Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Piézoélectricité'
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Sène, Abdou. "Modélisation asymptotique de plaques : contrôlabilité exacte frontière, piézoélectricité." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004849.
Full textWeller, Thibaut. "Etude des symétries et modèles de plaques en piézoélectricité linéarisée." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011243.
Full textà la classification des symétries du phénomène de couplage piézoélectrique
linéaire; on se focalise ensuite sur la dérivation de modèles de plaques,
toujours dans le cadre de la piézoélectricité linéarisée. On obtient ainsi
des résultats qui permettent de présenter des propriétés de solides
piézoélectriques relatives au matériau, à la structure ainsi qu'à leurs
interactions.
Les trois premiers Chapitres concernent les symétries. On rappelle d'abord
que ces dernières peuvent être de différentes natures. Ensuite, les outils
qui permettent de les appréhender et de les lier entre elles sont présentées.
Les divers outils utilisés conduisent alors au principal résultat de la
première partie : la classification des symétries du phénomène de couplage
piézoélectrique linéaire en quinze familles distinctes.
Dans les deux derniers Chapitres, on obtient des modèles de plaques
linéairement piézoélectriques à l'aide d'une méthode mathématique rigoureuse
consistant à étudier le comportement d'un solide tridimensionnel lorsque son
épaisseur, vue comme un paramètre, tend vers zéro. Dans le cas statique, il
apparaît deux modèles différents. Ils dépendent en fait du type de chargement
électrique et sont reliés aux cas pour lesquels les plaques piézoélectriques
sont utilisés comme capteurs ou comme actionneurs. Les cinématiques limites
sont précisées et les deux lois de comportement sont explicitement fournies
pour tous les types de matériau constitutif. Dans le cas dynamique, on montre
que c'est l'ordre de grandeur du rapport entre l'épaisseur et la densité de
la plaque qui joue un rôle déterminant.
Certon, Dominique. "Propagation acoustique dans les matériaux piézo-composites périodiques de connectivité 1-3 appliqués aux transducteurs ultrasonores." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3325.
Full textScortesse, Jean. "Moteurs et micromoteurs piézoélectriques : réalisation, étude de matériaux électroactifs, transport de liquide." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESAA004.
Full textWalter, Vincent. "Caractérisation et modélisation électromécanique de dépôts de couches épaisses PZT sérigraphiées sur substrat d'alumine : application au contrôle de forme et à l'amortissement actif d'un bimorphe." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESAA002.
Full textRochdi, Karima. "Etude, commande et applications du translateur piézo-électrique en basses tensions." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2015.
Full textThere was a need of miniaturized actuators and motors for a long time according to the increasing miniaturization of products (watches, cameras, computers). This led a lot of laboratories to put effort in the research of devices answering to this need. Various micromotors were developed and they were classified in rotary micromotors and linear micromotors. This thesis deals with the analysis and the control of a piezoelectric sliding system, an ultrasonic linear micromotor measuring 64 x 38 x 3 mm3. It has three degrees of freedom X, Y and q. The Displacements result from intermittent contacts (jumps followed by contacts and slips) between four feet (propelled by standing waves) and the frame. The study deals with the behavior under low voltage and in environment that is not constrained. A static and dynamic analysis according to usual parameters of standing waves ultrasonic motors (frequency and amplitude of the voltage, carried load) for all elementary displacements showed the nonlinear behavior of the system and the coupling between its different displacements. It also allowed to confirm the great potentialities of the system concerning the transport and the positioning : loads of about 500 g, micrometer resolution step, speed of 20 mm/s, unlimited stroke. Then, a static look-and-move closed loop control was developed, where the motor was controled step-by-step. It allowed a positioning of two levels of resolution : coarse positioning far from the target (step lower than 20 æm) and fine positioning near the target (step lower than 5 æm). The programming of this control low allowed to obtain straight longitudinal and transverse displacements with a positioning error about 2. 5 æm (limited by the resolution of localization method). Finally, some realizations of holonomic mobile and planar microrobots motorized by the sytem were presented. They were used for the transport and the positioning of miniaturized components in a microassembly workcell
Seveyrat, Laurence. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films épais piézoélectriques sérigraphiés sur alumine, silicium, aciers inoxydables et vitrocéramiques." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe work deals with the processing by screen-printing of ferroelectric thick films with thicknesses around tens microns, and their dielectric and piezoelectric characterization. These thick films can be used for microsystems applications. The use of other substrates instead of alumina needs to modify the process: convenient electrode and barrier layers must be found, and the sintering temperatures must be lowered by the addition of sintering aids. As a consequence lead titanate fims are made on glassceramics and stainless steels, with properties close to the bulk ceramic ones and PZT 52/48 films on silicon with good d33 (150 pC/N) and kt (0. 45) coefficients. Kt is estimated with the help of plane wave models equations. Some differences between the thick films and the bulk ceramics, and between different types of materials, are shown off and discussed
Nianga, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement asymptotique des plaques minces en piézoélectricité linéaire." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-166.pdf.
