Relevant bibliographies by topics / Piezoelectric Patches- a

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Piezoelectric Patches- a'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Piezoelectric Patches- a"

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Sharma, Sukesha. "Piezoelectric sensor voltage variation with different adhesives at elevated temperature." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (2022): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012056.

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Abstract Piezoelectric sensors and actuators are used in various applications. They have electromechanical properties. Electric voltage is generated when strain is applied on them and vice versa. These patches can be used at cryogenic temperatures as well as elevated temperatures according to different applications. Piezoelectric patches are pasted on the surface of the structure to sense the vibrations. Different adhesives can be used to paste piezoelectric patches on the structure. In this paper, two different Adhesives, Araldite and Cyanoacrylate are used to paste piezoelectric patches. Two
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Hai, Tran Thanh. "Static repair of multiple cracked beam using piezoelectric patches." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 43, no. 2 (2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/15976.

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This paper addresses the problem of repairing multiple cracked beams subjected to static load using piezoelectric patches. First, the problem is formulated and solved analytically for the case of two cracks that results in ratio of restoring moments produced by employed piezoelectric patches. Since the ratio is dependent only on crack positions but not their depth, the result obtained for case of two cracks has been extended for the case of multiple cracks. This proposition is then validated by finite element simulation where repairing piezoelectric patches are replaced by mechanical moment lo
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Jafari Fesharaki, Javad, and Sa’id Golabi. "Optimum pattern of piezoelectric actuator placement for stress concentration reduction in a plate with a hole using particle swarm optimization algorithm." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 4 (2014): 614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214538617.

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This paper focuses on pattern recognition of the best position of piezoelectric patches around the hole in a plate under tension to attain the maximum reduction in stress concentration factor. For this purpose, using particle swarm optimization algorithm, the area and the best location of piezoelectric patches are investigated and the optimum pattern recognition around the hole is presented. Then, the effect of increasing the area of piezoelectric patches and voltage on stress concentration reduction are investigated for all percentage area of piezoelectric patches. To confirm the results, by
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Jafari Fesharaki, Javad, Hamed Mobini Dehkordi, Mohadeseh Zohari, and Said Karimi. "Best pattern for locating piezoelectric patches on a plate for maximum critical buckling loads, using particle swarm optimization algorithm." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 14 (2018): 2874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781030.

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Locating piezoelectric patches on structures under compressive forces as a sensor or actuator can predict or increase the buckling load of the structure. In this article, using particle swarm optimization algorithm, the location and pattern of piezoelectric patches on a plate to achieve maximum buckling load are investigated. For boundary condition of the plate, four different conditions are considered. The piezoelectric patches have more effect on critical buckling load for Clamp-Free condition and less effect for Clamp-Clamp condition. The voltage of patches has a linear effect on increasing
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Panda, Satyajit. "Performance of a short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator in vibration control of functionally graded circular cylindrical shell." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 27, no. 20 (2016): 2774–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16641219.

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For improved flexibility and conformability of piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite actuator, it is reconstructed in a recent study by the use of short piezoelectric fibers (short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite) instead of continuous fibers (continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite). This modification facilitates its application in short piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite layer form instead of continuous piezoelectric fiber–reinforced composite patch form particularly in case of host structures with highly curved boundary surfaces. But the corresponding change in
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Wang, Shuai, Fei Zhao, Bo Zhou, and Shifeng Xue. "Modeling mechanical behavior of distributed piezoelectric actuators for morphing wing applications." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 17, no. 6 (2021): 1093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2021-0069.

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PurposeA distributed piezoelectric actuator (DPA) improving the deformation performance of wing is proposed. As the power source of morphing wing, the factors affecting the driving performance of DPA were studied.Design/methodology/approachThe DPA is composed of a substrate beam and a certain number of piezoelectric patches pasted on its upper and lower ends. Utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material, the DPA transfers displacement to the wing skin to change its shape. According to the finite element method and piezoelectric constitutive equation, the structure model
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Araújo, Aurélio L., and José F. Aguilar Madeira. "Optimal passive shunted damping configurations for noise reduction in sandwich panels." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 13-14 (2020): 1110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320910542.

