Journal articles: 'Piezoelectric ceramic materials(PZT)'

1

Zhang, Chang Song, and Chen Jie Guo. "Analysis of PZT Piezoelectric Ceramics Based on Finite Element Softeware ADINA." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1456.

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Using traditional experiment means on piezoelectric ceramic device has certain limitations due to the complicated boundary conditions and stress situation. In this paper, the finite element model of piezoelectric ceramics in line with the experiment results was established according to piezoelectric structure field and the coupling of the electric field, deformation of representative PZT piezoelectric ceramics under the voltage was analysed in using finite element analysis software ADINA according to establishing geometric model, defining boundary conditions and materials, Coupling calculation. Consistency between simulation results and experimental results is improved and lay the foundation for the realization of the piezoelectric ceramic shapes and vibration control.

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2

Bochenek, Dariusz, Przemysław Niemiec, and Grzegorz Dercz. "The Effect of Mixed Doping on the Microstructure and Electrophysical Parameters of the Multicomponent PZT-Type Ceramics." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081996.

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This work shows the influence of admixture on the basic properties of the multicomponent PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT)-type ceramics. It presents the results of four compositions of PZT-type material with the general chemical formula, Pb0.99M0.01((Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.95Mn0.021Sb0.016W0.013)0.9975O3, where, in the M position, a donor admixture was introduced, i.e., samarium (Sm3+), gadolinium (Gd3+), dysprosium (Dy3+) or lanthanum (La3+). The compositions of the PZT-type ceramics were obtained through the classic ceramic method, as a result of the synthesis of simple oxides. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern studies showed that the obtained multicomponent PZT materials have a tetragonal structure with a P4mm point group. The microstructure of the obtained compositions is characterized by a well crystallized grain, with clearly visible grain boundaries. The composition with the admixture of lanthanum has the highest uniformity of fine grain microstructure, which positively affects its final dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In the multicomponent PZT-type ceramic, materials utilize the mixed (acceptor and donor) doping of the main compound. This dopiong method has a positive effect on the set of the electrophysical parameters of ceramic materials. Donor dopants W6+ (at positions B) and M3+ = Sm3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, and La3+ (at positions A) increase the dielectric and piezoelectric properties, while the acceptor dopant Sb3+ (at positions B) increases the time and temperature stability of the electrophysical parameters. In addition, the suitable selection of the set of admixtures improved the sinterability of the ceramic samples, as well as resulted in obtaining the required material with good piezoelectric parameters for the poling process. This research confirms that all ceramic compositions have a set of parameters suitable for applications in micromechatronics, for example, as actuators, piezoelectric transducers, and precision microswitches.

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Palmqvist, Lisa, Karin Lindqvist, and Chris Shaw. "Porous Multilayer PZT Materials Made by Aqueous Tape Casting." Key Engineering Materials 333 (March 2007): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.333.215.

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Porous piezoelectric ceramics are of interest for hydrophones and medical imaging because of their enhanced coupling with water or biological tissue due to acoustic impedance matching. Multilayer lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrates with dense and porous interlayers were produced by tape casting of aqueous PZT slips with high solids contents. The use of latex binders with low viscosity enabled addition of starch as a fugitive additive to create air/ceramic composites with ´3-3´connectivity. Microstructures, piezoelectric and mechanical properties of sintered, poled laminates were evaluated. The relative permittivity, ε33, decreased by 40% for laminates with porous interlayers compared to dense ones, whereas the relative decrease in piezoelectric longitudinal coefficient, d33, was 35%. Laminates with porous interlayers maintained 72% of their bending strength compared to dense ones.

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4

Li, Quan Lu, Jing Wu, Yin Hong Zhang, Ran Liao, Hai Xia Cheng, and Qing Qing Yang. "The Effects of Superfine Powder and Sintering Technique upon Properties and Applications of some Piezoelectric Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.3.

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This paper briefly reports on the improved properties and bettered applications of some piezoelectric ceramics (i. e. S-PZT, etc.) of ferro/piezoelectric community by means of bettering their technological process links, especial superfine grinding of powder of raw materials, and sintering technique of piezoelectric ceramics in them. These piezoelectric ceramic materials have obtained the better effect in their newly and widely applied aspects, such as, acoustoelectric transducing; electrical to mechanical to electrical transducing; acoustooptic effect; electrooptic technique, and, piezoelectric ceramics for high voltage generators, ignition and detonation purposes, and some original applications (e.g., combining the electrorheological fluids) etc.. As far as appropriate measure of the improving sintering and other technique processes in present work is concerned, they also have reference value to electronic ceramics of having similar manufacturing technological process, such as capacitor ceramics, resistance ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and oxide ceramic superconducting materials, etc..

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5

Guo, Chen Jie, and Chang Song Zhang. "Research on Properties of PZT Piezoelectric Ceramics by Finite Element Softeware ADINA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3233.

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In this paper, the finite element model of piezoelectric ceramics in line with the experiment results was established according to piezoelectric structure field and the coupling of the electric field, deformation of representative PZT piezoelectric ceramics under the voltage was analysed in using finite element analysis software ADINA according to establishing geometric model, defining boundary conditions and materials, Coupling calculation. Consistency between simulation results and experimental results is improved and lay the foundation for the realization of the piezoelectric ceramic shapes and vibration control.

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6

Rjafallah, Abdelkader, Abdelowahed Hajjaji, Fouad Belhora, Abdessamad El Ballouti, Samira Touhtouh, Daniel Guyomar, and Yahia Boughaleb. "PZT ceramic particles/polyurethane composites formalism for mechanical energy harvesting." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 89, no. 3 (March 2020): 30901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020190102.

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More recently, the ferroelectric ceramic/polymer composites have been progressively replacing ferroelectric ceramics and polymers as they combine their interesting properties. Such as high compliance of polymers and high electromechanical coupling of ferroelectric ceramics those are required for piezoelectric transducer applications. At the same time, the ferroelectric ceramic/polymer composites formalism for predicting their energy-conversion capabilities is of both academic and industrial interest. The novelty of this paper is that the electrical power harvested by the PZT/PU polarized composite has been expressed in terms of the effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of the composite via a parameter p related to the poling ratio. Besides, the parameter p, that is characterizing the PZT/PU composites with different longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients (d33), was evaluated. The other parameters of the electrical power expression were calculated using the Yamada model for the dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic constants. Finally, a good agreement was found between experience and model.

