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Academic literature on the topic 'Pièges stratigraphiques (géologie pétrolière)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pièges stratigraphiques (géologie pétrolière)"
Marchal, Denis. "Approche spatio-temporelle des mécanismes de la propagation des failles normales : des modélisations analogiques à la sismique 3D." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10270.
Full textIn petroleum geology, normal faulting is a major process in the formation of oil traps in extensional domains. Evaluating the quantities of hydrocarbons trapped, especially at the edges of structures, requires thorough knowledge of the 3D geometry of fault tips and their propagation mechanisms. To study the propagation mecanisms of normal faults, two types of analog modeling are conducted here: (1) propagation tests of pre-existing fauHs in translucid analog materials with video monitoring and (2) extensional deformation of two-Iayer sand/silicone scale models with X-ray tomograph imaging (medical scanner). This type of approach makes it possible to analyze fault propagation mechanisms in three dùnensions over the course oftime. The results are used to develop a conceptual model of the propagation of neoformed normal faults within a spatio-temporal (4D) framework. Whichever type of analogue model is used, secondary faults arranged in en échelon patterns arise at the tips of the main fault. Normal fault propagation mechanisms results mainly from connection processes between the secondary faults, between secondary faults and the main fault, and from the junction of two main faults. These connection processes are the source of the different types of undulation observed on fault planes. To validate the theoretical model, detailed morphology of natural neoformed normal faults is analysed by means of 3D seismic blocks (Niger Delta, Gulf of Gabes) and field examples (Oklo, Gabon). The natural extensional structures are interpreted using 4D sequences developed by analog modeling. The influence of the structural heritage (reactivation of a deep fault) on the geometry and propagation of neoformed normal faults is also considered
Egreteau, Alexandre. "Etude des variations de l'amplitude de la réflectivité du sous-sol après imagerie sismique en profondeur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001811.
Full textMoyen, Rémi. "Paramétrisation 3D de l'espace en géologie sédimentaire : le modèle GeoChron." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_MOYEN_R.pdf.
Full textReservoir modelling requires building a volumic mesh usually adapted to faults and horizons of the domain, on which petrophysical property models are computed. The common practice consists in using stratigraphic curvilinear grids formed of hexahedral cells whose indexes (i, j, k) constitute a sampling of a " 3D parametric function (u, v,t) where (u, v) correspond to the "paleo-geographic" coordinates tangent to the horizons and (t), viewed as an analog to the geological age of the terrains, is approximately orthogonal to the horizons. These grids are suited to the property-modelling geostatistical algorithms but their topological regularity induces errors or approximations in complex fault networks or folded environments. The GeoChron model corrects these drawbacks by clearly segragating the geometry of the domain of study (modelled by an unstructured tetrahedralised mesh), the link between this geometry and the geometry of the layers at the time or deposition (thanks to a 3D parametric function (u,v,t)) and the property model (computed in a regular fine-scaled grid). After exposing the mathematical framework of this model which emphasises the similarity with time stratigraphic (or Wheeler) diagrams used in sedimentology, we show two practical ways of building such a parameterisation and their implementation in the GOCAD geomodelling software. Then we show how the (t) component of the parametric function can be used to automatically compute a geometric estimate of the throw vector in any point of a fault surface. Finally, we present Borne applications concerning petrophysical property modelling, deformation estimation or seismic data integration
Tendil, Anthony. "Contrôles tectoniques, climatiques et paléogéographiques sur l'architecture stratigraphique de la plateforme carbonatée urgonienne provençale (France) : approches sédimentologiques, géochimiques et numériques intégrées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0230.
Full textThe analysis of carbonate systems is at the heart of major economic and societal challenges, especially in the energy field since they represent significant oil and gas reserves. The present thesis focuses on the Urgonian Provence platform (upper Barremian–lower Aptian interval) which is considered as a valid outcrop analogue of middle East carbonate reservoirs. About thirty stratigraphic sections, including newly acquired cores, are considered throughout the Provence domain. The recognition of biostratigraphically constrained exposure and drowning surfaces enables us to restore the regional palaeogeographic evolution along with the stratigraphic architecture. Several phases of platform progradation toward the adjacent basins, interrupted by episodes of changes in carbonate production, are identified in Provence. A comparable stratigraphic scenario is proposed for the peri-Vocontian Urgonian platforms. In Provence, the reservoir compartmentalisation of the Urgonian platform is mainly controlled by the sequence stratigraphic context that induced a distinction between early cemented carbonates and those preserving part of their original porosity. The geological rules provided in this study 1) are implemented into a 3-D numerical model intended for fluid-flow simulations at the scale of the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse karstic aquifer, whose karst spring is the fifth largest in the world, and 2) help in predicting the sedimentary and petrophysical heterogeneities of carbonate systems
Battaïa, Guillaume. "Expérimentation versus simulation du transport réactif en milieu poreux, capture des profils de concentration et évolution texturale des solides." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466764.
