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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

1

Karaiskos, Grigoris, Sébastien Flawinne, Jean Yves Sener, and Arnaud Deraemaeker. "Design and Validation of Embedded Piezoelectric Transducers for Damage Detection Applications in Concrete Structures." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.805.

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Current maintenance of concrete civil infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, dams and highways, is based on scheduled inspection consisting in visual and/or local inspection techniques (i.e. acoustic/ultrasonic methods, radiography, eddy-current methods). A major trend in the field is the development of automated on-line monitoring systems. The current study is focused on the use of ultrasonic wave propagation techniques based on embedded piezoelectric transducers for the on-line monitoring of the damage state in concrete. The technique is based on the use of an ultrasonic emitter-receiver pair and the construction of a damage indicator focused on the early wave arrival. The proposed simple monitoring system is implemented during several pull-out tests on concrete blocks. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the system which is able to detect the initiation and follow the evolution of the cracking until complete failure.

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Zhang, Xu, Jiang Cheng, Gongzhe Qiu, Jun Tu, XiaoChun Song, and Chen Cai. "Shear horizontal circumferential wave EMAT design for pipeline inspection based on FEM." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209405.

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The electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is widely used in In-Line Inspection of gas pipeline. However, the transduction efficiency of the EMAT transmitter is lower compared with the traditional piezoelectric transducer and needs improving. To enhance the amplitude of the received signal, an improved periodic-permanent-magnet EMAT is provided as well as its construction method to generate shear horizontal guided waves propagating in the circumferential direction. By designing a racetrack coil and magnetic array with the same radian of the annular pipeline, the EMAT is more suitable to generate the circumferential wave in the pipeline. The performance of the EMAT transmitter has been assessed with the validated finite element model.

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WANG, Q., N. WU, and S. T. QUEK. "ACOUSTIC WAVE IN PIEZOELECTRIC COUPLED PLATES WITH OPEN CIRCUIT." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 02 (June 2010): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003476.

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An accurate modeling of the piezoelectric effect of coupled structures is essential to application of piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators in engineering structures, such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems and Interdigital Transducer for health monitoring of structures. This paper presents a simulation for the shear horizontal wave propagation in an infinite metal plate surface bonded by a piezoelectric layer with open electrical circuit, with focus on the dispersion characteristics of a metal core bonded by a layer of piezoelectric material to be used in health monitoring of structures. The dispersive characteristics and mode shapes of the deflection, electric potential, and electric displacement of the piezoelectric layer are theoretically derived. The results from numerical simulations show that the phase velocity of the piezoelectric coupled plate approaches the bulk-shear wave velocity of the substrate at high wavenumbers. The mode shapes of electric potential and deflection of the piezoelectric layer with steel substrates change from a shape with few zero nodes to one with more zero nodes at higher wavenumbers and with thicker piezoelectric layer. For the coupled plate with gold substrates at higher wavenumbers, the electric potential is found to jump from null at the interface of the piezoelectric layer and the substrate to a constant at the surface of the piezoelectric layer along the thickness direction. These findings are useful to the design of sensors using the piezoelectric coupled structures.

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Luo, Ying, and Zi Ping Wang. "Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of OPCM Array Transducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 83 (July 2011): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.83.109.

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Orthotropic piezoelectric compose material (OPCM) is used as functional material for a new OPCM array transducer which can be applied in a wide range of fields such as natural gas, power industry, aero-space, and other non-destructive evaluation fields. The development of ultrasonic array transducer is still in the initial stages and it can be strongly enhanced by using design tools. The transducer is designed by flat construction and composed of backing layer, OPCM array element and protective layer. A procedure and a specific constitutive model are presented in this work together with simulation of OPCM element transducer of general array parameters and matching layer thickness. Models are required for the design and fabrication of OPCM array transducer. Also the properties of frequency, impedance, directivity and relative sensitivity distribution are measured from calibration experiment. The OPCM array transducer is excited by voltage and the corresponding sensitivity analysis is presented. To frequency and impedance, the experimental results show that the bandwidth is increased and the effects of side and grating lobe are reduced by using the matching layer. The OPCM array transducer has orthotropic performance. This special performance can be used to actuate and sense the stress wave in special direction.