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7

Wang, Chun Huy. "Effect of Bi₂O₃ Addition on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃-Ba(Sn_0.02Ti_0.98)O₃ Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3.

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PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PZT)-based ceramics are playing a dominant role in piezoelectric materials, their evaporation of harmful lead oxide during the sintering process causes a crucial environment problem. It is necessary to search for lead-free piezoelectric materials that have such excellent properties as those found in the PZT-based ceramics. Therefore (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-based solid solutions were studied to improve piezoelectric properties. In the present study, various quantities of Bi2O3 were added into 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02Ba(Sn0.02Ti0.98)O3 (0.98NKN-0.02BST) ceramics. It was found that 0.98NKN-0.02BST with the addition of 0~4.0 wt.% Bi2O3 exhibit relatively good piezoelectric properties. For 0.98NKN-0.02BST ceramic with the addition of 1.0 wt.% Bi2O3, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp and the thickness mode kt reach 0.21 and 0.46, respectively, at the sintering of 1100oC for 3 h. The ratio of thickness coupling coefficient to planar coupling coefficient is 2.2. It is obvious that 0.98NKN-0.02BST solid solution ceramic by adding low quantities of Bi2O3 is one of the promising lead-free ceramics for high frequency electromechanical transducer applications.

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8

Lee, Sung-Mi, Chang-Bun Yoon, Seung-Ho Lee, and Hyoun-Ee Kim. "Effect of lead zinc niobate addition on sintering behavior and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramic." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 9 (September 2004): 2553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0328.

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We investigated the effect of lead zinc niobate (PZN) on the sintering behavior and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The addition of PZN improved the sinterability of PZT ceramic so remarkably, that at additions of more than 10%, the specimens were fully dense at a temperature as low as 900 °C. The phase of the PZT-PZN ceramics was affected by PZN content and the Zr/Ti ratio in the PZT. With increasing PZN content, a lower Zr/Ti ratio was required for the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Specimens with the MPB composition showed the highest piezoelectric properties; d33 = 500 pC/N, kp = 0.68, and S33 = 0.38% at 2 kV/mm.

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9

Zhao, Quanlu, Juntao Zhao, and Xiangfeng Tan. "Classification, preparation process and its equipment and applications of piezoelectric ceramic." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i1.560.

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The so-called piezoelectric ceramic is a piezoelectric polycrystal, a functional ceramic material capable of inter-converting mechanical energy and electric energy. It belongs to inorganic nonmetallic materials. So far, the most widely used piezoelectric ceramic materials have both good piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity through the substitution and doping in a wide range to adjust its properties to meet the diﬀerent needs of zirconium titanium lead (PZT) and its composite materials. Piezoelectric ceramic is also one of the prevailing piezoelectric materials, accounting for about 1/3 of the entire functional ceramic materials. It is mainly used for transducers, sensors, resonators and drives.

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10

Zhang, Q. Q., B. Wang, Q. F. Zhon, and H. F. Xing. "Photoacoustic spectroscopy of PZT piezoelectric ceramic." Ferroelectrics 154, no. 1 (April 1994): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199408017311.

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11

Bochenek, Dariusz, Przemysław Niemiec, Izabela Szafraniak-Wiza, and Grzegorz Dercz. "Comparison of Electrophysical Properties of PZT-Type Ceramics Obtained by Conventional and Mechanochemical Methods." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203301.

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In the paper, the multicomponent PZT-type ceramics with Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.94Mn0.015Sb0.01W0.015Ni0.03O3 composition have been obtained by conventional and mechanochemical methods. With conventional ceramic technology, PZT-type ceramics have been synthesized by the method of calcination powder (850 °C/4 h). Instead of this step, the mechanochemical synthesis process for different milling periods (15 h, 25 h, 50 h, 75 h) has been applied for a second batch of samples. To obtain the dense PZT-type ceramic samples, powders have been sintered by free sintering method at conditions of 1150 °C/2 h. Studies have shown that the perovskite structure of the PZT-type material is formed during mechanochemical activation of powders during the technological process at low temperature. The application of the mechanochemical synthesis to obtain the PZT-type materials also allows shortening of the technological process, and the useful electrophysical properties of ceramic samples are not reduced at the same time. The presented results have confirmed that the investigated materials can be used in microelectronic applications, especially as elements of actuators and piezoelectric transducers.

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12

Lazar, Iwona, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, Marian Pawełczyk, Michał Górny, Anna Zawada, and Krystian Roleder. "Piezoelectric and elastic properties of relaxor-like PZT:Ba ceramics." Journal of Electroceramics 40, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-018-0121-6.

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Abstract The solid solutions of PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) are the most known and widely applicable piezoelectric ceramic materials. The influence of different dopants on PZT properties has been studied for many years. Some of such compositions have revealed a behavior typical for ferroelectric relaxors. In the case of Pb0.75Ba0.25Zr0.70Ti0.30O3 ceramics (abbreviation PBZT 25/70/30), prepared by mixed-oxide processing technique elastic, it was found that macroscopic piezoelectric activity is present far above the temperature at which structural changes and maximum of permittivity occur in unpoled samples (~ 200 °C). Anomalies of the elastic and piezoelectric properties have been observed very clearly near the temperature of 152 °C. Within the temperature range of 152–220 °C, unstable piezoelectric properties have been detected due to the existence of polar micro/nano-clusters and non-trivial elastic-electric interactions between them, through the non-polar paraelectric matrix. The origin of such interactions could be lattice instabilities, dynamic change in polar cluster sizes, and fluctuations in chemical composition. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that PZT ceramics of such composition is a relaxor-like material and it is not a ferroelectric relaxor.

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13

Rafiq, Muhammad Asif, Maria Elisabete Costa, Paula Maria Vilarinho, and Ian M. Reaney. "Ferroelectric Domain Studies of KNN Single Crystals by Piezo-force and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013220.

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Piezoelectric materials find important applications in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Pb(Zrx,Ti1-x)O3 (PZT) is currently the most widely used composition for such applications but due to environmental concerns over the toxicity of lead, lead free alternative materials are required. K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) is considered as a potential lead free piezoelectric but the current generation of monolithic ceramics has inferior electromechanical properties as compared to PZT. Consequently, there is great interest in improving the piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics and various methods such as doping, hot-pressing and texturing are currently being studied. KNN single crystals like lead based single crystals have shown better electromechanical properties as compared to their ceramic counterparts. In addition, the behavior of a ferroelectric is largely dependent on its local domain response to an applied electrical or mechanical loading. Therefore, to understand better the material’s macroscopic properties, it is essential to access local ferroelectric domains behavior which collectively determines the electromechanical performance.