Full textDelzenne, Pascale. "Piézoélectricité et microstructure dans des polymères ferroélectriques : PVF2 et P(VF2-F3E)." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10033.
Full textLacour, Olivier. "Influence de la piézoélectricité sur l'absorption du son dans les milieux composites." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10058.
Full textMartin, Baptiste. "Concept de composites magnétoélectriques hybrides base polymère : piézoélectricité organique-inorganique et couplage magnétique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30245.
Full textThe aim of this research is the elaboration and analysis of hybrid magnetoelectric polymer-based composite. Two different types of composites have been studied: Firstly, a two-phase system with an electroactive matrix (P(VDF-TrFE)) and magnetic particles (Ni); secondly, a system based on a nonelectroactive matrix (α-PVDF), piezoelectric particles (NaNbO3) and magnetic particles (Ni). The influence of Ni particles aspect ratio has been carefully studied. An original process of mild polyol reduction under low static magnetic field has been proposed in order to generate magnetic growth of nickel nanochains (NNCs). Electrical percolation threshold has been determined at 2.3 vol % for the NNCs. This value allows us to determine the maximum fraction of nickel in composites in order to remain insulating. Thus, the composites may be polarized and then they can exhibit piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric coefficient d33 shows significant values up to 5.8 pC N-1 for the P(VDFTrFE)/Ni composite and 4.5 pCN-1 for the α-PVDF/NaNbO3/Ni composite. In both cases, high aspect ratio nickel particles leads to a decrease of d33 due the stiffening of the matrix. Magnetic properties such as remnant magnetization and coercive field are improved with particles aspect ratio as compared to spherical particles. This enhancement appears more clearly when composites are processed thanks to the particles orientation due to the fabrication process. Coupling ME properties have been measured for both types of composites which exhibit a strong ME response. In P(VDF-TrFE) based composite, the highest coupling (αME =4.2Vm-1Oe-1 ) is obtained with high aspect ratio nickel nanowires (250). The αME reaches up to 4.7Vm-1Oe-1 in the three-phase composite and the best coupling is measured with NiNPs. The obtained values are of the same order of magnitude for both composites. The specific interest of the three-phase composite is to allow the use of higher temperatures
Agnus, Joël. "Contribution à la micromanipulation : étude, réalisation, caractérisation et commande d'une micropince piézoélectrique." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2050.
Full textHuve, Georges. "Sur la conception de microrésonateurs en arséniure de gallium : excitation piézoélectrique et micro-usinage chimique." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2049.
Full textThis work of thesis is articulated around two topics. The first one is the modelling of a piezoelectric resonator in GaAs. The second one relates to the characterization of the effects of anisotropy specific to the GaAs micromachining. A confrontation of the two studies should offer interesting prospects in the field of the resonant microsensors in GaAs. In the first part, after a presentation of the piezoelectric and mechanical properties of GaAs, we seek the orientations which enable to excite the longitudinal, flexural and torsional vibrations of a bar. The expressions of the mechanical frequencies of resonance are established by using an analytical modelling. The sensitivity in temperature and the effect of disorientation of the bar on the frequency are presented. The following stage consists in determining the dimensions of the electrodes for excitation of each mode. An analytical modelling leads to the determination of the coefficient of coupling and static and motional parameters of the resonator according to dimensions of the electrodes. The second chapter is devoted to the GaAs micromachining. After consulting preliminary studies devoted to the numerical simulation of etching shapes, we apply K. T. Model to the III-V crystals. We detail the experimental methods of measurement of the geometrical parameters of micromachined microstructures, then we present the results relating to 3D microstructures etched on the four plans {100}, {110}, {111}A and {111}B. The etching was carried out in H2SO4 :H2O2 :H2O and H3PO4 :H2O2 :H2O solution systems. The preceding results enable us to analyze concave and convex undercuts
Isner-Brom, Pascale. "Nouveaux matériaux composites polymères piézoélectriques pour transducteurs électroacoustiques." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0023.
Full textThe first part of this study deals with realization, polarization and characterization of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene based ferroelectric copolymer elements with thirty percent trifluoroethylene. We also studied the moulding process, the temperature stabilization of these thick materials. In a second part, we present three further methods for characterizing these materials. The first one, “PWP”, or propagation wave pulse, the second method is based on the impedance and phase measure, and the third method consists in measuring the propagation velocity in various directions from different copolymer samples to obtain the intrinsic piezoelectric coefficients in the three directions. This last method is very important to modelize the “clamping effect” described in the last part of our work. The last part of the book describes the copolymer clamping effect with thick electrods. This configuration allows higher sensibility. Experimental data and calculations, with two different models, on this particular configuration are compared. In both cases, experimental results are in good agreement with calculations
Beaurain, Marion. "Monocristaux de alpha-GaPO4 : croissance par la technique du flux et caractérisations physiques." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20152.
Full textImperiale, Sébastien. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique de capteurs piézoélectriques." Paris 9, 2012. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/9072.
Full textBoubekeur, Naimi. "Etude, réalisation et caractérisation d'oscillateurs à résonateur saphir compensé." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2086.
