Journal articles: 'Pig parents'

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Vrtková, Irena, Štěpán Vrtek, and Lenka Falková. "Efficiency of Tetrameric Short Tandem Repeats in Prestice Black-Pied Pig for Traceability and Parentity Testing." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 2 (2016): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020557.

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The main goal of the research was to evaluate suitability of 11 tetrameric STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) marker panel for the Prestice Black-Pied pig (PC) breed as the only genetic resource in the Czech Republic.The analysis was carried out in 522 breeding and slaughter PC individuals. We observed 94 alleles overall across whole 11 STR panel. The observed heterozygosityHOwas 0.677, the polymorphism information content (PIC) was in average 0.664 per locus. The probability of identity of two independent samples (PI) using all 11 STR loci was 4.037·10−11and the probability of identity related individuals (PISibs) was 8.315·10−5. The power of exclusion for loci combinations when both parents are known (P1), when only one of the parent is known (P2) and for two putative parents (P3) were 0.9996, 0.9899 and 0.9999. The efficiency of the 11 tetrameric STRs (Animaltype Pig kit) is higher in PC in comparison to commercial breeds and slaughter crossbred pigs. In genetic resource PC, the 11 STRs panel is usable for forensic purpose such parentity testing and traceability.

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Jaberg, Patricia. "Links to Literature: Assessment and Geraldine's Blanket." Teaching Children Mathematics 1, no. 8 (April 1995): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.1.8.0514.

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A pig named Geraldine receives a special blanket from her Aunt Bessie at birth. As she grows older, the blanket needs mending and patching, and her parents worry about Geraldine's attachment to the blanket.

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Clayton, Priscilla, and Cristina Palacios,. "Identifying Predictors of Parents’ and Children's Participation and Barriers in Randomized Clinical Trials." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa048_002.

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Abstract Objectives Background: Randomized controlled trials are considered the ‘gold standard’ to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of health care and dietary interventions, however, challenges with recruitment and retention of participants can be detrimental to the validity and generalizability of the study. Children and adolescents play a role in the decision to participate, although parents are the primary decision-makers. Exploring children and parent's knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards research can help to understand factors that influence participation and retention. Objective: To identify predictors of recruitment and retention in RCTs involving both parents and children to assist in the implementation of recruitment and retention strategies. Methods A systematic review of RCTs was conducted to explore the available evidence to compose a qualitative meta-summary. Studies were identified from 3 databases and restricted only to English language publications. Data reporting participant's predictors and barriers of recruitment and retention in RCTs involving children and adolescents aged 0 to 21 were identified. Year of publication ranged from 2006 to 2019. Studies not including children and studies not involving participant feedback were excluded. Results 53 records were identified; 32 were excluded due to exclusion of child and/or parent feedback, therefore 21 studies were included. Several themes were identified between parents and children that mentioned predictors: personal health benefit, altruism, trust in the research, contact with staff, benefit for parents themselves, benefit for the community, minimal risk to the child, monetary benefits, felt as the only option, influence by family and friends, recommendation from physician, and increase in knowledge. Barriers mentioned were: felt as the “guinea pig,” burden for child, decision too stressful, fear of randomization, no direct benefit, and time and financial constraints. The most common themes identified in several of the studies were personal health benefits, the risk to the child, altruism, time constraint, and no direct benefit. Conclusions Important predictors of recruitment and retention in RCTs are children's personal health benefits and risks, altruism, time constraint, and no direct benefit. Funding Sources NIH

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Pekrun, Katja, Riri Shibata, Tatsuhiko Igarashi, Margaret Reed, Liana Sheppard, Philip A. Patten, Willem P. C. Stemmer, Malcolm A. Martin, and Nay-Wei Soong. "Evolution of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant with Enhanced Replication in Pig-Tailed Macaque Cells by DNA Shuffling." Journal of Virology 76, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 2924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.6.2924-2935.2002.

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ABSTRACT DNA shuffling facilitated the evolution of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variant with enhanced replication in pig-tailed macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pt mPBMC). This variant consists exclusively of HIV-1-derived sequences with the exception of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) nef. Sequences spanning the gag-protease-reverse transcriptase (gag-pro-RT) region from several HIV-1 isolates were shuffled and cloned into a parental HIV-1 backbone containing SIV nef. Neither this full-length parent nor any of the unshuffled HIV-1 isolates replicated appreciably or sustainably in pt mPBMC. Upon selection of the shuffled viral libraries by serial passaging in pt mPBMC, a species emerged which replicated at substantially higher levels (50 to 100 ng/ml p24) than any of the HIV-1 parents and most importantly, could be continuously passaged in pt mPBMC. The parental HIV-1 isolates, when selected similarly, became extinct. Analyses of full-length improved proviral clones indicate that multiple recombination events in the shuffled region and adaptive changes in the rest of the genome contributed synergistically to the improved phenotype. This improved variant may prove useful in establishing a pig-tailed macaque model of HIV-1 infection.

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Apple, Lana, and Mira Debs. "“I am not a guinea pig”: Parental opportunity hoarding and tracking reform in Germany." Research in Comparative and International Education 16, no. 1 (March 2021): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745499921995786.

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PISA test data from 2000 to today have shown Germany’s education system is one of the most inequitable within the OECD, with high correlations between student background and achievement outcomes. Scholars have identified the highly differentiated school structure, which tracks students as young as 10 years old, as a central cause. This scholarship has not evaluated why German tracking has proved difficult to reform over the last 20 years, despite evidence of negative outcomes. Using a case study of parents’ actions in Hamburg, this paper employs a discourse analysis of debates surrounding a tracking reform to argue that opportunity hoarding—that is, parents with more social capital maintaining certain advantages through ingrained systems that are theoretically open to all—may contribute to why Germany’s early tracking system persists despite evidence showing that it increases educational inequality. The findings presented have implications for an international discussion of tracking reform and opportunity hoarding.

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DeCubellis, Chris. "Raising a Market Show Hog." EDIS 2019, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-4h407-2019.

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One of the most rewarding and educational 4-H projects is raising, finishing, and showing a market hog. Many younger 4-H’ers excitedly wait until the day when they can choose their first show pig. Parents and youth need to understand that while the hog project is an excellent opportunity, it requires a great deal of thought, preparation, time, and resources. The purpose of this new 7-page publication is to help parents and youth understand some of the commitments and preparations involved in raising a hog, as well as what to expect and what to do in order to successfully complete the project. Written by Chris DeCubellis and published by the UF/IFAS 4-H Youth Development Program. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h407

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Quinton, V. M., and C. Smith. "An empirical check on best linear unbiased prediction genetic evaluation using pig field recording data." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-102.