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14

Kang, Myeongcheol, and Lae-Hyong Kang. "Piezoelectric Characteristics of 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.45Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Ceramics with Different MnO2 Concentrations for Ultrasound Transducer Applications." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244115.

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In this study, we investigate the piezoelectric characteristics of 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.45Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PNN-PZT) with MnO2 additive (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mol%). We focus on the fabrication of a piezoelectric ceramic for use as both actuator and sensor for ultrasound transducers. The actuator and sensor properties of a piezoelectric ceramic depend on the piezoelectric strain coefficient d and piezoelectric voltage coefficient g, related as g = d/εT. To increase g, the dielectric constant εT must be decreased. PNN-PZT with MnO2 doping is synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The electrical properties are determined based on the resonant frequencies and vibration modes measured by using an impedance analyzer. The MnO2 addition initially improves the tetragonality of the PNN-PZT ceramic, which then saturates at a MnO2 content of 1 mol%. Therefore, the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient d33 steadily decrease, while the mechanical properties (Qm, Young’s modulus), tanδ, electromechanical coupling coefficient k, and piezoelectric voltage coefficient g were improved at 0.5–1 mol% MnO2 content.

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15

Zhang, Jing, Pinghua Pan, Ping Jiang, Jie Qin, and Jiansong Hu. "Electric degradation in PZT piezoelectric ceramics under a DC bias." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 27, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2020-0049.

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AbstractIn order to accurately evaluate the service life and failure mechanism of the PZT piezoelectric ceramics, the electric degradation process of the PZT ceramics with and sans doping under a DC voltage of 380V, in a surrounding environment of 90∘C and 85% RH has been investigated using a self-made device. The experimental results show that the degradation rate of the pure PZT ceramic is lower than that of ceramics with doping in the same condition. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the ceramics tend to decrease during the electric degradation. The doping increases the defects of ceramics, resulting in that the silver ion transfer from the anode to the cathode under the continuous DC bias, which can further form a metal band, increasing the conductivity, but deteriorating the service life.

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16

Bochenek, D., P. Niemiec, M. Adamczyk, R. Skulski, R. Zachariasz, B. Wodecka-Duś, and Z. Machnik. "The Multicomponent PZT-type Ceramics for Micromechatronic Applications." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0099.

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AbstractIn the paper two compositions of the multi-component PZT-type ceramics admixtures by Mn4+, Sb3+, W6+, Ni2+were presented. The ceramic powders were synthesized by the calcination of powders while their densification was carried out by free sintering method. The dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric studies and DC electrical conductivity of the multicomponent PZT-type samples were presented. The results of the multi-component ceramics predispose these type materials in micromechatronic and microelectronic applications for example as element of the actuators.

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17

Ting, Robert Y. "Piezoelectric properties of a porous PZT ceramic." Ferroelectrics 65, no. 1 (July 1985): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198508008955.

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18

Kim, So Won, Yong Jeong Jeong, and Hee Chul Lee. "Effects of Zn/Ni Ratio and Doping Material on Piezoelectric Characteristics of Pb((Zn, Ni)1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Ceramics." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3698.

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This study investigates the effects of the Zn/Ni composition ratio and doping materials on the piezoelectric properties of PZNN-PZT ceramics for the fabrication of piezoelectric ceramics with excellent characteristics. A soft relaxor was used to improve the electrical characteristics and sinterability. The ceramics were fabricated with a base composition ratio of 0.13Pb((Zn1–xNix)1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.87Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3. The columbite phase was formed by reacting NiO and Nb2O5, which have low reactivity, as the first calcination, and the columbite precursor method was applied for the second calcination with PbO. Although the pellet was produced by sintering at a relatively low temperature of 950 °C, we obtained a dense ceramic with a high density of 7.9 g/cm3 . To improve the quality factor in the composition with a Ni/(Ni + Zn) molar ratio of 0.1, the doping materials MnO2, Fe2O3, CuO, and Bi2O3 were added and their properties were confirmed. Pure perovskite phases were formed in the ceramics of all compositions and doping materials. In particular, the PZNN-PZT ceramics doped with 0.3 wt% MnO2 showed a piezoelectric coefficient of 348 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor of 0.59, mechanical quality factor of 345, and Curie temperature of 316 °C, which are excellent piezoelectric characteristics.

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Lu, Pengxian, Mankang Zhu, Dehe Xu, Wenjun Zou, Zhengxin Li, and Chunhua Wang. "Low-temperature sintering of PNW–PMN–PZT piezoelectric ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 9 (September 2007): 2410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0322.

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For low-temperature firing of Pb0.94Sr0.06(Ni1/2W1/2)0.02(Mn1/3Nb2/3)0.07(Zr0.51Ti0.49)0.91O3 (PNW–PMN–PZT) system, BiFeO3 is selected as the sintering agent. In this study, the effects of BiFeO3 addition and sintering temperature on the microstructures and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated in detail. The ceramic with 10 mol% BiFeO3 sintered at 950 °C possesses optimal microstructure and piezoelectric properties. However, with the increase of sintering temperature the lower relative density, abnormal grain growth, and secondary phase accumulated at grain boundaries are observed, which deteriorates the piezoelectric properties. For the ceramics with different BiFeO3 addition sintered at 950 °C, the densification process and the grain growth are improved by suitable BiFeO3, while the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) moving to the Ti-rich direction and the shrinkage of crystal cell occur. However, extra BiFeO3 inhabits the grain growth and introduces more cavities into the materials. Because of the microstructural changes that accompany the addition of BiFeO3 and the resulting decrease in sintering temperature, the maximum values of the piezoelectric properties are attained. By doping with 10 mol% BiFeO3, the sintering temperature of the PNW–PMN–PZT system can be lowered successfully from 1200 to 950 °C, while the excellent electric properties are kept.

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20

RICHTER, THOMAS, CARSTEN SCHUH, RALF MOOS, and ENDER SUVACI. "SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH AND TEXTURING OF LEAD-BASED PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS VIA TEMPLATED GRAIN GROWTH PROCESS." Functional Materials Letters 01, no. 02 (September 2008): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604708000204.