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This article addresses the issue of vibration and noise reduction in laminated sandwich plates using piezoelectric patches with passive shunted damping. A finite element implementation of a laminated sandwich plate with viscoelastic core and surface bonded piezoelectric patches is used to obtain the frequency response of the panels. The sound transmission characteristics of the panels are evaluated by computing their radiated sound power using the Rayleigh integral method. Resistor and inductor shunt damping circuits are used to add damping to the sandwich panels. The optimal location of the s
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Shen, Chuan Liang, Da Xue Wang, and Ye Han. "The Experimental Research on Piezoelectric Vibration Control for the Simplified Autobody Beam Structure." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.353.

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The numerical simulation and experimental method are adopted to analyze the piezoelectric vibration control of the simplified autobody beam structure. The autobody beam structure is simplified as a beam fixed at both ends. The finite element model of beam structure with piezoelectric patches is established. The static analysis and modal analysis is conducted by the piezoelectric analysis of the finite element analysis software. The proportional and proportional-derivative control methods are studied in the piezoelectric active vibration control analysis for the simplified beam structure. The e
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Serhane, Hanane, Kouider Bendine, Farouk Benallel Boukhoulda, and Abdelkader Lousdad. "Numerical analysis based on finite element method of active vibration control of a sandwich plate using piezoelectric patches." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 24, no. 1 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2020-0005.

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AbstractAn active method of vibration control of a smart sandwich plate (SSP) using discrete piezoelectric patches is investigated. In order to actively control the SSP vibration, the plate is equipped with three piezoelectric patches that act as actuators. Based on the classical plate theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches on the mass and stiffness of the sandwich plate was developed to derive the state space equation. LQR control algorithm is used in order to actively control the SSP vibration. The accuracy of the present model is t
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Cao, Huong, Mahmoud Karimi, Paul Williams, and Paul Dylejko. "Vibration control of a cantilever plate immersed in water using shunted piezoelectric patches." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022778.

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Minimizing structural vibrations is an important engineering requirement in many applications. This study theoretically investigates the vibration control of an in-water cantilever plate using piezoelectric patches and resonant shunt circuits (including a resistance R and an inductance L in series or parallel). To do this, an analytical model for predicting the point-forced vibration response of a fluid-loaded cantilever plate with two piezoelectric patches is developed. The electromechanical coupling factor and optimum values for R and L are then estimated by considering the dynamics of the s
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Piezoelectric Patches- a"

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BARROS, LUIS PAULO FRANCO DE. "PIEZOELECTRIC PATCHES MODELING FOR COMPOSITE BEAMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1998. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26509@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Esta dissertação trata da modelagem dos esforços transmitidos por atuadores piezoelétricos, colados ou embutidos em vigas compósitas laminadas. O trabalho é motivado por aplicações na área de materiais e estruturas inteligentes. Em particular, procura-se avaliar o comportamento de diferentes teorias aproximadas nas faixas de médias e altas frequências, quando os comprimentos de onda podem ser da ordem da espessura da viga. Nestes casos, teorias tradicionais de vigas deixam de representar com acuracidade a resposta dinâmica de estr
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Hariri, Mohammed, and not supplied. "Control of Structures Using SMA Wires and Piezoelectric Patches." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091001.154507.

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Smart materials and structures systems are increasingly being developed to handle more complex problems. One of the main research schemes is the augmentation of the control authority of the smart actuators used in such systems. The augmentation can be obtained by constructing hybrid and multi- smart materials actuator systems and/or by the optimization of the location and orientation of those actuators. In the first part of this study, the alteration of the natural frequency of composite structures using Nitinol-based Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires will be presented using the analyses of stra
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Li, Kaixiang. "Structural vibration damping with synchronized energy transfer between piezoelectric patches." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735788.

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Advanced materials such as carbon fiber, composite materials et al. are more and more used in modern industry. They make the structures lighter and stiffer. However, they bring vibration problems. Researchers studied numerous methods to eliminate the undesirable vibrations. These treatments are expected to be a compact, light, intellectual and modular system. Recently, a nonlinear technique which is known as Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) technique was proposed. These techniques synchronously switched when structure got to its displacement extremes that leading to a nonlinear voltage on the
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Beck, Benjamin Stewart. "Negative capacitance shunting of piezoelectric patches for vibration control of continuous systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45850.

