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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pier

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pier'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pier"

1

Sang, Liansheng, Jun Wang, Tiejie Cheng, Zhixing Hou, and Jueyi Sui. "Local Scour around Tandem Double Piers under an Ice Cover." Water 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071168.

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Compared to the scour around a single pier, the local scour process around tandem double piers is much more complicated. Based on laboratory experiments in a flume, we conducted the scour process around tandem double piers under an ice-covered flow condition. The results showed that when the pier spacing ratio L/D = 2 (where L = the pier spacing distance, and D = the pier diameter), the rear pier (the downstream one) will intensify the horseshoe vortex process behind the front pier, and the scour depth around the front pier will increase by about 10%. As the pier spacing ratio L/D increases, the scour depth around the front pier will gradually decrease. When the pier spacing ratio L/D = 5, sediment scoured around the front pier begins to deposit between these two piers. To initiate a deposition dune between piers, the pier spacing distance under an ice-covered condition is about 20% more than that under an open flow condition. The results also showed that the existence of the rear pier will lead to an increase in the length of the scour hole but a decrease in the depth of the scour hole around the front pier. The local scour around the front pier interacts with the local scour of the rear pier. The maximum scour depth of the scour hole around the rear pier increases first, then decreases and increases again afterward. When the pier spacing ratio L/D = 9, the scour depth around the rear pier is the least. With an increase in the pier spacing ratio, the influence of the local scour around the front pier on the local scour around the rear pier gradually decreases. When the pier spacing ratio L/D is more than 17, the scour around the front pier has hardly any influence on that around the rear pier. The scour depth around the rear pier is about 90% of that around the front pier.

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Štimac Grandić, Ivana, and Davor Grandić. "Reduction in wind force in relation to corner design of bridge piers." Engineering review 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.40.2.10.

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The effects of wind on beam bridges can be significantly reduced with careful design of deck, roadway and wind barriers, as well as with appropriate design of piers. In this paper, the influence of corner design of rectangular cross-sectional piers to total wind force on piers is investigated. The total wind force changes, due to a different corner design of rectangular cross section of piers in free standing phase, are analyzed for piers of different heights, different environments and different wind velocities. The correlation between changes in total wind force and changes in geometric properties of a pier is also shown. By rounding the corners of a pier square cross section, the total wind force on pier in free standing phase can be drastically reduced in comparison to the total wind force on sharp corner pier with a small reduction in a load bearing properties of the pier. Changes in the bridge pier environment, as well as changes in pier height and wind velocity have negligible influence on changes in reduction of total wind force due to rounding the pier corners.

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Hassan, Zahraa F., Ibtisam R. Karim, and Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur. "Effect of Interaction between Bridge Piers on Local Scouring in Cohesive Soils." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091498.

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Local scour at the piers is one of the main reasons of bridge foundation undermining. Earlier research studies focused mainly on the scour at a single bridge pier; nevertheless, modern designs of the bridges comprise wide-span and thus group of piers rather than a single pier are usually used to support the superstructure. The flow and scour pattern around group of piers is different from the case of a single pier due to the interaction effect. Reviewing the literature of local scour around bridge piers group revealed that the local scour around bridge piers group founded in cohesive soil bed was not investigated, and most of the scour studies were related to scour in cohesionless soils. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of the interaction between two in-line (tandem) circular bridge piers of variable spacings founded in cohesive soil on the local scour. A set of laboratory flume experiments were conducted under the clear-water scour condition to investigate this effect. This study is the first that investigates experimentally the scour around group of bridge piers in cohesive bed. It was found that the maximum scour depth at the upstream pier of the two in-line piers occurred at a spacing of two times the diameter of the pier, scour at the downstream pier was reduced due to a sheltering effect, the interference effect will be reduced for pier spacings larger than three times of the pier diameter. A recent pier scour equation was used to estimate the scour depths at the two in-line piers in cohesive soil and compare the estimated value with the measured scour depths in the laboratory. The comparison indicated that the proposed scour equation overestimates the scour depths at both the upstream and the downstream pier.

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Rashno, Emad, Amir Reza Zarrati, and Mojtaba Karimaei Tabarestani. "Design of riprap for bridge pier groups." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 5 (May 2020): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0007.