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In the field of high-performance piezoelectric materials, PMN-PT single crystals and textured ceramics have been attracting increased research interest for several years. On the other hand, the growth of single crystals from melt for PZT-based compositions is impossible due to its incongruent melting behavior. In order to obtain the characteristics of pure single crystal PZT as closely as possible, the PZT must be textured by secondary recrystallization of introduced seeds in a fine-grained matrix. Zirconium was therefore added to a PMN-PT-ceramic with 32 mol% PT ( Pb ( Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)0.68 Ti 0.32 O 3) in order to obtain a PMN-PZT-ceramic with 37 mol% PT and 21 mol% PZ ( Pb ( Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)0.42( Ti 0.638 Zr 0.362)0.58 O 3). Initially, the growth mechanism of (001)-oriented BaTiO 3 (BT) single crystals in those matrices was investigated. The piezoelectric single crystals were produced via a process that starts with the hot pressing of a BT single crystal in cold isostatically pressed ceramics, followed by an additional sintering step in order to achieve a secondary recrystallization. The measured growth lengths in PMN-PT and PMN-PZT matrices were up to 140 μm and 65 μm, respectively. Having developed this understanding, both ceramics were textured via the templated grain growth (TGG) process by using (001)-oriented BT templates. Sintering of templated grain bodies resulted in template growth into the matrix to produce textured ceramics with Lotgering factors up to 0.99 for both compositions. In textured samples unipolar strain s33 was enhanced by a factor of up to 1.8 compared to randomly oriented ceramics. By contrast, BT single crystal growth in an alternative PZT matrix with NdMn doping was not successful. Hence, in the present work, growth experiments in this NdMn -doped PZT were first performed using PZT fibers of similar composition as seeds. Growth of the fiber diameter of up to 100 μm was observed in that matrix.

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Zang, Chong Guang, and Xian Peng Cao. "PZT / MWNTs / EP Piezoelectric Damping Composites Conductivity and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.70.

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According to piezoelectricity and electrical conductivity theory, the ternary system piezoelectric damping composites containing piezoelectric ceramic powder (PZT) / multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) / epoxy resin (EP) were developed. Through the conductive and mechanical performance test of composites, the paper showed the piezoelectric damping energy dissipation mechanism of polymer composites. Results indicated that: the loss factor of materials would increase with the increasing of PZT content. When the content of PZT exceeded a certain value, tanδ would increase dramatically. When the content of MWNTs is 2%, tanδ reached a high value. This meant composites played the role of shock absorbing by conducting electricity from piezoelectric effect of PZT to external circuit.

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Kozielski, Lucjan, Agnieszka Wilk, Mirosław M. Bućko, and Juras Banys. "A Large Piezoelectric Strain Recorded in BCT Ceramics Obtained by a Modified Pechini Method." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071620.

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There is a strong need in the industry to develop lead-free piezoelectrics for sensors and actuators. Although these materials have become an important component of many electronic devices, it is very important for the industry to decarbonise ceramic technology, especially through the introduction of modern sintering technologies. Among the many piezoelectric compounds available, Calcium Barium Titanate (BCT) have been widely investigated because of its similar performance to lead-containing Lead Titanate Zirconate (PZT). In this paper, a modified Pechini method for obtaining ceramic Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 nano-powders is described. Deviation from the established procedure resulted in the precipitation of the solution or obtaining of a low-quality (poorly crystallized) product with numerous impurities. The samples of BCT materials were examined to find their ideal microstructures and structures; these factors were confirmed by their outstanding X-ray diffraction spectra and high piezoelectric constant values that are comparable to commercial lead-containing materials.

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Aboubakr, S., A. Hajjaji, M. Rguiti, K. Benkhouja, C. Courtois, and Y. Boughaleb. "Effect of fillers size on the dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics of a piezoelectric composite." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 81, no. 2 (February 2018): 20901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018170204.

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Recent trends in electromechanical conversion using alternative materials, have demonstrated the advantages of using piezoelectric composites for energy generation. There have been several papers on ceramic/polymer composites in which the fillers have high piezoelectric constant. Basically, the energy harvested depends on the proportion of the piezoelectric properties of composite. The fillers size within the composites is also an important criterion of the composites properties. Thus, in this paper 0–3 composites, made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic powder and polyurethane (PU) were prepared. Different sizes of ceramic grains were used: grains with average size of 10 μm, size under 80 μm and size under 100 μm. Sizes of the PZT grains was determined according to the homogenization efficiency of the composite. Piezoelectric (piezoelectric coefficient d33) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant) were investigated. They have shown an interesting improvement with the increasing grains size up to 20 pC/N and 100, respectively. In order to understand the composite behavior on the microscopic scale, a simulation was carried out by mean of a finite element method (FEM) software. Finally, an estimation of the harvested voltage was modeled according to the grains size.

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UDOMKAN, N., P. LIMSUWAN, and T. TUNKASIRI. "EFFECT OF RARE-EARTH (RE = La, Nd, Ce AND Gd) DOPING ON THE PIEZOELECTRIC of PZT(52:48) CERAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 26 (October 20, 2007): 4549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037909.

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The purpose of this research is to study the effect of doping some rare earth ions into PZT(52:48) ceramics. The ferroelectric Pb ( Zr x Ti 1-x) O 3 ceramics are well-known as piezoelectric materials for electro-mechanical transducers such as ultrasonic generator, electronic buzzer, and stress sensor, etc. The highest piezoelectric coupling coefficients as well as maximum permittivity are located near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The region of phase transition between the tetragonal and rhombohedral structures in the Pb ( Zr x Ti 1-x) O 3 ceramic shows very adoptable piezoelectric characteristics due to the phase coexistence phenomena, and exhibits a sensitivity of properties to the preparation method, the composition, the firing temperatures and the kinds of additives. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of doping La , Nd , Ce and Gd into Pb ( Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48) O 3 ceramics prepared by solid state reaction. The properties include microstructure, physical properties, dielectric constant (εr) and piezoelectric properties (kp and Qm) of undoped and La , Nd , Ce and Gd doped PZT ceramics. Several effects, such as firing temperature, grain size and dopants, on the properties of PZT were also studied. The undoped PZT ceramics with Zr/Ti at 52/48 indicated the highest εr=1969 and kp= 0.381 for La doping. Doping with La , Nd , Ce and Gd led to an improvement in the εr but a reduced Qm value. The optimum values of electric properties were found in PZT (52/48) doped La with 10.0 mol% sintered at 1200°C for 2 h.

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Kozielski, Lucjan, Malgorzata Plonska, and M. M. Bucko. "Electrical and Mechanical Examination of PLZT/PZT Graded Structure for Photovoltaic Driven Piezoelectric Transformers." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.369.