Full textA new type of plug flow reactor is developed. It reproduces a 1D porous medium composed of quartz and reactive solids exposed to the percolation of an aqueous phase, whose concentration profile can be captured through sampling ports. The reaction of CO₂ saturated solutions (5-8 bar) at 40-50°C with carbonate (calcite, dolomite) generates reproducible dissolution fronts migrating downstream with stationary shape. This shape evidences an increase in reactive surface area with increasing dissolution, in agreement with the observed skeletal solid textures. Diopside dissolution in acidic solutions, pH=2, 60°C, generates linear concentration profiles as predicted far from equilibrium. In the initial non-stoichiometric dissolution stage, a Si-dominated surface layer is formed. SEM data suggest an anisotropic distribution of this layer
Schuite, Jonathan. "Apports des mesures de déformation de surface et de l'inclinométrie pour la caractérisation pluri-échelle des réservoirs géologiques fracturés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S090/document.
Full textFractured geological reservoirs have an important position among the environmental and economical challenges of the 21st century. In fact, they are either associated to deep storage of fluids, like nuclear wastes and carbon dioxide, or to the production of resources that are fundamental in our society, like geothermal energy and water. Preferential flowpaths within fractured rocks are shaped by fracture networks which make the media very heterogeneous and anisotropic. It is difficult to determine their structure and physical properties as they actually depend on the network's connectivity and scale of investigation. In this thesis, we assess the informational potential of surface deformation methods, in particular surface tilt, to monitor and describe fractured reservoirs at three important scales. Indeed, surface tilt is very sensitive to deep sub-surface fluxes and thereby to the impact of main conductive structures. Firstly, we develop the methodological strategy aiming at interpreting surface tilt. Using an elastic model and through a systematic exploration of the geometrical parameter space, we observe that tilt measurements are mainly sensitive to a fault's dip and extension in the dip direction. However, this sensitivity clearly depends on the position of measurement with respect to the fault. In addition, we validate the hydrogeophysical approach by monitoring the deformation induced by the pressurization of a sub-vertical fault zone during a few hours, using continuous long-baseline tiltmeter data and spatially distributed vertical displacements from two optical leveling campaigns. The observations are successfully reproduced by a simple hydromechanical model from which we estimate the fault's storativity, in agreement with previous results obtained from different approaches. A more robust poro-mechanical model of pressure diffusion in a fault embedded in a less permeable matrix is then used to further investigate the information content of transient tilt data. Therewith, we show that surface tilt is sensitive to the mechanical properties of the fault zone and to the hydromechanical functioning of the system as a whole. Secondly, we have developed an experimental approach aiming at monitoring surface deformations generated by the pressurization of deep sub-horizontal fractures of a few meters extent. By imposing an oscillatory hydraulic load at the fractures' inlets, we are able to recognize the signature of their mechanical opening in tilt measurements. The recovered amplitudes lie around 10 nanoradians for a few centimeters of hydraulic head variations. From this we estimate fracture stiffnesses that are consistent in light of published data. Finally, we address the question of seasonal fluxes within a fractured aquifer and its link with recharge.Tilt signals are well correlated with annual head fluctuations at the study site. However, the remarkable difference is that tilt displays a phase lead of about one month with respect to piezometric levels. We interpret tilt time series with a 1D hydromechanical model and highlight the fact that the method is of interest for determining the large scale reservoir's geometry and that it is sensitive to recharge processes (local versus spread recharge, both in space and time). This novel result opens new perspectives as regards the estimation of recharge fluxes which is a major concern for water resources management. Hence, we conclude that surface tilt monitoring is a method with a strong potential to describe the properties and hydromechanical behavior of fractured media, from a few meters' scale up to several kilometers
Wietzerbin, Liliane. "Modélisation et paramétrisation d'objets naturels de formes complexes en trois dimensions : application à la simulation stochastique de la distribution d'hétérogénéités au sein des réservoirs pétroliers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_WIETZERBIN_L.pdf.
