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1

Collins, D. S. "Pig production." Veterinary Record 160, no. 13 (2007): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.13.448-a.

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2

Šprysl, M., J. Čítek, and R. Stupka. "Interaction of selected production indicators of the economics of pork production." Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, No. 1 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1705-cjas.

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Estimates of the effects influencing the economics of pig production are of primary importance for breeders. For this purpose, costs, revenues and profitability were determined on the basis of individual parameters of the efficiency of tested pigs and of average commodity prices. The calculation was the result of the efficiency of actual animals and of the average and simulated prices of inputs received by producers in large-scale production operations. 136 animals, 64 of crossbred combinations (LWs × D) × (LW<sub>D</sub> × L) and 72 of PN × (LW<sub>D</sub> × L) were us
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3

Lemke, U., B. Kaufmann, L. T. Thuy, K. Emrich, and A. Valle Zárate. "Evaluation of smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam: Pig production management and pig performances." Livestock Science 105, no. 1-3 (2006): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.06.012.

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4

KASTELIC, Miran. "Possibilities of Slovenian pig production." Acta agriculturae Slovenica. Suplement, no. 31 (October 1, 2001): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas-s.2001.31.19468.

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Slovenian resources for pig production are relatively small, but there is a possibility for production of 6 million 30 kg-pigs mostly for export. This would preserve milk quota for the farms on absolute grassland and increase intensity of Slovenian agriculture. Pig production development has to be connected to environment protection. The new organisation of pig producers must be established and knowledge obtained from the countries with the most advanced pig production.
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5

Smith, A. T. "Current pig production systems." BSAP Occasional Publication 11 (January 1987): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001701.

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AbstractCurrent pig production systems reflect management decisions taken over a period of many years. The range of constraints on pig producers has grown rapidly and priorities are in the process of change. On the basis of the available evidence, the following conclusions may be made.Less than half the pig breeding enterprises in the United Kingdom use sow housing which involves individual confinement and more than half provide dry sows with bedding. At present, there is a strong current interest in group housing systems.In the parturition and lactating stages, farrowing crates are used in th
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6

Fernández, J. A. "Commission on Pig Production." Livestock Production Science 60, no. 2-3 (1999): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00090-1.

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7

Shin, Jiwon, Bo-Ra Kim, Robin B. Guevarra, et al. "Enhanced pig production: potential use of insect gut microbiota for pig production." Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 4 (2018): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20180043.

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8

Thoma, Greg J., Banks Baker, and Pieter W. Knap. "A Life Cycle Assessment Study of the Impacts of Pig Breeding on the Environmental Sustainability of Pig Production." Animals 14, no. 16 (2024): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14162435.

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Lifecycle assessment (LCA) quantified changes in environmental impact categories (global warming, eutrophication, etc.) from 2021 to 2030 due to genetic trends in (re)production traits in pig lines of the breeding company Genus-PIC. The 2030 levels were projected with selection index theory based on weightings of traits in the breeding goals and genetic covariances among them. The projected improvement was 0.9% annually for most impact categories. Another LCA compared the impacts of 2021 North American pig production based on PIC genetics versus the industry average. Software openLCA converted
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9

Athorn, R. Z., B. Kemp, S. Millet, and R. H. King. "Editorial − Advancing pig production: Insights from the 19th biennial Manipulating pig production conference." animal 18 (June 2024): 101207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2024.101207.

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10

de Lange, C. F. M., B. J. Marty, S. Birkett, P. Morel, and B. Szkotnicki. "Application of pig growth models in commercial pork production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 1 (2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-006.

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Pig growth models can be useful tools for identifying optimum management strategies for individual grower-finisher pig units, by integrating knowledge of nutrient utilization for growth and animal-environment interactions into one system. In addition, these models can be used to demonstrate basic principles of nutrient utilization for growth in the pig, to examine “what-if” scenarios, to aid in the development of pig breeding programs and to develop effective research programs. Models used in commercial pork production should represent the biology of growth in the pig and should be flexible, s
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11

Kaur, Navjot, Inderpreet Kaur, and Varinderpal Singh. "Evaluation of production and environmental aspects of different pig production systems in the Northern State of India, Punjab." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (2022): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021973-2204.

