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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pigeonpea'
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1
Sakala, Webster Denis Moffat. "Nitrogen dynamics in Maize Pigeonpea intercropping in Malawi." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300405.
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Odeny, Damaris Achieng. "Microsatellite development and application in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980599296.
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Soko, Hastings Nthayinda. "Inheritance of time to flowering in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245053.
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Omanga, Paul Abuto. "Measurement and prediction of flowering in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359210.
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Nndwambi, F. H. "Evaluation of dryland maize / pigeonpea intercropping under variable phosphorus application rates." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1233.
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Thesis (M.Sc (Plant Production)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Information on the performance of the maize and pigeonpea intercropping system under dryland conditions of South Africa is scanty. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum P level and productivity of pigeonpea and maize under the dryland intercropping system. Five P rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg P ha-1) were applied to both sole and pigeonpea intercropped with maize in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Growth parameters and yield and yield attributes of pigeonpea and maize were measured to determine performance of both crops. There were significant differences in grain yield of pigeonpea as influenced by P rates in both seasons. Highest grain yields of 781 kg ha-1 during 2009/10 and 894 kg ha-1 during 2010/11 were obtained at P rate of 45 kg ha-1. Cropping system significantly influenced grain yield of pigeonpea in 2010/11 season with 37.1% higher pigeonpea grain yield from intercropped plots than in sole pigeonpea plots. There was 21.8% increase in grain yield of pigeonpea across two seasons as influenced by P rate. Maize grain yield showed little response to P rate only during the first season. However, highest maize grain yield of 1699 kg ha-1 was obtained at 60 kg P ha-1 during the 2009/10 season. Maize grain yield was only significantly influenced by cropping system during the 2010/11 season where sole plots achieved higher grain yield of 4148 kg ha-1 compared to 3297 kg ha-1 from intercrop plots. The results revealed that P application increased grain yield of pigeonpea significantly, especially in intercropped plots. The calculated total land equivalent ratio (LER) for the two crops gave positive and higher than one values, which suggests a favourable grain yield advantage for maize/pigeon pea intercrop.
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Marshall, Fiona M. "Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12206/.
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The productivity of two spatial arrangements of a perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry system was examined in relation to the capture and use of light and water and alterations in microclimatic conditions. Line planted (5.4 m alleys) and dispersed arrangements (1.8 x 1.2 m spacing) of pigeonpea were compared, using populations of 0.5 plants m2 for pigeonpea and 33 plants m2 (0.3 x 0.1 m spacing) for groundnut in both treatments. Sole pigeonpea and groundnut treatments were included for comparison. The experiment was conducted between July 1989 and March 1991 on a 0.6 ha plot of Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Andhra Pradesh, India, using a randomised block design with four replications. The first groundnut harvest took place in October 1989, while pigeonpea was harvested for grain and fodder in January 1990, and was cut to a height of 0.5 m during the 1990 dry season and again in August 1990 after a second groundnut crop was sown. The second groundnut harvest took place in November 1990 and the final pigeonpea grain harvest was in January 1991. Light interception, soil and leaf temperatures and saturation deficit were continuously monitored in all treatments and at various distances from the pigeonpea in the line and dispersed treatments, whilst windspeed was monitored at a single location in each treatment. Regular destructive samples of groundnut were used to establish effects on growth and development and the results were considered in relation to the concurrent physical measurements to determine the environmental factors influencing productivity. In order to establish a water balance, rainfall records were maintained, runoff plots were installed and soil moisture content was measured regularly throughout the drying cycle. Transpiration by pigeonpea was monitored using a heat balance technique, while transpiration by groundnut and soil surface evaporation were estimated from micrometeorological data. As pigeonpea is initially slow growing, there was little reduction in groundnut yield in either the line or dispersed treatments in 1989 and there was a slight intercrop advantage in overall biomass production when expressed in the terms of the land equivalent ratios. In 1990, groundnut pod yield was reduced by 20 and 44 % in the line and dispersed treatments relative to the sole crop, despite substantial increases in the light conversion coefficient for the shaded groundnut. The lower pod yield resulted from the delayed onset of pod initiation and a slower rate of development, and was mainly due the effects of shading by the pigeonpea canopy, although mild water stress may have been a minor contributory factor. The small reductions in saturation deficit and soil and leaf temperatures experienced by the shaded groundnut had a negligible effect on growth and development. There was a considerable increase in overall biomass production in the line and dispersed treatments as compared with 1989 due to rapid pigeonpea growth, which reflected an increase in overall resource use rather than in the light conversion coefficient or water use ratios of the systems. The influence of spatial arrangement on the growth and productivity of pigeonpea became apparent after the 1990 dry season. Biomass production by pigeonpea in the dispersed treatment was approximately double that of the line planting between August 1990 and January 1991. This was entirely due to increased transpiration by the dispersed pigeonpea as a result of greater utilisation of stored soil moisture and reduced losses by surface evaporation and deep drainage. There was no difference in the water use ratio. To examine further the mechanisms responsible for the differences in productivity and water use by the line and dispersed pigeonpea, trench profile methodology was used to examine the root systems in December 1990. The root system of the dispersed pigeonpea was distributed over the entire 2.0 m depth x 2.7 m width exposed soil profile, whilst that of the line arrangement occupied no more than 50 % of the same area. The results of this work are discussed in relation to previous studies of resource use and productivity in intercropping and agroforestry systems, and possible applications and future developments are considered. Finally, the major physical and socioeconomic factors determining the potential of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems for adoption by farmers in semi-arid India are discussed.