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Stable riprap size and optimized extension of the riprap layer around double and triple piers along the flow direction are studied experimentally. Results showed that the critical riprap failure area and stable riprap size around the first pier remain unchanged with increasing pier spacing. In addition, the largest stable riprap should always be placed in front of the first pier in comparison with the remaining downstream piers. However, by increasing the pier spacing, stable riprap size around the second and third pier increased and approached that around the first pier. A relationship was developed for designing stable riprap size in pier groups. Based on this relationship, different riprap sizes are suggested for different zones around the pier group. Experiments showed that the critical zone around the piers includes only a small area and the rest of the riprap extent area can be protected with smaller riprap stones.

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Ferregut, Carlos, and Miguel Picornell. "Reliability analysis of drilled piers in expansive soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-101.

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Heavy structures in areas with expansive soils are commonly founded on piers resting beneath the surface active zone. During construction, the piers remain essentially unloaded and are exposed to potentially high tensile stresses that can split the pier unless the pier has been adequately reinforced. In this context, uncertainties arise relative to (i) the parameters governing the load transfer from the soil to the pier, (ii) the potential heave to be expected in a "free field" condition, when the soil movements are not restricted by the pier, and (iii) the estimation of the pier capacity to resist the induced stresses. Probabilistic models to handle and to quantify these uncertain parameters are constructed and then used to compute the probability of exceeding two potential limit states: (i) vertical pier head displacement and (ii) maximum tensile stress in a cross section of the pier. The displacements are used to assess the serviceability performance of the pier, and the maximum tensile stresses are used to estimate the reliability of the pier. Key words: piers, expansive soil, reliability, probability, foundations.

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Wang, Chengquan, Zheng Qu, Yonggang Shen, Jiqing Jiang, Chongli Yin, and Yanwei Zong. "Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Segmental CFST Piers with External Energy Dissipators under Lateral Cyclic Loadings." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 6993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196993.

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In order to improve the construction efficiency of piers and reduce the local damage of piers, concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are used to precast pier segments. Aiming at the problems of the poor integrity and insufficient energy dissipation capacity of dry joint segmental assembled piers, segmental assembled concrete-filled steel tubular piers with external replaceable energy dissipators are being developed. Based on the low cyclic test of a segmental assembled CFST pier, the finite element numerical simulation model of a CFST pier is established based on ABAQUS software, and the validity of the numerical model is verified by the experimental results. The effects of the section ratio, axial compression ratio, and initial prestress on the seismic performance of piers are studied through a pseudostatic analysis. The results show that an increase in the section ratio can improve the lateral bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the pier. When the section ratio is increased to 4%, the energy dissipation capacity of a CFST pier is increased by 77.8% and the lateral bearing capacity is increased by 33.9% compared with a section ratio of 2%, but the residual displacement of the pier top also increases. With an increase in the axial compression ratio, the energy dissipation capacity of the pier is significantly improved; when the axial compression ratio is increased to 0.30, the energy dissipation capacity of CFST piers is increased by 27.5% compared with a section ratio of 0.05, the residual displacement of the pier top is reduced, and the self-resetting effect of the pier is improved. A change in the initial prestress has no effect on the energy dissipation capacity of piers. Finally, based on an analysis of mechanical theory, a formula of bending capacity suitable for this type of pier is proposed, and the error is within 10%.

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Al-Shukur, Abdul-Hassan K., and Manar Hussein Ali. "Optimum Design for Controlling the Scouring on Bridge Piers." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1904–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091381.

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The scouring around bridge pier can be considered the most important reasons of bridge failure. Therefore, we investigated by using physical models of piers and we used single pier with square collar , circular collar and interaction of two piers in laboratory channel, its width 1 m and applied three velocities (0.1, 0.08, and 0.07) m/sec. This experimental investigation was made to choose the optimum shape and location of collar of single pier and comparing it with the interaction of two piers, the results showed that both square and circular collar decrease the scour depth, but the square collar is more effective of reducing scouring and the best location at bed level for single pier, comparing the results of single pier with the interaction of two piers, the interaction of two piers without any countermeasure reduced scour depth about 58%.

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Zhang, Xianqi, Tao Wang, and Xiaobin Lu. "Influence of bridge piers shapes on the flow of the lower Yellow River." Water Practice and Technology 16, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.011.

