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Journal articles on the topic 'Pigment analyses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Thomas, Daniel B., Cushla M. McGoverin, Kevin J. McGraw, Helen F. James, and Odile Madden. "Vibrational spectroscopic analyses of unique yellow feather pigments (spheniscins) in penguins." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (2013): 20121065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.1065.

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Many animals extract, synthesize and refine chemicals for colour display, where a range of compounds and structures can produce a diverse colour palette. Feather colours, for example, span the visible spectrum and mostly result from pigments in five chemical classes (carotenoids, melanins, porphyrins, psittacofulvins and metal oxides). However, the pigment that generates the yellow colour of penguin feathers appears to represent a sixth, poorly characterized class of feather pigments. This pigment class, here termed ‘spheniscin’, is displayed by half of the living penguin genera; the larger an

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2

van de Streek, Jacco, Jürgen Brüning, Svetlana N. Ivashevskaya, et al. "Structures of six industrial benzimidazolone pigments from laboratory powder diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 65, no. 2 (2009): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108041529.

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The crystal structures of six industrially produced benzimidazolone pigments [Pigment Orange 36 (β phase), Pigment Orange 62, Pigment Yellow 151, Pigment Yellow 154 (α phase), Pigment Yellow 181 (β phase) and Pigment Yellow 194] were determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data by means of real-space methods using the programs DASH and MRIA, respectively. Subsequent Rietveld refinements were carried out with TOPAS. The crystal phases correspond to those produced industrially. Additionally, the crystal structures of the non-commercial compound `BIRZIL' (a chloro derivative of Pigmen

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3

Cuddington, K., and P. R. Leavitt. "An individual-based model of pigment flux in lakes: implications for organic biogeochemistry and paleoecology." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 10 (1999): 1964–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-108.

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Vertical fluxes of pigments are used in limnology to monitor phytoplankton abundance, herbivore grazing, ecosystem efficiency, and historical changes in production. However, significant pigment degradation can occur during algal sedimentation. We used an individual-based model of pigment flux to quantify the relative importance of production and degradation as controls of pigment sedimentation. Pigment deposition increased with production, sinking rate, and phytoplankton depth and declined as lake depth and the depth of oxygen penetration increased. Unexpectedly, pigment sedimentation rate was

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Rodríguez de Sensale, G., S. Chinchón-Payá, V. De Lima, A. Aguado, and Ignacio Segura. "Ultramarine blue pigment degradation in cementitious materials: a new approach to the phenomenon." Materiales de Construcción 74, no. 353 (2024): e332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2024.357623.

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The paper analyses the degradation process of commercial ultramarine blue pigments in cementitious materials. For this purpose, two commercial pigments (with and without a protective coating) in different solutions and cement pastes are studied incrementally. The results show that pigment degradation occurs due to an ion exchange phenomenon; during hydration high ion contents are released, calcium and potassium being the most aggressive for the pigment. Calcium distorts the unit cell; between the sodium of the pigment and the potassium in the medium a cation exchange phenomenon takes place. Bo

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Kawamura, Shoji, Nathan S. Blow, and Shozo Yokoyama. "Genetic Analyses of Visual Pigments of the Pigeon (Columba livia)." Genetics 153, no. 4 (1999): 1839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1839.

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AbstractWe isolated five classes of retinal opsin genes rh1Cl, rh2Cl, sws1Cl, sws2Cl, and lwsCl from the pigeon; these encode RH1Cl, RH2Cl, SWS1Cl, SWS2Cl, and LWSCl opsins, respectively. Upon binding to 11-cis-retinal, these opsins regenerate the corresponding photosensitive molecules, visual pigments. The absorbance spectra of visual pigments have a broad bell shape with the peak, being called λmax. Previously, the SWS1Cl opsin cDNA was isolated from the pigeon retinal RNA, expressed in cultured COS1 cells, reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal, and the λmax of the resulting SWS1Cl pigment was s

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Mun, Seong Woo, Sun Myung Lee, Jongseo Park, Young Seok Kang, and Ji Sun Kim. "A Study on Painting Characteristics by Analysis of Pigments Used in Unhangak Hall Dancheong in Hwaryeongjeon Shrine, Suwon." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 5 (2022): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.5.07.