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The theory and use of best linear unbiased prediction in genetic evaluation are well developed. However, there has been little empirical checking of its efficacy in practice. The objective here was to use a large body of Canadian pig performance records to check on the predicted benefits of BLUP in genetic evaluation. Phenotype records were available on fat depth and on days to 100 kg on some 65 000 progeny born in 1994 and 1995 from parents evaluated before 1994. Rank correlations between parent and progeny in data were calculated within herd-year-season to avoid effects due to differences in these factors. Computer simulation studies were also run to check on the predicted results. The simulation results confirmed the expectations on the higher correlation of mid-parental EBV than of mid-parental phenotype with progeny genotype and a regression (of progeny phenotype on mid-parental EBV) of unity when all relevant pedigree and performance data were used. In the data analysis, the (rank) correlations with progeny phenotype were consistently higher (36 and 27%) for mid-parental BLUP genetic evaluation than for mid-parental phenotypes, confirming the superiority of the BLUP evaluations over phenotypes. However, the regression of progeny phenotype on mid-parent BLUP EBV was usually less than the predicted value of unity. Simulation results suggest that either the base population heritability was lower than that used in the evaluation or that the information used was incomplete. Key words: Best linear unbiased prediction, EBV, pigs, performance, selection

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Dotché, Ignace Ogoudanan, Simon Idohou, Mahamadou Dahouda, Pascal Kiki, Benoit Govoeyi, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux, Jean-Paul Dehoux, et al. "Crossbreeding and consanguinity management in pig farms in the departments of Ouémé and Plateau in Benin." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1816-1825.

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Background: The improvement in pig zootechnical performances is a common practice in Benin. This improvement of the performances is made by the choice of the best reproducers in farms and the crossbreeding between the different breeds. Aim: This study aims to characterize practices related to consanguinity management in pigs reared in Ouémé and Plateau. Materials and Methods: Crossbreeding and consanguinity data were collected from 60 farms in these two departments. Frequencies and averages were calculated and compared between departments, genetic types, and origin of progenitors. Results: The majority of the investigated pig farmers in both departments were married men of primary or secondary education level. Most of them cross animals without a specific crossbreeding scheme. These crossings were performed to a greater extent (p<0.05) in Ouémé (94.28%) than in Plateau (52%). In general, farmers cross improved animals of high breeding values with the crossbred ones. These crossings were mainly performed to improve zootechnical performances. Renewing animals were commonly chosen from the farm or were provided from nearby farms. The majority of pig breeders in Ouémé (100%) and Plateau (86.67%) obtained reproductive animals from nearby farms. Males and females were sometimes bought from the same farm or from farms that pig breeders have sold reproductive animals in the previous years. In the case of selection within their own farm, male and female progenitors are separated at puberty by the majority of the breeders of Plateau (42.11%) and Ouémé (50%). Inbred mating was reported by breeders. More than half of breeders mate animals having a parental link in both departments. The mating was performed between animals of the same mother in 37.93% of farms in Ouémé and in 45.46% in Plateau. The main consanguinity consequences mentioned by the breeders were the high mortality at birth and weaning, piglets' weakness at the birth, the slow growth, and the decrease in litter size. Sows with at least one parent from external farm had a litter size at birth and weaning and a live-born piglets' number significantly higher than sows with both parents from the same farm. Conclusion: Rigorous monitoring of crossing and the filial links are necessary for pig farms for ensuring the improvement of zootechnical performances.

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Sheiko, I. P. "New ways and methods of development of pig breeding in Belarus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-68-78.

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The Republic of Belarus has a well-developed pig breeding industry. The main goal in pig breeding in Belarus is to obtain, in a short time, competitive breeds, types and hybrids of pigs adapted to the conditions of industrial pork production and not inferior to analogues of the world breeding. Currently, in the pig industry, effective variants of interbreeding hybridization are widely introduced, and mating of specialized maternal breeds (BLW × BM) and (Y × L) with boars of specialized paternal breeds (D, P). Piglets obtained during interbreeding hybridization have a heterosis effect in feeding and meat traits 9-11 % higher compared with purebred parents. In connection with the need to increase the efficiency of domestic pig breeding, scientists at the Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Livestock Breeding have developed a new effective system for raising and breeding pigs, based on obtaining competitive parental forms of sows (F1) and paternal forms of boars for hybridization. It is shown that structural transformations in the pedigree and industrial pig breeding of the Republic of Belarus in 2020-2025 and for the period until 2030 will be aimed at further improvement and increase of performance and breeding traits of pigs based on the latest methods of genetics and selection, as well as at construction and commissioning of nuclei farms for maternal and paternal breeds with a total capacity of 3400 breeding sows, as well as 5-6 sow breeding farms with total capacity of 22100 sows. Commissioning of new high-tech capacities will allow to increase the production of high-quality pork within 5 years to 500 thousand tons, or 15.0-18.0 % higher compared to the current level.

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Zhu-Qing, Ren, Xiong Yuan-Zhu, Deng Chang-Yang, Lei Ming-Gang, Zuo Bo, Zheng Rong, Li Feng-E, Jiang Si-Wen, and Jiang Xun-Ping. "Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of differentially expressed genes in the backfat tissue between hybrids and parents in pigs." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (April 2006): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb200592.

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AbstractIn order to reveal the molecular basis of heterosis, Large White (LW), an introduced European pig breed, and Meishan (MS), a Chinese indigenous pig breed, were selected to hybridize directly and reciprocally in the present experiment. mRNA differential display (DD) technique was performed to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the backfat tissues of hybrids (LW×MS, MS×LW) and purebred (LW×LW, MS×MS) pigs. The ten anchor primers in combination with ten arbitrary primers (100 sets in total) were used and nearly 1500 reproducible bands were observed in polyacrylamide gels. The 40 differentially displayed bands were selected for cloning and sequencing. Thirty-six out of 40 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) proved to be novel and the sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession No. CV507051-CV507087); the other four showed similarity to known genes published in GenBank. Three among 36 novel ESTs were chosen for further identification with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The result showed that two ESTs were differentially expressed, and the third showed no obvious difference between hybrids and purebreds. In order to reduce the percentage of false-positive DD, RNA pools of four types of pigs were constructed, by mixing samples from six pigs of the same genotype, and subjected to DD. Stringent annealing temperature was applied and only bands that could be repeated in duplicate PCR were used for further study. The results showed that the expression pattern of these 36 ESTs differed among the four genotypes of pigs, suggesting that the genes corresponding to these differentially expressed ESTs might be related to the heterosis occurring in fat tissue.