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Abstract The shape of bridge piers across rivers is one of the significant factors that affect the backwater in the river. The study on the influence of bridge pier shapes on the flow patterns of the river is valuable to the design of the bridge and river flooding. Based on the MIKE21 Flow Model hydrodynamic model, dynamic numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of different shapes of bridge piers on water flow. The result shows that rectangular, circular and elliptical piers have a water blocking effect on the river. The flow patterns changed in local areas near the piers. Under the same flow rate, the backwater of the rectangular pier was the largest, followed by the circular piers, and the elliptical pier was the smallest. The value of backwater volume caused by the rectangular pier was 1.95 times the elliptical pier. The elliptical bridge piers basically do not change the overall flow patterns of the river, and have little effect on the river regime. This work provides a reference for the layout of river bridge piers.

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Nie, Yun Jing, Xu Yan, and Tie Ying Li. "Influence of Tie Beams of Pier on the Seismic Performance of a Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Twin-Legged Piers." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1105.

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In this paper, the influence of tie beams for piers is investigated on the dynamic characteristics and the seismic performance of a continuous rigid frame bridge with twin-legged piers. Modal analyses and the linear seismic response analyses are performed on a practical continuous rigid frame bridge with twin-legged piers with no tie beam, one tie beam and three tie beams of pier, using software Midas/civil. The findings indicate that installing tie beams of pier can increase the natural frequencies of this kind of bridge. Setting tie beams of pier is disadvantageous to the seismic performance of the bridge beam, but advantageous to improving the seismic performance of the twin-legged piers. The influence of tie beams of pier on the seismic performance on the whole structure is relevant to the pier height. These analytical results provide a reference for the seismic design and analysis of similar structures.

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Thomas, Fairl Louise, and Elizabeth A. Forys. "The Role of Fishing Piers in Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) Entanglement." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182352.

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Throughout their range, Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) are one of the most common species to become entangled in fishing gear. We surveyed four piers every other week for one year (6/2019–5/2020) in the Tampa Bay region, FL, USA, to determine frequency of pelican entanglement associated with fishing piers, and explored factors that might influence the rate of entanglement. We conducted a generalized linear model (GLM) to determine the influence that pier, pier closure due to COVID-19, time of day and season, number of anglers, and presence of human behaviors that might attract pelicans to the pier had on the number of entangled pelicans. We conducted 144 surveys and counted 3766 pelicans of which 254 (7%) were entangled. The variables significantly associated (p < 0.05) with entanglement were the pier, time of day, and pier closure status, while the number and behavior of anglers were not significant. The two piers that most significantly influenced the number of entanglements both had extensive perches within 10 m of the fishing pier. The management action most likely to reduce the number of entangled pelicans appears to be deterring pelicans from perching near piers or decreasing fishing near perching structures.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pier"

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Leung, Wai-yin Daphne. "Ferry pier at Kai Tak." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987175.

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Hardy, Alec W. "Pier Portal." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2281.

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The Pier Portal marine monitoring system is an internet controlled underwater camera that will enable students, researchers, and the general public the ability to monitor underwater marine life and ocean conditions. Installed at Cal Poly’s Center for Coastal Marine Science pier at Avila Beach, California, the camera can be commanded in real-time to raise or lower to any position between the top of the pier and the bottom of the ocean floor, while providing a live-stream video to the operator and general public. This thesis effort focused on the integration of the various subsystem components through software, and the development of an online interface to allow the remote control of the system and the ability to view the live-stream video from the camera. Missing or damaged mechanical and electrical components were successfully redesigned and replaced, and a more compact and serviceable winch and sheave system was designed and partially manufactured. A software set was written in Python, JavaScript, HTML, and IEC 61131-6 successfully connecting the system’s control server, the winch’s industrial PLC, the cameras inside the underwater pod, and the front-facing webserver. The system’s internal network has been designed to allow internal components to communicate, and to allow external users the ability to securely control the system and view the video feed. Due to campus closure in early 2020, the final system was unable to be installed and tested, however, this document contains the entire system design and the next steps required to fully implement the system.

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Jonmarker, Åsa. "Stockholm Pleasure Pier." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96518.

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This project introduces the typology of the Pleasure Pier to Stockholm. The Pier starts at Ropsten, an area in the center of the municipality´s extensive plans for The Royal Seaport (or Norra Djurgårdsstaden). The project is a study of the pier typology, how to translate an old idea to give it relevance to Stockholm today, how a structure can be integrated in the intense traffic node that Ropsten will become, and how Stockholm´s abundance of water can become more accessible without diminishing its value.

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Lauchlan, Christine Sandra. "Pier scour countermeasures." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9918629.