Full textThis memory summarizes the study carried out on the microwave oscillators with compensated sapphire resonators. The resonator, heart of the oscillator, is excited on a whispering gallery mode. Currently the cryogenic oscillators, with sapphire resonator, are the high frequency stability sources at the short term (10-14, t < 100 s) but function at very low temperatures (T ~ 6K). Those sources require complex installations. Ln order to build oscillator having similar performances on frequency stability and operating at higher temperatures, it will be necessary to cancel the strong sensitivity of the resonator to the temperature while preserving high-Q factor of the whispering gallery mode of the resonator. This is obtained, by thermal compensation, by addition of a dielectric or paramagnetic disturbance. Within the framework of this thesis, we studied and carried out two kind of resonators : The sapphire-rutile resonator, in which a thin film of rutile is deposited on the whole sapphire crystal, was study in details. We explored several techniques of rutile deposition : sol gel technique, magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. Best stability of 9,5. L0-14 with a drift of 2,5. 10-14 /jour, is obtained with the sapphire-rutile resonator (magnetron sputtering) operating at 38K. Ln other side, we have built the first titanium doped sapphire resonator oscillators. We obtained a stability of 7. 10-14 and a drift of 8. L0-11/jour at 39K
Haddab, Yassine. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de micromanipulation contrôlé en effort et en position pour la manipulation d'objets de taille micrométrique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258279.
Full textMohammadi, Saber. "Semi-passive vibration control using shunted piezoelectric materials." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Full textLes travaux de cette thèse concernent l'étude d'une technique particulière se rapportant au traitement de la tension générée par les éléments piézoélectriques. Cette technique non linéaire augmente considérablement l'effet de la conversion électromécanique des matériaux piézoélectriques. Cette technique appelée synchronise switch damping (SSD) a été mis au point en laboratoire de génie électrique et férroélectricite de l'INSA-Lyon. L’un des avantages de ces techniques est la possibilité d’être autoalimenté par la conversion de l’énergie électrique par des éléments piézoélectriques. Le présent travail propose une nouvelle approche du contrôle pour les techniques SSD permettant l'augmentation de l'amortissement dans le cas de vibrations complexes tels que les excitations aléatoires. Cette nouvelle approche est l'approche statistique sur fenêtre glissante dans le temps par rapport à la tension piézo-électrique ou le déplacement de l'ouvrage. Les résultats numériques et expérimentaux ont été présentés pour une poutre encastrée libre. Ces résultats montrent l’efficacité de cette nouvelle stratégie de contrôle, avec la capacité des patchs piézoélectrique pour amortir les vibrations de la structure. L'effet de la taille des patchs piézo-électrique sur l’amortissement des vibrations et leur sensibilité aux variations de la force d'excitation sont aussi présentées. Enfin, il montre l'effet des conditions aux limites sur la technique SSDI
Goyhenex, Gehin Claudine. "Conception et réalisation d'un capteur résonant piézoélectrique pour la mesure de force statique." Chambéry, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CHAMS005.
Full textBochard, Stéphane. "Contrôle actif par composants piézo-électriques de structures souples en grands déplacements." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Full textWhen vibrating structures are subjected to large displacements, coupling may occur between the vibrations and the displacements inducing possibly strongly non-linear behaviour. In this case, linear control algorithms and independent control strategy are no longer suitable. This study deals with the non-linear control of Bi-articulated structures. A model that combines both finite element (FE) discretisation, taking into account strains/electric field coupling, and global behaviour is carried out. Electromechanical and piezoelectric actuators carry out the multivariable control. The control strategy developed consists in weighting the output of parallel state controllers, calculated for the p discretized operating points crossed during the progression of the structure’s dynamic behaviour. The multivariable control u is obtained by weighting interpolation functions fi of the linear quadratic control gains Ki of each controller optimised according to large displacements. The first application to Bi-articulated rigid beam systems shows, in comparison with a stable linear control, that non-linear control is by far the better of the two. This is mainly due to increased efficiency of motor torque use. The second application of the proposed non-linear control algorithm concerns a Bi-articulated flexible beam system modelled by two rigid body modes and five flexible modes. The control obtained is robust regarding both stability and performance. Quasi-steady controlled dynamic behaviour is obtained during movement. The last application deals with a flexible link featuring two piezoelectric sensors and one pair of the piezoelectric actuators pasted to the both sides of the beam. The associated model is adjusted by optimisation. The control of the beam, clamped-free or articulated by the geared motor, shows performance. The simulated results accords with the experimental ones
Dufaud, Olivier. "Prototypage rapide de composites céramiques fonctionnels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL048N.
Full textMahraoui, Rachid. "Modélisation et simulation numérique pour des problèmes de piézoélectricité et de transport de radon dans un milieu poreux par phase gazeuse." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2044.