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Paixão, Gustavo, Alexandra Esteves, Rita Payan-Carreira, and Nuno Carolino. "Demographic structure and genetic diversity of the endangered Bísaro pig: Evolution and current status." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 11 (November 7, 2018): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/113/2018-cjas.

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Bísaro pig, a local endangered swine breed, has gained popularity in the recent years. A complete pedigree was used to evaluate the population structure and investigate the current breed’s genetic variability in two reference populations (AlivePop and AliveBpop). Since the breed’s foundation, the number of registered animals, producers, and farrowing records has increased. The mean progeny size for sires was 116.17 ± 210.81, and 3.24% of the breeding boars originated 26.54% of all registered births showing a marked unbalanced use of certain sires. The mean calculated equivalent generations was 4.54, and 98.1% of all the animals had known parents, indicating a good degree of pedigree completion and depth. Approximately half of the individuals were inbred, with average inbreeding values of 10.41, 9.02, and 8.58% for the whole and reference populations, respectively. Considering both reference populations, a low effective founder/ancestor ratio was obtained (1.12), showing a well-balanced founder/ancestor contribution, and subsequent genetic transfer. However, the effective founder/founder ratio was particularly low (0.06 and 0.12) compared with other native breeds. The founder genome/effective founder ratios were 0.37 and 0.41 for AlivePop and AliveBpop. Contrarily to the whole population, the random genetic drift weighted significantly more than the drift due to unequal founder contribution in the reference populations. The effective population size based on the increase in coancestry ranged from 62.39 and 54.66, and 16.74 and 24.84 based on the increase of individual inbreeding, for the whole and reference populations. The genetic conservation index steadily grew over the years with a mean value of 6.53 for the whole pedigree. Genetic variability losses and diffuse structuring might have occurred in the Bísaro population. Notwithstanding, the recent genetic variability indicators seem positive, yet supported by an open herdbook policy. These characteristics must be taken into account to define future mating policies and selection programs.

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SAVOIE, YVAN, and FRANCIS MINVIELLE. "ÉTUDE SUR LES PORCS DE RACE CONTRÔLÉS À LA FERME AU QUÉBEC. 1. SOURCES DE VARIATION." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 1051–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-120.

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Sources of variation for growth, for backfat and for a phenotypic index were studied in Quebec purebred Yorkshire, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc pigs. A total of 94,161 records of backfat measures and of age and weight at the end of test, accumulated between 1977 and 1985, was used in this work. Weight at the end of test was found to be an important source of variation, so growth data were adjusted to 90 kg by linear regression (R2 between 31 and 52%). Gender, parity number, year-season, birth years of parents and herd were also significant factors. Therefore, they will be included as fixed effects in the mixed model to be used to evaluate heritabilities and genetic correlations. Key words: Pig, variation, environmental factors, home test

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Menéndez, J., I. Álvarez, I. Fernández, B. de la Roza, and F. Goyache. "Multiple paternity in domestic pigs under equally probable natural matings – a case study in the endangered Gochu Asturcelta pig breed." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-217-2015.

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Abstract. Here we provide evidence of multiple paternities in naturally mated sows under conditions ensuring that (a) sows had the same probability of being mated by any of the available boars and (b) no differences in hybrid vigour existed. Total DNA was obtained from 19 Gochu Asturcelta piglets from three different sows, each with the same chance of natural mating with two different boars. A set of 20 microsatellites were typed on all the individuals. The program CERVUS was used to asses the informative ability of the microsatellite set and to perform paternity assignment. Allelic frequencies at population level were obtained using a total of 141 Gochu Asturcelta individuals. Offspring were always assigned to a candidate boar with high statistical confidence. All litters had different parents. Our results show that multiple paternities are possible in domestic pigs under natural mating. Furthermore, the current study can be useful to further understand the mating system of the wild boar.

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Cao-De, Jiang, Deng Chang-Yan, and Xiong Yuan-Zhu. "Differences of cytosine methylation in parental lines and F1 hybrids of Large White×Meishan crosses and their effects on F1 performance." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (December 2005): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb200559.

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AbstractIn order to probe the effect of methylation on heterosis, the methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) technique was adopted to amplify pig genome DNA with 40 single arbitrary primers. The material involved parental lines and F1 hybrids of Large White×Meishan crosses. Nineteen differentially methylated sites with RsaI+HpaII digestion and 14 differentially methylated sites with RsaI+MspII digestion between parental lines and the hybrid were found. All fragments detected in this study were grouped into four classes: (1) the same level of methylation in both parental lines and the hybrid; (2) the same level of methylation in one parent and the hybrid; (3) an increased level of methylation in the hybrid compared to the parents, and (4) a decreased level of methylation in the hybrid. Five sites had significant effects on seven traits (P<0.05). Sequence analysis showed that three sequences had a high-identity match in GenBank (greater than 87%) and two sequences had no match in the database. The percentage of G+C in three sequences was over 50, and the observed/expected CpG of all sequences was above 0.6. Furthermore, one sequence contained G/C boxes. This study demonstrated that the sites in CpG islands within a gene promoter were differentially methylated in the hybrid compared to parental lines; methylated sites contributed differentially to F1 performance, showing that heterosis could benefit from either expression or repression of some genes.

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Hurst, Daniel J., Luz A. Padilla, Wendy Walters, James M. Hunter, David K. C. Cooper, Devin M. Eckhoff, David Cleveland, and Wayne Paris. "Paediatric xenotransplantation clinical trials and the right to withdraw." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 5 (November 8, 2019): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105668.

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Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx) may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and participants are aware of the amount of time they will be in the study. This is not so with XTx. The current ethical consensus is that XTx recipients must consent to lifelong monitoring. While this presents challenges to the right to withdraw in the adult population, additional and unanswered questions also linger in the paediatric population. In paediatric XTx, parents or guardians consent not only to the initial treatment of the child but also to lifelong monitoring, thus making a decision whose consequences will remain present as the child develops the capacity for assent, and finally the capacity for informed consent or refusal. This article presents and evaluates unanswered paediatric ethical questions in regard to the right to withdraw from XTx follow-up in the paediatric population.