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Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic materials have gained considerable attention due to their photostriction, which is the superposition of photovoltaic and piezoelectric effects. Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) implemented in construction of Piezoelectric Transformer (PT) can be used for direct converting photonic energy to electrical one by implementing photostrictive actuators with piezoelectric generator in one graded structure of piezoelectric transformer. Possible application in electronic industry needs thoroughly electrical and mechanical characterisation of this new FGM structure constructed from the PLZT/PZT material. Measurements presented in this work reveal high electrical anisotropy of this graded structure and the Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) proved to be a method capable to present such inequality in form of well separated semicircles. Additionally, dielectric measurements demonstrated that the characteristics of the graded structure are not a simply addition of starting materials parameters but are deeply influenced by a predominantly diffusion direction. Finally, additional nano-mechanical and -electrical methods are used for clarifying the complexity of the integration process of FGMs.

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Bajpai, Parmendra Kumar. "Dielectric Relaxation Phenomena in some Lead and Non-Lead Based Ferroelectric Relaxor Materials: Recent Advances." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.233.

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Relaxors with general formula AA'BB'O3with different cationic distributions at A/B-sites have important device applications in capacitors, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, electrostrictive actuators, SAW substrates, etc. The doping or compositional changes in these ceramics can control the high electromechanical characteristics. Lead zirconate titanates (PZT) - based solid solutions exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and are widely used as actuators, transducers, ceramic filters, resonators, sensors and other electronic devices, due to their excellent piezoelectric properties. Although, there has been a concerted effort to develop leadfree piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found; most other materials that possess high dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients still contain lead ions. Dielectric relaxation in these materials is of fundamental importance. Recently, new relaxor ferroelectric materials (Pb (B1/3Nb2/3)O3types) have been reported by our group in which the dielectric relaxation character is different from that observed in typical lead based relaxors. In the first part of the review, relaxor characteristics, strategies to synthesize phase pure lead based relaxors and dielectric relaxation phenomena are presented. Deviation of the frequency dependent susceptibility from Curie-Weiss law is analysed both in terms of Gaussian and Lorentzian formalisms. Lead based ferroelectric relaxor materials, due to environmental, health and social reasons are not preferred in devices and attempts are being made to eliminate the lead content from these materials. Sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, abbreviated as NBT), is considered to be one of the excellent candidates for lead-free piezoelectric material. However, pure NBT piezoelectric ceramics are difficult to pole due to its relatively large coercive field and high electrical conductivity. Therefore, many solid solutions of NBT with other ceramics are proposed to improve the relevant properties. In the second part of the review, relaxor behaviour of newly developed solid solutions of NBT is discussed. Finally, the future scope of research on these advance materials is presented.

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Zhang, Zhong Hua, Guang Ming Cheng, Jun Wu Kan, Ping Zeng, and Jian Ming Wen. "The Influence of Multiple Piezoelectric Effects on Elastic Coefficient of Piezoelectric Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.348.

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The development of new materials and the performance improvement of existing materials become an important subject from different aspects. In this paper, based on the theoretical research results of multiple piezoelectric effects, the influence of multiple piezoelectric effects on elastic coefficient of piezoelectric ceramics is studied. Theoretical analysis indicates that it is multiple piezoelectric effects that make piezoelectrics have two kinds of elastic and they result in the decrease of elastic compliance coefficients. Experimental validation is performed through PZT-5. Experimental results show that elastic compliance coefficient grows decreased by 0.912 times.

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Kahoul, Fares, Louanes Hamzioui, and Ahmed Boutarfaia. "Structural and Electrical Properties of (1-x)Pb (Zr_yTi_1-y)O₃-xSm(Fe³⁺_0.5, Nb⁵⁺_0.5)O₃ Ceramics Prepared by Conventional Solid State Synthesis and Sintered at Low Temperature." Advances in Science and Technology 87 (October 2014): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.87.12.

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The phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of (1-x)Pb (ZryTi1-y)O3-xSm(Fe3+0.5,Nb5+0.5)O3(PZT–SFN) (with x = 2 %, 41%≤ y ≤57 %) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid state method, and effects of SFN and the Zr/Ti ratio content on the piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics were mainly investigated. A stable solid solution has been formed between PZT and SFN, and a morphotropic phase boundary of PZT–SFN ceramics is identified in the range of 51% ≤ y ≤55 %. The Curie temperature of PZT–SFN ceramics decreases with increasing at Zr/Ti ratio content. A higher εrvalue and a lower tanδ value are demonstrated for the PZT–SFN ceramics with y = 53 %. The PZT–SFN ceramics with y = 53 % has an enhanced electrical behavior of kp~ 61.2 %, Qm~ 104, εr~ 566, tanδ ~ 2.02 % and TC~ 370OC. As a result, PZT–SFN ceramics are promising candidate materials for the field of lead piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric device.

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Liu, Hong Yan, Ping Zhao, Chen Feng, and Rohit Sharma. "Cement-Sand Based Piezoelectric Smart Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.9.

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In this paper, preliminary investigation of a new cement-sand based piezoelectric composite was conducted for potential structural engineering applications. PZT ceramic powder has been incorporated into cement material to form composite smart materials in earlier studies and showed promising outcome. However, the previous studies were limited to using only PZT and cement. In this study, PZT powder mixed with cement and sand, which is more realistic in civil engineering applications. The compressive strength of the composites with different PZT volume ratios was investigated. The results showed that embed PZTs increased the strength of the composites. Modified Sawyer-Tower circuit was applied to pole the composites in order to obtain the desired electrical properties of the composites. The mechanical and electrical properties of this type of new smart material had been investigated experimentally. Through a series of MTS compression tests, feasibility of using cement-sand based PZT composite materials in civil engineering is evaluated.

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Yan, Xiaodong, Mupeng Zheng, Mankang Zhu, and Yudong Hou. "Soft and Hard Piezoelectric Ceramics for Vibration Energy Harvesting." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100907.

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The question as to which piezoelectric composition is favorable for energy harvesting has been addressed in the past few years. However, discussion on this topic continues. In this work, an answer is provided through a feasible method which can be used in selecting piezoelectric material. The energy harvesting behavior of hard (P4 and P8) and soft (P5 and P5H) lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics was investigated. The results show that the maximum piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33 and transduction coefficient d33 × g33 were obtained in P5 ceramic. Meanwhile, the power generation characteristics at low frequencies were compared by the vibration energy harvester with a cantilever beam structure. The results indicate that the energy harvester fabricated by the P5 ceramic with the maximum d33 × g33 values also demonstrated the best power generation characteristics. The results unambiguously demonstrate that the power density and energy conversion efficiency of the energy harvesting devices are dominated by the d33 × g33 value of the piezoelectric materials.