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Ranade, S. A. "Molecular studies in plant genomes with special reference to cowpea and pigeonpea." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1986. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3263.
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Chikusie-Chirwa, Paxie Wanangwa. "Water and nitrogen dynamics in Gliricidia sepium/pigeonpea/maize systems in Southern Malawi." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395622.
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Dawit, Abigail Ngugi. "Improvement of Helicoverpa armigera resistance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) through 'omics and breeding." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226045/1/Abigail_Dawit_Thesis.pdf.
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Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is a sub-tropical and tropical pulse rich in plant-based protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Helicoverpa armigera is the most devastating insect pest in pigeonpea. This study focussed on deciphering the molecular host plant resistance (HPR) mechanisms applied by Cajanus scarabaeoides a wild pigeonpea against insect using transcriptomic and proteomic studies. These HPR mechanisms were transferred to the cultivated pigeonpea via interspecific hybridisation, and they are stable at F2 generation. The study outcome provides a unique insight into the insect resistance mechanisms employed by C. scarabaeoides and lays the foundation for further studies and applications.
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Mawal, M. R. "Studies of seed storage proteins in legumes with a special reference to pigeonpea." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1988. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5962.
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Mligo, Joseph Kassain. "Towards an understanding of the adaptation of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245014.
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Otieno, Mark. "Assessing the drivers of pollinator and natural enemy communities in pigeonpea and field beam crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533746.
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Nahdy, Mohammed Silim. "Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the biology and distribution of common storage pests of pigeonpea." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294566.
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Kassa, Mulualem Tamiru. "Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in dometicated pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and wild relatives." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003773.
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Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Pigeonpea) belongs to the Leguminosae genus Cajanus which is composed of 34 species. Pigeonpea is the only cultivated member of the genus, while the remaining species are wild relatives belonging mainly to the secondary gene pool. DNA sequence data from the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast trnL-F spacer were utilized to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between Cajanus and five other allied genera in the subtribe Cajaninae. This study revealed the non-monophyly of Cajanus and Rhynchosia and supported the monophyly of Eriosema and Flemingia, but more sampling ,especially from the large genera of Rhynchosia and Eriosema, is recommend to adequately test the hypothesis of generic monophyly. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cajanus resolved Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars as the most basal species in the Cajanus clade. The study also utilized Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from low copy orthologous genes and genotyped using the high throughput SNP-OPA Illumina golden gate assay. The aim was to understand phylogenetic and domestication history, genetic structure, patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow and historical hybridization between Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea) and wild relatives. The neighbor-joining tree resolved well-supported clusters, which reflect the distinctiveness of species and congruence with their geographical origin. It supported the ITS based phylogeny and resolved C. scarabaeoides as basal to the Cajanus clade. The phylogenetic signal and genetic signatures revealed insights into the domestication history of pigeonpea. Our results supported Cajanus cajanifolius as the presumed progenitor of pigeonpea and we speculate that for pigeonpea there was a single major domestication event in India. Genetic admixture and historical hybridization were evident between pigeonpea and wild relatives. Abundant allelic variation and genetic diversity was found in the wild relatives, with the exception of wild species from Australia, as compared to the domesticated pigeonpea. There was a reduction of about 75% in genetic polymorphism in domesticated pigeonpea as compared to the wild relatives, indicating a severe “domestication bottleneck” during pigeonpea domestication. We discovered SNP markers associated with disease resistance (NBS-LRR) loci. The SNPs were mined in a comparison of BAC-end sequences (BES) of C. cajan and amplicons of the wild species, C. scarabaeoides. A total of ~3000 SNPs were identified from 304 BES. These SNPs could potentially be used in constructing a genetic map and for marker assisted breeding.