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Fusiek, Grzegorz, and Pawel Niewczas. "Photonic Voltage Transducer with Lightning Impulse Protection for Distributed Monitoring of MV Networks." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174830.

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The design, construction and characterization of a photonic voltage transducer with a lightning impulse protection for distributed measurements on medium voltage (MV) networks (11 kV) was presented in this paper. The sensor prototype, comprising a combination of a piezoelectric transducer and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) as a core optical sensing element, and a dedicated lightning protection device comprising a set of reactive components, was evaluated through laboratory testing and its performance was assessed based on the accuracy requirements specified by the relevant industry standards. It was demonstrated that the sensor has the potential to meet the accuracy requirements for the 3P protection and 0.2 metering classes specified by the IEC 60044-7. The device successfully underwent lightning impulse withstand tests, satisfying the safety requirements applicable to 11 kV networks as specified by the standard. The usage of an FBG as a photonic sensing component enables the multiplexing of multiple such sensors to provide the distributed measurement of voltage along a power network.

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Sikorski, Wojciech. "Active Dielectric Window: A New Concept of Combined Acoustic Emission and Electromagnetic Partial Discharge Detector for Power Transformers." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010115.

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The detection and location of partial discharge (PD) is of great significance in evaluating the insulation condition of power transformers. This paper presents an active dielectric window (ADW), which is a new concept of combined acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic PD detector intended for assembly in a transformer’s inspection hatch. The novelty of this design lies in the fact that all structural components of an ultrasonic transducer, i.e., the matching and backing layer, an active piezoelectric element with electrodes, and electrical leads, were built into a dielectric window. Due to the fact that its construction was optimized for work in mineral oil, it is characterized by much higher sensitivity of PD detection than a general-purpose AE sensor mounted outside a transformer tank. Laboratory tests showed that the amplitude of the AE pulses generated by creeping discharges, which were registered by the ADW, was around five times higher on average than the pulses registered by a commonly used contact transducer. A possibility of simultaneous detection of acoustic and electromagnetic pulses (with an integrated ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna) is an important advantage of the ADW. It allows for an increase in the reliability of PD detection, the accuracy of defect location, and the effectiveness of disturbance identification. This paper describes in detail the applied methods of designing and modeling the ADW components, the manufacturing process of the prototype construction, and the results of preliminary laboratory tests, in which the detector’s sensitivity as well as the efficiency of the PD source location were evaluated.

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Hossack, J. A., and R. L. Bedi. "Design of Composite Piezoelectric Transducers." Key Engineering Materials 92-93 (February 1994): 301–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.92-93.301.

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Ruiz, David, José Carlos Bellido, and Alberto Donoso. "Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Modal Transducers." Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 25, no. 2 (November 18, 2016): 313–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11831-016-9200-5.

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Donoso, Alberto, and José Carlos Bellido. "Robust design of multimodal piezoelectric transducers." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 338 (August 2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2018.04.016.

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Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli, and Noboru Kikuchi. "Design of piezoelectric transducers using topology optimization." Smart Materials and Structures 8, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/8/3/307.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

1

Larson, Gregg D. "The analysis and realization of a state switched acoustic transducer." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16008.

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Liu, Qingli 1973. "Development and application of integrated and flexible transducers." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116018.