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Riprap is the most commonly employed countermeasure where bridge piers need to be protected against possible undermining by scour. An extensive review of available design techniques revealed a wide range of equations and proposed design procedures but no generally accepted method for riprap sizing and implementation. The aim of this study was to develop a design procedure for riprap protection at piers which can be used in most river environments. The failure mechanisms and stability of riprap layers around cylindrical and rectangular shaped piers were examined in a comprehensive experimental study. The study assessed the importance of various riprap, flow, sediment, and pier parameters. Parameters for investigation were determined by dimensional analysis and included riprap placement and arrangement. A riprap size prediction formula was developed based on an allowable maximum local scour depth of up to 20%. This equation has been incorporated in a design approach which was tested through a model study of the Hutt Estuary Bridge. The influence of various parameters on riprap stability are incorporated in the equation by way of adjustment factors. The adjustment factors, KY and KD, represent the effects of riprap placement and pier/sediment size ratio effects respectively. They were deemed the most important parameters in riprap layer performance and are therefore included in the riprap size prediction formula. Additional experiments using synthetic filters have shown their ability to eliminate local scour, however they are susceptible to failure under degrading bed conditions. Degrading bed conditions cause the riprap to subside as a layer with the downward movement of the surrounding bed. Subsidence allows the layer to withstand rapid short term degradation. However long term degradation will ultimately result in failure of the stone protection. A preliminary experimental study of the use of submerged vanes as a scour countermeasure was performed. Submerged vanes have been used previously in channel protection with much success. Results indicate that vanes with a length to height ratio greater than one can reduce the maximum local scour depth in live bed conditions by as much as 34%. Further testing is required to develop a complete design procedure.

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Waddell, Daniel Wallace McNab. "An urban pier." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53113.

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Why is it that when we come across a pier reaching out from a coast we have a desire to walk out on to it... Could it be because a pier gives us something special a place set apart, a place to view the world... Would it not be a wonderful thing to walk on an urban pier... past the surf of buildings... to an island of gardens... in an urban sea... to view the world a few steps closer... A place to glimpse where we are and where we could be.
Master of Architecture

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Barry, Clare. "From pier to modernity : architectural histories of the seaside pier, 1861-1914." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/19029/.

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The aim of this thesis is to establish the British seaside pier as a unique space of nineteenth century modernity. There is no doubt that the pier shared much in common with other new building types that were emerging in the second half of the nineteenth century, but its materiality, liminal location, spatial logic and mixed use made it a uniquely ambivalent and radical architecture. This thesis examines how our understanding of the pier has been informed by its chequered historiographic representation and suggests that through a return to the archive and an analysis informed by critical theory, we can begin to understand the cultural significance of the pier. As a result this reassessment contributes new knowledge and challenges established interpretations of the space. Whilst such a vast project is clearly beyond the scope of any single enquiry, this thesis represents an initial attempt to open the way to a new understanding of an important marginalized building and prompt us to question exclusions of difference from the architectural canon.

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Leung, Wai-yin Daphne, and 梁慧妍. "Ferry pier at Kai Tak." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31987175.

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Lawson, Troy A. "CAL POLY PIER MASTER PLAN." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2202.

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The Cal Poly Pier (Pier) Master/Facility Plan (FP) document provides the vision of the future for the Pier, a marine science research facility. The Plan facilitates project development and management of the Pier while meeting university and department research goals. Specifically, the FP document establishes goals and strategies to direct long-term development of the Pier, streamlines agency approval and permit requirements, provides context for pier management, and assists the permitting process for future development as it relates to regulatory permits and programmatic growth on the Cal Poly Pier to help meet goals of the Center for Coastal Marine Sciences (CCMS). The Cal Poly Pier is the marine field station for the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) CCMS and is one of several facilities that supports research and educational activities. The CCMS is a CSU Campus Center research organization that provides research and education activities as a part of Cal Poly’s overall mission while offering opportunities to interested parties beyond Cal Poly, such as private and public entities. The 3,057-foot long pier provides students, faculty, researchers, and other users unrivaled access to the marine environment of the Central Coast and fosters hands-on learning opportunities to progress marine research and science. The Master Plan name was changed to Facility Plan to streamline the plan approval process and to minimize the potential for errors.

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Zhang, Bibo. "Influence of pier nonlinearity, impact angle, and column shape on pier response to barge impact loading." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007280.