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Mohan, M. L. "Studies on in vitro plant regeneration and its applications in pigeonpea[Cajanus Cajan(L.)Millsp.]." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2001. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2336.
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Marley, Paul Shaba. "Resistance mechanisms in pigeonpea to Fusarium wilt and the effects of interaction with root-knot nematodes." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240701.
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Ratnaparkhe, M. B. "Molecular characterization of pigeonpea (cajanus cajan (L.) millsp.) and its wild relatives using Pcrgenerated Dna markers." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1998. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3403.
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Sajid, G. Mustafa. "Hydrogen Uptake Genes and Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency of Rhizobium Species in Symbiosis With Alfalfa, Chickpea and Pigeonpea." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3458.
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The plasmids pDN211 and pDNll, isolated from the gene bank of the Rhizobium japonicum strain I-110, have been reported to complement two different Nif+ Hup· (nitrogen fixation positive and hydrogen uptake negative) mutants. A 5.9-kb Hindiii DNA fragment of the cosmid pHU52, isolated from the gene bank of R. japonicum strain 122DES, has been reported to code for the two polypeptide subunits of uptake hydrogenase. To determine homology between the structural genes of uptake hydrogenase of the two strains, a Southern blot of the Hindiii restriction fragments of the plasmids pDN211 and pDN11 was hybridized to the 5.9-kb Hindiii fragment. A 6.0-kb HindIII DNA fragment of pDN11 was observed to be homologous to the hup DNA probe. Thus, the hup genes of the two Rhizobium strains are conserved.
Colony hybridization with the 5.9-kb DNA as the probe was used to detect the homologous hup genes in alfalfa-, chickpea- and pigeonpea- Rhizobium species. These Rhizobium species were also successfully derepressed for uptake hydrogenase in free living conditions. It was found that 30% of the alfalfa-, 30% of the chickpea- and 21% of the pigeonpea- Rhizobium strains tested were Hup+ as determined by the methylene blue (MB) reduction assay. All but one strain of alfalfa- (Celpril Ind. 3623) and one strain of pigeonpea- Rhizobium (IC3282) that showed strong homology to the hup DNA probe also exhibited MB reduction activity.
The Hup+ strains of alfalfa- and pigeonpea- Rhizobium produced significantly higher yields as compared to the Hup- strains, whereas those of the chickpea-Rhizobium strains produced significantly lower yields as compared to the Hup- strains. Two of the alfalfa-Rhizobium strains, USDA1024 and CmRm~, exhibited Hup activities greater than any reported previously for this bacterial species. The cosmid-borne hup genes of R. japonicum were successfully expressed in all strains tested but the enzyme activities were very low in alfalfa-Rhizobium compared to those in chickpea- and pigeonpea-Rhizobium species. The relative efficiency of N2-fixation was significantly increased by the transfer of hup genes into the chickpea- and pigeonpea- Rhizobium strains.
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Sousa, Adna Cristina Barbosa de. "Estudos genético moleculares em forrageiras tropicais." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317435.
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Orientadores: Anete Pereira de Souza, Liana JankTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As pastagens cultivadas, utilizadas em pastejo, constituem a forma mais econômica de fornecer alimentação abundante e de qualidade aos animais. Entre as principais forrageiras cultivadas, está a gramínea Panicum maximum Jacq. que ocupa uma posição de destaque na pecuária brasileira por apresentar elevada produção e qualidade, ser facilmente propagada por sementes e altamente palatável ao gado. As leguminosas forrageiras também são importantes não só pela qualidade e quantidade de forragem produzida, mas também pela fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico e transferência às gramíneas associadas, reduzindo os custos de produção. Entre elas citamos, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Centrosema pubescens Benth. e Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Apesar de estas forrageiras terem sido estudadas dos pontos de vista morfológico e agronômico, conhecimentos genéticos ainda são limitados. A caracterização do sistema reprodutivo e o conhecimento da extensão da variabilidade genética contida dentro dos bancos de germoplasma podem auxiliar no planejamento de estratégias para maximizar os ganhos genéticos em programas de melhoramento. Nesse contexto, foram utilizados marcadores microssatélites para estimar a diversidade genética de acessos do banco de germoplasma de P. maximum, C. cajan, C. pubescens e C. mucunoides. Foram desenvolvidos 75 marcadores microssatélites polimórficos para P. maximum, 26 para C. pubescens, 23 para C. mucunoides e para C. cajan foram selecionados 43 microssatélites da literatura. Os resultados mostraram a eficiência desses marcadores para estimar a diversidade genética intra e interespecífica, obtida através de similaridades genéticas. Foi possível observar a formação de grupos bem definidos entre os acessos dessas espécies e adicionalmente, a transferibilidade desses marcadores específicos para outras espécies de forrageiras tropicais. Considerando o potencial de C. pubescens e C. mucunoides para as pastagens cultivadas brasileiras, o sistema reprodutivo dessas espécies foi caracterizado com os microssatélites desenvolvidos. A taxa de cruzamento encontrada para C. pubescens foi de 26% e para C. mucunoides foi de 16%, mostrando que ambas as espécies apresentam um sistema misto de reprodução com predominância de autogamia. Esses dados devem ser considerados durante a multiplicação de sementes para manutenção do banco de germoplasma, a fim de manter a integridade individual de cada acesso. O conhecimento da estrutura genética da população de uma espécie, aliado ao conhecimento de outras características biológicas de interesse, pode fornecer subsídios para programas de conservação do germoplasma, manejo sustentável, domesticação e melhoramento genético da espécie. Os marcadores microssatélites desenvolvidos nesse trabalho, a caracterização da diversidade genética e a taxa de cruzamento são resultados fundamentais, promissores e consistentes para uso no melhoramento, podendo contribuir de forma eficiente na seleção e uso dos recursos genéticos disponíveis.