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Pig farming is stepping out from subsistence farming to commercial farming. In order to enhance the commercialized pork production for gaining self-sufficiency, it is necessary to study the production and related parameters of pig at farm level. This study aims to investigate the production parameters and disposal pattern of farm waste adopted by pig farmers in the Punjab. 90 piggery units were surveyed out of which sample size of total of 82 breeding-cum-finisher units of pig were categorized into small farms (< 10 sows), medium farms (10-25 sows) and large farms (> 25 sows). The study
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12

Jang, Yu Na, and Min Woong Jung. "Biochemical Changes and Biological Origin of Key Odor Compound Generations in Pig Slurry during Indoor Storage Periods: A Pyrosequencing Approach." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 12, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3503658.

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Production of odors is a complex process. Many bacterial species are involved in the production of an extensive array of key odor compounds in stored pig slurry. Understanding of basic microbial communities and their role during storage periods is an essential way to control and prevent the odors generations. In this aspect, the pig slurry samples were taken directly from deep pits of finisher pig building every two weeks, their biochemical changes were analysed, and the indigenous bacterial communities that involve in offensive odor producing compounds were identified. The SCFA, BCFA, phenols
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13

Balogh, Péter. "Global and national economic importance of pig meat production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 73 (August 29, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/73/1620.

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The pork production has changed significant in recent decades. Pig production fell significantly due to the need to adapt to new animal welfare rules in the sector. Furthermore, change in the meat consumption habit had also a negative effect on pig meat production. Hungarian pig sector and meat industry are in a difficult situation. Due to the high feed prices, the average production cost of pig farming has often exceeded the producer prices in recent years, therefore an increase of pig population could not be realised yet. Pig market is characterised by cyclical fluctuations of supply and pri
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14

Bartha, Andrea. "Pricing in the pig production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 29 (July 28, 2008): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/29/2965.

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During my research work I will exame the state of pig production and the pigmeat trade in Hungary as well as in the EU. In this article I am looking at this branch, I plan to ask consumers about this topic. There is no point in importing pork if there is no market for it. The reality is that we like what is new, unusual and different. What lies behind this way of thinking?Everybody agrees, consumer habits differ culturally, and this is true in European countries as well. I find it interesting to examine what parts of the pig are favoured the most by consumers in certain countries. As habits ar
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15

Brooks, P. H. "Book Review: Outdoor Pig Production." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 4 (1988): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700414.

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16

English, P. R. "The Economics of Pig Production." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 1 (1995): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400114.

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17

BONSACQUET, C. "Pig production : short-term prospects." Annales de Zootechnie 35, no. 3 (1986): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:19860323.

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18

Ridgeon, R. F. "The economics of pig production." British Veterinary Journal 144, no. 5 (1988): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(88)90084-x.

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19

Bai, Attila, László Stündl, Péter Bársony, et al. "Algae production on pig sludge." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 32, no. 3 (2012): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0077-2.

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20

Zhang, Yong-gang, Yu-long Yin, Jun Fang, and Qi Wang. "Pig production in subtropical agriculture." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 92, no. 5 (2011): 1016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4679.

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21

Martinat‐Botté, F., J. Bussiere, P. Guillouet, and M. Terqui. "Programmed Breeding in Pig Production." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 31, no. 3 (1996): 473–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.1996.tb00015.x.

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22

MARGETA, Vladimir, Kristina GVOZDANOVIĆ, Polona MARGETA, et al. "Low input production system suitable for Black Slavonian pig breeding." Acta agriculturae Slovenica. Suplement, no. 5 (September 18, 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas-s.2016.5.18892.

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Pig production in Croatia is organized on the big farms and small family farms. During the last 10 years there has been a drastic decrease in number of pigs. One of the reasons for this decrease is high production cost. For that reason it is necessary to reorganise pig production and introduce low cost production systems. Basis for this kind of production lies in the tradition and organic production, where most suitable pig breeds are indigenous, such as Black Slavonian and Turopolje pig. Due to its excellent quality the meat from these pig breeds can be used for production of traditional prod
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23

Komorowska, Dorota. "Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne wybranych typów gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 118 (July 4, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2017.118.14.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of management of production resources in selected types of farms, which belong to the most numerous specialized farms in Poland, i.e. farms oriented to plant production, specializing in milk production and pig production. The results of the analysis show that productions results and resource productivity are significantly higher in pig production farms due to the large share of feed purchased, which enabled a relatively large scale of production. At the same time, the economics efficiency of the resources was at the highest level in farms aimed a
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24

JAMES, DEBORAH E., FERNANDO T. KREUTZ, DAVID F. BIGGS, and MAVANUR R. SURESH. "Production of Murine/Guinea Pig and Rat/Guinea Pig Heterohybridomas." Hybridoma 15, no. 5 (1996): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hyb.1996.15.387.