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Demetrius, Donald Robert. "Bridge pier scour in tidal environments." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3545.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Books on the topic "Pier"

1

Pier. Farmington, USA: Alice James Books, 2011.

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Francis, Dorothy Brenner. Pier pressure. Toronto: Worldwide, 2008.

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Spiddal pier. Belfast: Lapwing, 2009.

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Stockmans, Pier. Pier Stockmans. [Knokke-Heist]: [Cultureel Centrum Knokke-Heist], 2000.

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Palace Pier. London: Sceptre, 2003.

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Lantz, Francess Lin. Pier pressure. New York: HarperEntertainment, 2003.

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Ascough, Rob. Hunt's Pier. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Pub., 2011.

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1956-, Thompson David, Ebb Fred, Ellis Scott, and Stroman Susan, eds. Steel pier. New York: Samuel French, 1998.

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Soho Theatre + Writers' Centre., ed. Navy pier. London: Oberon, 2000.

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Lantz, Francess. Pier Pressure. New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pier"

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Gamba, Eleonora. "Decembrio, Pier Candido." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02848-4_346-1.

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Wild, Gerhard. "Pasolini, Pier Paolo." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_13494-1.

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Kleiner, Barbara. "Pier Paolo Pasolini." In Kindler Kompakt Italienische Literatur 20. Jahrhundert, 119–23. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05534-7_19.

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Gamba, Eleonora. "Decembrio, Pier Candido." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy, 981–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5_346.

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"pier." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 993. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_161446.

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"pier." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 993. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_161447.

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"pier." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 993. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_161448.

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"pier." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365171.2922.

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"PIER." In Disabled Upon Arrival, 51–71. Ohio State University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1h45mm5.6.

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"pier." In Sir Banister Fletcher Glossary. © the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and the University of London, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350122741.1001831.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pier"

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Needham, Mike, and James Collins. "The New Storstrøm Bridge – Pier Design." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0104.

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<p>The New Storstrøm Bridge in Denmark has 40 concrete piers ranging from 18 to 35m high. The piers comprise multi-faceted stems and pier heads. To simplify offshore construction a precast segmental solution was used, with a prestressed insitu pier head. The design was optimised through parametric analysis including non-linear modelling and automated calculation reporting. A modular approach maximised repetition of segments between different pier heights to enable precast construction in a factory environment prior to assembly offshore. Non-linear dynamic modelling was used to validate resistance to ship impact. Detailed analysis of the insitu joints between segments was undertaken, using headed bars to provide the required anchorages. The pier head was designed using finite element models to confirm the strut and tie behaviour and a prestress layout that minimised external pockets.</p>

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Acharya, Mahesh, Mustafa Mashal, and Jared Cantrell. "Seismic performance of a bridge pier reinforced with titanium alloy bars." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0133.

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<p>The research in this paper focuses on the use of Titanium Alloy Bars (TiABs) in concrete bridge piers located in high seismic zones. The paper discusses a new bridge pier system that incorporates both seismic resiliency and durability concepts. A large-scale bridge pier, reinforced with TiABs and spiral, is tested under quasi-static cyclic loading protocol. The results are compared against a benchmark cast-in-place pier with normal rebars and spiral under the same loading protocol. Based on the testing results, the use of TiABs in concrete piers would reduce rebar congestion up to 50%, provide adequate ductility, and would result in reduced residual displacement following an earthquake. The pier reinforced with TiABs reached higher drift ratios compared to cast-in-place pier. Furthermore, smaller flexural cracks that are likely to appear in the plastic hinge zone during moderate earthquakes are not a major concern for structural performance and durability of bridge piers reinforced with TiABs.</p>

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Liu, Chengdong, Junjie Wang, and Yanchen Song. "Dynamic behavior of an innovative replaceable pier structure under lateral impact loadings." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0453.

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<p>In order to improve the repair efficiency of bridge piers subjected to vehicle and ship collisions, an innovative replaceable pier structure based on flange connection and PBL shear connector was proposed. The finite element model of the replaceable pier and the traditional pier were developed and then validated through experimental test results. The behavior of replaceable pier and connection joint under lateral impact loading was studied based on numerical simulations. Compared with the traditional pier, it shows that the ability of new replaceable pier to resist impact loading is more favorable, and the connection component of new replaceable pier is repeatable.</p>

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Giga, Taiki, Mitsuya Nagasawa, Masahiro Hattori, Naoya Sugiyama, Kenji Tasaki, Ryoji Tokuhashi, Tatsuo Sasaki, and Koji Oniki. "Evaluation of Seismic Performance and Proposing the Reinforcement Methods for the Bridge with Rocking Piers Penetrating the Railway Platform." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0637.