Abstract: Cultivated pastures used for grazing, are the most economical way to provide abundant high quality feed to animals. Among the main fodder crops, the grass Panicum maximum Jacq. occupies a prominent position in the Brazilian livestock industry by presenting high yield and quality, being easily propagated by seeds and highly palatable to livestock. The legumes also are important not only due to the quality and quantity of fodder produced, but also due to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and transfer to the associated grasses, reducing production costs. Among them, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Centrosema pubescens Benth. and Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Although these forages have been studied from the morphological and agronomic standpoint, genetic information is still limited. The characterization of the reproductive system and the knowledge of the extent of genetic variability contained within the germplasm banks can assist in planning strategies to maximize genetic gains. In this context, microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of germplasm banks of selected accessions of P. maximum, C. cajan, C. pubescens and C. mucunoides. Seventy-five polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for P. maximum, 26 for C. pubescens, 23 for C. mucunoides and for C. cajan 43 microsatellites were selected from the literature. The results showed the efficiency of these markers to estimate the intra and interspecific genetic diversity obtained through genetic similarities. It was possible to observe the formation of welldefined clusters among the accessions within these species and in addition, the transferability of these specific markers to other species of tropical forages. Considering the potential of C. pubescens and C. mucunoides for the Brazilian cultivated pastures the reproductive system of these species were characterized with the microsatellites developed. The outcrossing rate was 26% for C. pubescens and 16% for C. mucunoides, showing that both species have a mixed mating system with predominance of autogamy. This information should be considered during the multiplication of seeds for maintenance of the germplasm bank, in order to conserve the integrity of each individual genotype. Knowledge of the genetic structure, together with other biological characteristics of interest can provide support to germplasm conservation programs, sustainable management, domestication and breeding of the species. The microsatellite markers developed in this research, the characterization of the genetic diversity and crossing rates are fundamental results, both promising and consistent to be used in breeding and may contribute to the efficiency of selection and use of the available genetic resources.
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Alhassan, Ahmed Yakubu. "Effect of seedbed type and different intercrop densities of soya bean (glycine max) and pigeonpea (cajanus cajan) on the performance of sorghum (sorghum bicolor) in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342319.
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Rosa, Danielle Medina. "Supressão de plantas invasoras e características agronômicas da cultura do milho sob resíduos culturais e leguminosas em sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/305.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-13The use of cover crops on no-tillage system can add several advantages, such as controlling the weeds population. The leguminous species also carry out biological nitrogen fixation, increase nutrients to the soil and bring other benefits. Therefore, this research aimed at testing the leguminous, dwarf mucuna beans, dwarf pigeon pea and stylosanthes on seedling, maize development and the weeds incidence. This trial was carried out in both field and laboratory. On field, the leguminous species were sown in October of 2007 plus a control one (fallow) in 20 parcels of 4 x 5 m plots with five replicates each. The weeds population was recorded at 30 and 60 days after sowing of leguminous. At 90 days, they were grazed and the maize, 15 days after grazing, was planted on waste. The emergence and growth of plants were assessed, besides the weeds incidence during culture development. At the laboratory, after harvest, corn yield and seeds quality were determined. As well as the allelopathy tests on leguminous, so the aerial parts were collected and the aqueous extract of leaves was prepared at concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %, while the control was prepared with distilled water. The extract was applied on seeds of weeds (Ipomoea L., Sida rhombifolia L. and Bidens pillosa) and on maize, with four replications per treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized and the means were compared by Scott-Knott at 5% of significance. The studied cover plants showed efficient control of weeds and did not interfere in a negative way on the maize crop. Actually, it is an alternative to the integrated management of species concerning the summer green manure and crop rotation in no-tillage system for the Western region of Paraná.
