Academic literature on the topic 'Pig producer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pig producer"
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Knecht, Damian, Anna Jankowska-Mąkosa, and Kamil Duziński. "Does the activity of producer group organizations improve the production of pigs?" Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 3 (2015): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0029.
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Abstract There are many works dealing with the activities of small farms, however there is a lack of papers about production and economic performance of small farms associated in producer group organizations. The aim of the study was to compare the production parameters of selected pig producer groups over two years (2010-2011). The basis for the analysis were the results of surveys carried out in 174 individual farms, which were members of 4 groups of pig producers. The study was conducted through direct interviews using a personal questionnaire. The average herd size of sows increased in the next year by 18.5% and the average annual production volume of fatteners by 9.3%. Average meatiness increased from 53.8% to 54.5%. In order to estimate the revenues a model of factors dependent on the farmer was created, expressed as the production of 1 kg of raw material. Three independent variables were introduced into the model: meatiness of fatteners (X1), the size of produced fatteners (X2), weight of fatteners (X3). The model developed in the study was proposed to groups as a tool to measure the efficiency of production and is currently being used by them. The results indicate that the activities of pig producers have a positive effect on production effectiveness and confirms the validity of horizontal integration in agriculture. Managing production in accordance with the statute imposed on the producer group showed a similar quality of produced raw materials, while the average annual sales of fatteners increased, which may contribute to the ability to negotiate purchase prices.
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Shull, Caleb M. "395 Impact of pig mortality on U.S. pig producers." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.340.
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Abstract Swine producers in the U.S. face a significant challenge. On top of the ever-changing market dynamics that lead to wide swings in profitability or loss, is an underlying issue of pig mortality that the industry must address. While significant improvements in total piglets born per litter have been achieved over the last 10 years, pig mortality has seen no improvement or has worsened (Figure 1). When expressed as a percentage of piglets born (excluding mummies), a total of 7.9% were recorded as stillborn and 13.4% died prior to weaning in 2019. Assuming a typical mortality range of 7–10% from weaning to harvest, a typical U.S. producer could expect to lose around 27–30% of all piglets born. In addition, the average producer had around 12% annual sow mortality (Figure 1). Litter size and post-weaning growth rate and feed efficiency will always factor heavily into research priorities due to the economic impact associated with those traits; however, the opportunity to drive value through reduction in pig losses across the production cycle is staggering. In defense of the industry, improving pig survival is not an easy task for a number of reasons. The sample size (i.e., number of pigs) required to do mortality research correctly is often a limiting factor for many production systems. Furthermore, a cross-functional approach is likely required to make significant improvements in mortality. Specifically, the relationship between genetics, health, and management practices warrant consideration. Recent collaboration across the industry to improve mortality is a positive step forward and this collaboration should continue moving forward.
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I W., SUKANATA, B. R. T. PUTRI, and SUCIANI . "PREFERENSI PRODUSEN BABI GULING TERHADAP BABI BALI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 21, no. 2 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2018.v21.i02.p05.
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This study aims at observing the main attributes of bali pigs that prefer as a raw material suckling pig producer.Farmers have to know this thing in order to increase consumer satisfaction and their loyality. The data usedinterview and observation as primary data collected to fifty producers of suckling pig which is located in Bali. Theywere interviewed using questionnaires and analyzed with chi square and multiatribut Fishbein analysis. It showedthat preferences of producers based on attributes of color, gender, body size and body condition significantly differwithin 95% level of interest. Bali pig attributes that preferred by the producer as a raw material of roasted pig isbali pig with balck colour, sex of male, 10 up to 15 kg of body weight and fat body condition. The bali pig attributesconsidered by the producer in making decision to buy from the most consideration to the minimum such as bodysize, body condition, gender, and color. Body condition attribute was considered to be less satisfying for producersindicated with satisfaction score 2.9 from the maximum score of 5. So, it is important that farmers should payattention to these attributes in the future.
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LARSÉN, K., P. SKARGREN, and C. J. LAGERKVIST. "Optimal share contracts between pig producers." Agricultural and Food Science 16, no. 3 (2008): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960607783328191.
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This paper analyses the economic benefits from vertical coordination in pig production (i.e. a contract between a specialised piglet and a specialised fattening pig producer) using a static model of a share contract. An empirical illustration is presented for Swedish pig producers considering the impact of growth rates, feed conversion efficiency and mortality rates. Moreover, the variation in pig prices and the biological variation in the growth rates of pigs are considered. Producers are assumed to be risk averse and the risk aversion concept is elaborated by obtaining the producers desired confidence level that corresponds to a given risk aversion coefficient. The results suggest that there exists a range of Pareto efficient share allocations. Potential gains in expected utility from vertical coordination compared to independent production are about 25% for both categories of producers.;
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Zhou, Ziyu, and Benjamin M. Bohrer. "PSII-8 Defining pig sort loss with a simulation of various marketing options of pigs with the assumption that marketing cuts improve variation in carcass weight and leanness." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.402.
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Abstract The study offers clarification on pig sort loss and associated marketing strategies using a simulated pig marketing modeling system. The objective was to investigate the economic variability associated with marketing strategies using the simulated pig marketing models. Typically, individual pigs are assessed by measuring carcass weight and predicted leanness, which is then incorporated into a two-factor grid for producer payment, providing incentives for producers who consistently produce desirable carcasses and discounts for producers who produce inconsistent or undesirable carcasses. The simulation considered six producers with the presumption that each had a maximum capacity for 4,800 grow-finish pigs, in order to imitate commercial finishing barns with 48 pens of roughly 100 pigs per pen. The simulation dataset was created using a random number generator with the inverse of the cumulative normal distribution function on Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Inc., USA) with a targeted carcass weight (102.86 kg) and average predicted lean (60%) based on industry averages and previous research studies. Under the assumption that variability in carcass weight and predicted leanness decreased with the addition of each marketing cut, the simulation incorporated a standard deviation reduction of 20% per increase of one marketing cut for both carcass weight and predicted leanness of the population of pigs marketed on a given day. Consequently, there was an increase in profitability; as well as, a decrease in pig sort loss (defined with both carcass weight and predicted leanness) with each marketing cut, but these profitability improvements diminished (as a percentage improvement) with each additional marketing cut. Finally, this simulation provides an appropriate framework and the necessary equations to allow repetition of the different parameters and marketing grid specifically related to an individual producer and processing facility. Thus, helping the industry gain a better understanding of how market cuts can decrease variation and consequently improve profitability.
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NIEMI, J. K. "A dynamic programming model for optimising feeding and slaughter decisions regarding fattening pigs." Agricultural and Food Science 15, Supplement (2006): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5855.
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Costs of purchasing new piglets and of feeding them until slaughter are the main variable expenditures in pig fattening. They both depend on slaughter intensity, the nature of feeding patterns and the technological constraints of pig fattening, such as genotype. Therefore, it is of interest to examine the effect of production technology and changes in input and output prices on feeding and slaughter decisions. This study examines the problem by using a dynamic programming model that links genetic characteristics of a pig to feeding decisions and the timing of slaughter and takes into account how these jointly affect the quality-adjusted value of a carcass. The state of nature and the genotype of a pig are known in the analysis. The results suggest that producer can benefit from improvements in the pigs genotype. Animals of improved genotype can reach optimal slaughter maturity quicker and produce leaner meat than animals of poor genotype. In order to fully utilise the benefits of animal breeding, the producer must adjust feeding and slaughter patterns on the basis of genotype. The results also suggest that the producer can benefit from flexible feeding technology. Typically, such a technology provides incentives to feed piglets with protein-rich feed. When the pig approaches slaughter maturity, the share of protein-rich feed in the diet gradually decreases and the amount of energy-rich feed increases. Generally, the optimal slaughter weight is within the weight range that pays the highest price per kilogram of pig meat. The optimal feeding pattern and the optimal timing of slaughter depend on price ratios. Particularly, an increase in the price of pig meat provides incentives to increase the growth rates up to the pigs biological maximum by increasing the amount of energy in the feed. Price changes and changes in slaughter premium can also have large income effects.;
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Balogh, Péter. "Global and national economic importance of pig meat production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 73 (August 29, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/73/1620.