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<p>Among the notable damage to the expressway in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is the collapse of bridges with rocking piers. If the hinges of the rocking piers are damaged by an unexpected earthquake, the entire bridge system may collapse because bridges with rocking piers don’t have structural redundancy. In this paper, a bridge with a unique rocking pier penetrating a railway platform is focused on. We evaluated the seismic performance of the bridge, verified the collapse process, and proposed seismic reinforcement methods. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the displacements of the rocking pier exceeded the allowable values for an extreme earthquake. We proposed a measure to suppress the displacements and building a new pier to support the superstructure so that the collapse of the rocking pier would not lead to a bridge collapse.</p>

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Jin, Yanjun, Keli Xiao, Lin Li, Aijia Zou, Xinglong Duan, Wei He, and Chongwei Yuan. "Configuration Design of Viaduct Pier in Urban Highway." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0393.

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<p>Urban highway viaduct plays an indispensable role in reducing the pressure of the urban traffic. The configuration design of the pier is very necessary which need to meet both the structural safety and aesthetic logic, especially in rapidly developing economies. Some valid principles of the pier configuration design were summarized. Based on the characteristics of urban highway viaduct pier, the reasons why the piers aesthetic design is more difficult was analysed and some methods for the configuration design was given. Based on a bridge project that is located in Chengdu, China, three configuration design schemes of piers were analysed and compared from different aspects, which reflect some emphases of the pier configuration design. The configuration design of urban viaduct pier is significant to increasing aesthetic perception and shaping the urban culture, and should be adopted by the designer</p>

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Pourahmadi, Masoumeh, and Habib Hakimzadeh. "Experimental Investigation of Local Scour Around Conical Pier." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49474.

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There are many reports about failure of bridges around the world due to scouring. This shows the importance of research on scouring and any possibility on scour protection. The method used of control of scouring around the bridge piers can be divided in two categories, namely: Direct and Indirect methods. The first method may be done by increasing the streambed resistance. This is usually done by riprap around piers. Indirect control, however, can be achieved by changing the flow pattern around a pier. The second method can be done for instance by using a collar around the pier or using a slot within the pier. Another method of the second category is to use variable section in depth. For this purpose, various slopes of conical piers are investigated in this research study. Experiments were carried out in a channel with 10 meters long, 0.3 meter wide and 0.5 meter depth, having a horizontal slope. Median size of sediment was 0.78 mm with geometric standard deviation of 1.24. The experimental results have been shown that the scour depth at conical piers decrease in compare with cylindrical ones. These observations, may partly be due to decrease in bed shear stress, which is a key parameter for the sediment transport. Therefore, from experimental data it was found that with a very mild slope on conical pier, the scour depth decreased about 15.8% when compared with the cylindrical one. For the other piers with larger slope and larger diameter on the bed, the wall side effects were appeared, however the reduction rate of scour depth was not as much as expected, compared with the first conical pier.

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Gao, Qi, Zhiqiang Wang, Tao Zhang, Xingfei Yan, and Tong Yang. "Pseudo-Static Tests of Precast Bridge Pier with Half Grouted Sleeves." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0920.

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<p>The seismic performance of precast bridge piers with half grouted sleeves is studied by quasi-static test and compared with precast bridge pier with full grouted sleeves. The main failure modes of the precast bridge pier with half grouted sleeves are concrete crushing failure at the joint of column-to- footing and bond-slip failure of the longitudinal reinforcements in the half sleeves, there is no obvious crushing and spalling of the pier concrete. The ultimate horizontal strength of the precast bridge pier with half sleeves is small and shows a rapid decline trend after reaching the ultimate strength, hysteresis loops are flat and narrow while the residual displacement is small. On the whole, the seismic performance of the precast piers connected by half grouted sleeves is weak due to the bond-slip of the longitudinal bars in the half grouted sleeves. further researches are needed for precast bridge piers with half grouted sleeves without bond-slip behaviour.</p>

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Givi, M. Hamed Besharati, Mohammad Saeid Madihi, and Habib Hakimzadeh. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of a Pier’s Shape on the Mitigation of Scouring." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49448.