Full textAtfeh, Bilal. "Méthode des lignes de courant appliquée à la modélisation des bassins." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008599.
Full textEnciso, Cárdenas Juan José. "Estudio de las propiedades de adsorción – desorción de gases en los sistemas petroleros no convencionales en México y su aplicacion al modelo cinético de generación de hidrocarburos." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0220/document.
Full textThe main objective of this research was to conduct a study of the gas adsorption/desorption properties in unconventional reservoirs located in the north-eastern Mexico. For this, previously was carried a literature review concerning gas exploration retaking existing research works in Sabinas Basin and Chihuahua Basin (Camacho Ortegón 2009, De la O Burrola, 2013), in order to understand their behavior from the viewpoint of unconventional reservoirs. The works of these authors include models that describe the thermomechanical history of the Sabinas Basin, geological events that define the behavior of the petroleum system, its evolution and its relationship with hydrocarbon generation. To continue with the development of this project, in 2012 a sampling campaign was performed in charge of the Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM), providing a total of 50 samples divided between the Sabinas Basin and the Chihuahua Basin, for their characterization. The general characterization included: (1) immediate or primary moisture and ash analysis (2) elemental analysis (C, H, O, N, and S) for determining, (3) petrographic analysis to determine the organic matter type (4) Rock-Eval®6 Pyrolysis, to know its oil potential generation. Together, these analyzes allowed us to evaluate and select 10 samples divided between the study basins, to develop adsorption/desorption tests and interpretation of parameters affecting the adsorption process. For the Sabinas Basin, there were observed storage capacities of methane gas of 202.11 scf/ton (7.07m3/ton) to 364.76 scf/ton (10.47m3/ton), whereas for the Chihuahua basin there were presented lower capacities of sorption, with a rank from 0.84 scf/ton (0.023m3/ton) to 3.48 scf/ton (0.084m3/ton). The tests results of adsorption/desorption let us carry out an interpretation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples, that influencing in the storage capacity of gas in the kerogen. Anticipating as a general conclusion that, the gas adsorption increases with the rank/maturity. Also, it was studied the influence of the maceral composition in the process of sorption and, it was verified that the capacity of gas storage is closely related to the vitrinite content. Which led us to return to the statements of some authors (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012) who verified that the capacity of adsorption on base to COT increases in the next order: type I < type II < type III. This was attributed to the greater capacity of adsorption of the vitrinite in comparison with other macerals types. In this regard, and carrying out a thorough observation to the kinetic models, and mainly in the adsorption factors (W) proposed by the most recent version of the Software PetroMod (Type I, W=0.80), (Type II W=0.75) and (Type III W=0.68), it was found a discrepancy regarded to the bibliography reported by (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012). In this context, the results of adsorption/desorption gas of this research were retaken to make the calculation of the adsorption factor (W) to build and propose a new kinetic model applicable to the simulation process of the Software PetroMod for the hydrocarbons generation, taking into account the adsorption of the hydrocarbons produced. The new kinetic model allowed us propose a readjust to the geochemical modeling for the Sabinas basin, comparing at the same time the effect and the influence of the adsorption factors at the moment of the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons. This kinetic model through the Factor (W) results important, since it takes the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbons into the source rock, this factor evidently induces a control on the behavior of unconventional character for the source rock, thus producing a change into the expulsion balance of the hydrocarbons from the kerogen. The results obtained from the methodology, [...]