A utilização de plantas de cobertura em manejo de sistema plantio direto pode agregar uma série de vantagens, entre elas, o controle da população de espécies invasoras. As leguminosas ainda realizam a fixação biológica do nitrogênio, incrementando este nutriente ao solo, além de outras vantagens. Assim, este trabalho testou as leguminosas mucuna anã, feijão guandu anão e estilosantes, sobre a germinação e crescimento de milho e a incidência de espécies invasoras. O experimento foi realizado em campo e laboratório. Em campo, as espécies leguminosas foram semeadas em outubro de 2007, com uma testemunha (pousio), em 20 parcelas de 4x5 m cada, com cinco repetições. Aos 30 e 60 dias após a semeadura das leguminosas, foram levantadas a população de plantas invasoras. Aos 90 dias, as plantas foram roçadas e o milho semeado 15 dias após a roçagem, sobre os resíduos. As avaliações feitas foram de emergência de plântulas e crescimento de plantas, além da incidência de plantas invasoras durante o desenvolvimento da cultura. Em laboratório, após a colheita, foram determinadas a produtividade e qualidade de sementes e realizados testes quanto ao potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso da parte aérea das leguminosas de cobertura nas concentrações de 1; 2,5; 5; 10 e 20% e uma testemunha com água destilada. O extrato foi aplicado sobre sementes das invasoras corda de viola, guanxuma e picão preto,; e milho, com quatro repetições por tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias foram comparadas por Scott-Knott a 5% de significância. As plantas de cobertura estudadas apresentaram eficiente controle de plantas invasoras e não interferiram de forma negativa sobre a cultura do milho, sendo alternativa para o manejo integrado de espécies na prática de adubação verde de primavera/verão e rotação de cultura no sistema plantio direto, para a região Oeste do Paraná.
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Chibwana, P. A. D. "Nitrogen fixation in pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) and transfer of nitrogen to associated ryegrass (Lolium perrene L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317631.
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Changaya, Albert Gideon. "Development of high yielding pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) germplasm with resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium udum) in Malawi." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/968.
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Madimabe, Koketso Sherleen. "Productivity of five pigeonpea (cajanus cajan) varieties in pigeonpea-maize strip intercroppin in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2908.
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Thesis (M. Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) is an important grain legume crop in tropical and subtropical countries, where it provides a cheap source of protein. Smallholder farmers in Limpopo Province cultivate landraces of pigeonpea, which are characterised with late maturity, low grain yield and being sensitive to photoperiod. To increase the productivity of the cropping system involving pigeonpea, several earlymedium maturity varieties have been introduced. However, performance of the varieties has not been tested in strip intercropping in Limpopo Province. Farmers plant these landraces by using mixed intercropping without definite row arrangement. This practice does not optimise plant density; it hinders farm inputs application and is characterised producing low yields. Therefore, the inclusion of early maturing varieties of pigeonpea in an intercrop will enable farmers to select the best variety for planting in future and thus enhance their output as well as their productivity. The objectives of this study were to assess the agronomic performance of five pigeonpea varieties in pigeonpea-maize strip intercropping, to determine the effect of strip intercropping on maize yield and establish the effect of location and season variations on the performance of both component crops under the intercropping system. Experiments were conducted at the University of Limpopo Experimental Farm (UL Farm) and Ga-Thaba village during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 season. Five improved early-medium maturing pigeonpea varieties (ICEAP 001284, ICEAP 00604, ICEAP 87091, ICEAP 00661 and ICEAP 01101-2) from ICRISAT were evaluated under strip intercropping with maize cultivar PAN 6479. The varieties were selected as earlymedium maturing varieties from previous pigeonpea trials. The trials were laid in a split plot design. The main plot comprised cropping systems (intercrop and monocrop), while the subplot comprised the varieties with three replications. Data collected on pigeonpea were number of days to 50% flowering and 90% maturity number of primary branches; plant height (cm); number of pods per plant; pod length (cm); number of seed per pod; hundred seed weight (g); and grain yield (kg ha-1), whereas on maize, number of days to 50% tasselling and silking; plant height (cm); cob length (cm); cob per plant; grain yields (kg ha-1); and stover (kg ha-1) were recorded. LER was calculated to determine intercropping productivity. Data analysis was done using Statistic 10.0; and Least Significance Difference (LSD) was used to separate the means that showed significant differences at an alpha level of 0.05. The results revealed significant differences in nearly all pigeonpea variables expect (pod length, number of seed per pod and hundred seed weight). Variables that showed significant differences in maize were plant height, cob length, grain yields and stover. Number of days to 50% flowering and 90% physiological maturity differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among varieties at the UL Farm and Ga-Thaba. Varieties (ICEAP 001284 and ICEAP 00604) exhibited the shortest number of days to 50% flowering and 90% maturity in both locations during both seasons. The interaction between variety x season (V x S) showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in pigeonpea grain yield. The top yielders during 2015/16 at the UL Farm were ICEAP 01101-2 (1555 kg ha-1) and ICEAP 001284 (1280 kg ha-1), while during the 2016/17 season, they were ICEAP 001284 (937 kg ha-1) and ICEAP 01101-2 (912 kg ha-1). High yielder at Ga-Thaba during the 2016/17 season were ICEAP 001284 and ICEAP 01101-2 with grain yields of 671 kg ha-1 and 627 kg ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, varieties that obtained high yields during the 2015/16 season were ICEAP 001284 (504 kg ha-1) and ICEAP 00604 (541 kg ha-1). Most of the varieties during both seasons at the UL Farm and Ga-Thaba yielded more than 500 kg ha-1 under strip intercropping as compared to mixed intercropping, which obtained yields averages of below 400 kg ha-1. The highest maize grain yields of 1450 kg ha-1 were recorded during 2015/16 as compared to 958 kg ha1 during the 2016/17 season at the UL Farm. The calculated total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for the two crops in both locations gave positive and higher than 1 values, which suggests a favourable grain yield advantage for maize-pigeonpea strip intercrop over mixed intercropping. Key words: Cajanus cajan, maize, cropping system, maturity, grain yields, land equivalent ratio
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Matlala, Mankgere Virginia. "Performance of elite pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) varieties in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3461.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Pigeonpea (cajanus cajan [L] Millsp.) is a legume crop which is grown mainly in the Semi-Arid Tropical (SAT) regions and it is mostly cultivated for its edible seeds. It has been identified as a possible substitute crop which can be bought by all people and it can also provide an acceptable amount of nutrition and protein in particular as it is not an expensive source of protein when compared to animal protein. Its ability to tolerate drought and fix atmospheric nitrogen makes it suitable for marginal areas with low rainfall and poor fertility. However, it remains one of the underutilized crops due to limited research on the crop’s diversification and adaptation. Smallholder farmers in the Limpopo Province cultivate landraces pigeonpea varieties that are characterized by late maturity, low grain yield and are sensitive to photoperiod and this makes it difficult for the cultivars to flower early and produce reasonable yield. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the nitrogen fixation, yield and yield components of exotic elite pigeonpea genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm (Syferkuil) in Mankweng during the 2017/18 growing seasons. The trial was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of three replications. A total of 18 elite pigeonpea breeding lines obtained from ICRISAT in Kenya were planted at an inter-row and intra-row spacing of 1m and 0.5m respectively, in a row of 5m length with an alley way of 2m between the blocks. The standard management practices for pigeonpea were used for weed and insect control. The agronomic data collected included the number of days to first and 50% flowering, the number of days to 90% maturity, canopy width (m), plant height (m), peduncle length (m), number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), hundred seed weight (g), calcium content, sodium content, magnesium content, phosphorus content, potassium content, iron content, zinc content, proportion of legume N derived from the fixation of atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa), amount of nitrogen fixed and the grain yield (kg.ha-1 ). The generated data was subjected to an analysis of variance using the Statistix 10.0 software. The Least Significance Difference (LSD) was used to separate the means that showed significant differences at an alpha level of 0.05. The results revealed significant differences in nearly all the pigeonpea variables (pod length, number of seed per pod, nutrient elements and the number of primary branches). Across genotypes, the number of days to 50% flowering ranged from 95 to 130 days, while the number of days to 90% maturity