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A microscopy investigation has been performed together with non-destructive component analysis to verify properties of pigments used in Unhangak Hall Dancheong in Hwaryeongjeon Shrine, Suwon. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis, polarization microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on the pigment specimens collected at the site. Dividing the Unhangak interior into areas and performing pigment property analyses has confirmed that the pigments Jusa, Jangdan, and Sukganju (iron oxide, red ocher) have been used for red colors. Jahwang, Gold, and Gamboge (organic pig

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Priyadharshini, S., A. Zibia Kasturi Gratia, Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan, S. Ragavarshini, Hassan Fouad, and Mohamed H. Mahmoud. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Crystalline Pigment as a Natural Colorant." Science of Advanced Materials 16, no. 3 (2024): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2024.4653.

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This research focuses on the isolation and thorough characterization of a distinctive pigment-producing bacterial strain, ACFM05, obtained from Daucus carota subsp. Sativus (Carrots). The pigment was systematically examined for morphological, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular features, utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing. The strain was identified as a novel species within the Micrococcus genus, specifically classified as Micrococcus yunnanensis. The optimization of pigment extraction parameters revealed a pH of 8 at 40 °C as the ideal conditions for maximum yield. UV studies indicated that th

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Bendsoe, N., C. Hansson, and O. Sterner. "Inflammatory reactions from organic pigments in red tattoos." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 71, no. 1 (1991): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555717073.

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Two different red pigments used for tattooing were found to give rise to inflammatory reactions in the skin. No inorganic component was found in the pigments. NMR and MS analyses elucidated the molecular structures of two different organic compounds. A bright red pigment was found to be an aromatic azo-derivative, and a red-violet pigment was found to be linear quinacridone. A strong exposure to UV-light was reported in most cases prior to the onset of the inflammation.

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Všianský, Dalibor. "Plaster Pigments in Traditional Folk Architecture - A Case Study from Moravia (Czech Republic)." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.289.

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The results of analyses of coloured plasters are given in the paper. The samples come from traditional folk earth houses from SE and Central Moravia and were chosen so as all of the most common colours of the Central European folk architecture are present among them: red, yellow, blue, green, and black. The analyses were conducted by the means of light microscopy, which is also a powerful tool for stratigraphical analyses, X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectrometry, end electron microanalysis. Hematite of industrial origin was identified as the red pigment, the yellow one was formed by yellow ea

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Yoo, Seon-Young, Buddakoralelage Janani Namal Seneviratne, and Gyu-Ho Kim. "A Characteristic Analysis on Clay Pigments of Mural Paintings in Sri Lanka." Journal of Conservation Science 38, no. 4 (2022): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2022.38.4.07.

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Sri Lanka has four types of mural painting styles; Classic, Late Classic, Kandyan, and Southern styles, but there is little research on scientific analysis for mural paintings. In this study, we analyze white, yellow, and red clay pigments which were collected from ancient producing sites. Analyzing pigment samples shows that samples are containing aluminum oxide(Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and silicon dioxide(SiO<sub>2</sub>) which are connected to the soil. And a degree of iron oxidation determines yellow or red colors. To understand the characteristics o

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Pyeon, Sujeong, Gyuyong Kim, Gyeongcheol Choe, et al. "Compressive-Strength Analysis of High-Strength Cementitious Composites Mixed with Red and Green Pigments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (2022): 7667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157667.