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The ability to reduce flexural vibrations of lightweight structures has been a goal for many researchers. A type of transducer-controller system that accomplishes this is a piezoelectric patch connected to an electrical impedance, or shunt. The piezoelectric patch converts the vibrational strain energy of the structure to which it is bonded into electrical energy. This converted electrical energy is then modified by the shunt to influence to mechanical response. There are many types of shunt circuits which have demonstrated effective control of flexural systems. Of interest in this work is the
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Mollenhauer, David Hilton. "Induced strain of actuation of surface bonded and embedded piezoceramic patches." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040237/.

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Florens, Corine. "Modeling of the viscoelastic honeycomb panel equipped with piezoelectric patches in view of vibroacoustic active control design." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545422.

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Active control has often been considered for low frequency control of noise radiated by trim panels inside aircraft or helicopter cabins. Trim panels are usually made of honeycomb core sandwich because of their high strength to mass ratio. Active control techniques applied to honeycomb panel have not always given results as good as expected and this thesis aims to understand these limitations based on validated mechanical models of the active panels. For the modeling of honeycomb panels, the main difficulty is to estimate equivalent properties for the core. A numerical homogenization procedure
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Rocha, Téo Lenquist da 1979. "Attenuation of noise and vibration using piezoelectric patches and dissipative shunt circuits = Atenuação de ruído e vibração utilizando pastilhas piezoelétricas e circuitos elétricos dissipativos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265941.

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Orientador: Milton Dias Júnior<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T08:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_TeoLenquistda_D.pdf: 5484630 bytes, checksum: 40d5122ff01ee4077957ffbc79369379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Ruído em um veículo é geralmente causado pela vibração de vários componentes. Por exemplo, vibrações causadas pelo motor podem causar vibração de um painel levando a ruído no interior da cabine. O controle de tal ruído e vibração pode ser conseguido através da aplicaçã
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Castano, Cano Davinson. "Design of Multi-Axis Resonant Force/Torque Sensor for Robotics." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2089.

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Les capteurs de force / couple au poignet utilisés dans les applications robotiques augmentent les performances et la flexibilité des tâches automatisées. Ils offrent également de nouvelles possibilités dans le processus de fabrication, où un contact physique entre la pièce et l'environnement est requis. La large diffusion de ces capteurs est pour le moment limitée par leurs caractéristiques. En guise d'alternative aux capteurs de force existants dans le jeu de contraintes, notre travail présente une structure composite résonante, sensible aux multiples composantes de la force prises en compte
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Raju, Vinod. "Implementing Impedance - Based Health Monitoring." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35657.

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This work is an experimental study of applying an impedance-based health monitoring technique to complex structures. The work is presented in three parts. In the first part we consider effects of the following three factors on damage detection abilities: actuator excitation level, test wire length and ambient conditions (temperature, structural loading and vibration). It was concluded that increasing the applied voltage improves the signal to noise ratio and damage detection abilities. Test wire lengths under 30m do not affect damage detection abilities. The technique is able to distinguish an
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Anusha, Anisetti. "Non-linear Shunting of Piezo-actuators for Vibration Suppression." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1208834134.

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Books on the topic "Piezoelectric Patches- a"

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J, Berman, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Piezoelectric patch sensors for structural integrity monitoring of composite-upgraded masonry and concrete structures. US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Piezoelectric Patches- a"

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Elahi, Hassan, Marco Eugeni, and Paolo Gaudenzi. "Electromechanical Degradation of Piezoelectric Patches." In Analysis and Modelling of Advanced Structures and Smart Systems. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6895-9_3.

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McCarthy, J. M., A. Deivasigamani, S. Watkins, S. J. John, and F. Coman. "Energy Harvesting from Flows Using Piezoelectric Patches." In Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications 2. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6877-6_6.