ranged from 172 to 220 days, with variety ICEAP 01154-2 being the earliest to flower and mature. Tall plants were observed by variety ICEAP 01541 (2.01m) followed by ICEAP 00902 (1.99m) and ICEAP 00850 (1.90m). Breeding line ICEAP 00673-1 recorded long peduncles with a mean of 0.94m. The number of pods per plant had a range between 56 and 482, while the pod length varied from 2.03 to 8.82cm. Variety ICEAP 00673-1 exhibited the highest number of pods per plant and with longest pods. The 100 seed weight varied from 9.43 to 16.97g among the genotypes. The higher calcium amount was observed in verities ICEAP 00979-1 with an average of 556 mg/L and the highest iron content was observed in ICEAP 01172-2 (14 mg/L). The potassium content ranged between 24 mg/L to 110 mg/L, with the variety ICEAP 00540 having the highest and the variety ICEAP 00850 having the lowest content. The sodium content ranged from 15 to 85.1 mg/L, with the variety ICEAP 01154-2 being the highest and the variety ICEAP 01147-1 having the lowest sodium content. The highest magnesium content was observed in ICEAP 00673-1 (141 mg/L). The phosphorus content ranged from 24.5 to 3.77 mg/L and the highest zinc content was observed in ICEAP 01541 and in ICEAP 00979-1 that had an average of 2.36 and 2.26 mg/L, respectively. The amount of nitrogen fixed from all the varieties ranged from 73.547 to 154.254 kg.ha-1 . The grain yield among the genotypes ranged from 89.24 to 785.29 kg.ha-1 . The top yielding varieties were ICEAP 01159 and ICEAP 00557 with grain yields of 785.29 and 661.51 kg.ha-1 . ICEAP 01159 and ICEAP 00557 are the varieties that produced the highest grain yields and they are recommended for cultivation and breeding purposes.
NRF (National Research Foundation)
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Makelo, Margaret Nafula. "Development of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] hybrids for the semi-arid Kenya." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9983.
Full textAbstract:
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is cultivated by many farmers in the semi-arid areas of
Kenya as a source of food and cash. However, the yields have remained low, ranging between
500 to 800 kg haˉ¹. Apart from drought, fusarium wilt is reported to affect yield. Breeding
pigeonpea hybrids, using cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, hybridized with the local
improved germplasm, have the potential for increasing yield and improve income for smallholder
farmers. The objectives of the study were to: 1) examine the various stakeholders of the
pigeonpea value chain and their core functions and identify characteristics of the pigeonpea
varieties preferred by the market to be considered in the hybrid breeding programme, 2)
evaluate cytoplasmic male sterile lines of Indian origin for stability across several environments
in Kenya, 3) screen pigeonpea genotypes for general resistance to Fusarim udum Butler and 4)
evaluate pigeonpea hybrids for grain yield and earliness across sites and seasons in Kenya.
The stakeholder analysis established that the main players in the pigeonpea value chain were
farmers, traders/processors, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics,
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services, and Ministry of
Agriculture. White seed, large seed size and medium maturity were the preferred traits by
farmers and processors/exporters for both domestic and export markets. The unavailability of
quality seed in sufficient quantities of high yielding varieties was cited as the main factor
negatively affecting pigeonpea production. The stakeholder analysis approach, used for the first
time in a breeding programme, demonstrated that it can be an important tool that can be used to
diagnose crop production constraints, and define opportunities available for setting up a
breeding programme that is highly client-oriented.
Two CMS lines, ICPA2043 and ICPA2039 were the most stable across sites with 100% and
99% pollen sterility respectively. Screening for the presence of physiologic races of F. udum
based on morphological and cultural characteristics on PDA identified three distinct isolate
groups named ISO-A, ISO-B, and ISO-C. Studies under controlled conditions using the three
isolates identified seven pigeonpea genotypes (ICPB2043, ICP12012, ICP13092, ICPA2039xICP13092, ICPA2043xICP12012, ICPA2043xICP13092, ICPA2043xICP9135)
resistant to the three F. udum isolates. In the field evaluation, seven genotypes
(ICPA2039xICP13092, ICPA2039xAsha, ICPA2043x12012, ICPA2043xICP13092,
ICPA2043xICEAP557, ICPB2043 and Maruti) were found to be moderately resistant. The
variances due to GCA and SCA were significant, showing that both additive and non-additive
gene actions were important. The resistant hybrid, ICPA2043xICP12012 had the highest
negative SCA that was highly significant for all the isolates and in the field indicating general
resistance. The CMS (A) line ICPA2043 was found stable across environments and highly
resistant to the three F. udum isolates. Therefore, it can be evaluated further for commercial
hybrid seed production in Kenya.