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Health monitoring of aeronautic structures and human beings is becoming crucial because of the human safety issues. In this thesis integrated (IUTs) and flexible ultrasonic transducers (FUTs) have been developed using a sol-gel spray piezoelectric film fabrication technology. IUTs can be fabricated directly onto the structures with curved surfaces even on-site. FUTs were made using membrane substrates of thickness less than 75 mum. In-situ monitoring of AI airframe thickness was carried out and the thickness measurement accuracy was better than 36 mum and 41 mum for IUT and FUT, respectively. The thickness of the ice on top of the AI airframe was also measured. Two crucial piezoelectric constants d33 and d31 of the composite film were measured with laser interferometer and optical coherence tomography system, respectively. Pulse and breath of a human being were also monitored using flexible piezoelectric membrane sensors. In addition, bones in human body were observed using FUTs as well and their performance is comparable to that of commercial ultrasonic transducers.

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Sivapurapu, Abhishek. "Piezoelectrically-Transduced Silicon Micromechanical Resonators." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7478.

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This thesis reports on the design and fabrication of micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) resonators on silicon that are piezoelectrically-transduced for operation in the very high frequency (VHF) range. These devices have a block-type or beam-type design, and are designed to resonate in their in-plane and out-of-plane bulk extensional modes. Two piezoelectric materials were taken into consideration, zinc-oxide (ZnO) and lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT). The resonators are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers and the metal/piezo/metal stack of layers forming the device is built and patterned on the device layer silicon via photolithography techniques, RF sputtering (for the piezo-layer) and electron-beam evaporation (for the metal layers). The designing aspect involved ANSYS simulations of the mode-shapes and estimation of frequencies, and these have correlated well with experimental results. Devices with RF sputtered ZnO were successfully fabricated and tested to give high quality factors at reasonably high frequencies. A gold ground plane was implemented to reduce the feed-through level and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Extensive characterization of PZT was also done as a replacement for ZnO, as the former material has a much higher piezoelectric coefficient (~20X that of ZnO) and can therefore extend the operation of these MEM resonators into the UHF range. Although the basic design of the device remains the same, incorporation of PZT complicates the process flow considerably with respect to the chemistry now involved with the patterning of different layers. The frequency response for ZnO-based resonators as well as all the characterization data for PZT has been reported.

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Hayward, Gordon. "Modelling and design of 1-3 piezoelectric composite transducers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366880.

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Qin, Lei. "Development and application of cement-based piezoelectric composite in concrete behavior monitoring /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202008%20QIN.

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O'Leary, Richard Lewis. "An investigation into the passive materials utilised within the construction of piezoelectric composite transducers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405537.

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Devaraju, Vadivel Lewin Peter A. "Design, development and characterization of wideband polymer ultrasonic probes for medical ultrasound applications /." Philadelphia : Drexel University, 2003. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1721.1/95.

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Fu, Yao, and n/a. "Design of a hybrid magnetic and piezoelectric polymer microactuator." Swinburne University of Technology. Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060712.141636.