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We estimate the mechanical properties of pigment-containing ultra-high-strength cement composites (UHSCCs) and the pigment-induced changes in their physical properties via thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses. Hydrates in samples are analyzed using thermogravimetry. Additionally, the change in color expression with the UHSCC age is examined via the Commission Internationale de l’ Éclairage L*a*b* analysis. Correlation analysis is performed to determine linear relationships between experimental factors by calculating R2. A change in hydrate expression is confirmed as the strength increases wi

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Figon, Florent, Ilse Hurbain, Xavier Heiligenstein, et al. "Catabolism of lysosome-related organelles in color-changing spiders supports intracellular turnover of pigments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 35 (2021): e2103020118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103020118.

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Pigment organelles of vertebrates belong to the lysosome-related organelle (LRO) family, of which melanin-producing melanosomes are the prototypes. While their anabolism has been extensively unraveled through the study of melanosomes in skin melanocytes, their catabolism remains poorly known. Here, we tap into the unique ability of crab spiders to reversibly change body coloration to examine the catabolism of their pigment organelles. By combining ultrastructural and metal analyses on high-pressure frozen integuments, we first assess whether pigment organelles of crab spiders belong to the LRO

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13

D'souza, Analiza Maria, and Mangesh Uttam Gauns. "Temporal variability in copepod gut pigments over the central western continental shelf of India." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 1 (2016): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001144.

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The Indian Western continental shelf (IWCS) is amongst the most productive regions of the world, being noteworthy for upwelling (south-west monsoon) and downwelling (north-east monsoon) that tunes the water biogeochemistry. The present study provides baseline information on temporal variation of in situ copepod gut pigments from IWCS. The copepods were collected between November 2011 and October 2013 and gut pigment contents and composition were estimated using the gut fluorescence method. Results revealed that copepods procured high gut pigment content in monsoon that coincided with ambient w

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14

Frost, S. K., L. G. Epp, and S. J. Robinson. "The pigmentary system of developing axolotls." Development 95, no. 1 (1986): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.95.1.117.

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The axanthic mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) was analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the presence of melanophores and cells that are described as unpigmented xanthophores in axanthic skin. Iridophores apparently failed to differentiate in axanthic axolotls (a pattern similar to that observed in melanoid axolotls). Chromatographic analyses of skin extracts confirmed that there are no pteridines (xanthophore pigments) in axanthic skin, suggesting that the axanthic gene may affect pteridine biosynthesis at s

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15

Bracher, A., M. H. Taylor, B. Taylor, T. Dinter, R. Röttgers, and F. Steinmetz. "Using empirical orthogonal functions derived from remote-sensing reflectance for the prediction of phytoplankton pigment concentrations." Ocean Science 11, no. 1 (2015): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-139-2015.

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Abstract. The composition and abundance of algal pigments provide information on phytoplankton community characteristics such as photoacclimation, overall biomass and taxonomic composition. In particular, pigments play a major role in photoprotection and in the light-driven part of photosynthesis. Most phytoplankton pigments can be measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques applied to filtered water samples. This method, as well as other laboratory analyses, is time consuming and therefore limits the number of samples that can be processed in a given time. In order to

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16

Ovčačíková, Hana, Marek Velička, Petra Maierová, Jozef Vlček, Jonáš Tokarský, and Tomáš Čegan. "Characterization of Waste Sludge Pigment from Production of ZnCl2." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030313.

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This study is focused on the treatment of waste sludge from a zinc chloride production in order to prepare iron-rich pigments usable for a production of glazes. In galvanizing plants, yellow waste sludge containing significant amount of ZnO, Cl, and Fe2O3, is formed. This raw waste sludge cannot be used as a pigment in glaze. Therefore, three methods of treating this material were proposed: (a) washing with H2O, (b) calcination at 180 °C and washing by H2O, and (c) calcination at 900 °C and washing by H2O. These methods helped to reduce Zn and Cl content up to 97%. According to X-ray fluoresce

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17

Falcioni, Renan, Werner Camargos Antunes, José A. M. Demattê, and Marcos Rafael Nanni. "Biophysical, Biochemical, and Photochemical Analyses Using Reflectance Hyperspectroscopy and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Kinetics in Variegated Leaves." Biology 12, no. 5 (2023): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12050704.

