in Natural Cavities." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 323–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_27.

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Slagsvold, Tore, and Jan T. Lifjeld. "Return Rates of Male Pied Flycatchers: An Experimental Study Manipulating Breeding Success." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 441–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_37.

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Winkel, Wolfgang, and Doris Winkel. "How Does Translocation Affect the Subsequent Distribution of Breeding Pairs in a Population of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula Hypoleuca)?" In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 461–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_39.

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von Haartman, Lars. "Breeding Time Of The Pied Flycatcher Ficedula Hypoleuca." In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_1.

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Chernetsov, Nikita, and Falk Huettmann. "Linking Global Climate Grid Surfaces with Local Long-Term Migration Monitoring Data: Spatial Computations for the Pied Flycatcher to Assess Climate-Related Population Dynamics on a Continental Scale." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2005, 133–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11424857_15.

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7

Alatalo, R. V., and A. Lundberg. "Polyterritorial Polygyny in the Pied Flycatcher." In Advances in the Study of Behavior, 1–27. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60199-0.

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