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Microsensors and microactuators are considered to be the most crucial elements of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and devices. There has been growing interest in the development of new microactuator technologies with an increasing requirement for low cost microswitch arrays providing large air gap and large force at the same time. In particular, large air gap/large force microactuators are essential for high voltage switching in automobile electronics, test equipment switchboards and in network remote reconfiguration. The necessity to reduce the size of actuators and at the same time increase the force and the air gap has placed severe constraints on the suitability of current microactuator technology for various applications. This has led to the development of new actuator technologies based on novel materials or modifying existing systems. As an effort in this direction, this thesis presents the details of the work on the design, fabrication and testing of a new hybrid microactuator, combining electromagnetic and piezoelectric actuation mechanisms. The design and fabrication of electromagnetic actuators using planar coils and a soft magnetic core has long been established. However, in many instances these designs are constrained by difficulties in the fabrication of the multi layer planar coils, which is tedious, often resulting in a low yield. Hence device performance is limited by the maximum coil currents and thereby the maximum force able to be generated. In order to overcome these problems, a hybrid actuator combining the electromagnetic system along side of a piezoelectric actuation is proposed. This has been demonstrated to assist in enhancing the total force and consequently achieving larger actuator displacements. In this research a hybrid microactuator with a footprint of 10 mm2 was designed, fabricated and tested. It can generate 330 쎠force and cover 100 쭠air gap as a microswitch. Piezoelectric actuation has been used for many applications, due to its high precision and speed. In these applications, piezo-ceramic materials, such as PZT and ZnO were commonly used because they exhibit large piezoelectric coefficients. However, there are also some difficulties associated with their use. Piezoelectric ceramic materials are usually brittle, and have a relatively large Young?s modulus, thus limiting the achievable strain. Furthermore, the deposition technologies required for preparing thin/thick films of these ceramic materials need extensive optimization. Patterning these films into required structures is also difficult. Hence, piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is chosen in this work in spite of the fact that these materials have relatively lower piezoelectric coefficients. However, the low numerical Young?s modulus values of these polymers facilitates large strain in the piezoelectric actuators. The hybrid microactuator designed in this work comprises a piezoelectric composite polymer cantilever with a planar electromagnetic coil structure beneath. The composite cantilever consists of polarized piezoelectric polymer PVDF with an electroplated permalloy layer on one side. The device includes a permalloy core at the centre of a copper micro coil with a permanent magnetic film attached on the other side of the silicon wafer (substrate) and is aligned axially with the permalloy core. The cantilever is suspended from an electroplated 150 mm high nickel post. Initially the principle was tested using hand wound electromagnetic coils with permalloy wire as the core. The performance of such a hybrid actuator was evaluated. In the next stage, a microactuator was fabricated using completely planar micro technologies, such as high aspect ratio SU-8 lithography, laser micromachining, microembossing, as well as copper and permalloy electroplating. This micro device was designed by modelling and finite element method simulation using ANSYS 7.1 and CoventorWare electromagnetic and piezoelectric solvers respectively. This helped in understanding the critical aspects of the design at the same time leading to the determination of the optimum parameters for the cantilever, micro coils and the core. An analytical model has also been developed to validate the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis. The devices were tested and the experimental data obtained were compared with the simulation results obtained from both the finite element calculations and from the analytical model. Good agreement was found between the experimental results and the simulation.

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Hopkinson, David P. "Development of stress gradient enhanced piezoelectric composite unimorph actuators." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16372.

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McCray, Thomas Wade. "Construction and characterization of removable and reusable piezoelectric actuators." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063342/.

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Books on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

1

Stansfield, D. Underwater electroacoustic transducers: A handbook for users and designers. Bath: Bath University Press, 1990.

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2

Wilson, Oscar Bryan. An introduction to the theory and design of sonar transducers. Washington, D.C: Naval Sea Systems Command, 1985.

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Wilson, Oscar Bryan. An introduction to the theory and design of sonar transducers. [Washington, D.C.?]: Naval Sea Systems Command, 1985.

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Transducers and their elements: Design and application. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Khazan, Alexander D. Transducersand their elements: Design and application. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Bazhenov, Alexander A. Design of knock sensors and piezoaccelerometers. Arlington, Va: Futurepast, 2002.

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Wittstock, Volker. Piezobasierte Aktor-Sensor-Einheiten zur uniaxialen Schwingungskompensation in Antriebssträngen von Werkzeugmaschinen. Zwickau: Wissenschaftliche Scripten, 2007.

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Bieńkowski, Adam. Magnetosprężyste zjawisko Villariego w ferrytach i możliwości jego wykorzystania w budowie przetworników naprężeń i sił. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, 1995.

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Jensen, Jørgen Arendt. A high-precision transducer measurement system. Lyngby, Denmark: Electronics Laboratory, Electronics Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 1988.

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Venugopal, Vijay. Smart materials and its applications [sic]: A feasability [sic] study of using piezoelectric devices in diesel engine applications. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

1

Fleming, Andrew J., and Kam K. Leang. "Piezoelectric Transducers." In Design, Modeling and Control of Nanopositioning Systems, 17–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06617-2_2.

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Di Paolo Emilio, Maurizio. "Piezoelectric Transducers." In Microelectronic Circuit Design for Energy Harvesting Systems, 47–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47587-5_5.