Full textThe first part of this PhD is devoted to the theoretical study and the numerical resolution of a piezoelectric problem formulated in a strongly heterogeneous periodical environment. Within a homogenization mathematical theory framework, the formalism and the numerical resolution of a periodic problem with two components, of which only one is piezoelectric, have been investigated. First, the case of a fibrous structure has been studied; then a new finite element, of piezoelectric type, has been designed and studied, allowing the resolution of auxiliary problems previously written. Finally the resolution of these problems has been programmed within a framework on two scales. These developments have been applied to the work of modelization of the human cortical bone. A second subject dealing with the modelization and the numerical simulation of transport of radon in an aquifer simultaneously in gas from and dissolved from has been studied. Then the second part of the thesis concerns the modelization of the transport of radon at the same time in gas form and dissolved form in a saturated field. When a seismic activity reaches the lower part of a surface aquifer, it generates a production of radon. Various physical phenomena occur to transport this chemical element to the surface where measurement of the concentrations proves to be relevant for the follow-up of this seismic activity. A previous work (carried out by D. Calugaru) proposed that radon was immediately dissolved and consisted in simulating the transport of this element. In the real process, radon is initially created in gas form and other gases have been associated. Therefore, the same problem is solved, introducing the presence of gas to the lower part of the aquifer
Bezançon, Frédéric. "Résonances piézoélectriques des cristaux optiquement non linéaires : Tl3AsSe3, AgGaSe2 et LiNbO3 : application à la mesure d'absorption résiduelle par bolométrie piézoélectrique." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS003.
Full textJaloustre, Lucas. "Piézoélectricité dans des nanofils uniques de III-N pour la nanopiézotronique : analyse par microscopies à sonde locale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY037.
Full textNanopiezotronics is a recent field which has increasingly contributed to a progress of smart electronics and energy harvesters that benefits from a conversion of small mechanical movements into electrical energy. Its foundation relies on the coexisting of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in nano-objects based on non-centrosymmetric semiconductors such as III-N or II-V. Lately, III-N nanowires with their high aspect ratio have been proposed as a promising building block for this emerging research.Nevertheless, the key mechanism in nanopiezotronics that governs a mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion must be clarified. The origin of the electrical signal from single nanowires detected by conductive scanning force microscopy was still under debate, whether it originates from piezoelectric effect or rather measurement artefacts.In addition, the reports of larger piezo-coefficients than bulk values in GaN nanowires need to be verified as it possibly results from the measurement misinterpretation.This PhD work is focused on in-depth understanding of the piezoelectric effect in III-N nanowires which is a critical issue for nanopiezotronics. For this purpose, several scanning force microscopy modes such as Kelvin probe force microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, conducting scanning force microscopy were performedto locally probe direct and reverse piezoelectricity including other parameters that play an important role on the piezo-potential generation. Various device configurations and different electronic setups were applied.The experimental results together with finite element simulations, reveal that the piezo-coefficients of III-N nanowires are similar to those of bulk, and no giant piezoelectric effect was observed. The analyses of free and bound charges suggest that the effect of the piezo-charges should be undetectable even with highest sensitive electronics. Besides, the electrical signal found in single nanowires by conductive-scanning force microscopy is rather related to the current passing through the nanowires which is often generated by an unappropriated grounded setup. The outcome of this work point out various parameters in piezoelectric semiconductor nanowires that must be taken into account before attributing their mechanical or electrical response to the piezoelectric effect. Those signals can be potentially caused by the detection setup itself, the measurement artefacts and the environments, resulting in the misinterpretations of the signal origins
Boudaoud, Hakim. "Modélisation de l'amortissement actif-passif des structures sandwichs." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ035S/document.
Full textSince the last decade, active and passive control of noise and vibration became a main issue in industrial application. Concerning passive solutions, sandwich panels and beams with viscoelastic core layer are used in many applications for vibration and noise control thanks to their superior capability in energy absorption. In active control, piezoelectric layers and patch are most widely used due to their effectiveness. Coupling both control types, in the so named ”hybrid control”, results in multi-modal vibration control. Using sandwich panels, this coupling leads to some identified problems. The first one is that the global stiffness matrix is complex, frequency and control dependant, leading to a non linear eigenvalue problem. The second problem is that the model should take into account the viscoelastic shear effect. In this work, analytical and numerical models and methods are developed for determining the modal properties, frequency and hybrid damping introduced by viscoelastic and piezoelectric sandwich structure
Filoux, Erwan. "Modélisation par une méthode pseudospectrale : différences-finies et fabrication de transducteurs ultrasonores pour l'imagerie médicale haute résolution." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3101/document.
Full textHigh resolution ultrasonic imaging has become an essential tool to assist physicians for various medical diagnoses. This technique relies on the ability of piezoelectric transducers to generate a high frequency (HF) acoustic field into the scanned media. Such transducers are obtained using particular materials and fabrication processes.They are optimized through modeling of their electromechanical behaviour and acoustic radiation pattern, which usually requires the use of several models. A new algorithm has been developped and is presented in this report, which is based on the coupling of pseudospectral and finite-diffrence methods to simulate both the generation and the propagation of acoustic waves in the transducer and the surrounding media, using a single model. This hybrid algorithm has been used to simulate various transducers and the results were accordingly compared to theory and experiments. It has also been used to study the influence of various parameters on the performance of several single-element and array transducer devices
Buchaillot, Lionel. "Modélisation mécanique théorique des moteurs piézo-électriques à onde progressive." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA0473.