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Wang, Zengqing, Haifeng Wang, and Zhengyu Xie. "Active Vibration Control of Cylindrical Structures Using Piezoelectric Patches." In The Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Energy Storage and Intelligent Vehicles (ICEIV 2022). Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1027-4_95.

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Quaegebeur, Samuel, Ghislain Raze, Li Cheng, and Gaëtan Kerschen. "Realization of a Virtual Acoustic Black Hole with Piezoelectric Patches." In Sensors & Instrumentation and Aircraft/Aerospace Testing Techniques, Volume 8. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34938-6_11.

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Sloss, J. M., J. C. Bruch, S. Adali, and I. S. Sadek. "An Integral Equation Approach for Velocity Feedback Control Using Piezoelectric Patches." In IUTAM Symposium on Smart Structures and Structronic Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0724-5_41.

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Kim, Y., K. Tschöke, L. Schubert, and B. Köhler. "Mode Switchable Guided Elastic Wave Transducer Based on Piezoelectric Fibre Patches." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9199-0_70.

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Ghazaryan, Karen, Samvel Jilavyan, Davit Piliposyan, and David Aznaurov. "Band Gaps of Metastructure with Periodically Attached Piezoelectric Patches and Internal Hinges." In Solid Mechanics, Theory of Elasticity and Creep. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18564-9_8.

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Larbi, Walid, Jean-François Deü, and Luciano Pereira da Silva. "Design of Shunted Piezoelectric Patches Using Topology Optimization for Noise and Vibration Attenuation." In Applied Condition Monitoring. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41459-1_3.

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Sadek, Ibrahim S., John C. Bruch, James M. Sloss, and Sarp Adali. "Integral Approach for Velocity Feedback Control in a Thin Plate with Piezoelectric Patches." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0371-0_33.

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Gencoglu, Caner, and H. Nevzat Özgüven. "Optimal Placement of Piezoelectric Patches on a Cylindrical Shell for Active Vibration Control." In Topics in Modal Analysis, Volume 7. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6585-0_65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Piezoelectric Patches- a"

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Shen, N. W., X. F. Zhang, and H. Li. "Diagonal Piezoelectric Sensor on Cylindrical Shells Excited by Piezoelectric Actuator." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66545.

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A model of piezoelectric sensor based on cylindrical shell is designed in this paper. In this model, a rectangular piezoelectric patch is diagonally attached on the thin cylindrical shell as the sensing patch. To evaluate the output of sensing signal, the model is driven by piezoelectric actuator. Sensing and actuating mechanisms are formulated, and the governing equations are derived. To evaluate the contributions of strain components, the sensing signal is decomposed into six components. It is shown that the signal components vary with the orientation angles of sensing patches, so is the tot
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Doaré, Olivier, Sébastien Michelin, Miguel Pineirua, and Yifan Xia. "Flow Energy Harvesting With Piezoelectric Flags." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23867.

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In this article, energy harvesting with a fluttering cantilevered plate covered by piezoelectric patches in an axial flow is adressed. A theoretical model is presented which is then discretized and numerically integrated to perform a parametric study of the energy harvesting efficiency of the system. When one, two or three piezoelectric patches cover the plate, the optimal distributions of the patches that maximize the efficiency are obtained. Experimental results are presented, which are in good agreement with the model. When a significantly high number of patches of small size are considered
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Duffy, Kirsten P., Benjamin B. Choi, Andrew J. Provenza, James B. Min, and Nicholas Kray. "Active Piezoelectric Vibration Control of Subscale Composite Fan Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68639.

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As part of the Fundamental Aeronautics program, researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are investigating new technologies supporting the development of lighter, quieter, and more efficient fans for turbomachinery applications. High performance fan blades designed to achieve such goals will be subjected to higher levels of aerodynamic excitations which could lead to more serious and complex vibration problems. Piezoelectric materials have been proposed as a means of decreasing engine blade vibration either through a passive damping scheme, or as part of an active vibration control syst
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Tajeddini, Vahid, and Anastasia Muliana. "Nonlinear Deformations of Cantilever Beams With Piezoelectric Patches." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39688.