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25

Pokorná, Kamila, Jaroslav Čítek, Kateřina Zadinová, Monika Okrouhlá, Nicole Lebedová, and Roman Stupka. "The Effect of Farming System Type on Piglet Production." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 3 (2020): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068030567.

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Reproductive performance of sows is the main factor influencing the profitability of piglet production, and simultaneously it is a basic indicator of farm management quality. The aim of this study was to compare reproductive performance of sows from intensive and extensive feeder pig operations and the costs on those farms. Evaluated were 42 sows from extensive pig farming and 464 sows from intensive pig farming. Lifelong performance was determined for all sows. The study's results show that sows from intensive pig farming achieved a mean 2.04 fewer lactations per lifetime and were culled earl
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26

ADINYA, I.B, L.A IBOM, E.A. AYUK, B.F AGIOPU, E.E UMOH, and G. N. UMEH. "ANALYSIS OF SELECTED VARIABLES AFFECTING SMALL-SCALE PIG PRODUCTION IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 2 (June 16, 2017): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809987.

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<em>This study was carried out to determine variables affecting pig production in Cross River State. A stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from three hundred (300) respondents in the study area. Data collected was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study indicates that majority of pig farmers in the study area were men. Analysis of result also revealed that most pig farmers in the study area own farm sizes less than one hectare and 57.33% of the respondents earned less than N15, 000.00 as monthly income while 3.33% earned more than N21,000.00.
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27

Wathes, C. M., and C. P. Schofield. "Precision pig management – resolving conflicts by integrated solutions." BSAP Occasional Publication 31 (2004): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00040271.

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Integrated management systems (IMS) for pig production are one means by which the industry will be able to meet tight product specifications while satisfying society's demands to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production. The systems are based on modern theories of process control that have been proven in other industries but have yet to be applied to pig production. The initial application will be growth of the finishing pig but other stages of production, e.g. the gestating sow, may also be managed using an IMS. In the longer term, control of environmental processes within pig
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28

Loveth, Omoviroro Okuma. "Economic analysis of pig production towards protein sufficiency and food security in the Niger Delta area, Nigeria." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 25, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15162345.

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The study was carried out to evaluate profitability and efficiency of pig production in the Niger Delta Area, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, cost and return analysis, and stochastic production frontier.&nbsp; The result showed that most of the pig farmers (51.9%) fell within age range 41-60years with Male farmers accounted for 69.4%. majority of Pig farmers 81.5% had formal education.
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Ngosomwile, Ntuli, Calvin Sindato, Erick V. G. Komba, and Daniel W. Ndyetabula. "The role of Pig production and Market value chain in the occurrence of African Swine Fever in Songwe and Ruvuma regions, Tanzania." East Africa Science 3, no. 1 (2021): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00004.

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Background: In recent years, the pig industry in Tanzania has faced frequent occurrence of outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). However, there is inadequate information on the pig value chain operation in relation to occurrence of ASF. This study aimed at mapping pig value chain and assess its contribution to the occurrence and spread of ASF in Tanzania.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Songwe, Momba, Songea and Mbinga districts of Tanzania. Study districts were purposively selected based on the density of pig population, differences in production systems and histor
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Lupenko, Yu, N. Kopytets, and V. Voloshyn. "Oraganizational and economic principles of the formation of production activities of agricultural enterprises in the field of pig breeding." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (189) (May 24, 2024): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2024-189-1-119-131.

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The article examines the organizational and economic conditions under which the production activity of agricultural enterprises in the field of pig breeding in Ukraine is formed. The pig industry and the pig meat market are traditional and play an important role in providing the population with meat and meat products. The demand for pig meat in the world is growing, which is due to both the growth of the world population and the economic development of individual countries of the world. Ukraine can become an important participant in the pig meat market in the world under the condition of incre
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Fesenko, V., P. Karkach, Y. Mashkin, and P. Kuzmenko. "Theoretical aspects of innovative technologies in pig production." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1 (186) (May 24, 2024): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2024-186-1-71-80.

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In the context of the globalization of the economy, the development of pig breeding enterprises is possible based on the highly efcient production of livestock products. A constraining factor for development is the lack of innovative technologies in most enterprises and the insignifcant impact of the introduction of innovative activities on improving production efciency. There is an important need to implement innovative transformations that would improve the economic performance of pig breeding enterprises, saturate the market with domestically produced products, and satisfy the social demand
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Kittawornrat, Apisit, and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman. "Toward a better understanding of pig behavior and pig welfare." Animal Health Research Reviews 12, no. 1 (2010): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252310000174.