Full textKobor, Diouma. "Synthèse, dopage et caractérisation de monocristaux ferroélectriques type PZN-PT par la méthode du flux." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Full textThe actuators and the sensors are a class of devices which use piezoelectric materials like active elements in the medical imagery (echography) and velocimetry. The characteristics sought for these materials are a good aptitude to convert the mechanical energy into electric power (and vice versa), a weak dielectric loss and a stability of the characteristics under the influence of external pressures like the electric field, the mechanical temperature and stress. Until now the materials used are ferroelectric ceramics of Lead Zircono-titanate (PZT) which was doped to obtain higher performances. Towards the end of the 80 years, a new interest was carried to the monocrystals. We synthesized monocrystals PZN-4. 5PT un-doped and doped with Mn to increase their performances. Studies on dielectric, piezoelectric, of stability and non-linearities were carried out to include/understand the behavior of these materials
Richard, Thibaut. "Diminution du coefficient de transmission acoustique d'une paroi à l'aide d'amortisseurs piézoélectriques semi-passifs." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0112/these.pdf.
Full textIn recent years, applications implementing piezoelectric materials expanded considerably. Among them, control noise and vibration controls a real issue of science and technology in a growing number of areas such as automotive, construction, aerospace, instrumentation, etc. . . The work presented in this paper is part of the general case of acoustic control of a wide wall. The goal is ta reduce noise transmitted through a wide wall, on which several piezoelectric inserts are embedded, and on which a complex multimodal excitation is performed. It uses techniques derived all from SSD methods (synchronized switch damping), developed earlier in LGEF. They consist in introducing high non-linearities on the voltage generated by piezoelectric inserts attached to a structure, leading to greatly increase the electromechanical conversion of these inserts. They are called semi-passives because they require no or very little external power source but however they perform smart processing of voltage. The principal experimental set-up used during this work is a wood en box, at the end of which is fixed a steel plate, exciting through a loudspeaker. A strategy for positioning and sizing piezoelectric inserts on the structure is studied. An analytical model, which helps to understand the mechanism of electromechanical coup ling of such an experimental, and a finite element model of the wall are also presented, and their results compared to the experimental ones
Champ, Pascal. "Modélisation et caractérisation sous haut niveau de sollicitation mécanique des céramiques piézoélectrique." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0030.
Full textHizebry, Azeddine. "Propagation de fissures dans les céramiques piézo-électriques de typz PZT : effets de dopage au potassium et au niobium." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0064/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the fracture mechanical behavior of piezoelectric lead zirconate-titanate ceramics (PZT), with perovskite structure Pb (Zr1-x Tix) O3. Three compositions close to the morphotropic zone (Zr:Ti, 54:46) have been prepared: undoped (PZT), doped with 2% at. Of Niobium (PNZT) and doped with 1% at. Of potassium (PKZT). Two processing routes have been used with and without binder. Their behavior was analyzed in terms of R-curves (resistance to the propagation of cracks), laws of propagation under critic V-KI (speed of crack according to the stress intensity factor applied), intrinsic tenacity and anisotropy induced by polarization. This last property has been studied as a function of the composition (doping), the microstructure and the testing atmosphere. This study has shown that the switching ferroelectric domain contributes to the significant shielding for PNZT materials whereas there is no R-curve effect for PZT and PKZT compositions. The anisotropy observed in cracks developed by indentation is not only due to switching ferroelectric domain. By supposing a constant shape coefficient of indentation print a decrease of the residual stresses along the crack propagation when it is parallel to polarization direction has been stated. This study has shown for the first time that the factor of residual stresses of indentation depends on the state of polarization. It is consequently necessary to take account of its real value to evaluate the intrinsic anisotropy of tenacity for polarized materials
Ciminello, Monica. "Semi-passive control strategy using piezo ceramic patches in non linear commutation architecture for structural-accoustice smart systems." Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0668.