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Nicolai, Michael, Stefan Uhlig, Andreas Schönecker, and Alexander Michaelis. "Experimental Investigation of Non-Linear Behaviour of PZT Piezoceramics at Low Temperatures." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.105.

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The complex, non-linear, irreversible, hysteretic behaviour of polycrystalline ferroelectric materials is the result of domain wall motion and correlates with the phase composition of the ceramic. This paper reports on our investigation of the ferroelectric polarization of PZT ceramics in dependence of temperature in the range between -175 and 150°C. We compare five commercial piezoelectric materials used in actuator applications. The obtained data, derived correlations, and material functions are very helpful for understanding the material properties in practical applications and give input values for temperature depended numerical hysteretic models [1].

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ZHU, B. P., Q. F. ZHOU, C. H. HU, K. K. SHUNG, E. P. GORZKOWSKI, and M. J. PAN. "NOVEL LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE COMPOSITE VIA FREEZING TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSDUCER APPLICATIONS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 01 (January 2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000112.

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Novel PZT-5A ceramic-polymer composite was prepared via freezing technology. This composite exhibited good dielectric and ferroelectric behaviors. At 1 kHz, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were 546 and 0.046, respectively, while the remnant polarization was 13.0 μC/cm2 at room temperature. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt) of PZT-5A composite was measured to be 0.54, which is similar to that of PZT piezoelectric ceramic. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of PZT-5A composite was determined to be ~250 pC/N. Using this composite, a 58 MHz single element transducer with the bandwidth of 70% at –6dB was built, and the insertion loss was tested to be –29dB around the central frequency.

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Uršič, Hana, Martin Lowe, Mark Stewart, Marko Hrovat, Darko Belavič, Janez Holc, Marina Santo Zarnik, Marija Kosec, and Markys Cain. "PZT thick films on different ceramic substrates; piezoelectric measurements." Journal of Electroceramics 20, no. 1 (September 25, 2007): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9327-8.

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34

Gubinyi, Z., C. Batur, A. Sayir, and F. Dynys. "Electrical properties of PZT piezoelectric ceramic at high temperatures." Journal of Electroceramics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2007): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9364-3.

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Dabrowski, Arkadiusz, Karl Elkjaer, Louise Borregaard, Tomasz Zawada, and Leszek Golonka. "LTCC/PZT accelerometer in SMD package." Microelectronics International 31, no. 3 (August 4, 2014): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-10-2013-0052.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop the device made of low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) by co-firing both materials. In the paper, the technology and properties of a miniature uniaxial ceramic accelerometer are presented. Design/methodology/approach – Finite element method (FEM) is applied to predict properties of the sensor vs main dimensions of the sensor. The LTCC process is applied during manufacturing of the device. All the advantages of the technology are taken into account during designing three-dimensional structure of the sensor. The sensitivity and resonant frequency of the accelerometer are measured. Real material parameters of PZT are estimated according to measurement results and FEM simulations. Findings – The ceramic sensor integrated with SMD package with outer dimensions of 5 × 5 × 5 mm3 is manufactured. The accelerometer exhibits sensitivity of 0.75 pC/g measured at 100 Hz. The resonant frequency is equal to about 2 kHz. Useful frequency range is limited by 3 dB sensitivity change at about 1 kHz. Research limitations/implications – Sensitivity of the device is limited by interaction between LTCC and PZT materials during co-firing process. The estimated d parameters are ten times worse comparing to bulk Pz27 material. Further research on materials compatibility should be carried out. Practical implications – The sensor can be easily integrated into various devices made of standard electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs). Applied method of direct integration of piezoelectric transducers with LTCC material enables manufacturing of complex ceramic systems with built-in accelerometer in the substrate. Originality/value – The accelerometer is a sensor and a package simultaneously. The miniature ceramic device is compatible with surface mounting technology; hence, it can be used directly on PCBs for vibration monitoring inside electronic devices and systems.

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Yegnasubramanian, S., and H. C. Ling. "Microstructure and composition of lead-magnesium-niobate ceramics by Transmission Electron Microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174242.

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Ceramic dielectrics in the PbO-MgO-Nb2O5 based system, have been extensively investigated for their use in the capacitor industry. Effects of dopants on the dielectric properties of this class of materials have been also studied in detail in the literature. A TEM investigation of a ceramic piezoelectric material, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sintered with 3 weight% excess of PbO, revealed an amorphous boundary layer showing a higher lead content than the bulk material. A detailed SEM and TEM study of Ca and Nb doped barium titanate ceramics has been reported which unambiguously identifies the different ferroelectric domain boundaries in this class of ceramics. Compositional determination of the pyrochlore phase in a lead magnesium niobate (PMN) ceramic led to a chemical formula of Pb2Nb1.75 Mg0.25O6.62.

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Tan, Xiaoli, Hui He, and Jian-Ku Shang. "In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Electric-field-induced Phenomena in Ferroelectrics." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0213.

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High electric fields were delivered to specimens during imaging in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) chamber to reveal details of electric field-induced phenomena in ferroelectric oxides. These include the polarization switching in nanometer-sized ferroelectric domains and the grain boundary cavitation in a commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) polycrystalline ceramic, the domain wall fracture in a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystal, and the transformation of incommensurate modulations in Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr1−xSnx)1−yTiy]0.98O3 (PZST100x/100y/2) polycrystalline ceramics. In the PZT ceramic, a cavitation process was uncovered for the electric field-induced intergranular fracture. In the ferroelectric single crystal, a preexisting crack was observed to deflect and to follow a 90° domain wall, indicating the presence of severe incompatible piezoelectric strains at thedomain wall. In the antiferroelectric PZST ceramics, the electric field-induced antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transformation was accompanied with the disappearance of incommensurate modulations.

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Park, Min Young, Jae-Hoon Ji, and Jung-Hyuk Koh. "Relaxation-Related Piezoelectric and Dielectric Behavior of Bi(Mg,Ti)O3–PbTiO3 Ceramic." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092115.