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The adjustments that occur during photosynthesis are correlated with morphological, biochemical, and photochemical changes during leaf development. Therefore, monitoring leaves, especially when pigment accumulation occurs, is crucial for monitoring organelles, cells, tissue, and whole-plant levels. However, accurately measuring these changes can be challenging. Thus, this study tests three hypotheses, whereby reflectance hyperspectroscopy and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics analyses can improve our understanding of the photosynthetic process in Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss, a plant wit

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18

Steinman, Alan D., Karl E. Havens, J. William Louda, Nancy M. Winfree, and Earl W. Baker. "Characterization of the photoautotrophic algal and bacterial communities in a large, shallow, subtropical lake using HPLC-PDA based pigment analysis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 1 (1998): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-239.

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Pigment abundances of the oxygenic and anoxygenic photoautotrophic communities from sediments and the water column in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, were estimated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and photodiode array (PDA) UV/VIS (350-800 nm) spectrophotometric analyses. Thirty lipophilic pigments were identified and measured in the samples, with the most abundant overall (sediment and open-water samples combined) being chlorophyll a (38.1%), fucoxanthin (12.6%), pheophytin a (7.6%), zeaxanthin (6.6%), and pyropheophytin a (3.6%). Relative abundance of chloroph

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19

Vronskaya, Oksana, and Natalia Mosiahina. "Analyses of asiatic hybrids resistance at introduction in northern forest steppe of west Siberia." BIO Web of Conferences 11 (2018): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100048.

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The contents of main pigments of photosynthetic apparatus (chlorophyll a, b and carotinoid) in the leaves of Asiatic hybrids varieties during different stage of vegetation was first determined In conditions of northern forest steppe. It was established that 19 varieties of Asiatic hybrids had maximum level of accumulation of chlorophyll pigments (a and b) during the budding period, 4 – during the flowering period, 2 – during the fructification period; the most important value a/b was proper to 8 varieties in the budding period, 6 – in the fructification period and 11 in the flowering period, t

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Woon, Hai Song, Keerthan Naidu, Lay Sheng Ewe, Lee Woen Ean, and Kean Pah Lim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Red Pigment from Acid Regeneration Plant (ARP) By-product Via Rod Milling Process." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 51, no. 4 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.059.

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Iron o xide waste from acid regeneration plants (ARP) is often discarded due to its non-profitability. This research aims to introduce a value-added process to convert iron oxide waste into red pigment via rod milling process. The iron oxide waste collected from ARP was grinded with a rod milling machine at 30 rpm for 24 hours. The ground product was then mixed with industrial-grade red pigment in various ratios. The mixed samples were then rod-milled again into ultra-fine particles. A total of seven samples were prepared, applied onto a canvas and analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrosc

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Zeleke, Birhanu, Diriba Muleta, Hunduma Dinka, Dereje Tsegaye, and Jemal Hassen. "Enhancing pigment production by a chromogenic bacterium (Exiguobacterium aurantiacum) using tomato waste extract: A statistical approach." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0312922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312922.

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There is a high demand for microbial pigments as a promising alternative for synthetic pigments, primarily for safety and economic reasons. This study aimed at the optimization of yellowish-orange pigment production by Exiguobacterium aurantiacum using agro-waste extracts as a growth substrate. Air samples were collected using the depositional method. Pure cultures of pigment producing bacteria were isolated by subsequent culturing on fresh nutrient agar medium. The potent isolate was identified using MALDI-TOF technique. Screening of culture conditions was done via Plackett-Burman design that

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Lee, Minji, Nam-Il Won, and Seung Ho Baek. "Comparison of HPLC Pigment Analysis and Microscopy in Phytoplankton Assessment in the Seomjin River Estuary, Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041675.