Full textAmong the different strategies oriented to the noise and vibration control, due to their promising properties in terms of limited required power supply, broad band and no tuneable nature, semi-active switched shunt architectures have well done for themselves. The idea of using piezo transducers to convert mechanical into electrical energy and elaborating related signal within an external time variant electrical circuit, represents the inspiring principle of this type of control. A wide amount of efforts has been spent on the semi-active switched shunt control with specific interest in the “synchronised” one; theoretical, numerical, experimental investigations, proved in different ways pros and cons of applications generally confined to the vibration field, in the low frequency band. Also the idea of extending this control to acoustics has been taken into account: problems like the structure-borne sound have been dealt with, implementing switch logic onto piezo networks mounted on structural components. An interesting industrial application in the field of aeronautics and automotive in general, is the interior sound level reduction: in this case a distribution of piezoelectric transducers suitably collocated may lead to remarkable effects, without excessive power consumption. In the present work, a semi analytic approach aimed at estimating the effects on the reduction of pressure sound level by synchronised switched shunt logic, is described. The displacement field within a 1D longitudinal air column through a Fourier series ;expansion has been formalised by assigning a sinusoidal perturbation and fluid–structure interface condition on the left and right boundaries, respectively. At first, a validation procedure has been implemented: both the convergence of the series coefficients and the satisfaction of boundary and initial conditions have been verified. To simulate the no control operative condition, the solution has been computed for the entire time domain, keeping invariant all circuitry properties; then for the switch working modality, solution has been computed by splitting the entire time domain into partitions, each one delimited by the instants at which the circuit is switched on (i. E. , by maxima and minima of the displacement on the right boundary domain); for any partition, specific circuitry properties (e. G. Piezo voltage, electrical field…) have been selected. Based on displacement information, related sound pressure level has been compared for no controlled and controlled operative conditions, with and without signal amplification
Henry, Briot Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles orientations pour application aux ondes de surface." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2086.
Full textDogheche, Karim. "Réalisation de transducteurs piézoélectriques intégrés sur silicium : application à l'imagerie acoustique." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2068.
Full textVerdun, Nathalie. "Non linéarités dans les céramiques piézoélectriques : application aux transducteurs acoustiques de puissance." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0078.
Full textFor heavy duty piezoelectric (PZT) transducers, a drastic performance evolution occurs for high strain level. Indeed, characteristic phenomena of a nonlinear behavior such as resonance frequency shift, hysteresis effect and overtones generation are observed experimentally on a test transducer, operating at its resonant frequency in air, so without any acoustical charge. They result in displacement or current saturation effects, drop in performances and instabilities. This experimental part is presented in the first part of this thesis. To interpret such observations, a nonlinear theory, based on an expansion of the piezoelectric constitutive equations, is proposed. This approach results in a nonlinear oscillator equation that describes the transducer motion. A Fourier expansion of the different waveforms (current, displacement, stress. . . ) leads to the amplitude evaluation of the different harmonies. The comparison between numerical simulations and experimental data shows a very good agreement. The influence of each nonlinear coefficients on the transducer performance is detailed. In the nonlinear framework, the saturation effect is explained in terms of energy transfer between overtones. It is shown that the conventional explanation of saturation effect in terms of viscous damping increase with the driving voltage is not satisfactory since it leads to an overestimation of the dissipated power
Ngoma, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude des propriétés diélectriques, piézoélectriques et mécaniques d'un système complexe céramique-copolymère VF2-TrFE." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0027.
Full textPiezoplastics and ceramic-polymer piezoelectric composites are now widely used as components in hydrophone devices. These materials exhibit very interesting mechanical properties. In the first part of the study, the bulk VF2/TrFE copolymer is studied using several complementary techniques including dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of two crystalline phases (ferro-and para-electric) at the transition. . In the second part, ceramic- copolymer composites obtained with a 0-3 connectivity are studied. The piezoelectric properties of the composites thus prepared are equivalent to those of other composites made with a non piezoelectric polymer matrix. The theories developed to analyse the dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients satisfactorily fit the data and enabled us to relate the macroscopic behaviour of the composites to their microscopic phase morphology. In order to improve the value of the piezoelectric coefficients, and on the basis of this work, composites with various other connectivities were prepared. This work enabled us to improve our knowledge of the fundamental relationships between elaboration processes microstructure, and physical properties of the composites and to obtain new composites with 3-3 connectivity that exhibit better piezoelectric characteristics
Six, Marc-François. "Moteur piezoelectrique pour application spatiale." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0052.
Full textPiezomotors are based on piezo-ceramics and use the conversion of vibrating electromechanical forces into friction forces. Thanks to their high motor force without reduction gear, their high-force/mass ratio, their amagnetism, an integrated braking function, a micro-positionning ability and a strong miniaturization potential, these motors offer a real alternative to electromagnetic motors. They cover various applications fields and answer especially the requirements for space field. The objective is to validate a linear piezomotor developped on to be basis of an original structure, in order to fill the specifications required by a space optic positioning application in a satellite. Three axis have been followed in this work. The first concerns the adaptation of the present prototype to satisfy the specific requirements due to space environment (vibrations, ultrahigh vacuum) and the application itself (pollution). In the second axis, the strong interaction between the electromechanical stator behavior and the contact mechanics at the interface stator/guiding plates is analyzed. This point leads the model results to converge with the measurements based on original techniques of characterization of the motor progressively with the motor technological improvements. The last axis is related to the tribology of the motor funded on the so lid third body concept. The described approach rests on a simultaneous progression following these three axis to join a repeatable running after mounting and steady performances during the whole lifetime. The met objectives are validated by testing the motor under ultra-high vacuum: along a 3 mm stroke, 260. 000 cycles are carried out under a 20 N loading force. These results confirm the potential of piezomotors in space applications field
Fusero, Yann. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de dispositifs à ondes de surface à haute vitesse et fort couplage : application aux filtres télécom haute fréquence." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2051.