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Piezoelectric and dielectric materials have attracted much attention for their functional device applications. Despite its excellent piezoelectric properties, the content of lead in piezoelectric materials should be restricted to prevent future environmental problems. Therefore, reduced lead content in piezoelectric materials with similar piezoelectric properties is favorable. In our research, piezoelectric materials with decreased lead content will be studied and discussed. Even though the lead content is decreased in Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 ceramics, they show piezoelectric properties similar to that of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based materials. We believe this high piezoelectric behavior is related to the relaxation behavior of Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–PbTiO3 (BMT–PT) ceramics. In this study, 0.62Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.38PbTiO3 ceramics were prepared by the conventional sintering process. These piezoelectric ceramics were sintered at varying temperatures of 975–1100 °C. Crystallinity and structural properties were analyzed and discussed. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis demonstrated that the optimal sintering temperature was around 1075 °C. A very high Curie temperature of 447 °C was recorded for 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics sintered at 1075 °C. For the first time, we found that the origin of the high Curie temperature, d33, and the dielectric constant is the relaxation behavior of different dipoles in 0.62BMT–0.38PT ceramics.

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39

Borzov, Petr A., Sergei E. Filippov, Vitaly Yu Topolov, Olga E. Brill, and Anatoly E. Panich. "Piezoelectric properties and related parameters of a novel 3–0-type composite." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500820.

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The piezo-active 3–0-type composite that contains the ferroelectric ceramic of the PZT type (main piezoelectric component) and corundum ceramic as a component with a large elastic stiffness is first studied within a range of small volume fractions [Formula: see text] of the corundum component. In the composite samples, almost equal volume fractions of corundum [Formula: see text] and air pores [Formula: see text]are detected at [Formula: see text], and this has no analogies among the studied 3–0-type composites. Results on the piezoelectric response, anisotropy of the piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text] and electromechanical coupling factors [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] are interpreted within the framework of models put forward, and agreement between the evaluated and experimental parameters at [Formula: see text] is observed. The studied composite can be suitable for transducer, ultrasonic and other applications.

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40

Lisnevskaya, I. V., TG Lupeiko, and KV Myagkaya. "Investigation of the influence of various factors on the dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties of 1-3, 3-1, and 1-1 multiferroic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316646170.

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Technique to fabricate magnetoelectric piezoelectric/magnetostrictive ferrite composites with 1-3, 3-1, 1-1 connectivities through binding uniformed by size and package ceramic elements was developed. Advantage of this technique is the use of piezoceramic which was previously poled under optimal conditions; this is important, because piezoelectric phase embedded in magnetoelectric composite is difficult to pole due to the high electrical conductivity of adjacent ferrite phase. The effect of piezoelectric material type, volume ratio of phases, and linear size of repeating fragment on the dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties of ν PZT + (1−ν) NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4−δ ( v – volume fraction of piezoelectric, PZT – commercial grades of lead–zirconate–titanate such as PZT-36, PZTNB-1, PZTST-2, PZTTBS-2, PZT-19) composites is studied. It is shown that, with an equal volume ratio of phases, composites based on piezoceramics with high piezoelectric voltage coefficient gij (PZT-36, PZTNB-1) exhibit the most prominent magnetoelectric coupling efficiency. Decrease in the linear size of repeating fragment lΣ also contributes to an increase in Δ E/Δ H coefficient. Given other conditions being equal, 1-1 type composites commonly exhibit the highest values of magnetoelectric coefficient. Maximal values of magnetoelectric coefficient Δ E/Δ H for 0.5 PZT-36 + 0.5 NiCo0.02Cu0.02Mn0.1Fe1.8O4−δ magnetoelectric heterostructures reach ∼500 mV/(cm·Oe) at a frequency of 1 kHz.

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41

Um, Tae-Young, Yoshimasa Kobayashi, Jinhao Qiu, Junji Tani, and Takahashi Hirofumi. "Fabrication of PZT Piezoelectric Ceramic Sheets by Doctor Blade." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 47, no. 6 (2000): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.47.674.

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42

Andryushin, Konstantin, Inna Andryshina, Lidiya Shilkina, Svetlana Dudkina, Iliya Verbenko, Larisa Reznichenko, Mihail Mazuritskiy, et al. "Thermodynamic Prehistory in the Formation of the Internal Structure of Highly Stable Ferroelectric Materials." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101897.

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We investigated and presented our results for the dependence of the characteristics of the crystalline and grain structures of the PCR-13 material (based on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) system), which was sintered in various ways, on the regulations for its preparation. The data from the microfluorescence analysis of the surface of ceramic materials were provided, which allowed us to state that micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (MICRO–XRF), supplemented by mathematical statistics, allows us to trace even small changes in the chemical composition of ceramic samples, reliably characterize the degree of surface homogeneity and provide strict mathematical conclusions related to the reproducibility of the properties of manufactured piezoelectric ceramic materials. Based on the obtained data, the optimal conditions for ceramics have been selected, which ensure homogeneity, high-density structure and reproducibility of the characteristics. This allows us to reliably use the material in frequency-selective equipment.

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Júnior, M. Henrique B., Amarilton L. Magalhães, Agliberto M. Bastos, A. Jefferson M. Sales, Daniel X. Gouveia, Alexei A. Kamshilin, Alisson da C. Ferreira, Glendo de F. Guimarães, A. Sergio B. Sombra, and J. Wally M. Menezes. "Piezoelectric ceramic sensor (PZT) applied to electric current measurements." Microsystem Technologies 25, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-3998-8.

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Okayasu, Mitsuhiro, and Tsukasa Ogawa. "Effects of loading contact on electric-power generation of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 8, no. 4 (December 2019): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-019-0331-7.

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AbstractTo better understand the generation of electric power for piezoelectric PbZrTiO3 (PZT) ceramic plate (ϕ25 mm), an attempt was made to investigate experimentally and numerically electric- power generation characteristics during cyclic bending under various loading fixtures (ϕ0–ϕ20 mm), i.e., different contact areas. Increasing the load-contact area on the PZT ceramic leads to a nonlinear decrease in the generated voltage. Decreasing contact area basically enhances the generated voltage, although the voltage saturates during loading when the contact area is less than ϕ5 mm. A similar voltage is generated for ϕ0 and ϕ5 mm, which is attributed to strain status (ratio of compressive and tensile strain) and material failure due to different stress distribution in the PZT ceramic. On the basis of the obtained electric generation voltage, suitable loading conditions are clarified by loading with the ϕ5 mm fixture, which generates a higher voltage and a longer lifetime of the PZT ceramic. From this approach, it is appeared that the area contact with the area ratio of 0.04 (ϕ5 mm/ϕ20 mm) is suitable to obtain the high efficiency of the electric voltage.