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The pork production has changed significant in recent decades. Pig production fell significantly due to the need to adapt to new animal welfare rules in the sector. Furthermore, change in the meat consumption habit had also a negative effect on pig meat production. Hungarian pig sector and meat industry are in a difficult situation. Due to the high feed prices, the average production cost of pig farming has often exceeded the producer prices in recent years, therefore an increase of pig population could not be realised yet. Pig market is characterised by cyclical fluctuations of supply and prices, furthermore the decreasing producer price occurred parallel with increasing feed prices.Technology is also a critical fact in the Hungarian pig sector because there is a huge gap in the level of technology compared to that of competitive member states. With the development of production methods the efficiency of pork meat production can be improved in an environmentally friendly way.
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Liu, Xuanli, Gay Y. Miller, and Paul E. McNamara. "Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 37, no. 3 (2005): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027085.
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We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65–75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed.
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Franco, Katherine, Luis Leyda, and Sven Kallen. "Life Smart Fertirrigation: Integrated Pig Manure Processing for Direct Injection of Organic Liquid Fertilizer into Irrigation Systems." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030092.
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Spain is Europe’s second largest producer of pork with 99.561 pig farms. The excess of manure available in intensive pig breeding areas in combination with lack of land to spread it on, needs addressing. Around 70 million kg of pig manure is produced daily in the country. A variety of methods exists for slurry processing, although few can be considered as nutrient recovering processes or resource-efficient techniques. Currently, the solid fraction is dried or composted but little attention is paid to the liquid fraction which is considered to be “waste water” and can be expensive to treat. The liquid fraction is either applied directly to crops, left in lagoons to evaporate as much as possible or even illegally dumped into lakes or rivers. These processes cause an enormous environmental impact, increasing greenhouse emissions, polluting water reserves and soil.
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Duvaleix, Sabine, Marie Lassalas, Laure Latruffe, Vasilia Konstantidelli, and Irene Tzouramani. "Adopting Environmentally Friendly Farming Practices and the Role of Quality Labels and Producer Organisations: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Two European Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410457.
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Various drivers behind the adoption of environmentally friendly practices have been investigated at the farm level in the literature, e.g., farmers’ motivations and attitudes, farms’ structure, and management or policies. Yet, the way in which quality labels and producer organisations influence the adoption of environmentally friendly practices by farmers is still under-researched. We contribute to this topic and present the results of qualitative interviews with producer organisations, conducted in 2019 in two contrasting case studies: the pig sector in Brittany (western France), and the olive oil sector in Crete (Greece). Our study shows that economic actors of food supply chains in these two case studies use European quality labels, a couple of national schemes, and a proliferation of private quality labels (in Brittany’s pig sector). Our interviews reveal that many quality labels, for which agricultural farming systems must comply with a set of rules, are not specifically aimed at improving environmental impacts. In the Cretan olive oil sector, we observe several European public labels. In the French pig sector, many quality labels do not include requirements for practices aiming at improving the environment, but instead focus on other practices that matter for society, namely improving animal welfare. However, advisory services provided by the producer organisations can play a key role in the adoption of environmentally friendly practices. They include research programmes and agronomic events. In Crete, producer organisations are able to offer technical assistance thanks to European support programmes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pig producer"
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Hernandes, Juliana Fátima de Moraes. "Políticas públicas na gestão ambiental da suinocultura no Vale do Taquari - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27278.
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O Brasil é, atualmente, o quarto maior produtor e quarto maior exportador mundial de suínos. O crescimento da suinocultura nacional tem sido resultado de avanços na produtividade do rebanho industrial, aumento do número de matrizes alojadas e investimentos nas instalações das granjas. O Rio Grande do Sul é o segundo produtor brasileiro de suínos. A cadeia de produção de suínos no estado encontra-se bem estruturada, a partir de mecanismos de coordenação vertical, sendo que o crescimento do sistema integrado de produção vem permitindo ganhos significativos de produtividade para a suinocultura gaúcha. Apesar dos resultados econômicos positivos, a suinocultura pode causar impactos negativos ao ambiente em que está inserida. Neste trabalho realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com o objetivo de identificar as ações de alguns atores da suinocultura, no Vale do Taquari, visando a diminuição dos impactos ambientais na região. Os diferentes atores participantes desta pesquisa são as granjas de suínos que possuem licenciamento ambiental pela FEPAM - órgão oficial que fiscaliza e regulariza a suinocultura -, as integradoras, a extensão Rural - representada, neste trabalho, pela EMATER/RS-regional Estrela – e a comunidade envolvida com a suinocultura na região. O Vale do Taquari abriga cerca de 30 por cento do efetivo de suínos do estado. A região também é caracterizada por ter a maior concentração de suínos em criação no Rio Grande do Sul. Esta pesquisa desenvolveu-se utilizando o método interpretativo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Verificou-se o número de granjas com condições de receber a licença ambiental pela FEPAM em 2009, sendo que este órgão verifica apenas granjas de porte médio a excepcional, no Vale do Taquari. Até o término da coleta de dados desta pesquisa, foi constatado que esta Instituição havia registrado 1.237 granjas com processo de licenciamento ambiental, das quais 37 por cento estavam com suas licenças em vigor, 19 por cento encontravam-se com suas licenças vencidas e 44 por cento passaram para o licenciamento municipal. Os resultados indicam que para o Vale do Taquari, dentre as granjas com licença concedida pela FEPAM, as que operam em Unidades Produtoras de Leitão - UPLs são as que mais lançam dejetos a partir de sua produção, pois além de produzirem a quantidade diária de 45 litros/matriz, apresentam um número elevado de animais abrigados neste sistema. As UPLs são unidades de produção onde existem somente as fases do ciclo produtivo que compreendem os reprodutores, o nascimento dos leitões (maternidade) e crescimento inicial (Creche, peso de 6 a 25 kg). Verificou-se ainda que 45,76 por cento das propriedades estavam em condições de obter o licenciamento ambiental sem restrições e 54,23 necessitavam melhorias a serem feitas na propriedade. Quanto às agroindústrias, responsáveis por integrar grande parte dos suinocultores da região, estas apresentam políticas ambientais para seus integrados e buscam a efetivação da regulamentação ambiental nas propriedades. A Extensão Rural também contribui para o desenvolvimento da atividade na região levando projetos de melhoramento aos suinocultores visando à diminuição do impacto ambiental gerado pela atividade. Também tem papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade na região a UNIVATES por meio de iniciativas como a fundação do comitê de suinocultura do Vale do Taquari. Segundo os relatórios da FEPAM as melhorias a serem realizadas nas granjas do Vale do Taquari dizem respeito, na grande maioria, ao tratamento dos dejetos, todavia indicou-se também a necessidade de melhor manejo dos animais mortos e a necessidade de melhorar as instalações das granjas para melhor alocar os animais.