Full textDelmas, Laurent. "Etude et réalisation de capteurs à sortie fréquentielle en orthophosphate de gallium (GaPO4)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2019.
Full textRizet, Nicolas. "Contrôle actif de vibrations utilisant des matériaux piézo-électriques." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Full textThis work is related to the active vibration control using piezoelectric materials. By their electromechanical conversion properties, thesis materials of reduced size and weight constitute ideal transducers for active vibration control Systems, the thesis is organised in six chapters. The founding principles and fundamental notions about active control are introduced in the first part. Some applications are presented. We introduce the modem techniques of System modeling in the second chapter. The principal active control methods are described. The third chapter is related to the use of piezoelectricity in active vibration control. The characteristic parameters of the electromechanical conversion are introduced. The distributed piezoelectric transducers used in active control of structures are presented. We describe the experimental set-up in the fourth part. The vibrating structure, a simply supported beam, is presented. The associated electronic is introduced. The transducers are characterized. The fifth chapter presents some experiments using the filtered-x LMS algorithm. A modal variation of the algorithm is experimented too. The control appears effective with stationary perturbations. Though, it needs important Computing and the access to a reference signal. In the last chapter, a numerical simulation of a modal control is realised, with an identified model of the System. With the parameters set in simulation, the modal control is then experimented. A satisfying correlation between numerical modeling and experiment is obtained. The modal control shows convincing results with only one control actuator
Cochard, Charlotte. "Pb(Yb½Nb½)O₃-PbTiO₃ : a model solid solution for the study of the different polar orders." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0027/document.
Full textPiezoelectricity has attracted a considerable amount of work due to the variety of possible applications such as accelerometers, gyroscopes or transducers. Pb(Yb½Nb½)O₃-PbTiO₃ is long known to have large piezoelectric properties (d33=510pC/N) and a relatively high Curie temperature (_370°C at the MPB).This solid solution between a double (B-site ordered) perovskite (Pb2YbNbO6) and lead titanate is remarkable, in the sense that it presents all polar orders. Indeed, depending on the composition, the solid solution can exhibit at room temperature: antiferroelectric, classical ferroelectric or relaxor properties. In this work, I will present results obtained on PYN-PT ceramics of various compositions spanning the phase diagram. From experiments using X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, as well as piezoelectric and ferroelectric measurements as a function of temperature, a new phase diagram is proposed. This thorough study of the phase diagram of PYN-PT has revealed a more complex phase diagram than what was reported in the literature. In particular, the structure of the antiferroelectric PYN is peculiar compared to the other Pb-based antiferroelectric. Indeed, in PYN, the Pb atoms are displaced along the direction of the modulation vector and that the B cations are not in their prototypic positions and take part in the antipolar order observed.Moreover, the morphtropic phase boundary (x _0.50) extends over a larger compositional range than what was observed in other Pb-based solid solution. In the PT-poor side of the morphtropic phase boundary, the absence of the expected rhombohedral phase (by analogy with the other Pb-based solid solutions) was demonstrated. Furthermore, among the compositions presenting relaxor properties, differences have arisen and I suggest that several types of relaxors exist, in the PYN-PT solid solution. Finally, I will propose a model explaining continuously the change of polar order through out the phase diagram. This model is based on the correlation of Pb displacements induced by the chemical nature and the cationic arrangement on the B site
Bouchikhi, Abdeslam El. "Cristallogénèse hydrothermale et caractérisation de matériaux MIIIxVO4 (M=Al,Ga ; X=P,As) de type quartz." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20088.
Full textFaiz, Adil. "Amortissement vibratoire et anéchoïsme par traitement non-linéaire d'éléments piézoélectriques." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Full textSeveral semi passive techniques were previously developed at the LGEF laboratory to address the problem of structural vibration damping and noise reduction. These techniques, called SSD for “Synchronized Switch Damping”, consist in a non-linear processing of the voltage on a piezoelectric element. It is implemented with a simple switch driven during short periods synchronously with the structure motion. The switch connects the piezoelectric element to a circuit, which can be either a simple short circuit (SSDS), a small inductor (SSDI) or voltage sources (SSDV). In the case of the SSDS technique the voltage is briefly forced to zero, in the case of the SSDI it is reserved and in the case of the SSDV it is reversed around a continuous voltage. The experimental set-up consists of tube split in 2 regions by a piezoelectric element (BUZZER). A loudspeaker generates a tone acoustic wave in the first volume. Two microphone measures the reflected and transmitted acoustic wave in the two areas. The piezoelectric element is modelled by a simple lumped model. This model was theoretically developed allowing the simulation of the buzzer in Matlab and Ansys environment. Due to this mechanism, a good attenuation is obtained in reflection (30dB) and transmission (15dB) wave with an impulsionnelle excitation and around (16dB) attenuation is observed over a 600Hz wide frequency band in transmission using a sweep excitation
Saint-Pierre, Nicolas. "Mise en œuvre de l'implant piézoélectrique : application au suivi du cycle de vie d'un matériau composite." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0077.