El objetivo principal de esta investigación, fue realizar un estudio de las propiedades de adsorción/desorción de gas en los reservorios no convencionales ubicados en la porción noreste de México. Para ello, se realizó previamente una revisión bibliográfica sobre la prospección del gas, retomando trabajos de investigación ya existentes para la Cuenca de Sabinas y la Cuenca de Chihuahua (Camacho Ortegón 2009, De la O Burrola, 2013), con el fin de comprender su comportamiento desde el punto de vista de los yacimientos no convencionales.Los trabajos de estos autores incluyen modelos que describen la historia termomecánica de la Cuenca de Sabinas, los eventos geológicos que definen el comportamiento del sistema petrolero, su evolución y su relación con la generación de hidrocarburos. Para continuar con el desarrollo de este proyecto, se llevó a cabo una campaña de muestreo a cargo del Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM), el cual nos proporcionó un total de 50 muestras divididas entre las cuencas de Sabinas y Chihuahua, para su caracterización. La caracterización general incluyó: (1) Análisis inmediatos o primarios de humedad y ceniza, (2) Análisis elemental para la determinación de (C, H, O, N, y S), (3) Análisis petrográfico para determinar el tipo de materia orgánica, (4) Pirolisis Rock-Eval®6 para conocer su potencial petrolífero. El conjunto de estos análisis nos permitieron evaluar y seleccionar 10 muestras divididas entre las cuencas de estudio, para desarrollar los ensayos de adsorción/desorción y la interpretación de los parámetros que influyen en el proceso de adsorción. Para la Cuenca de Sabinas, se observaron capacidades de almacenamiento de gas metano de 202.11 scf/ton (7.07m3/ton) a 364.76 scf/ton (10.47m3/ton), mientras que en la Cuenca de Chihuahua se presentaron capacidades de sorción más bajas, con un rango de 0.84 scf/ton (0.023m3/ton) a 3.48 scf/ton (0.084m3/ton). Estos resultados nos permitieron interpretar las características físicas y químicas que influyen en la capacidad de almacenamiento del gas en el kerógeno. Anticipando como conclusión general que: la adsorción del gas aumenta con el rango/madurez. También se estudio la influencia de la composición maceral en el proceso de sorción y se verificó que la capacidad de almacenamiento de gas está íntimamente relacionada al contenido de vitrinita. Esto nos condujó a retomar las declaraciones de algunos autores (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012) quienes verificaron que la capacidad de adsorción en base al COT aumenta en el siguiente orden: tipo I < tipo II < tipo III. Esto se atribuyó a que la vitrinita tiene una mayor capacidad de adsorción, en comparación con otros tipos de macerales. En este sentido se llevó a cabo una minuciosa observación a los modelos cinéticos y principalmente en los factores de adsorción (W) propuestos por la versión más reciente del Software PetroMod®12 (Tipo I, W=0.80), (Tipo II W=0.75) y (Tipo III W=0.68).Se encontró una discrepancia respecto a la bibliografía reportada por (Chalmers y Bustin, 2008; Zhang et al, 2012). Por lo que se retomaron los resultados de adsorción/desorción de gas de esta investigación para realizar el cálculo del factor (W), para construir y proponer un nuevo modelo cinético aplicable al proceso simulación del Software PetroMod®, tomando en cuenta la adsorción. El nuevo modelo cinético nos permitió proponer un reajuste al modelado geoquímico de la Cuenca de Sabinas, realizando al mismo tiempo una comparación del efecto de los factores de adsorción en el momento de la generación y expulsión de hidrocarburos. Este modelo cinético por medio del Factor (W), toma en cuenta la cantidad de hidrocarburos adsorbidos en la roca generadora, induciendo un comportamiento de carácter no convencional para la roca generadora, produciendo así un cambio en el balance de expulsión de hidrocarburos del kerógeno. [...]
Godeau, Nicolas. "Développement et application de la méthode Uranium-Plomb à la datation des carbonates diagénétiques dans les réservoirs pétroliers, et apport à la reconstruction temporelle de l'évolution des propriétés réservoir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0149.
Full textAbsolute chronological constraints on the different events and processes that have shaped the Earth constitute a major challenge in numerous realms in Earth and Environmental sciences. In particular this is the case for sedimentary basins that play a major economic role as being source of important hydrocarbon resources. The objective of this thesis is to develop absolute uranium-lead dating methodology on secondary carbonate minerals. This ubiquitous mineral phase in petroleum reservoirs testifies their complex geodynamic and diagenetic histories. In this study, several developments were implemented in order to circumvent the limits of U-Pb methodology. Innovative analysis techniques such as laser ablation coupled with SF-ICP-MS or ion probe were tested to increase the spatial resolution of the U-Pb analysis by several orders of magnitude. These methodologies coupled to the more traditional isotope dilution was successfully applied in different oil exploration context allowing to bring absolute constraints on key diagenetic events such as creation/preservation of reservoir properties or hydrocarbon migration. The results obtained during this study allowed to draw a synthetic model of the most favorable contexts for U-Pb method and gives an overview of the U-Pb dating potential to secondary carbonates applied to petroleum reservoirs