<br>Nowadays Brazil is the fourth largest producer and fourth largest swine exporter around the world. The growth of the brasilian production has been the result from advances in industrial productivity of the herd, increasing in the number of animals and investment in the sties. Rio Grande do Sul is currently the second brasilian pig producer. The swine production chain is well structured at the State by the vertical coordination mechanisms and also, the growth of the pork producer system has taken significant productivity gains for the swine farmer at State. Despite the positive economic results the activity may produce negative impact at the environment in which it operates. This work is a descriptive study aiming to identify the actions from some swineculture actors, at the Vale do Taquari, aiming at reducing the environmental impacts on the region. The different actors participating in this research are swine farms from Vale do Taquari that have environmental licenses by FEPAM – government agency that supervises and regulates the swineculture - integrative companies, the Rural Extension- represented by EMATER/RS-Estrela department- and the community involved with the activity at that region.The Vale do Taquari has almost 30 percent of the Rio Grande do Sul’s swine herd and it is also characterized by having the largest concentration of animals in creating at the state. This study was conducted using the interpretative method, through literature and documentary researches. It was verified how many farms, at the Vale do Taquari, had conditions to receive the environmental license for FEPAM in 2009 being that FEPAM checks only a medium-sized farms to exceptional. Still the end of the data collection for this research, it was found that FEPAM had registered 1237 farms with environmental licensing process, of which 37 percent were with their licenses in force, 19 percent were with their expired licenses and 44 percent went to the municipal licensing. The results are that in that region, among the farms with licenses granted by the FEPAM, the farms that operating in UPLs are the ones that most throw waste from its production, because besides they produce the daily amount of 45 liters/animal they have a high number of animals housed in the system.The UPL system is a production unit where there are only the production cycle phases that include breeders, the birth of piglets (maternity) and first time life growth (weight of 6 to 25 kg). The results revealed that 45,76 percent of the farms were able to obtain an environmental license without restrictions and 54.23 needed improvements to be done on the property. It was also found that the agricultural industries, responsible for integrating many of the swine farmers in the region, have environmental policies for their integrated and seek this one for the properties. The Rural Extension also contributes to the development of activity in the region leading improvement projects to lessen the environmental impact generated by the activity. Also has a fundamental role for sustainable development in the region UNIVATES that through such initiatives founded a Vale do Taquari swine culture committee. According to reports FEPAM improvements to be carried out on Vale do Taquari farms concern, in most cases, the management and treatment of waste but also indicated the need for better management of the animals killed and the need to improve the facilities of the farms to better allocate the animals.
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Myers, Amanda Jean. "The Effects of porcine intestinal mucosa products on nursery pig growth performance and feeder trough space and adjustment on finishing pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11982.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>Robert D. Goodband<br>A total of 5,480 pigs involving 10 experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 feeder gap settings: 1.27, 1.91, or 2.54 cm, while Exp. 2 evaluated the effects of feeder trough space (4.45 vs. 8.9 cm/pig) and minimum feeder gap opening of 1.27 vs. 2.54 cm. In Exp. 1, pigs fed with increasing feeder gap had decreased (linear; P < 0.03) G:F due to increased (linear; P <0.02) ADFI. In Exp. 2, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for increased ADG as feeder trough space increased from 4.45 to 8.9 cm/pig. Pigs fed with the wide feeder gap setting had increased (P < 0.01) ADFI and decreased (P < 0.01) G:F compared to pigs with the narrow feeder gap setting.
Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted to determine the effects of diet form (meal vs. pellet) and feeder design (conventional dry vs. wet-dry) on finisher pig performance. In Exp. 3, pigs fed pelleted diets or via a wet-dry feeder had greater (P < 0.07 and 0.01, respectively) ADG then those fed meal diets or with a dry feeder. Diet × feeder interactions (P < 0.02) were observed for G:F. When pelleted diets were presented in dry feeders, G:F decreased, while no difference in G:F was observed between meal and pelleted diets presented in wet-dry feeders. In Exp. 4, pigs fed with wet-dry feeders had increased (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI compared to those with dry feeders, while pigs presented pelleted diets had improved (P = 0.05) G:F compared to those presented meal diets.
Experiments 5 to 9 were conducted to determine the effects of porcine intestinal mucosa products, PEP2+, Peptone 50, and PEP-NS, on the growth performance of nursery pigs. In Exp. 5, pigs fed increasing PEP2 had increased (quadratic; P < 0.02) overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F with the greatest response observed at 4% PEP2. In Exp. 6, pigs fed PEP2 had improved (P < 0.03) G:F compared to pigs fed select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) and increasing PEP2 improved (quadratic; P < 0.04) G:F with the greatest improvement seen when diets contained 4% PEP2. In Exp. 7 pigs fed PEP2+, Peptone 50 and PEP-NS had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed a negative control diet. In Exp. 8, pigs fed diets containing 6% SMFM, PEP2+, or PEP-NS had improved (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the negative control or 6% Peptone 50. In Exp. 9, pigs fed increasing PEP-NS had improved (quadratic; P < 0.01) ADG and G:F, with the greatest improvement observed in pigs fed 6% PEP-NS.
Experiment 10 evaluated the effects of Liquitein and PCV2/M. hyo vaccine regimen on the growth performance of weanling pigs. Overall, there were no effects of Liquitein on growth performance and vaccinated pigs had decreased (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI compared to non-vaccinated pigs.
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Hung, I.-Fen. "INFLUENCES OF SUPPLEMENTING A MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONTAINING PRODUCT TO PIG DIETS ON SOW AND WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/636.
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The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of supplying mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) to pig diets on both weanling pig and sow performances.
Nursery pigs challenged with LPS to stimulate an immune challenge had increased body temperature and respiratory rate as well as elevated serum cortisol and TNF-α concentration, MOS-supplemented pigs had a lower rectal temperature and respiratory rate which implied that MOS improves some aspect of the immune function of piglets.
MOS supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation had no effect on litter size, but the piglets from MOS-fed sows were heavier at birth (P = 0.04), at weaning (P = 0.03), and during the entire nursery period (P < 0.01). Moreover, milk fat and protein levels as well as the Ig concentrations in milk from MOS-fed sows were numerically higher (2 – 12%; P > 0.10) than control sows.
Overall, MOS supplementation in the nursery diet may have limited effects on the growth performance, but may have some beneficial influence on pigs under immune challenge. Furthermore, including MOS to the sow diet during late gestation and lactation can potentially improve piglet body weight as well as growth during the suckling and nursery periods.
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Ferrer, Riera Pablo. "Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171747.
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Tesis por compendio<br>[ES] Actualmente, la sostenibilidad del sector porcino depende de su capacidad para responder a la elevada demanda de productos ganaderos derivada del crecimiento de la población, adaptándose a los cambios en los contextos económico y político, y mejorando su rendimiento medioambiental mediante la mitigación de su impacto ambiental. En este contexto, el uso de subproductos agroindustriales ofrece materias primas alternativas en producción animal, con una menor carga ambiental asociada, en forma de piensos para el ganado, fuente de compuestos bioactivos o materias primas útiles en la producción de bioenergía.
Esta tesis doctoral pretende evaluar el uso de subproductos agroindustriales mediterráneos como ingredientes en piensos para el ganado porcino o como co-substratos para la producción de biogás. Con este objetivo, se diseñaron y realizaron cuatro ensayos para evaluar el uso de subproductos de la industria del aceite de oliva y del zumo de naranja en alimentación porcina, evaluando su valor nutricional y las consecuencias de su inclusión sobre el rendimiento y la salud de los animales, la calidad del producto final y las emisiones de gases de los purines. Además, se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el efecto de cuatro sustratos agrícolas sobre el potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP) en co-digestión anaerobia con purines.
Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los ensayos de valor nutricional indican que las tortas de aceituna y las pulpas de naranja ensayadas pueden ser incluidas en la dieta con cambios asociados en la excreción de nutrientes que conducen a modificaciones en las emisiones potenciales de amoníaco y BMP de los purines. En cuanto a los subproductos de la torta de aceituna, el ensayo de valor nutricional con tortas de aceituna crudas (COC) y parcialmente desgrasadas (PDOC) mostró que ambas tortas son fuentes apreciables de fibra insoluble, pero tienen un valor energético limitado (11.2 y 7.4 MJ/kg MS para COC y PDOC respectivamente) y un bajo valor como fuente de proteínas. En cambio, las pulpas de naranja deshidratadas (DOP) y ensilada secada al sol (ESDOP) ensayadas son una fuente de energía relevante (14.2 y 13.2 MJ/kg MS para DOP y ESDOP respectivamente) con valor añadido debido a su contenido en fibra soluble. En los ensayos de emisiones in vitro, los subproductos ensayados generaron una disminución en la excreción de N en la orina y, en el caso de la pulpa de aceituna, un aumento de la excreción de materia seca en heces. La emisión de amoniaco por kg de purín disminuyó con la inclusión de torta de aceituna y pulpa de naranja, mientras que el BMP por animal y día se vio negativamente afectado por la inclusión de torta de aceituna obteniendo un mayor BMP con estos subproductos.
En cuanto a los ensayos de rendimientos productivos, la PDOC y la DOP pueden incluirse en la dieta hasta 120 y 240 g/kg respectivamente, sin efectos negativos en el caso de la PDOC y efectos menores para la DOP sobre los rendimientos productivos, la composición corporal y la calidad de la canal. La inclusión de PDOC y DOP no afectó a los recuentos microbianos ni al volumen, la composición y la emisión global de gases de los purines. Además, se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la grasa subcutánea con la inclusión de PDOC, mejorando su concentración en ácido oleico.
La co-digestión anaerobia de subproductos agrícolas y purines mejora el BMP de la mezcla de sustratos en comparación con la digestión única de purines. Se obtuvieron mayores valores de BMP con la adición de los sustratos agrícolas, lo que confirma el mejor rendimiento de los sistemas en co-digestión a niveles de inclusión adecuados. Las combinaciones con tomate, pimiento y melocotón al nivel de inclusión 3 (50% de SV) alcanzaron el mayor BMP. Esto supuso un incremento del BMP del 41% con tomate, 44% con pimiento, 28% con melocotón y 12% con caqui. Los sustratos vegetales mostraron un mayor contenido en lípidos, prote<br>[CAT Actualment, la sostenibilitat del sector porcí depèn de la seua capacitat per a respondre a l'elevada demanda de productes ramaders derivada del creixement de la població, adaptant-se als canvis en els contextos econòmic i polític, i millorant el seu rendiment mediambiental mitjançant la mitigació del seu impacte ambiental. En aquest context, l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials ofereix matèries primeres alternatives en producció animal, amb una menor càrrega ambiental associada, en forma de pinsos per al bestiar, font de compostos bioactius o matèries primeres útils en la producció de bioenergia.
Aquesta tesi doctoral pretén avaluar l'ús de subproductes agroindustrials mediterranis com a ingredients en pinsos per al bestiar porcí o com co-substrats per a la producció de biogàs. Amb aquest objectiu, es van dissenyar i realitzar quatre assajos per a avaluar l'ús de subproductes de la indústria de l'oli d'oliva i del suc de taronja en alimentació porcina, avaluant el seu valor nutricional i les conseqüències de la seua inclusió sobre el rendiment i la salut dels animals, la qualitat del producte final i les emissions de gasos dels purins. A més, es va realitzar un assaig per a avaluar l'efecte de quatre substrats agrícoles sobre el potencial bioquímic de metà (BMP) en co-digestió anaeròbia amb purins.
Els resultats obtinguts a partir dels assajos de valor nutricional indiquen que les trotes d'oliva i les polpes de taronja assajades poden ser incloses en la dieta amb canvis associats en l'excreció de nutrients que condueixen a modificacions en les emissions potencials d'amoníac i BMP dels purins. Quant als subproductes de la torta d'oliva, l'assaig de valor nutricional amb tortes d'oliva crues (COC) i parcialment desengreixades (PDOC) va mostrar que totes dues coques són fonts apreciables de fibra insoluble, però tenen un valor energètic limitat (11.2 i 7.4 MJ/kg MS per a COC i PDOC respectivament) i un baix valor com a font de proteïnes. En canvi, les polpes de taronja deshidratades (DOP) i ensitjada assecada al sol (ESDOP) assajades són una font d'energia rellevant (14.2 i 13.2 MJ/kg MS per a DOP i ESDOP respectivament) amb valor afegit a causa del seu contingut en fibra soluble.
Pel que fa als assajos d'emissions in vitro, els subproductes assajats van generar una disminució en l'excreció de N en l'orina i, en el cas de la polpa d'oliva, un augment de l'excreció de matèria seca en femtes. L'emissió d'amoníac per kg de purí va disminuir amb la inclusió de torta d'oliva i polpa de taronja, mentre que el BMP per animal i dia es va veure negativament afectat per la inclusió de torta d'oliva obtenint un major BMP amb aquests subproductes. Quant als assajos de rendiments productius, la PDOC i la DOP poden incloure's en la dieta fins a 120 i 240 g/kg respectivament, sense efectes negatius en el cas de la PDOC i efectes menors per a la DOP sobre els rendiments productius, la composició corporal i la qualitat de la canal. La inclusió de PDOC i DOP no va afectar els recomptes microbians ni al volum, la composició i l'emissió global de gasos dels purins. A més, es van observar efectes beneficiosos sobre el greix subcutani amb la inclusió de PDOC, millorant la seua concentració en àcid oleic.
La co-digestió anaeròbia de subproductes agrícoles i purins millora el BMP de la mescla de substrats en comparació amb la digestió única de purins. Es van obtenir majors valors de BMP amb l'addició dels substrats agrícoles, la qual cosa confirma el millor rendiment dels sistemes en co-digestió a nivells d'inclusió adequats. Les combinacions amb tomaca, pimentó i bresquilla al nivell d'inclusió 3 (50% de SV) van aconseguir el major BMP. Això va suposar un increment del BMP del 41% amb tomaca, 44% amb pimentó, 28% amb bresquilla i 12% amb caqui. Els substrats vegetals van mostrar un major contingut en lípids, proteïnes, lignina i cel·lulosa que els substrats de fruita.<br>[EN] Nowadays the sustainability of the pig sector relies on its capability to respond to the increasing demands for livestock products that are arising from population growth, adapting to changes in the economic and policy contexts, and improving its environmental performance through the mitigation of its impact on climate. In this framework, the use of the agro-industrial by-products offers potential alternative raw materials for animal production with a lower associated environmental burden in the form of feedstuffs for livestock, source of bioactive compounds or raw materials useful in bioenergy production.
This PhD thesis aims to evaluate the use of Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products as feed ingredients for pigs or co-substrates for biogas production. To fulfil these objectives, four trials were designed and conducted to evaluate the use of olive oil and orange juice industry by-products in swine nutrition, assessing its nutritional value and the consequences of its inclusion in the diet on animals' performance and health, final product quality traits and gas emissions associated to the pig slurry. Additionally, one more trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four agricultural substrates (tomato, pepper, peach and kaki) on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) in anaerobic co-digestion with pig slurry, focusing on the type of substrate and its inclusion level on the final substrate's mixture.