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Nowadays, scouring has become an important issue in coastal engineering. Exposed to a flow, piers of different structures will continually be in danger of scouring. Thus, design of cross-sections for piers in order to produce the least turbulence in the flow passing the pier is a significant concern from hydrodynamical and structural points of view, in so far as the status quo studies concerning optimum pier cross-sections have engaged a major portion of civil engineering researches. In this study, a comparison has been made between the flat-bed scouring pattern in the vicinity of cylindrical and conical piers by investigating the flow pattern around them. Thus, 3D numerical models of flow around a cylindrical pier and conical piers with a same bed diameter as the cylindrical pier and ratios of diameter in the water surface to bed diameters of 0.75, 0.5, 0.375 and 0.25 has been developed, with the models being meshed in GAMBIT and analyzed in FLUENT. The 3D numerical model results of flow pattern around the cylindrical pier were then compared to the experimental data available. These results and data have been used to verify the results of the 3D numerical models of the present study. Consequently, the 3D numerical models of the flow around four conical piers with different slopes have been analyzed and achieved using the FLUENT software, in which specifications of the channel, flow and the software parameters have been set to be same in all models.

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Li, Wenjun, Qiang Zhou, Rujin Ma, Yongjun Li, and Siwei Liu. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Connection Structure Between the Pier and Pile Cap of Precast Concrete Bridge Piers." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0837.

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<p>The precast concrete bridge pier in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China, was used as the research object to compare the longitudinal and transverse force differences of the bridge pier and further analyze the force characteristics of the bridge pier connection structure. The refined nonlinear finite element model with the load direction and axial pressure ratio as the variation parameters was established to analyze the horizontal force-displacement curve, anchor force, shear force of notched perfobond connector, strain distribution of steel jacket and notched perfobond connector-concrete relative slip. The results show that the concrete damage, anchor bolt action, strain distribution of steel jacket and notched perfobond connector-concrete relative slip are different in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the bridge pier. The bearing capacity of large axial pressure piers is larger than that of small axial pressure piers. The compression side damage of precast piers occurs at the concrete interface above the connection device. The shear force of outer notched perfobond connector is less than that of inner notched perfobond connector.</p>

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Bennett, Jason. "The Pier." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Computer animation festival. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186015.1186092.

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Reports on the topic "Pier"

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Pevzner, Nicholas, and Sean McKay. Brooklyn Bridge Park: Pier 1 & Pier 3-4 Uplands. Landscape Architecture Foundation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31353/cs1100.

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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.

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Abraham, Joseph, Cameron Stewart, and Darren Finklea. Floating Double Deck Pier Fenders. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555164.

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Nester, Patrick. Fort Mason Center: Pier 2 Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1355218.

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Newitt, L. R. Pier differences at Ottawa Magnetic Observatory. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/225674.

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Raja, Rameez Ali, Mustafa Kilic, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, and Fei Han. Implementation Study: Continuous, Wireless Data Collection and Monitoring of the Sagamore Parkway Bridge. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317367.

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This report presents, in detail, the development and implementation of a wireless solar powered DAQ system for continuous real-time monitoring of the Sagamore Parkway Bridge using the data collected from strain gauges installed in the bridge pier and its foundation piles. The data analysis showed that there is no significant change in the load-settlement response of the bridge pier 3 years after its construction. The pile cap contribution in carrying the total load carried by the bridge pier is significant (about 20%). The hourly ambient temperature trends match with the incremental bending moments measured on the bridge pier and the piles. The daily temperature cycles also affected the load transferred between the piles within the pile group. The water level fluctuations of the Wabash River impacted the total load carried by the pier, such that a rise in water level resulted in slight drop in the total load carried by the bridge pier due to buoyant forces. The overall results of the bridge monitoring showed that the bridge has performed well since its construction.

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Lee, Eleanor, and Stephen Selkowitz. High Performance Building Facade Solutions - PIER Final Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016580.

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Seabergh, William C., and Leonette J. Thomas. Los Angeles Harbor Pier 400 Harbor Resonance Model Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298873.

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Eto, Joseph H., Joseph H. Eto, Robert Lasseter, Ben Schenkman, Dave Klapp, Ed Linton, Hector Hurtado, et al. CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed - PIER Final Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/936250.

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ZEKAI CEYLAN. WASTE PACKAGE SUPPORT AND PIER STATIC AND SEISMIC ANALYSES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778689.

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