Full textThe ultrasonic technics have shown their utility for the mechanical characterisation of materials. Velocity and attenuation of ultrasonics depends on the microstructure and so, they are linked to the mechanical properties of the propagating medium. But for very attenuative materials, classical methods such as impulsive spectroscopy are not very efficient. So, we have developed an original method based on the measurement of the electric impedance of a piezoelectric element inserted in the material to be characterized. It is also possible, with this technic, to monitor the properties of a polymer material during its different physical states (liquid, glass or gel). We have developed and validated an analytical model and we show that the electrical impedance of the piezoelectric implant depends on the properties of the surrounding materials. Then, by using an identification algorithm, we can deduce the values of velocity and attenuation of the material by minimising the difference between experimental and simulated values. In this theoretical approach unidimensional model suppose that the piezoelectric element and the materials have parallel faces and that the different media are well coupled. In practical case, parallelism or bonding defects can appear. We take in account these defects in the numeric simulation and we validate these simulations by comparison of the simulated and measured spectra. Considering the Kramers Kronig relationships that link the acoustical parameters (velocity and attenuation) of the material, we determine for each defect, the tolerances that doesn't affect the result of the optimisation algorithm. The last part of this study concerns the monitoring of the properties of a composite during its polymerisation and to its hydrolytic degradation
Petit, Lionel. "Nouvelles structures de moteurs piézoéléctriques : conception, réalisation et caractérisation." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0121.
Full textThis work is related to the design, the assembly and the testing of new structures of piezomotors. Their operating principle is based on ultrasonic vibrations of the stator which drives the rotor by frictional forces. Hence, two conversions of energy are combined: - the vibrations of the stator are produced by an active material using the inverse piezoelectric effect (electromechanical conversion), - these vibrations are converted into a rotating or linear motion with the help of frictional forces: this is the mechanical conversion. Piezomotors have good characteristics such as high output torque, low rotational speed without gears, quick response, silent drive and large holding torque without energy dissipation. Because this new technology concerns varied disciplines (piezoelectricity, tribology, acoustic …), its conception and its development are generally difficult. The testing methods and the physical phenomenons of piezomotors are treated in the first section. In the following chapter, we show that the specific behavior of these motors requires a speed control. Finally, two new piezomotors are described: - a progressive wave motor using longitudinal actuators is studied at first. If a Finite Element Model had been used for the conception, its development had needed and important experimental work, - the second structure is an elastic shell to which the vibrations of two piezoelectric actuators are applied. This kind of stator permits indifferently the construction of rotating or linear motors. A Finite Element Model and an electromechanical equivalent circuit are used in the phases of conception and development
SOTO, NICOLAS ALBERTO. "Etude et realisation de haut-parleurs piezo-electriques a rayonnement lateral." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1023.
Full textZug, Benoit. "Etude des pertes d'origine piézoélectrique dans les matériaux piézoélectriques et les transducteurs ultrasonores." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0078.
Full textAmongst the various losses in piezoceramcis, the piezoelectric losses are the worst know. They were inserted in some models, but their influence on the behaviour of a transducer around its resonance frequency has been rarely explained. Moreover the usual methods of determination of these losses are either hard to implement or not very reliable. The purpose of this work is to evaluate this type of losses in a low frequency device (Tonpilz type transducer), under high mechanical solicitations. With this object three kinds of investigations have been made : Firstly, the losses of the active material have been characterized, that led us to propose a simple method for the determination of the piezoelectric losses. This method, reliable and non iterative is based on the analysis of the motional resistance of a piezoelectric rod vibrating in longitudinal mode. Secondly, the working conditions of a monoelement transducer excited at constant motional current, have been investigated. By this way piezoelectric losses may be taken into account with the help of a model based on the grain boundary losses. The influence of mechanical solicitation on these losses has been shown off. Thirdly, an accurate characterization of the Tonpilz around the resonance has been carried out at low level and then at constant mechanical solicitation. Both experimentation and modelisation led us to obtain a noticeable reduction of the losses in air at nominal velocity. Finally a coherent evaluation of all the losses of the active material is possible
Maréchal, Pierre. "Transducteurs mono-élément pour l'imagerie ultrasonore haute résolution : modélisation, réalisation et caractérisation." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4036.
Full textApplications of ultrasonic imaging such as medical diagnostics and non-destructive testing tend to require improvement of resolution. Resolution being mainly linked to the operating frequencies of the systems, there is a need for ultrasonic transducers having a high center frequency, large bandwidth as well as strong focusing. Here, several modeling methods of the transducer and its radiation diagram are implemented in order to describe an acoustically focused source. The electroacoustic response and radiated field are evaluated and compared for various materials. In order to optimize transducer performance, new compositions and thick film deposition techniques of piezoelectric materials are tested and compared with classical fabrication methods. Several transducers are manufactured and their performance compared to those predicted by our models. Finally, they are integrated in a real-time high frequency ultrasonic scanner and used to produce in vivo images of human skin
Reinhardt, Alexandre. "Simulation, conception et réalisation de filtres à ondes de volume dans des couches minces piézoélectriques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2030.
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