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Żak, Grzegorz, Marek Pieszka, and Władysław Migdał. "Level of Fatty Acids, Selected Quality Traits of Longissimus Dorsi and Semimembranosus Muscles and Their Relationship with Fattening and Slaughter Performance in Polish Landrace Pigs." Annals of Animal Science 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0066.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the level of fatty acids and selected meat quality traits, as well as their association with fattening and slaughter performance in Polish Landrace pigs. The study was conducted for two muscles: musculus longissimus dorsi and musculus semimembranosus. The study used 100 Polish Landrace gilts. The experimental animals originated from nucleus farms located in Poland. Their parents were animals with a known status of the RYR 1 genotype (all animals were dominant homozygotes). Pigs were fattened, slaughtered and evaluated postmortem in piggeries of the Experimental Stations of the National Research Institute of Animal Production using test station procedures. After reaching 100 kg body weight, pigs were slaughtered and their half-carcasses dissected. Fattening and slaughter parameters were determined. Meat samples were analysed for crude fat using the Soxhlet method. The composition of higher fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. Research results indicate that saturated fatty acids found in m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus were positively correlated to n-3 and n-6 PUFA . A similarly high correlation was observed between the level of UFA and n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the loin and ham. The fact that the proportions of some acids (e.g. n-6/n-3 PUFA ) fail to meet WHO standards requires making efforts to improve them. Likewise, selection work is necessary to improve IMF levels in meat. The low correlations between meat quality traits and fattening and slaughter performance suggest that quality parameters should be regarded as independent traits in pig improvement models. In order to limit meat quality traits in pig improvement models, it is necessary to make use of the correlations between them

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Dunkelberger, J. R., P. K. Mathur, M. S. Lopes, E. F. Knol, and J. C. M. Dekkers. "A major gene for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is not unfavorably associated with overall performance under nonchallenging conditions in commercial pig lines." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2017.1524.

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ABSTRACT A QTL for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was identified in a previous study. The SNP WUR10000125 (WUR) is used as a tag SNP for this QTL. The favorable (B) allele at this SNP is in low frequency in commercial populations, possibly because this allele is unfavorably associated with an important trait under nonchallenging conditions and, therefore, may have been selected against. Therefore, objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of WUR on traits under selection in commercial lines under nonchallenging conditions and to estimate the effect of WUR genotype of parents on performance of crossbred progeny in a commercial-like environment. Data were collected on 4 purebred lines: a Landrace dam line (D1), a Large White dam line (D2), a synthetic sire line (S1), and a Pietrain sire line (S2). Traits analyzed included total number born, number stillborn, farrowing survival, lactation survival, litter mortality, daily feed intake (DFI), backfat, average test daily gain (TGR), average lifetime daily gain (LGR), and Topigs Norsvin selection index (TSI) value, indicative of overall economic value. Deregressed EBV were calculated for each trait (except TSI) and analyzed within line. In the S1 line, AB and BB pigs had significantly lower TGR (P = 0.002) and LGR (P = 0.001) than AA pigs but also lower DFI (P = 0.004). Conversely, AB and BB pigs had significantly higher DFI (P < 0.001) and AB pigs had significantly higher TGR (P = 0.03) than AA pigs in the S2 line. The effect of WUR on TSI was not significant for any line (P ≥ 0.15). Analyses of phenotypic records collected on crossbred progeny of S1 sires and D1 × D2 F1 females showed no significant effect of parent WUR genotype on DFI, backfat, TGR, or LGR (P ≥ 0.07). In conclusion, the effect of WUR was nonsignificant for most traits but the magnitude and direction of the effect differed by trait and by line. The favorable allele for host response to PRRS was associated with greater DFI and a tendency for greater TGR in the S2 line, but the opposite direction of effect was detected for the S1 line. Regardless of the effect on individual traits, no significant effect of WUR on TSI was detected for any line. Therefore, selecting for the B allele is expected to result in progeny with increased resistance to PRRS without compromising overall economic value under normal, nonchallenging conditions.

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Van Kuilenburg, André B. P., Rutger Meinsma, Eva Beke, Barbara Bobba, Patrizia Boffi, Gregory M. Enns, David R. Witt, and Doreen Dobritzsch. "Identification of three novel mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene associated with altered pre-mRNA splicing or protein function." Biological Chemistry 386, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2005.038.

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AbstractDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine, as well as of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Analysis of the DPD gene (DPYD) in two patients presenting with complete DPD deficiency and the parents of an affected child showed the presence of three novel mutations, including one splice site mutation IVS11+1G→T and the missense mutations 731A→C (E244V) and 1651G→A (A551T). The G→T mutation in the invariant GT splice donor site flanking exon 11 (IVS11+1G→T) created a cryptic splice site within exon 11. As a consequence, a 141-bp fragment encoding the aminoacid residues 400–446 of the primary sequence of the DPD protein was missing in the mature DPD mRNA. Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that the E244V mutation might interfere with the electron flow between NADPH and the pyrimidine binding site of DPD. The A551T point mutation might prevent binding of the prosthetic group FMN and affect folding of the DPD protein. The identification of these novel mutations inDPYDwill allow the identification of patients with an increased risk of developing severe 5FU-associated toxicity.

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Piegari, Giuseppe, Emanuele D’Anza, Dario Costanza, Francesco Prisco, Leonardo Meomartino, Ilaria d’Aquino, Sara Albarella, Orlando Paciello, and Francesca Ciotola. "Perosomus Elumbis in Piglets: Pathological, Radiological and Cytogenetic Findings." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041132.

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Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a rare congenital condition characterized by agenesis of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Perosomus elumbis has rarely been reported in literature as morphological description of singles or few cases. Here we report the first extensive description of eight cases of PE detected in two consecutive litters from the same parents of Casertana pig breed. In August 2018, eight piglets were investigated for multiple malformations. All malformed animals, but one, died in the first day of life. The survivor piglet died at 23 days of age. Pathological, radiological and cytogenetic examination was performed. Furthermore, a farm epidemiological investigation was carried out to investigate the percentage of piglets born dead or with malformations in 2018. The radiological and pathological exams showed skeletal abnormalities at the spinal cord level and visceral malformations. Cytogenetic investigations showed a normal chromosome arrangement. Finally, epidemiological investigation revealed a low prevalence of malformations in newborn pigs, equal to 0.5% of the total birth rate of the farm. Our findings report the first extensive description of PE cases in pigs and suggest an underestimation of this malformation in veterinary medicine. Our findings also suggest a specific genetic etiological basis as cause of PE in pigs and exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Further studies will be performed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Sujanto, Bedjo. "INVENTARISASI BEST PRACTICES PENGELOLAAN PENDIDIKAN DI TINGKAT SEKOLAH (SMP NEGERI I TAMBUN SELATAN)." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 14, no. VII (October 31, 2006): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.142.2.

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The objective of this research is to describe stocktaking of best practices in educational management at school level. The research is conducted at Goverment Junior High School I (SMP Negeri) in Southern Tambun in the school year of 2004/2005. The most important finding in the government junior high school is that the school is able to empower the role of parents and society optimally particularly in providing fund to gain the best achievement. The success of education provision by empowering the role of parent and society optimally can be predicted if there is no wrong decision taken by the leaders. The decision is effective if all human factors as supervisors of all activities get strategic positions. To appoint human resources in the strategic position will produce strategic programs which will give a larger opportunity for success. The research finding can have implication on the efforts in sustaining the trust of parents and society around the school, so that the schools can have better quality at national level.