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45

Eichhorn, Franziska, Simone Kellermann, Ulf Betke, and Tobias Fey. "Phase Evolution, Filler-Matrix Interactions, and Piezoelectric Properties in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-Filled Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs)." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071520.

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PZT-silsesquioxane-based 0-3 hybrid materials are prepared by mixing lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3; PZT) powder with a [R-SiO3/2]n (R = H, CH3, CH=CH2, C6H5) silsequioxane preceramic polymer. A PZT load up to 55 vol.% can be reached in the final composite. The piezoelectric and mechanical properties are investigated as a function of the filler content and are compared with theoretical models and reference samples made of the pure preceramic polymer or PZT filler. The piezoelectric response of the composites, as expressed by the relative permittivity and the piezoelectric coefficients d33 and g33, increases with an increasing PZT content. The bending strength of the composites ranges between 15 MPa and 31 MPa without a clear correlation to the filler content. The thermal conductivity increases significantly from 0.14 W∙m−1∙K−1 for the pure polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) matrix to 0.30 W∙m−1∙K−1 for a sample containing 55 vol.% PZT filler. From X-ray diffraction experiments (XRD), specific interactions between the filler and matrix are observed; the crystallization of the PDC matrix in the presence of the PZT filler is inhibited; conversely, the PDC matrix results in a pronounced decomposition of the filler compared to the pure PZT material.

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46

Jia, Yong Hui, and Jia Xiao Heng. "Structure of Smart Materials and its Application in Construction Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.26.

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In this paper, the piezoelectric ceramic crisp, poor water resistance, resistance to external load capability is not strong lack of self-designed package more perfect a new type of "smart piezoelectric aggregate", to better address the PZT film resist unfavorable load , vulnerability and durability issues and other aspects; and further superior characteristics of piezoelectric smart sensing and drive integration of theoretical analysis, modeling, numerical calculations, mechanical analysis and experimental research; on this basis, based on the pressure and Experimental Research aggregate electric smart sensor / driver structural health monitoring and damage detection algorithm, the theoretical basis for the realization of the transition from the pilot study engineering applications to provide the experimental basis and technical support.

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Gao, Xiangyu, Jingen Wu, Yang Yu, Zhaoqiang Chu, Huaduo Shi, and Shuxiang Dong. "Giant Piezoelectric Coefficients in Relaxor Piezoelectric Ceramic PNN-PZT for Vibration Energy Harvesting." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 30 (May 27, 2018): 1706895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706895.

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Nechibvute, Action, Albert Chawanda, and Pearson Luhanga. "Finite Element Modeling of a Piezoelectric Composite Beam and Comparative Performance Study of Piezoelectric Materials for Voltage Generation." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (September 18, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/921361.

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A comparative study of the traditional PZT ceramics and new single crystals is critical in selecting the best material and optimization of transducer design for applications such as conversion of ambient vibrations into useful electrical energy. However, due to material and fabrication costs and the need for rapid prototyping while optimizing transducer design, primary comparisons can be based on simulation. In this paper, the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element package was used to study the direct piezoelectric effect when an external load is applied at the free end of a piezoelectric composite beam. The primary output parameters such as electric potential and electric field were studied as a function of the input strain and stress. The modeling is presented for the relatively new single crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN32) and three different lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT-5A, PZT-5H, and PZT-4). Material performance was assessed by using a common geometry and identical excitation conditions for the different piezoelectric materials. For each material, there are three analyses performed, namely, static, eigenfrequency, and transient/time-dependent analysis. Comparative results clearly suggest that the new crystal material PMN32 is capable of outperforming presently useing piezoelectric ceramics for voltage generation.

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Debéda, Hélène, Maria-Isabel Rua-Taborda, Onuma Santawitee, Simon Grall, Mario Maglione, U.-Chan Chung, and Catherine Elissalde. "The Role of Sacrificial and/or Protective Layers to Improve the Sintering of Electroactive Ceramics: Application to Piezoelectric PZT-Printed Thick Films for MEMS." Ceramics 3, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics3040038.

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Piezoelectric thick films are of real interest for devices such as ceramic Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) because they bridge the gap between thin films and bulk ceramics. The basic design of MEMS includes electrodes, a functional material, and a substrate, and efforts are currently focused on simplified processes. In this respect, screen-printing combined with a sacrificial layer approach is attractive due to its low cost and the wide range of targeted materials. Both the role and the nature of the sacrificial layer, usually a carbon or mineral type, depend on the process and the final device. First, a sacrificial layer method dedicated to screen-printed thick-film ceramic and LTCC MEMS is presented. Second, the recent processing of piezoelectric thick-film ceramic MEMS using spark plasma sintering combined with a protective layer approach is introduced. Whatever the approach, the focus is on the interdependent effects of the microstructure, chemistry, and strain/stress, which need to be controlled to ensure reliable and performant properties of the multilayer electroceramics. Here the goal is to highlight the benefits and the large perspectives of using sacrificial/protective layers, with an emphasis on the pros and cons of such a strategy when targeting a complex piezoelectric MEMS design.

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Guan, Xin Chun, Hui Li, Hui Gang Xiao, Guo Fu Qiao, and Jin Ping Ou. "Development of some Smart Sensors for Monitoring Civil Infrastructures." Advances in Science and Technology 83 (September 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.9.

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In this paper, some smart sensors or material used to make the smart sensors, such as piezoresistance composite, piezoelectric polymer, piezoelectric cement and corrosion monitoring sensor, developed by Harbin Institute of Technology were introduced. Piezoresistance composite is made with carbon nanotube and resin, one character of the work is the carbon nanotube is orientation arranged by magnetic field. Piezoelectric polymer is made with PZT particles and PVDF, in order to improve its performance a few carbon nanotube are also mixed in the composite. Piezoelectric cement is one kind of sensing material whose primary raw materials are cement and piezoelectric ceramic particles (or fiber). The sensing performance of piezoelectric cement is coming from its functional phase, the piezoelectric ceramic. The corrosion monitoring sensor is made with solid-state reference electrode, whose surface is one kind of binary alloy membrane produced with physical vapor deposition technology. The main producing technology, performance and applications of above sensors were introduced in this paper.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Piezoelectric ceramic materials(PZT)'

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