The results presented in this PhD Thesis from the nutritional value assays indicate that the olive cakes and orange pulps tested can be potentially included in pig diets with associated changes in urine and faeces nutrients excretion that leads to modifications in the potential ammonia and BMP emissions from slurries. Concerning olive cake by-products, the nutritional value assay designed to test the crude (COC) and partially defatted (PDOC) olive cakes showed that they are appreciable sources of insoluble fibre but have limited energy value (11.2 and 7.4 MJ/kg DM for COC and PDOC respectively) and a low value as protein source. On the contrary, the dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun-dried (ESDOP) orange pulps tested are a relevant energy source (14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP respectively) with added value in terms of SF concentration. With respect to the in vitro potential ammonia and BMP emissions assays, the by-products tested led to a decreased N excretion in urine and, in the case of the OC, increased DM excretion in faeces. The ammonia emission per kg of slurry decreased with the inclusion of olive cake and orange pulp, whereas the BMP per animal and per day was negatively affected by the inclusion of olive cake obtaining higher BMP with these by-products.
Regarding the performance assays, the PDOC and the DOP may be included in balanced pig diets at rates of up to 120 and 240 g/kg respectively, without negative effects in the case of PDOC and minor effects for DOC on growth performance, body composition and carcass quality traits. Contrary to what was expected, the inclusion of PDOC and DOP did not affect microbial counts nor excreta volume, composition and global gas emission from the slurry. Additionally, beneficial effects on subcutaneous fat were observed with the inclusion of PDOC, improving its oleic acid concentration.
The anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by-products and pig slurry improves the BMP from the mixture compared to only pig slurry anaerobic digestion. Higher BMP values were obtained with increasing addition of agricultural substrate, confirming the better performance of co-digestion systems at adequate inclusion levels. In fact, combinations with tomato, pepper and peach at inclusion level 3 (50% of VS) achieved the highest BMP. This resulted in an increase in BMP of 41% with tomato, 44% with pepper, 28% with peach and 12% with kaki. Vegetable substrates (pepper and tomato) showed higher lipid, protein, lignin and cellulose content than fruit substrates (kaki and peach).<br>Ferrer Riera, P. (2021). Valorisation of Mediterranean agroindustrial by-products in pig production as feed and anaerobic co-digestion of slurry [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171747<br>TESIS<br>Compendio
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Silvestri, Giuseppe. "Novel approaches of generating and selecting high genetic merit in vitro produced pig and cattle embryos." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66571/.
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In vitro production (IVP) in agricultural species such as pigs and cattle is performed in a similar manner to human IVF, and involves ovum pick up or oocyte maturation, fertilization outside the body and subsequent transfer of viable embryos. Its application in agricultural breeding can significantly speed up genetic gain rates by reducing generational intervals, increasing selection intensity, and facilitating the dissemination of valuable genetics. IVP is an increasingly important tool for breeding companies given the ongoing emphasis on feeding a growing population with fewer resources. With the above in mind, the aim of this work was to improve the yield of competent, euploid, and high genetic merit IVP embryos available for transfer. Oocytes destined for IVP are commonly assessed for developmental competence by morphological screening. To determine whether it would be possible to improve the utilisation of oocytes per donor, the developmental competence of porcine oocytes with decreasing cumulus oocyte complex (COC) investment was examined. It was found that current IVP practice is wasteful, through the elimination of oocytes with slightly impaired morphology, which still have remarkable developmental potentials. Moreover, whilst it is accepted that embryo splitting (generating more than one embryo from a single fertilized zygote) could benefit the breeding industry by increasing the offspring of the most desirable parents, a comparative analysis of the different splitting methodologies available, including stage of the split and single versus serial splitting strategies, is currently missing in the literature. Here, the splitting of an 8-cell stage embryo into four identical twins was identified as the strategy producing the greatest output of good quality embryos. Additionally, time-lapse investigation of the embryo splits found evidence of the existence of a developmental clock that tightly regulates early cleavage events. Normally, only embryos that display satisfactory morphology are selected for transfer. However, in cattle and pigs, this assessment is complicated by the accumulation of lipid droplets within the embryo, which renders it opaque. Consequently, there is scope for the application of new imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), which are able to image an embryo in full depth and non-invasively. In this work, swept source OCT was successfully tested for use in early stage bovine embryos to obtain both structural and functional imaging. Moreover, micron-scale movements were measured within blastocysts by OCT as a way to rapidly discriminate between living and deceased embryos, representing a novel application of this methodology. Embryo biopsies can be used to establish the genetic merit of an embryo through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, allowing the application of genomic selection soon after fertilisation rather than at birth. Moreover, SNP information can be analysed by karyomapping to select the most chromosomally normal embryos for transfer. Here, the birth of the first five karyomapped calves in the world is reported. Additionally, karyomapping was used to measure the incidence of aneuploidy in bovine blastocysts by parent of origin and to determine the recombination frequency for each chromosome, demonstrating the applicability of this methodology to basic research.
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Pereira, Kleber Batistela. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de uma unidade didática de apoio ao ensino da teoria clássica de controle PID." Universidade de Taubaté, 2012. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=566.
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Este trabalho foi concebido inicialmente através de projeto, montagem e ensaios preliminares de uma unidade analógica, para propósito didático, composta de um servomecanismo controlado pelas clássicas estratégias Proporcional, Integral e Derivativa (PID). Com este equipamento foi demonstrado os conceitos fundamentais da engenharia de controle com seus ensaios e medidas que permitem exemplificar, de forma simples e
bastante pedagógica, o funcionamento e os limites operacionais de um controlador prático. Os valores medidos em experimento foram comparados com valores obtidos pela simulação numérica de um modelo equivalente implementado no software MatLab. Utilizando-se da tecnologia PIC (Controlador de Interface Programável), o hardware analógico foi substituído, com a intenção de comparar os resultados para melhor ilustrar os abstratos conceitos da ação PID sobre um dispositivo eletromecânico razoavelmente linear. A unidade desenvolvida permite estabelecer um elo valioso à aprendizagem, buscando unir a teoria clássica, a simulação numérica, a aplicação digital e o comportamento real em uma situação física. Tivemos êxito nos resultados, conseguindo comprovar as modelagens matemáticas em aplicações práticas, além de poder comparar os desempenhos dos resultados analógicos com os resultados digitais.<br>This work was initially conceived by design, assembly and preliminary tests of an analogic unit, for didactic purpose, composed of a servomechanism controlled by the classic
strategies Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID). With this device was demonstrated the fundamental concepts of control engineering and its trials and measures allow exemplify,
in a simple and very interactive way, the functioning and the operational limits of a practical controller. The values measured in assay were compared with values obtained by numerical
simulation of an equivalent model implemented in MatLab. By using the technology PIC (Programmable Interface Controller), the analogical hardware will be substituted, in order to
compare the results to better explain the abstract concepts of the PID action over a sufficiently linear electromechanical device. The developed unit enables a valuable link to
the learning, seeking to unite the classical theory, numerical simulation, digital application and real performance in a physical case. We were successful in results, obtaining proof of
the mathematical models in practical applications, besides being able to compare the performances of analogic results with digital ones.
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Totty, Heather Renae. "Effect of a Fermented Yeast Product on the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbial Diversity of Weaned Pigs Challenged With Salmonella Enterica Typhimurium Dt104." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45879.