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Waterfield, Thomas, Mark D. Lyttle, Michael Shields, Derek Fairley, Damian Roland, James McKenna, and Kerry Woolfall. "Parents’ and clinicians’ views on conducting paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies without prior informed consent: qualitative insight from the Petechiae in Children study (PiC)." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 10 (June 7, 2019): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317117.

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ObjectiveThe Petechiae in Children (PiC) study assesses the utility of presenting features and rapid diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in feverish children with non-blanching rashes. An embedded qualitative study explored parents’ and clinicians’ views on the acceptability of the PiC study, including the use of research without prior consent (RWPC) in studies of diagnostic test accuracy.DesignSemistructured qualitative interviews. Analysis was thematic and broadly interpretive, informed by the constant comparative approach.ParticipantsFifteen parents were interviewed 55 (median) days since their child’s hospital attendance (range 13–95). Five clinicians involved in recruitment, and consent were interviewed.ResultsParents and clinicians supported RWPC for the PiC study and future emergency paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies as long as there is no harm to the child and emergency care is not delayed. Parents and clinicians made recommendations around the timing and conduct of a consent discussion, which were in line with RWPC guidance. Parents enrolled in the PiC study preferred a design that included consent discussions with the research team over the alternative of ‘opt-out’ consent only.ConclusionsThis embedded qualitative study demonstrates that RWPC is appropriate for use in paediatric emergency studies of diagnostic test accuracy and that the approach used in PiC was appropriate. Future diagnostic studies involving additional invasive procedures or an opt-out only approach to consent would benefit from exploring parent and clinician views on acceptability at the pretrial stage.Trial registration numberNCT03378258

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Fan, B., Z. L. Tang, S. P. Xu, B. Liu, Z. Z. Peng, and K. Li. "Germplasm characteristics and conservation of Tongcheng pig: A case study for preservation and utilization of Chinese indigenous pig breeds." Animal Genetic Resources Information 39 (April 2006): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002133.

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SummaryThe paper describes the breed characteristics, production performance including reproduction, growth, carcass and meat quality traits of the Tongcheng pig, one of the indigenous pig breeds suitable for a hybrid maternal line in central China. Based on the field investigation and data statistics from the farm recordings, the Tongcheng pig has early sexual maturity indicators, and the average litter size is 8.5 for first parity and 9.3 and 11.3 for the second and subsequent parities respectively. In a three-way crossing project launched recently, using the Tongcheng pig as the maternal parent and Landrace or Yorkshire pigs as the paternal parent, the performance testing results showed that Tongcheng pigs had a lower growth and meat production performance than these commercial pigs, but had superior meat quality. The production performance of the two crossing groups Landrace/Yorkshire/Tongcheng pigs) (LYT) and Yorkshire/Landrace/Tongcheng pigs) (YLT) were improved in comparison to their parent lines, and the results further indicated that the LYT cross is a tri-crossing style convenient for farm and village areas in central China. Meanwhile, effective management measures taken towards Tongcheng pig preservation, and a genetic diversity evaluation on the Tongcheng pig were reviewed. This paper offers the Tongcheng pig as a case study for the maintenance and utilization of indigenous pigs in China, which is rich in pig breeds but is also confronting the pig resource crisis.

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Julia Hansen. "Parents, and: The Succession, and: Marriage." Prairie Schooner 83, no. 4 (2009): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.0.0332.

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Shashkova, Tatiana I., Elena U. Martynova, Asiya F. Ayupova, Artemy A. Shumskiy, Polina A. Ogurtsova, Olga V. Kostyunina, Philipp E. Khaitovich, Pavel V. Mazin, and Natalia A. Zinovieva. "Development of a low-density panel for genomic selection of pigs in Russia1." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz182.

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Abstract Genomic selection is routinely used worldwide in agricultural breeding. However, in Russia, it is still not used to its full potential partially due to high genotyping costs. The use of genotypes imputed from the low-density chips (LD-chip) provides a valuable opportunity for reducing the genotyping costs. Pork production in Russia is based on the conventional 3-tier pyramid involving 3 breeds; therefore, the best option would be the development of a single LD-chip that could be used for all of them. Here, we for the first time have analyzed genomic variability in 3 breeds of Russian pigs, namely, Landrace, Duroc, and Large White and generated the LD-chip that can be used in pig breeding with the negligible loss in genotyping quality. We have demonstrated that out of the 3 methods commonly used for LD-chip construction, the block method shows the best results. The imputation quality depends strongly on the presence of close ancestors in the reference population. We have demonstrated that for the animals with both parents genotyped using high-density panels high-quality genotypes (allelic discordance rate < 0.05) could be obtained using a 300 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, while in the absence of genotyped ancestors at least 2,000 SNP markers are required. We have shown that imputation quality varies between chromosomes, and it is lower near the chromosome ends and drops with the increase in minor allele frequency. Imputation quality of the individual SNPs correlated well across breeds. Using the same LD-chip, we were able to obtain comparable imputation quality in all 3 breeds, so it may be suggested that a single chip could be used for all of them. Our findings also suggest that the presence of markers with extremely low imputation quality is likely to be explained by wrong mapping of the markers to the chromosomal positions.

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Campbell, M. A., D. Chen, and P. C. Ronald. "Development of Co-Dominant Amplified Polymorphic Sequence Markers in Rice that Flank the Magnaporthe grisea Resistance Gene Pi7(t) in Recombinant Inbred Line 29." Phytopathology® 94, no. 3 (March 2004): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.3.302.

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Pi7(t), a dominant blast resistance gene derived from the rice cultivar Moroberekan, confers complete resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Pi7(t) previously was positioned on chromosome 11 by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping of a recombinant inbred line population. One derivative of this population, recombinant inbred line (RIL)29, was designated as the representative line for Pi7(t). A segregating F2 population was created from RIL29 in order to determine the location of Pi7(t). The new mapping data indicate a position for Pi7(t) 30 centimorgans distal to the original location. Pi7(t) shares a common position with the previously mapped Pi1 M. grisea resistance gene. RIL29 carries DNA not derived from either parent used to create the RIL population at the newly assigned Pi7(t) locus. RFLP analysis has identified a possible donor source.

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Friedman, S. H., and J. B. Friedman. "Parents Who Kill Their Children." Pediatrics in Review 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): e10-e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.31-2-e10.

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Weitzman, M. "When Pediatric Patients Become Parents." Pediatrics in Review 9, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9-4-99.