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Eyraud, L. "The Material for Piezoelectric Power Transducers." In Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design, 10–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73263-8_3.

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Wilson, O. B. "Power Limitations of Piezoelectric Length Expander Transducers." In Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design, 3–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73263-8_2.

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Gonnard, P., P. Champ, and L. Eyraud. "Characterization of Piezoelectric Ceramics for High Power Transducers." In Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design, 25–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73263-8_4.

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Hamonic, B. "Application of the Finite Element Method to the Design of Power Piezoelectric Sonar Transducers." In Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design, 143–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73263-8_10.

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Li, Gang, Zhihong Li, Yufeng Jin, Yilong Hao, Dacheng Zhang, and Guoying Wu. "Design and Simulation of Capacitive, Piezoresistive and Piezoelectric Triaxial Accelerometers Using a Highly Symmetrical Quad-Beam Structure." In Transducers ’01 Eurosensors XV, 304–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59497-7_72.

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Salinet, J. L., and E. T. Costa. "Design and Construction of Transmission and Reception Circuits for Ultrasound Multi-element Transducers." In IFMBE Proceedings, 693–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03879-2_194.

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Mehrl, D. J., H. H. Lin, A. Korpel, and R. F. Vogel. "DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF APODIZED PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS." In Ultrasonics International 87, 426–31. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-02348-1.50072-x.

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G. Paulish, Andrey, Peter S. Zagubisalo, Sergey M. Churilov, Vladimir N. Barakov, Mikhail A. Pavlov, and Alexander V. Poyarkov. "Piezo-Optical Transducers in High Sensitive Strain Measurements." In Optoelectronics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94082.

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New piezo-optical sensors based on the piezo-optical effect for high sensitive mechanical stress measurements have been proposed and developed. The piezo-optical method provides the highest sensitivity to strains compared to sensors based on any other physical principles. Piezo-optical sensors use materials whose parameters practically not change under load or over time, therefore piezo-optical sensors are devoid of the disadvantages inherent in strain-resistive and piezoelectric sensors, such as hysteresis, parameters degradation with time, small dynamic range, low sensitivity to strains, and high sensitivity to overloads. Accurate numerical simulation and experimental investigations of the piezo-optical transducer output signal formation made it possible to optimize its design and show that the its gauge factor is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the gauge factors of sensors of other types. The cruciform shape of the transducer photoelastic element made it possible to significantly increase the stresses in its working area at a given external force. Combining compactness, reliability, resistance to overloads, linearity and high sensitivity, in terms of the all set of these parameters, piezo-optical sensors significantly surpass the currently widely used strain-resistive, piezoelectric and fiber-optic sensors and open up new, previously inaccessible, possibilities in the tasks of measuring power loads.

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Conference papers on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

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Meng, Guangtian, Artur J. Jaworski, T. Dyakowski, J. M. Hale, and N. M. White. "Investigation of Heterogeneous Mixtures With Dual-Modality Transducers Fabricated Using Thick-Film Technology." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58570.

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The work presented in this paper focuses on development of a dual modality sensor, for deployment within an oil and gas extraction plant to measure the composition of oil-water mixtures. The sensors combine ultrasonic and electrical measurement techniques. These are of course non-destructive, rapid, and can potentially provide an on-line industrial measurement. In addition, the combination of two techniques could potentially be reliable in a wider range of process conditions and could contain self-calibration features. The sensors used in the current study were manufactured using thick-film technology, which enables construction of multilayered structures of both conductive and non-conductive layers, some of which may exhibit piezoelectric properties for ultrasonic measurement purposes. These are later fired on a ceramic substrate to provide rugged sensors, capable of working in aggressive industrial environments. Experiments were conducted for mixtures of vegetable oil and saline water to investigate the feasibility of such dual dual-modality sensors. The time of flight of ultrasonic wave in pure liquids and heterogeneous mixtures was measured. It has been shown that the signal obtained from the transducers is sufficiently strong to warrant the measurement of the speed of sound in heterogeneous mixtures of oil and water. A study of the effects of oil concentration and temperature on the speed of sound has been conducted. A mathematical model has been tested, which relates the speed of sound to the volume fraction taking into account the reflection and refraction on the droplet interfaces. The experimental results subjected to linear regression agree very well with the theoretical predictions. The electrical measurement was conducted at three different frequencies. In general, the values of capacitance and conductance decrease with increasing oil percentage. In the middle oil percentages a discontinuity occurs in the decreasing trend. In the high oil percentages, the experimental results agree very well with theoretical predictions.