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AbstractPork production began to flourish in the USA after the practice of finishing pigs on corn was popularized in the late 1600s. By the 1840s, there were 35 million pigs and 20 million people in the USA and Cincinnati was the world's largest pork market. Between 1890 and the present, the total number of pigs in the USA has remained at 50–60 million, but dramatic changes in swine husbandry over the course of the 20th century have metamorphosed pig production from small, extensive (outdoor), labor-dependent enterprises into large, intensive (indoor), capital-dependent, production systems. Th
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Ziętara, Wojciech. "PRODUCTION OF LIVE PIGS IN POLAND – CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 1 (2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0859.

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The article presents the current situation of Polish farms oriented towards pig breeding, resulting from a drastic reduction in the pig population after 2007 which took place in farms holding up to 200 pigs. The assessment covered the production and economic activity of pig farms, by determining their efficiency and competitiveness against a background of similar farms from Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and Spain. The results of analyses show that the major factor determining production efficiency and competitiveness of Polish pig farms was the production scale stemming from a very low lev
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34

Etim, Nsikak-Abasi A., Elizabeth S. Ebukiba, Edet J. Udoh, and Esther U. Essang. "Technical Efficiency in Swine Production Under Different Waste Management Techniques." World Journal of Social Science 9, no. 1 (2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v9n1p38.

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In spite of the enormous benefits derivable from pig production, farmers are yet to fully maximize output due largely to inefficiency in the use of resources. An empirical study was carried out to examine the technical efficiency of resource use in swine production under different waste management strategies. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 60 farmers and primary data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire. Using the stochastic production frontier function based on the Cobb- Douglas form, asymptotic parameter estimates were evaluated to describe efficiency determinant
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35

Warouw, Zadrak M., V. V. J. Panelewen, and Arie D. P. Mirah. "ANALISIS USAHA PETERNAKAN BABI PADA PERUSAHAN “KASEWEAN” KAKASKASEN II KOTA TOMOHON." ZOOTEC 34, no. 1 (2014): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.1.2014.3875.

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ABSTRACTPIG FARM ANALYSIS OF KASEWEAN COMPANY AT KAKASKASEN II OF TOMOHON MUNICIPALITY. The objective of this study were to find cost production, benefit and break even point of pig farming in Kasewean enterprise located in Tomohon city. The Results of the study showed that, Kasewean enterprise had breakeven Point on pig farming at 103 103 heads, and the income level was Rp. 178.509.314/period of production. Value of the breakeven point could be seen through the value Margin Of Safety (MOS) of 67.62%, meaning that if the rate of production decreased by 67.63%, the pig farm is still in state of
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Ivanović, Sanjin, Lana Nastić, and Radomir Savić. "INVESTMENTS IN SERBIAN PIG PRODUCTION – INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 70, no. 2 (2023): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.59267/ekopolj2302597i.

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Pig production is one of the most important elements of Serbian livestock breeding sector. Although it faces numerous challenges, there is not enough research focused on its economic effectiveness. The goal of this research is to analyze influence of regional disparities on economic efficiency of investments in Serbian pig production. The main methodological approach was to determine the present value of investments in pig production (for Mačva and Šumadija regions). Authors applied sensitivity and scenario analysis, as well. Riskiness of investments is compared using standard deviation and co
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Pidhornyi, A., and M. Ibbatulin. "Directions for strengthening cooperative ties in pig production." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-109-119.

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Possible directions of development of cooperation in the feld of pig breeding have been investigated in the article. The analysis of import and export of pig production in Ukraine in recent years has been carried out, which showed that today there is a need to improve integrated relations in the pig industry. The features of the cooperation process in highly developed countries (USA, Denmark, Netherlands, China, Poland) are highlighted. It is proved that the organization of a cooperative association can be accomplished by the acquisition of processing facilities at the expense of fnancial reso
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Van Mierlo, Klara, Louise Baert, Ellen Bracquené, Johan De Tavernier, and Annemie Geeraerd. "The Influence of Farm Characteristics and Feed Compositions on the Environmental Impact of Pig Production in Flanders: Productivity, Energy Use and Protein Choices Are Key." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 11623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111623.

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The growing pig production sector is a large contributor of negative impacts to the environment and feed production is responsible for a large part of these impacts. Pig production systems, including feed compositions, are variable, resulting in variable potential environmental impacts. This study investigated the influence of different farm characteristics and feed compositions on the environmental impact of pig production in Flanders. A Life Cycle Assessment approach was followed, including data from 39 farms and monthly feed compositions in the year 2018. Even though feed production contrib
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39

Wang, Yuran. "Enhancing the Efficiency of Pig Production by Utilizing Advanced Breeding Techniques." Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences 3 (November 26, 2024): 305–10. https://doi.org/10.62051/r3akta71.