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Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microorganisms play important roles in animal health, including providing energy and vitamins, improving the host immune response and preventing pathogenic microorganisms from colonizing. Prebiotic feed supplementation offers an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters by stimulating key populations of the GIT bacteria that can ferment these non-digestible compounds, producing various short chain fatty acids used by the animal. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of a proprietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (XPC, Diamond V Mills, Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA) inclusion in nursery diets on the microbial diversity and growth performance of pigs before, during and after an oral challenge with Salmonella. Pigs (n= 40) were weaned at 21 d of age, blocked by body weight (BW) and assigned in a 2Ã 2 factorial arrangement consisting of diet (control or 0.2% XPC) and inoculation (broth or Salmonella). Diet had no effect on pig growth performance prior to inoculation; however, consumption of XPC altered the composition of the gastrointestinal microbial community resulting in increased growth performance prior to inoculation. After Salmonella infection, XPC altered the composition of the gastrointestinal microbial community resulting in increased (P < 0.05) populations of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus. Infection with Salmonella and treatment of the piglets with ceftiofur-HCl resulted in alterations to the species richness and abundance of key members of the GIT community. The addition of XPC to the diets of weaning pigs results in greater compensatory gains after infection with Salmonella and an increase in beneficial bacteria within the GIT.<br>Master of Science
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Luz, Nara Beatriz Lópes Pires da. "O desempenho dos produtores de suínos em uma cooperativa da região centro oriental do Rio Grande do Sul : um estudo exploratório." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29343.
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A propriedade suinícola encontra-se hoje numa fase que, dificilmente poderá fugir ao processo integrador, disponibilizado pelas empresas detentoras de recursos financeiros e tecnológicos. No entanto, o produtor sujeita-se a margens estreitas de lucratividade pelas facilidades que o processo em si lhe oferece. A presente pesquisa consiste num estudo exploratório com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos produtores, no sistema integrado de suínos, a partir da caracterização da cadeia de valor adaptada à atividade suinícola. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com técnicos da área e aplicados questionários junto a doze suinocultores, — divididos em três categorias: pequenos, médios e grandes produtores — da Região Centro Oriental do Estado, participantes do sistema de integração da Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda., em Teotônia — RS. A análise diagnóstico foi realizada com base no referencial teórico, envolvendo aspectos ligados à suinocultura, à cadeia produtiva, com ênfase no sistema de produção, e à cadeia de valores que ofereceu a melhor alternativa para identificar o desempenho dos suinocultores. Nesse contexto, observou-se estar o desempenho dos produtores condicionado à conversão alimentar e o período de engorda, associado ao processo de gestão da propriedade suinícola.<br>Rural properties devoted to pig breeding are currently in a situation in which they will hardly be able to avoid taking part in the integrating process made available by financially and technologically privileged companies. However, producers have to face low profit rates due to the features inherent to such process. This paper is a study which has as a goal to analyze the producers' performance in the pig breeding integrated system, departing from the chain of values adaptad to the pig breeding environment. To do so, interviews with technicians have been done, as well as questionnaires have been submitted to twelve pig breeders - split into three categories: small, medium and big producers - from the west central region of the state, that participate of the Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda. integrating system, in Teutônia, RS. A diagnostic analysis was done based upon the theory related to pig breeding, the productive chain focused in this production system, and the chain of values that offered the best alternative to identify the producers' performances. In such context, it has been observed that the producers' performance is conditioned by food conversion and the fatten period, associated with the property mangement process.
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Borg, Loise, and Angelina Fransson. "Användbarhet vid Produktberikning i PIM-System." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20434.
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E-commerce has grown rapidly in the last couple of years and has gotten more demanding customers that want better and more consistent product information. With more products on the market than ever, spreadsheets are not enough. Product Information Management (PIM) systems have been developed to meet those needs. Because these systems contain a lot of different processes and handles a lot of data, they can be complex and contain usability problems. The purpose of the study is to understand and explain the usability of the PIM system process of enriching products. The study answers the research questions: “How do the users experience the usability in the process of enriching products in PIM systems?” and “What are the main usability problems in the enrichment process in an existing PIM system?”. The result shows that the overall usability in the enrichment process is good and the investigated PIM system is easy to use and is flexible. The analysis shows that the main usability problems are the lack of functionality and efficiency. The two problems are connected to each other as the users need to do workarounds because the lack of certain functions. The efficiency would be improved if the missing functions were added. These usability attributes can be difficult to evaluate before the system has been used for a while because it can take time for the users to discover problem regarding them.
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Novak, Gregory S. "Simulated galaxy remnants produced by binary and multiple mergers /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pig producer"
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Keith, James. Threats and opportunities for the UK organic pig producer. Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 2001.
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Bia, Bord. Pigmeat quality assurance scheme: Code of practice for pig producers. Bord Bia, 1997.
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Zhongguo cheng shi sheng xian shi pin chao shi ye tai xing cheng ji li yan jiu. Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pig producer"
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Glossop, Christianne E., and Ranald Cameron. "Transmission of Viruses Through Pigs and Products of Pig Origin." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine. Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch1a.
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Rajan, V. "An Oral Vaccine for TGEV Immunization of Pigs." In Commercial Plant-Produced Recombinant Protein Products. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43836-7_8.
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Madhysatha, S., and R. R. Marquardt. "12: Mycotoxins in the feed and animal products." In Poultry and pig nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_12.
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Zijlstra, R. T., and E. Beltranena. "11: Co-products in swine nutrition and feed formulation." In Poultry and pig nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-884-1_11.
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Dang, Anh. "Hedonic Versus Utilitarian Products: The Dawn of Intra-Product Category Research." In Celebrating America’s Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing? Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_52.
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Fennell, Patrick, and Chatt Pongpatipat. "The Effect of Product Reviews on the Purchase Intent of Bundled Products." In Celebrating America’s Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing? Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_181.
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Marano, Pierpaolo. "The Contribution of Product Oversight and Governance (POG) to the Single Market: A Set of Organisational Rules for Business Conduct." In AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52738-9_3.
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AbstractProduct oversight and governance (POG) is one of the major innovations, if not the most significant, introduced by the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). This chapter aims to investigate how POG fits into the overall EU insurance regulation. POG introduced a risk-based and prospective approach similar to that of Solvency II. Moreover, the supervision required by POG is similar to that arising from Solvency II. Above all, the set of rules on POG extends the list of those affecting the organization of the undertakings. The combination of these three profiles that pertains to insurance undertakings, intermediaries and supervisors, is likely to have a significant impact on the harmonization of the rules on the conduct of insurance business.
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Leino, Simo-Pekka, Juha-Pekka Anttila, Juhamatti Heikkilä, Joonas Aaltonen, and Kaj Helin. "PLM Impact Analysis Model – PIA." In Product Lifecycle Management. Towards Knowledge-Rich Enterprises. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35758-9_45.
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Myer, R. O., D. D. Johnson, K. K. Boswick, and J. H. Brendemuhl. "Dehydration of Restaurant Food Wastes Produces a Nutritious Feedstuff for Use in Pig Diets." In Beneficial Co-Utilization of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial by-Products. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5068-2_34.
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Guerrero, Luis. "Marketing PDO (Products with Denominations of Origin) and PGI (Products with Geographical Identities)." In Food, People and Society. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04601-2_18.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pig producer"
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Sandberg, M., Lis Alban, and B. Stenberg. "Evaluation of the usefulness of carcass-weight, meat-percentage or identity of pig-producer in future-risk-based meat inspection." In Fifth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborn Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-562.
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Schmeling, Daniel, Marek Czapp, Johannes Bosbach, and Claus Wagner. "Development of Combined Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Image Thermography for Air Flows." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22774.