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Hameed, M. Saqib, Zheng Li, and Kaihong Zheng. "Damage Size Estimation for Composite Laminates Based on an Anisotropic Wavefront Expression." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23549.

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Abstract A Multistage Elliptical Parametric (MEP) method is developed in this research for damage size evaluation in anisotropic composite laminates. The Lamb waves are actuated and sensed using piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) transducers arranged as a network of square cells. The dynamic response signals are processed using a continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) based on the Gabor wavelet for accurate time of flight (ToF) measurements. A numerical method is developed for the construction of non-elliptic path loci for each actuator-sensor pair. The damage is localized first using the least squares method, and then the damage edge points are located on each non-elliptic path loci as points which have the minimum distance from the damage location. The MEP method based on the damage edge points is implemented in multiple stages for damage size evaluation in a cross-ply laminate. Each stage is designed on the basis on excitation of specific prearranged transducers inside the square cell. The results indicate that the MEP method can quantitatively estimate the size of an elliptical damage in cross-ply laminates.

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Spencer, Don, Ron Ryan, Blaine Stockwood, and Trevor Harris. "Development and Validation of Panels to Measure Slamming Forces." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24286.

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Ocean conditions have changed over the years, with severe and extreme wave generation occurring more frequently, resulting is larger loads and motions for offshore fixed and floating structures to contend with. It is not known exactly why ocean conditions are growing more severe, but we know that any structure being considered for offshore operations has to be designed to handle larger loads then in the past. Wave slamming, either directly or through run up is an area of growing concern with the offshore industry. During these slamming events the local forces can exceed the strength of the structural plating or the internal frames resulting in structural damage. It is often difficult to predict where these slamming events will occur, therefore large areas are required to be instrumented in order to capture these slamming events during model experimentation. Commercial pressure transducers are typically 5 mm in diameter, which corresponds to full-scale areas of approximately 0.05 m2 or less depended on the scale factor. Thus to cover a large area effectively, a large number of transducers are required. Alternatively a smaller number of larger devices such as force panels with areas of 8 m2 can be used. This area corresponds to the typical area that internal framing would experience slamming loading. This paper describes the design and development iterations of Oceanic’s model-scale force panels and their applications on modeled offshore structures such as FPSO’s, FLNG’s, and GBS’s. A major advancement in construction of these force panels has been achieved through the use of in-house 3D printing technology to produce complex components. The paper also presents results from controlled slamming experiments to validate the force panels with respect to piezoelectric pressure sensors and a theoretical slamming model based upon potential flow. Finally, the paper describes the transition from above water installation of the panels to submersion installation and the implementation of the inverse Duhamel analysis to remove the interference due to submerged panel dynamics from the measured response.

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McKenzie, E. A., T. G. Bobick, and D. M. Cantis. "Design of Testing Apparatus to Evaluate the Strength of Guardrail Systems." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59575.