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Since the farming society, people have begun to cultivate land and raise animals at the same time to provide a stable source of food. As one of the earliest animals raised by humans on a large scale, pigs are still the most purchased meat per capita today, occupying a large part of animal husbandry system. In modern animal husbandry, pig breeding is of utmost importance, as it relates to pork production and quality, as well as the economic benefits of the livestock industry. Selection, genetic marker technology and gene editing techniques assist in pig breeding, such as removing key genes that
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40

Piao, Shiyong, Xijie Jin, Shuangyu Hu, and Ji-Yong Lee. "The Impact of African Swine Fever on the Efficiency of China’s Pig Farming Industry." Sustainability 16, no. 17 (2024): 7819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16177819.

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African Swine Fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease that has significantly impacted the pig farming industry in China. It first broke out in China in 2018 and quickly spread to multiple provinces, significantly affecting the production efficiency of the pig farming industry. This study utilized pig production data from 17 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022 and applied the Malmquist production efficiency index and panel regression methods to assess the impact of the ASF epidemic on the efficiency of the pig farming industry. The results indicated that the outbreak of ASF significantly reduced
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41

Joyroy, Monthita, Patikorn Sriphirom, Direkrit Buawech, and Bhanupong Phrommarat. "Life Cycle Assessment of Slaughtered Pork Production: A Case Study in Thailand." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 22, no. 4 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240074.

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Pork is a staple food in many cultures worldwide and plays a significant role in global food systems. However, the production of pork is associated with various environmental issues throughout its life cycle. This study employed a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of slaughtered pork production in Thailand. The system boundaries encompassed pig breeding, pig farming, and slaughtering. The primary focus was on identifying significant contributors to environmental burdens throughout the pork production chain. Three scenarios for pig feed compositions were assessed.
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42

MERTA-STASZCZAK, ADRIANA, ANNA ZWYRZYKOWSKA-WODZIŃSKA, ANNA JANKOWSKA-MĄKOSA, and DAMIAN KNECHT. "Pig production in Poland in the 20th century: History and future prospects." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 80, no. 05 (2024): 6872–2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6872.

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The article is based on a comparative analysis of statistical data on the size and structure of pig herds in Poland in the period of 1930-1989. It focuses on the economic situation and agricultural policies after World War I and World War II and the problems due to war damage and the communist economic system imposed by the Soviet Union. Polish pig breeding was successful in the postwar periods in terms of the development of breeding material for noble pig breeds: Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Złotnicka White, Złotnicka spotted, and Puławska. This article shows the long-term prospects o
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MADEC, F., R. GEERS, P. C. VESSEUR, N. KJELDSEN, and T. BLAHA. "Traceability in the pig production chain." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 20, no. 2 (2001): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.20.2.1290.

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Vandermeulen, J., C. Bahr, E. Tullo, et al. "Discerning Pig Screams in Production Environments." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (2015): e0123111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123111.

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Hämeenoja, Pirkko. "Animal Health and Welfare – Pig Production." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 43, Suppl 1 (2002): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-43-s1-s33.

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Oldham, John. "Pig recording for production and profit." In Practice 11, no. 1 (1989): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.11.1.35.

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Walker, P. K., and G. Bilkei. "Tail-biting in outdoor pig production." Veterinary Journal 171, no. 2 (2006): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.10.011.

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Backus, G. B. C., C. P. A. van Wagenberg, and N. Verdoes. "Environmental impact of pig meat production." Meat Science 49 (January 1998): S65—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(98)90038-9.

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Chang, H. S. "Pig iron production structure in Japan." Resources Policy 21, no. 4 (1995): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(96)85058-6.

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Yeung, Hoi C., and Paulo C. R. Lima. "Modeling of Pig Assisted Production Methods." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 1 (2002): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1446474.

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Abstract:
More and more transient gas-liquid operations in pipes have been successfully applied in the oil and gas industry. Pigging operation in two-phase pipelines to remove liquid accumulation or for cleaning purpose is an important transient operation. Another important operation is the injection of gas to transport the accumulated liquid in the pipeline to process facilities. Analysis of such transient two-phase flow in a pipeline is necessary not only for designing the liquid and gas handling facilities, but also for establishing safe operating procedures. In pipeline-riser systems, such operation
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