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Simultaneous measurements of instantaneous velocity and temperature fields of air flows by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Image Thermography (PIT) enables highly demanded studies on thermal plumes, their dynamics and the resulting heat transfer for Pr ≈ 0.7. Thereby, small particles of thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs), which reveal temperature depending reflection properties are used as tracer particles for combined PIT and PIV. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated in a Rayleigh-Be´nard convection experiment in a cubical enclosure. Furthermore, a new particle generator being able to produce continuously very small monodisperse droplets of TLCs has been designed. The improvement of the developmental process for mixed and Rayleig-Be´nard convection studies is discussed. Thereby, special focus is laid on the production process of small TLCs, the generation of monodisperse acetone-TLC droplets and the temperature depending colour play of the produced particles.
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Fujikawa, Mauro Y., Eduardo O. de A. Silva, Reinaldo A. das Neves, Derci Donizeti Massitelli, Newton Orlando Abraha˜o, and Karina C. Schraml. "Integrity of Old Pipelines Buried in Petroleum Products Storage Terminals." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64313.
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This work aims to present the results obtained from the experience gained through the accomplishment of the inspection with the ultrasonic umbilical pig in a non-piggable internal pipe buried in the Transpetro Storage Terminal in Sa˜o Caetano do Sul, in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The pipeline considered in this work is a line for marine fuel oil, which, because of its high viscosity, must be heated in order to flow. The oil is heated in the terminal by the steam produced in boilers. The heat transfer may occur in a heat exchanger or inside the storage tank, and the pipeline referred is thermally isolated. So that the line could be inspected, it was divided in two parts, one upstream of the pumps (suction), which is a 12-inch line, and the other downstream of the same pumps (discharge), which is a 14-inch line. This work has been developed by Transpetro’s Pipeline Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Safety Departments together, since the planning phase, passing by the job execution and getting to the conclusion. To begin with, the operational liberation of the line had to be agreed between all the departments involved with the PIG inspection, which were mentioned before, and Transpetro’s Logistics Department. Once the PIG passage was scheduled, an initial cleaning had to be performed by the Operation Activity. Since this line is non-piggable, the installation of adaptations was necessary. After that, the passage of cleaning PIGs was possible, and the line sections could be enabled. The next step was the inspection of the pipeline with umbilical ultrasonic PIGs. After the passage of these PIGs, the adaptations had to be removed and the pipeline had to be conditioned for the operational return. After this part of the inspection was finished, the verification of the results issued was necessary. Once the theoretical results were available, ditches were opened for correlation inspection and temporary repairs in the most critical points for the operation were applied. The last part of the work consists in an analysis study of technical and economical viability for rehabilitation of the lines.
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Camerini, Claudio, Jean Pierre von der Weid, Miguel Freitas, and Thiago Salcedo. "Feeler Pig: A Simple Way to Detect and Size Internal Corrosion." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64626.
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Submarine pipeline inspection traditionally employs the same technologies used for onshore pipelines. One of such technologies is the instrumented pig, which usually runs under the same parameters and procedures as those used for onshore inspections. However, it is very common to find submarine pipelines with many kinds of obstacles that may prevent the use of conventional instrumented pigs, like magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonic pigs. The relevant factors that make the inspection difficult are the different diameters along the pipeline, small radius bends, equipment installed in the pipeline (such as manifolds and valves), increased wall thickness, multiphase fluids, etc. Currently available techniques to inspect these pipelines have limitations. For ultrasonic pigs, the need of a homogeneous fluid, with good acoustic properties, to serve as sonic wave coupling is a relevant factor. On crude oil pipelines, this homogeneous fluid is not always available, as these lines carry multi-phase products. For magnetic pigs, it may not be possible to fully magnetize the heavy wall thickness pipe needed in offshore applications for structural reasons. Focusing on this context, a new tool was developed to detect and size reductions of wall thickness associated to internal corrosion. This tool, called Feeler Pig, was designed to be able to overcome diverse limitations that conventional pigs have. The Feeler Pig performs the direct dimensional measurement of pipeline internal corrosion by contact, with no practical limit of wall thickness to inspect and no need of homogeneous fluid during the inspection job. The system has been tested in field and had the performance compared to a standard ultrasonic instrumented pig. Excellent defect correlation was observed between the Ultrasonic and Feeler Pig data, not only in length and width but also in depths of internal corrosion. With this high confidence, other prototypes of Feeler Pigs were developed. One of them, named Feeler Snake Pig, was built with the installation of feeler nails into a flexible polyurethane support yielding tool with ultra high tolerance to geometric restrictions and is able to navigate through sharp bends and geometric accessories. The excellent results of the prototype and its robustness against line geometric restrictions immediately open a wide range of opportunities for the Feeler Snake Pig technology in field applications.
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Nichols, T. C., D. A. Bellinger, M. S. Read, et al. "PREVENTION OF OCCLUSIVE CORONARY THROMBOSIS BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBCDY TO VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR IN SWINE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642833.
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Von Willebrand's disease protects pigs from developing cyclic or permanent coronary thrombosis (C/P-Th) following experimentally induced stenosis and injury (S/I) in an open chest anesthetized pig (Nichols et al, Circ Res., 1986; 59:1526). To confirm that this protection is related specifically to absence of von Willebrand factor (vWF), an IgG kappa monoclonal antibody (MAb) to purified porcine vWF was produced in mice. MAb inhibited platelet aggregation by ristocetin and botrocetin, but not ADP, thrombin, or collagen. MAb was infused into seven normal pigs. Bleeding times (BT) in all pigs were prolonged to >10 min, and platelet agglutinating factor levels as a measure of vWF activity were <2% for approximately 2 hours or longer. There was no significant change of hematocrit, platelet count or Factor VIII coagulant activity. Coronary stenosis was produced by placing a Goldblatt clanp (GC) around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). A 20-MHz Doppler velocity crystal was placed distal to GC to measure LAD blood flow velocity. The LAD was injured at the GC site with spring loaded forceps. C/P-Th were detected by flow velocity changes and vessels were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Five of seven pigs were given MAb prior to S/I; after S/I, four of these five had no C/P-Th. The fifth pig developed C/P-Th after 2 hours when vWF activity had returned to 10% and BT had shortened to 2.5 min. The other two pigs were given MAb after S/I had produced C/P-Th. The first had total resolution and the second partial resolution of these cyclic thromboses. This S/I technique produced C/P-Th in 8 of 9 normal pigs. Thus, this MAb reduces vWF activity and prevents C/P-Th. This study confirms a direct role of vWF in supporting occlusive coronary thrombosis in this porcine model and suggests reduction of vWF activity could be a therapeutic approach to arterial thrombotic diseases. (Supported by Grant Nos. HL26309-06 and HL01648-40. MAb supplied by Bruce Evatt, M.D., C.D.C., Atlanta, Georgia)
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Qian, Yekan, Cheng Zhang, and Futian Wang. "Selecting Products for High-strength T-wise Testing of Software Product Line by Multi-Objective Method." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2018.8706270.
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Millers, Janis, and Irina Pilvere. "Possibilities of Biogas Production from Livestock Waste in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.043.