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Vaughn, Jacqueline, Donruedee Kamkhoad, Ryan J. Shaw, Sharron L. Docherty, Arvind P. Subramaniam, and Nirmish Shah. "Seriously ill pediatric patient, parent, and clinician perspectives on visualizing symptom data." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 28, no. 7 (March 13, 2021): 1518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab037.

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Abstract Objective This study examined the perspectives on the use of data visualizations and identified key features seriously ill children, their parents, and clinicians prefer to see when visualizing symptom data obtained from mobile health technologies (an Apple Watch and smartphone symptom app). Materials and Methods Children with serious illness and their parents were enrolled into a symptom monitoring study then a subset was interviewed for this study. A study team member created symptom data visualizations using the pediatric participant’s mobile technology data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of participants (n = 14 children; n = 14 parents). In addition, a convenience sample of clinicians (n = 30) completed surveys. Pediatric and parent participants shared their preferences and perspectives on the symptom visualizations. Results We identified 3 themes from the pediatric and parent participant interviews: increased symptom awareness, communication, and interpretability of the symptom visualizations. Clinicians preferred pie charts and simple bar charts for their ease of interpretation and ability to be used as communication tools. Most clinicians would prefer to see symptom visualizations in the electronic health record. Discussion Mobile health tools offer a unique opportunity to obtain patient-generated health data. Effective, concise symptom visualizations can be used to synthesize key clinical information to inform clinical decisions and promote patient-clinician communication to enhance symptom management. Conclusions Effectively visualizing complex mobile health data can enhance understanding of symptom dynamics and promote patient-clinician communication, leading to tailored personalized symptom management strategies.

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Beaver, J. A., and A. F. Iezzoni. "Allozyme Inheritance in Tetraploid Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (November 1993): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.873.

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Inheritance for seven enzyme loci was determined in seeds produced from crosses and self-pollinations involving four sour cherry parents and one open-pollinated ground cherry (P. fruticosa Pall.) parent. Segregation data were used to identify allozymes and determine whether sour cherry is a naturally occurring allo- or autotetraploid. Three allozymes were identified at the 6-Pgd-1 locus, and two were identified at each of the following loci: Pgi-2, Lap-1, Adh-1, Idh-2, Pgm-2, and 6-Pgd-2. Segregating allozyme patterns for the diagnostic loci Idh-2, Pgm-2, 6-Pgd-1, and 6-Pgd-2 tit disomic inheritance models and thus confirmed the allotetraploid hypothesis for sour cherry. Chi-square tests of independence between loci indicated that Pgi-2, Adh-1, Idh-2, 6-Pgd-1, and 6-Pgd-2 were not linked.

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Hapsari, Iriani Indri, and Herdiyan Maulana. "PERBEDAAN PENERIMAAN DIRI ORANG TUA YANG MEMILIKI ABK BERDASARKAN KEIKUTSERTAAN DALAM KEGIATAN SUPPORT GROUP." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 23, no. XIV (April 29, 2011): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.231.4.

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The aim of this research was to analyse the differences between the self acceptence of parents with handicapped children based on their involvment in the support group compared to those without any involvement. In this research, 64 parents with handicapped children were selected using nonprobability sampling with incidental sampling type. The samples comprised of 32 parents with involvement in support group and the remaining were without any involvement. Adapted Berger Self Acceptance Scale was used for the measurement of the research. Independent sample T-Test was the statistical analysis method used for the research. The result showed that t = 0, 267 with df = 62 ; t < t able (2) and p = 0,79 ; p > 0,05, meaning Ho was accepted and H1 was rejected. The result showed that there is no significance different between self acceptence of parents with handicaped children who join the support group with those who have not joined the group. Discussion of this research concluded there are several factors influencing this finding, such as family, cultural problems, and religious view, beside social and economic status.

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Chen, Y. C., C. F. Kao, M. K. Lu, Y. K. Yang, S. C. Liao, F. L. Jang, W. J. Chen, R. B. Lu, and P. H. Kuo. "The relationship of family characteristics and bipolar disorder using causal-pie models." European Psychiatry 29, no. 1 (January 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.05.004.

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AbstractMany family characteristics were reported to increase the risk of bipolar disorder (BPD). The development of BPD may be mediated through different pathways, involving diverse risk factor profiles. We evaluated the associations of family characteristics to build influential causal-pie models to estimate their contributions on the risk of developing BPD at the population level. We recruited 329 clinically diagnosed BPD patients and 202 healthy controls to collect information in parental psychopathology, parent-child relationship, and conflict within family. Other than logistic regression models, we applied causal-pie models to identify pathways involved with different family factors for BPD. The risk of BPD was significantly increased with parental depression, neurosis, anxiety, paternal substance use problems, and poor relationship with parents. Having a depressed mother further predicted early onset of BPD. Additionally, a greater risk for BPD was observed with higher numbers of paternal/maternal psychopathologies. Three significant risk profiles were identified for BPD, including paternal substance use problems (73.0%), maternal depression (17.6%), and through poor relationship with parents and conflict within the family (6.3%). Our findings demonstrate that different aspects of family characteristics elicit negative impacts on bipolar illness, which can be utilized to target specific factors to design and employ efficient intervention programs.

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Deviaterikova, Alena A., Vladimir V. Kasatkin, and Boris B. Velichovsky. "The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-18 s in Russia." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 1 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0104.

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Background. Fatigue is the most common complaint by children both during and after cancer treatment, but in Russia, there is no reliable method for assessing fatigue. Objective. To develop a Russian version of the Turkish Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Ages 7-18. Design. Our first step was to translate all the items of the Turkish questionnaire into Russian. Then, through discussion, we created a single proposition for each item. The next step was obtaining expert opinions to assess the validity. Once the expert estimates agreed, a pilot version of the questionnaire was formed. The next step was to collect a large sample of patients to study the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results. As a result of factor analysis, three factors were identified. The first factor was "fatigue associated with actions;" the second was "fatigue as feeling;" and the third was "fatigue associated with sleep difficulties." The children's and parents’ versions had the same factor structure. Conclusion. This study showed the possibility of using the questionnaire in a Russian sample. That’s why it is necessary to continue collecting and analyzing data in this direction. The reliability of the test was also assessed. The reliability of the parent version scored a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. The reliability of the children’s version showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93.

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Beardslee, William R. "Children of Parents With Affective Disorder." Pediatrics in Review 10, no. 10 (April 1989): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.10-10-313.

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Gold, M. A., E. C. Perrin, D. Futterman, and S. B. Friedman. "Children of Gay or Lesbian Parents." Pediatrics in Review 15, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.15-9-354.

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Woolston, J. L. "A Child's Reactions to Parents' Problems." Pediatrics in Review 8, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.8-6-169.