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Fall-related occupational injuries and fatalities are serious problems in the U.S. construction industry. An important sub-set of falls-to-lower-level incidents is when workers fall through openings or surfaces, including skylights. OSHA regulations require that holes (openings) in roofs must be protected by a guardrail or cover, or nearby workers must use personal fall-arrest systems. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV has initiated a pilot project to evaluate the effectiveness of guardrail systems. Two commercially available edge-protection products were evaluated as guardrails around a roof opening. Installation methods for the two edge-protection products, which have not been designed to be used as guardrails for openings, are compared to job-built guardrails constructed of two-by-four lumber. To evaluate how well the commercial products comply with existing OSHA regulations as a guardrail, an experimental hypothesis and a laboratory-based testing system were developed. OSHA regulations require that a force of at least 200 pounds shall be supported by the top rail of the guardrail system. The governing variable is the 200-pound force. This was generated by using a weighted rescue dummy mounted on a specially designed hinged steel frame. Adjusting the fall distance of the dummy, a dynamic 200-pound force was generated in the middle of the top rail. To evaluate the overall strength of the guardrail systems, a hydraulic testing apparatus was designed. Combining a hydraulic cylinder and pump, with a piezoelectric force transducer, a pull-to-failure (PTF) test apparatus was developed. This system was designed to pull the guardrail systems in the same direction in which the test dummy fell. Maximum PTF forces were recorded for both commercially available products and then compared with the job-built systems.

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Wu, Lixiang, Xuyuan Chen, Gaofeng Wang, and Qifa Zhou. "Design of dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers." In 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2019.8926100.

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Dev, Kapil, Vibhu Vivek, Babur Hadimioglu, and Yehia Massoud. "Analytical modeling and design of ring shaped piezoelectric transducers." In 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2011.6122266.

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Rubio, Wilfredo Montealegre, Flavio Buiochi, Julio C. Adamowski, Emílio Carlos Nelli Silva, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Numerical and Analytical Design of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Transducers." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896900.

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Grosh, Karl, Yuan Lin, Emilio C. Nelli Silva, and Noboru Kikuchi. "Design of fluid-loaded piezoelectric transducers for acoustic power considerations." In 5th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Vasundara V. Varadan. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.316313.

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Lewin, P. A., and M. E. Schafer. "Design of Piezoelectric Polymer Transducers for Time Delay Spectrometry Applications." In IEEE 1987 Ultrasonics Symposium. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1987.199054.

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Dmuchoski, Michael P., and William W. Clark. "Design and analysis of an electromechanical filter with piezoelectric transducers." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Daniele Inaudi and Eric Udd. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484255.

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Reports on the topic "Piezoelectric transducers – Design and construction"

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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Evaluation of Geosynthetics Use in Pavement Foundation Layers and Their Effects on Design Methods. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-025.

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This report presents findings of a research effort aimed at reviewing and updating existing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) specifications and manuals regarding the use of geosynthetic materials in pavements. The project consisted of three tasks: evaluate current IDOT practice related to the use of geosynthetics; review research and state of the practice on geosynthetics applications, available products, design methods, and specifications; and propose recommendations for geosynthetic solutions in pavements to modernize IDOT’s practices and manuals. The review of IDOT specifications revealed that geotextiles are the most used geosynthetic product in Illinois, followed by geogrids. Several of IDOT’s manuals have comprehensive guidelines to properly design and construct pavements with geosynthetics, but several knowledge gaps and potential areas for modernization and adoption of new specifications still exist. Based on the review of the available design methods and the most relevant geosynthetic properties and characterization methods linked to field performance, several updates to IDOT’s practice were proposed. Areas of improvement are listed as follows. First, establish proper mechanisms for using geogrids, geocells, and geotextiles in subgrade restraint and base stabilization applications. This includes using shear wave transducers, i.e., bender elements, to quantify local stiffness enhancements and adopting the Giroud and Han design method for subgrade restraint applications. Second, update IDOT’s Subgrade Stability Manual to include property requirements for geogrids, geotextiles, and geocells suitable for subgrade restraint applications. Third, establish proper standards on stabilization, separation, and pumping resistance for geotextiles by incorporating recent research findings on geotextile clogging and permeability criteria. Fourth, promote the use of modern geosynthetic products, such as geotextiles with enhanced lateral drainage, and fifth, elaborate on proper methods for construction/quality control measures for pavements with geosynthetics.

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