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With the adoption of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU), the role of biodiversity, basic principles of the circular economy, climate change mitigation, forest protection and renewable energy increased. Since 2007, biogas production in Latvia has increased significantly, as it was possible to receive co-funding from the EU Funds for the construction of biogas plants. In 2021, inputs of agricultural origin are used by 40 biogas plants with an average installed capacity of 1 MW. The emergence of biogas plants on livestock farms is facilitated by the development of a circular economy producing waste from the production process – manure and feed waste. Anaerobic fermentation results in digestate – a nutrient-rich plant fertilizer that reduces the application of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of biogas can reduce the need for fossil fuels. Energy production from biogas should be encouraged, as waste is used efficiently, thereby generating energy and reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In Latvia, livestock production is one of the key industries of the national economy, which produces manure and feed waste. The present research calculated the amounts of cattle, pig and poultry manure and feed waste in Latvia. The research analysed livestock farms by number of cattle, pigs and poultry, the potential amounts of manure and waste produced and theoretical biogas output. Theoretically, 309 farms analysed can produce 93.5 mln. m3 of biogas from agricultural waste and construct 269 new biogas plants. A policy for supporting the construction of new biogas plants would contribute to the country’s independence from fossil energy sources, as well as increase the proportion of renewable energy sources to 50-70 % in final energy consumption by 2030. Farmers on whose farms a biogas plant could be built need to carefully consider the uses of the biogas produced. The uses could be thermal energy generation for heat supply, cogeneration (thermal and electrical energy) or biomethane production.
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Kindel, G., and J. Fareed. "MODULATORY EFFECT OF SERINE PROTEASES AND RELATED ENZYMES ON ISOLATED SMOOTH MUSCLE PREPARATIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644602.
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Thrombin and related proteases produce varying pharmacologic responses in animal models. To more specifically study the in vivo actions of thrombin and related proteases, we have used isolated tissue preparations of the rabbit aortic strip (RAS), isolated guinea pig ileum (GPI) and isolated rat uterus (RU). Standard tissue-agonist regimens include epinephrine, thromboxane B2 with RAS; bradykinin, acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin with GPI; and acetylcholine, bradykinin and angiotensin with RU. The smooth muscle modulant action of numerous proteinases were screened in these regimens by bracketing the median dose response of the individual agonists. Protease complexes such as serum (rabbit, human and guinea pig), activated and nonactivated prothrombin complex concentrates and pancreatin were shown to produce varying but similar contractile responses as obtained by the standard agonists. Sera produced a dose-dependent contraction of the RAS, GPI and RU preparations. Various forms of thrombin produced different degrees of contraction of RAS accompanied by a desensitization process. On a molar basis the order of contractile activity ranged α > β>γ > nitro > DIP. All thrombins were found to augment the epinephrine and thromboxane B2 induced contraction of the RAS. Bovine and human factor Xa produced marked dilatation of the RAS but did not have any effect on the GPI and RU preparations. These results suggest that proteases exert direct musculotropic actions on smooth muscles. This should be taken into consideration in the pathophysiology of vascular spasms.
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Martinoia, Thomás, Claudio Veloso Barreto, Jose Carlos D. C. da Rocha, João Lavoura, and Fausto M. P. Henriques. "Simulation and Planning of Pipeline Emptying Operations." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90432.
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The pipeline pigging operation for emptying purposes is a common practice in the petroleum and gas transport industry. The emptying operation is employed for removal of the pipeline liquid products and substitution for an inert gas like nitrogen. This operation is necessary before pipeline maintenance or hydrostatic test procedures. The emptying operation applied for oil pipelines usually demands large volumes of nitrogen because of the pressure difference that is necessary to maintain the pig in a velocity that guarantee an efficient and safe operation. The nitrogen that is originally stored inside cryogenic vessels in liquid phase is pumped and vaporized to be injected into the pig launcher, after heating the gas. The gas injection and expansion inside the pipeline propel the pig, delivering the product that was in the pipeline at the receiver station. It is common to cut the nitrogen injection in a certain instant of the operation, before the pig reaches its destination. From then on, the expansion of the gas is able to finish the operation alone. A dynamic simulator called DESLOCAN2 was developed by SIMDUT/PUC-Rio to simulate the pig motion during emptying operations with nitrogen in TRANSPETRO crude oil and refined products pipelines. In the operation planning phase the simulator is used to evaluate the gas mass flow rate, the inlet gas pressure and the nitrogen cut instant that can propel the pig to its destination with a minimum volume of nitrogen. The outlet liquid pressure is calculated using two simultaneous controllers: outlet flow rate based on maximum pig velocity and minimum outlet pressure that avoids slack line condition. The dynamic simulator also can be used as a forecast monitor of the pipeline pigging operation given the current inlet gas and outlet liquid conditions, allowing the visualization of actual and forecasted pipeline pressure profile, the pig velocity and position, the accumulative gas inside the pipeline and the volume of product removed. The main objectives of this paper are: Present the mathematical modeling and considerations built in the simulator; Validate the model’s main hypothesis; Present the gained experience on building the model and planning an emptying operation of an existing pipeline: OSBAT 24.
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Stevenson, Phillip D., Christopher A. Mattson, Kenneth M. Bryden, and Nordica A. MacCarty. "Towards a Universal Social Impact Metric for Engineered Products That Alleviate Poverty." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67584.
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More than ever before, engineers are creating products for developing countries. One of the purposes of these products is to improve the consumer’s quality of life. Currently, there is no established method of measuring the social impact of these types of products. As a result, engineers have used their own metrics to assess their product’s impact, if at all. Some of the common metrics used include products sold and revenue, which measure the financial success of a product without recognizing the social successes or failures it might have. In this paper we introduce a potential metric, the Product Impact Metric (PIM), which quantifies the impact a product has on impoverished individuals — especially those living in developing countries. It measures social impact broadly in five dimensions: health, education, standard of living, employment quality, and security. The PIM is inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) created by the United Nations Development Programme. The MPI measures how the depth of poverty within a nation changes year after year, and the PIM measures how an individual’s quality of life changes after being affected by an engineered product. The Product Impact Metric can be used to predict social impacts (using personas that represent real individuals) or measure social impacts (using specific data from products introduced into the market).
Reports on the topic "Pig producer"
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Iske, Cayla, Cheryl L. Morris, and Anna K. Johnson. Composition of Eleven Pig By-Products. Iowa State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-347.
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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.
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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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Ehlert, Phillip. Agronomic efficacy of nitrogen biobased fertilising products of co-digested pig manure : field experiment silage maize 2019. Wageningen Environmental Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/532699.
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Tim Roney, Bob Pink, Karen Wendt, Robert Seifert, and Mike Smith. Digital Radiography and Computed Tomography (DRCT) Product Improvement Plan (PIP). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000539.
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Markianos, Kyriacos. Spin Parity Measurement of Centrally Produced $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ in Proton Proton Collisions at 800 GeV/c. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1371873.
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Markianos, Kyriacos. Spin Parity Measurement of Centrally Produced $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ in Proton Proton Collisions at 800 GeV/c. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1155627.
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Johnson, Anna K., Larry J. Sadler, Jennifer Kline, et al. The Effect of Supplementing Dry Feed with a Nutritional Gel Product at the Time of Vaccination on Nursery Pig Maintenance Behaviors and Postures. Iowa State University, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-124.
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Trumbull, TH. Delayed Fission Product Gamma-Ray Transmission Through Low Enriched UO2 Fuel Pin Lattices in Air. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850135.
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Sinanidis, Alexandros Pericles. Particles Produced in Association with High Transverse Momentum Single Photons and $\pi^0$s in Hadronic Collision. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427779.
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Gutierrez, Nestor A., Nick V. L. Serão, Brian J. Kerr, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, and John F. Patience. Identifying Dietary Fiber Components that Best Predict the Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Content in Nine Corn Co-Products Fed to Growing Pigs. Iowa State University, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1363.
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