Evaluation of the pigeonpea genotypes across environments indicated that the highest yielding environment was Kiboko, with average and maximum yield of 2,249 kg haˉ¹ and 4,234 kg haˉ¹ respectively. Most hybrids were in the medium duration maturity group with days to maturity
ranging from 147 to 186. Overall, the highest yielding hybrids were A2043xTZ26 and
ICPA2039xTZ24 with mean yields 2,803 kg haˉ¹ and 2,527 kg haˉ¹ respectively. Mean yields for
the best performing parents were 2,036 kg haˉ¹ for ICP12012 and 1,629 kg haˉ¹ for Asha. For
specific sites, the highest yielding hybrids in Kabete, Kiboko and Leldet were A2039xTZ24
(2,057 kg haˉ¹), A2043xTZ26 (2,803 kg haˉ¹), and A2043xUG8 (1,708 kg haˉ¹) respectively.
Mean heterosis for yield varied from -35% (A2039xA2043) to 50% (A2043xUG8). In Kenya, the
potential for production and commercialization of hybrid pigeonpea is feasible due to high hybrid vigour recorded, and the stability of the CMS lines. Hybrids also have greater uniformity in grain size a factor which is important for the market.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
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Michael, Vincent Njung'e. "Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Malawian pigeonpea using simple sequence repeats markers." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13844.
Full textAbstract:
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a drought tolerant legume of the Fabaceae family in the order Fabales and the only cultivated species in the genus Cajanus. It is mainly cultivated in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Oceania, Africa and America. In Malawi, one of the top producers of pigeonpea in Africa, it is grown by small scale farmers as a source of food and income and for soil improvement in intercropping systems. However, varietal contamination due to natural outcrossing causes significant yield losses for farmers. In this study, 48 polymorphic SSR markers were used to assess diversity in all pigeonpea varieties cultivated in Malawi with the aim of developing a genetic fingerprint to distinguish the released varieties. SSR alleles were separated by capillary electrophoresis on an ABI 3700 automated sequencer and allele sizes determined using GeneMapper 4.0 software. Allelic data was analysed with PowerMarker. A total of 212 alleles were revealed averaging 5.58 alleles per marker with a maximum number of 14 alleles produced by CCttc019 (Marker 40). Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.03 to 0.89 with an average of 0.30. DARwin software was used to generate a neighbour-joining tree that displayed three major clusters with two sub clusters in Cluster I. The released varieties were scattered across all the clusters observed, indicating that they generally represent the genetic diversity available in Malawi, although it was observed that there is substantial variation that can still be exploited through further breeding. Screening of the allelic data associated with five popular pigeonpea varieties for which a DNA fingerprint was to be developed, revealed 6 markers – CCB1 (Marker 1), CCB7 (Marker 2), Ccac035 (Marker 7), CCttc003 (Marker 15), Ccac026 (Marker 37) and CCttc019 (Marker 40)– which gave unique allelic profiles for each of the five varieties. With further tests needed for its robustness, this genetic fingerprint can be used for seed certification to ensure only genetically pure seeds are delivered to Malawi farmers.Agriculture and Animal Health
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Odeny, Damaris Achieng [Verfasser]. "Microsatellite development and application in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) / vorgelegt von Damaris Achieng Odeny." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980599296/34.
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Upadhyaya, Narayana M. "The biology and genetics of the rhizobium-induced leaf curl syndrome of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (Millsp.)]." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142223.
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Murwa, Kagiso Mamashela. "Evaluation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, C accumulation, P nutrition and grain yield/quality in ratooned pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) genotypes." 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000742.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. AgricultureThe high nutritional value of pigeon pea explains its importance in the diet of smallholder farmers in Africa. Pigeon pea grain is used in many forms. Pigeon pea is consumed mainly as dhal (split-grain) by the Asian community in South Africa, while the African population uses the dry grain. The leaves and stems of pigeonpea serve as an excellent feed for livestock or as fuel wood. Low soil N often limits plant growth and symbiotic N2-fixation offers opportunity to overcome low soil N levels for increased crop yield. However, N is also known to be the most commonly deficient nutrient in soils. Biological N2-fixation is therefore a cheaper source of N for improving crop yields. Because symbiotic systems contribute great amounts of N input into natural and agricultural ecosystems, legume N2-fixation is considered cheaper source of N for poor farmers. It is also more sustainable and environmentally friendly compared to fertilizer N. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms therefore provide an alternative to inorganic fertilisers which are expensive and not easily accessible to poor rural farmers. This study evaluated plant growth and symbiotic performance C accumulation, P nutrition and grain yield/quality in ratooned pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) genotypes obtained from international crops research institute for semi-arid tropics.
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Murthy, Panduranga G. "Studies on the effect of some Xenobiotics on bio-chemical changes in Pigeonpea (Cajan Mill.) and sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) during seed germination." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2959.
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