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Soldatova, Galina U., Elena I. Rasskazova, and Svetlana V. Chigarkova. "Digital Socialization of Adolescents in the Russian Federation: Parental Mediation, Online Risks, and Digital Competence." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 13, no. 4 (2020): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2020.0413.

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Background. Digital socialization is understood to be mediated by all available digital technological processes for mastering and appropriating a social experience online. Understanding of this new type of socialization requires studying parental mediation strategies for children’s online activity, as well as the level of digital literacy of both children and parents, including through the prism of adolescents’ confrontation with online risks. Objective. To study digital socialization and the role of parents in this process; to reveal relationships between parental user activity, mediation, and digital competence, and adolescents’ user activity, digital competence, and experience of online risks. Design. The study was conducted on the basis of the EU Kids Online 2017–2019 survey methodology. The sample consisted of 1,553 schoolchildren aged 12–17 and 1,219 parents of adolescents the same age, all from the Russian Federation. Results. The findings show that parents underestimate the online risks faced by adolescents, especially the most common communication and content online risks. Adolescents often do not notice parental “restrictive” and “active“ mediation of their online activities. Adolescents’ request for parental help with their online difficulties depends not on the parents’ digital competence, but on their active mediation. In following parental active mediation and safety mediation strategies, adolescents are more likely to face online risks, but at the same time they use active coping strategies. The negative relationship between the adolescents’ digital competence and parental restrictive mediation and technical control suggests that excessive control and limitations hinder the development of knowledge and skills in the safe mastering of the Internet. Conclusion. The digital gap between adolescents and parents is observed both in confrontation with online risks and awareness of this experience, and in the application of parental mediation strategies. Parental active mediation provides stronger digital socialization and more constructive ways of coping with the threats of the digital world – online risks, which are the consequence of deep immersion into this world.

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Lopez-Medina, Jose, B. J. Murphy, and J. N. Moore. "Identification of Raspberry–Blackberry Hybrid Seedlings by Isozyme Staining and Soluble Protein Banding Patterns." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 620c—620. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.620c.

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Isozyme staining and SDS-PAGE of soluble proteins were performed using leaf homogenates from 6- to 8-month-old field-grown seedlings resulting from the cross of either `Heritage' or `Nova' raspberry with ARK-577 diploid blackberry, the latter used as the pollen-donor parent. Four enzyme systems were tested: ADH, PGM, MDH, and PGI. Of these, ADH and PGM did not show any activity; MDH was monomorphic in both raspberry and blackberry parents, with activity at the same migration distance. PGI was polymorphic in the two raspberry cultivars, showing three dimeric bands, but monomorphic in blackberry; the allele for PGI in blackberry being common to that allele coding for the most cathodal band in raspberry. This phenomenon, in addition to poor resolution of bands (due, perhaps to low enzyme activity) and evidence of accidental self-pollination in our populations, prevented us from positively identifying the hybrid offspring using isozymes. By SDS-PAGE of soluble proteins, two bands were detected that seemed to be unique to ARK-577 blackberry and were also expressed in some of the offspring, suggesting a hybrid origin of these seedlings. Morphological comparisons indicated that those seedlings possessing the two unique bands highly resemble the blackberry male parent, greatly supporting their hybrid origin. Unless additional analysis shows otherwise, SDS-PAGE can be used to identify Raspberry–Blackberry hybrids during their vegetative stage of development, and might prove applicable to other interspecific hybrids of Rubus.

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Sobkin, Vladimir S., and Ksenia N. Skobeltsina. "Shared activities of parents with their preschool children during family pastime." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 8, no. 2 (2015): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2015.0205.

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Spivakovskaya, Alla S., and Anna M. Lutsenko. "Resource Factors Allowing People with Alcohol-addicted Parents to Overcome Their Negative Emotions: A Latent Variable Model and Content Analysis." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 2 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0203.

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Background. People with alcohol-addicted parents are at risk of psychoactive addictions, co-dependency, and suicidal behavior. Most studies of these people are aimed at confirming the inevitability of the impact of negative childhood experiences on their lives, and thus do not seek to identify resource factors which would allow them to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Objective. The purpose of this study was to create a model of resource factors which would allow people with alcohol-addicted parents to overcome the negative emotions they experienced. Design. The participants were 58 healthy individuals (17 men and 41 women; M=25.2; SD=4.4) whose parents were alcohol addicts (they were participants in the 12-step recovery program "Adult Children of Alcoholics"), and 50 healthy individuals (15 men and 35 women, M=24.2; SD=3.7) whose parents were not alcohol addicts. The participants completed the questionnaires "Interpersonal Guilt," "Family Emotional Communication," and "Coping Strategies," and were interviewed on the resource factors which allowed them to overcome negative emotions. We used the content analysis of the interviews and latent variable modeling to analyze the questionnaires. Results. The model of resource factors (CFI=0.895, RMSEA=0.064) showed that the rules set by the parental dysfunctional family (the taboo on the expressing emotions, and external well-being) were associated with being unable to recognize current negative emotions and with avoiding problems. The ability to recognize negative emotions was connected with the participant’s willingness to accept responsibility for his/her life. The resource factors which allowed these subjects to overcome their negative emotions included: communication with relatives and friends; keeping a diary of emotions; and participating in recovery programs. Conclusion. Our model of resource factors explains the mechanism connecting dysfunctional family rules with the resource factors and negative emotions experienced by people with alcohol-addicted parents.

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Suprayekti, Suprayekti. "PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN BELAJAR “PENDIDIKAN KARAKATER ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR” UNTUK ORANG TUA." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 27, no. 1 (April 18, 2013): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.271.7.

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Abstrak: Character education aims at improving religiuos, social, and emotional intelligence. To meet the aim notonly the school is responsible but also the parents are responsible for building the children’s character. The purposeof this research, therefore, is to produce the design development of character value determined by the parents and thelearning material appearnce. Applying development method, the research was conducted in Jakarta as from Aprilthrough December 2012. As a development research, it included the development design, prototype, and evaluationof the learning materials. Data were collected by observation, interview, and questionair. The respondents, selectedby accidental sampling technique, consisted of 10 parents and 10 primary school teachers. The result of the researchshowed the religious value was choosen as the main value of character education for the primary school studentsof grade 1-3 and honesty value for grade 4 -5. Keywords: learning materials, character education, instructional material design

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Akinyode, Esther T., Justina B. O. Porbeni, David K. Ojo, Olufemi O. O. Pitan, Adenike O. Olufolaji, Victor Chikaleke, Ayoola M. Abdul-Rafiu, and Dorcas O. Ibitoye. "Estimation of Heterosis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits in the African Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum) Hybrids." Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 6, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/pbg.006.02.2648.