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One of the common structures of smart compliant systems is in the form of slender beams, which have the ability of undergoing large deformations due to non-mechanical stimuli. In this study, large deformations of cantilever beams having piezoelectric patches are investigated. The nonlinear kinematics relation of finite beams reported by Reissner (1972) is adopted. The electric field inputs are applied through the thickness of the piezoelectric patches in order to induce curvature changes. Analytical solutions of the governing equations of the deformations of the electro-active beams under actu
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Zhang, Jingjun, Ercheng Wang, and Ruizhen Gao. "Neural Network Predictive Control for Piezoelectric Smart Structures." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59094.

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The piezoelectric smart structure is a force-electric coupling structure, and piezoelectric patches can not be patched ideally, so it is difficult to build the accurate mathematical model of piezoelectric smart structure. The traditional vibration control methods depend on the structural mathematical model, and the control result is unsatisfactory. Considering this problem, this paper introduces the nonlinear generalized predictive control algorithm based on neural network predictive model into piezoelectric smart structure. Because of the difficulties of building the mathematical model and ex
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Hariri, M., S. John, and P. Trivailo. "Control of Structural Flutter Using Piezoelectric Patches." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-405.

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Aero-elasticity is a major concern in aerospace field. It resultes from the interaction between the air-stream and the structure. Wing flutter is a well known problem of the aero-elasticity. It which occurs when the two lowest system eigenvalues (plunge and pitch motion) coalesce at a certain air speed known as the flutter speed. The increasing use of active material induced-strain actuation such as piezoelectric materials in suppression of structural vibrations has seen its extension to wing flutter control. Higher flutter speed and hence, a wider operating envelope was achieved by delaying t
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Li, X., K. C. Chuang, H. Li, and H. S. Tzou. "Modal Energy Transduction of a Cylindrical Shell Laminated With a Segmented Piezoelectric Layer." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63037.

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Energy transduction between the mechanical and electric effects has been evaluated over the years. Energy harvesting based on the direct piezoelectric effect using the curvature structures is a new endeavor in engineering applications. This study focuses on energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations through a simply supported circular cylindrical shell laminated with segmented piezoelectric energy harvester patches. The voltages (or modal signals) induced by the modal strains of the piezoelectric patch due to the direct piezoelectric effect can be further converted to modal energies. Spatial
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Jovanova, Jovana, Filip Dobrivojevski, and Martina Dimoska. "Design of Bio-Inspired Mobile Robot Using Piezoelectric Transducers As Drives." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3819.

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This paper focuses on the design and development of a bio-inspired mobile robot using piezoelectric transducers as drives. The design of the device aimed to imitate the trajectory movement of a crawl-like animal. Design constraints as producing controlled movement with piezoelectric transducer, as well as the combination of multiple piezoelectric patches into one mobile robot are presented in their practical aspects. The robot uses 2 piezoelectric transducers as main drives, but also as main structural components of the device. The patches are connected with a thin light rod, and the kinematic
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Agneni, Alessandro, Franco Mastroddi, and Gian Mario Polli. "On Modeling of Piezoelectric Patches in Aeroelastic Vibrations." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33619.

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A procedure for the analysis of the effectiveness of shunted piezoelectric devices in increasing passive damping on aeroelastic systems is presented. The proposed methodology is based on the description of aeroelastic systems composed by a flexible fixed-wing in a linear potential flow bonded with several piezo-electric devices in order to achieve a selective control of critical aeroelastic modes. The aeroelastic application has shown the capability of improving the stability margin and reducing the response amplitude in the parametric operative range of the system assigned in term of flight s
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Hu, S. D., H. Li, and H. S. Tzou. "Evaluation of Ring-Type Energy Harvesters." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48137.

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Piezoelectric materials can be used as electromechanical conversion mechanisms to transfer ambient vibration into electrical energy to power electronic devices. In this study, an elastic ring laminated with a piezoelectric layer on the inner surface is utilized as the basic structure for energy harvesting. The piezoelectric layer is uniformly segmented into several energy harvesting patches for practical applications. The generated electrical energy resulting from modal voltages is analyzed under the open-circuit condition. Two modal energy generations are evaluated: one is the energy induced
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