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African eggplant is an important fruit and leafy vegetable in Africa. Heterosis over mid and better parents was estimated in eight crosses of eggplant involving eight pure lines in a field experiment in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences were further subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test. The aim of this study was to identify superior hybrids that can be advanced in the eggplant breeding program for improved yield and related traits. Significant variation was observed among all traits measured for the parents and hybrids. The highest fruit number was observed in NHS10-40 and in NHS 10-71 x NHS 10-40 among the parents and hybrids respectively. The highest heterosis was recorded in the cross between NHS10-71 x NHS10-40.

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Frazier, Katheryn F., and Rebecca J. Scharf. "Parent-Infant Attachment." Pediatrics in Review 36, no. 1 (January 2015): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.36-1-41.

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Sekido, Keiko, Yusaku Hayashi, Kunio Yamada, Katsuhiro Shiratake, Shogo Matsumoto, Tsutomu Maejima, and Hiromitsu Komatsu. "Efficient Breeding System for Red-fleshed Apple Based on Linkage with S3-RNase Allele in ‘Pink Pearl’." HortScience 45, no. 4 (April 2010): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.534.

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We have used a red-fleshed apple cultivar, Malus ×domestica Pink Pearl, and its progeny, ‘JPP 35’, as paternal parents for producing new red-fleshed cultivars suitable for fresh use or processing such as pie fillings, dried apple, apple juice, or cider. In this process, we found that the S3-RNase allele of ‘Pink Pearl’ was linked to its red flesh trait. It was suggested that this trait might be controlled by a new gene apart from the MYB10 (MdMYB10) gene. Using ‘JPP 35’ (S-RNase allele genotype; S3S7) produced by ‘Jonathan’ (S7S9) × ‘Pink Pearl’ (S3Sx) as a paternal parent, we developed a system for producing red-fleshed progenies suitable for fresh use. That is, 96% and 86% of progenies from ‘Shinano Sweet’ (S1S7) × ‘JPP35’ (S3S7) and ‘Orin’ (S2S7) × ‘JPP35’ (S3S7) containing the S3-RNase allele, respectively, showed the red flesh trait. Similarly, red-fleshed progenies suitable for apple pie or natural red juice could be produced by ‘Jonathan’ (S7S9) × ‘JPP35’ (S3S7).

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Bassey, Itoro. "To the Children Growing Up in the Aftermath of Their Parents' War." Prairie Schooner 94, no. 1 (2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2020.0026.

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Řehout, V., E. Hradecká, and J. Čítek. "Evaluation of parentage testing in the Czech population of Holsteincattle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 12 (December 5, 2011): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3970-cjas.

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A set of 233 Holstein calves, their 233 dams and 44 sires from 4 large-sized herds was genotyped for 10 microsatellites recommended by ISAG for paternity/parentage testing. Heterozygosity of microsatellites ranged from 0.607 (SPS115) to 0.835 (TGLA227), and PIC from 0.575 (SPS115) to 0.816 (TGLA227) confirming a high polymorphism of each analysed locus. Their combined exclusion probability reached 0.999, which made them suitable and sufficiently accurate for parentage testing. A conflict between putative parents and calf in at least 2 markers with combined exclusion probability > 0.9 was required to reject parentage. The pedigree was considered incorrect in 25 (10.73%) out of the evaluated progeny/parent trios, of which in 10 samples the genotype of both parents did not match their offspring, and in 2 samples the putative dam was in conflict with the calf genotype. This result shows that the interchange of calves on farms with large-sized herds plays the role as important as the errors in sire identification, or recording mistakes.  

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Krueger, Carsten, Ruth McWhannell, and Andreas Schulze. "Vomiting in a 40-day-old Infant with Consanguineous Parents." Pediatrics in Review 41, Supplement 1 (October 2020): S91—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2018-0287.

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Soldatova, G. V., and E. I. Rasskazova. "Assessment of the digital competence in Russian adolescents and parents: Digital Competence Index." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 7, no. 4 (2014): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2014.0406.

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Radko, Anna, and Angelika Podbielska. "Microsatellite DNA Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Parentage Testing in the Popular Dog Breeds in Poland." Genes 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040485.

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There is growing concern that extreme breed standardization contributes to a reduction of the effective population size and high levels of inbreeding, resulting in the loss of genetic diversity in many breeds. This study examined genetic diversity among eight popular dog breeds in Poland and evaluated the effectiveness of a 21-microsatellite (STR) panel recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) for parent verification. The following breeds were characterized: German Shepherd, Maltese, Irish Wolfhound, Yorkshire Terrier, Biewer Yorkshire Terrier, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and French Bulldog. STRUCTURE analysis showed breed distinctiveness among all the dog breeds under study. Reynold’s distance ranged between θw = 0.634 and θw = 0.260. The studied breeds showed a medium level of genetic differentiation; the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 3.4 to 6.6, and the effective number of alleles from 2.1 to 3.5. The mean degree of heterozygosity varied from 49% to 69% and from 47% to 68% for HO and HE, respectively. The population inbreeding coefficient (FIS) indicated an absence of inbreeding in the studied breeds. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values for most of the breeds were higher than 0.5. The cumulative power of discrimination (PD) for all the markers in all breeds reached high values (close to 1.0), while the probability of identity (PID) was low, ranging between 10−11 and 10−19. The cumulative exclusion probability when the genotypes of one (PE1) and both parents (PE2) are known and showed that the parentage can be confirmed with a probability of 94.92% to 99.95% and 99.78% to 99.9999%, respectively.

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Ralejoe, Malehlanye Constantinus. "Exploring Parental Involvement in Education in Selected Inclusive Secondary Schools in Maseru District, Lesotho." International Educational Research 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ier.v4n1p1.

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This study investigated parental understanding of the concept “Parental Involvement in Education” of their children (PIE) in three inclusive secondary schools in the Maseru District of Lesotho. It also investigated the extent to which parents make contributions to the education of their children. The study was quantitative, exploratory in nature and used a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect data. 700 parents in these schools were randomly selected to fill the questionnaires and the data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results revealed that most parents understand PIE and its implications, but do not do much to assist teachers in schools. Mothers appeared to support the teaching of their children more than fathers. Prominent barriers in their efforts to help teachers included work-related commitments and a lower level of education. The study proposed formation of support groups involving all stakeholders for the purpose of raising awareness about PIE, educating parents about their roles in the education of their children, and improving communication among all stakeholders.

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Saul, R. A., and S. H. Meredith. "Beyond the Genetic Diagnosis: Providing Parents What They Want to Know." Pediatrics in Review 37, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2015-0092.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pig parents'

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