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The distribution of microalgal species in estuaries shows marked gradients because of the mixing of marine and fresh water during tidal exchanges. To assess the spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton in the Seomjin River estuary (SRE), Korea, we investigated the seasonal phytoplankton communities along a salinity gradient in the estuary using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis and light microscopy. Both types of analysis indicated that marine planktonic diatoms generally dominated at downstream sites having salinities >10, whereas freshwater species d

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Polerecky, Lubos, Andrew Bissett, Mohammad Al-Najjar, et al. "Modular Spectral Imaging System for Discrimination of Pigments in Cells and Microbial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (2008): 758–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00819-08.

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ABSTRACT Here we describe a spectral imaging system for minimally invasive identification, localization, and relative quantification of pigments in cells and microbial communities. The modularity of the system allows pigment detection on spatial scales ranging from the single-cell level to regions whose areas are several tens of square centimeters. For pigment identification in vivo absorption and/or autofluorescence spectra are used as the analytical signals. Along with the hardware, which is easy to transport and simple to assemble and allows rapid measurement, we describe newly developed so

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Lim, He Kyoung, Eu Jin Chung, Jin-Cheol Kim, et al. "Characterization of a Forest Soil Metagenome Clone That Confers Indirubin and Indigo Production on Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (2005): 7768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.7768-7777.2005.

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ABSTRACT A microbial community analysis of forest soil from Jindong Valley, Korea, revealed that the most abundant rRNA genes were related to Acidobacteria, a major taxon with few cultured representatives. To access the microbial genetic resources of this forest soil, metagenomic libraries were constructed in fosmids, with an average DNA insert size of more than 35 kb. We constructed 80,500 clones from Yuseong and 33,200 clones from Jindong Valley forest soils. The double-agar-layer method allowed us to select two antibacterial clones by screening the constructed libraries using Bacillus subti

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Cui, Jiaqi, Guohui Bai, Yifen Fu, et al. "Production of Smoked Sausage Using Monascus Pigments-Calcium Carbonate Colorant Lake with Nisin as a Nitrite Substitute." Foods 14, no. 3 (2025): 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030477.

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This study explored the complete replacement of sodium nitrite with a combination of Monascus pigments (MPs)-calcium carbonate colorant lake (MPs-CaCO3 lake) and nisin in smoked sausage production. The effects of the replacement on color stability, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count (TAMB), and physicochemical properties of sausages were assessed. The results indicated that combining 0.26 g/kg of lake and 0.4 g/kg of nisin effectively replaced the coloring and preservative functions of nitrite. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the addition of pigment lake significantly increased the

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Fernandes, Charlotte Jessica, Bhavya Doddavarapu, Anupama Harry, Sri Priya Srikakulam Dilip, and Lokesh Ravi. "Isolation and Identification of Pigment Producing Actinomycete Saccharomonospora azurea SJCJABS01." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 4 (2021): 2261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2326.

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Given the rising demand for biological pigments, especially of microbial origin – the present study was conducted so as to report a potential source for the extraction of microbial pigment. The main objective was to isolate and identify a pigment–producing actinomycete because pigment production is prevelant in this group. A powdery, greenish–blue colony with a chalky azure aerial mass was isolated from one of the many rhizosphere soil samples. Upon preliminary investigation, viz. colony characterization and grams staining, the suspected colony was observed to have a filamentous margin with a

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Wang, Shi Fa, Xiang Yu Chen, Hua Jing Gao, et al. "A Comparative Study on the Phase Structure, Optical and NIR Reflectivity of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ Nano-Pigments by the Traditional and Modified Polyacrylamide Gel Method." Journal of Nano Research 67 (April 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.67.1.

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Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) nano- pigment is a pigment with high near infrared reflection in the wavelength range of 1400-2500 nm. The BaFe12O19 nano- pigments were synthesized by the traditional and modified polyacrylamide gel method and characterized by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analyses, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The physicochemical properties of BaFe12O19 nanopigments are strongly dependent on the synthesis route. The introduction of c

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Pradel, Paulina, Nancy Calisto, Laura Navarro, et al. "Carotenoid Cocktail Produced by An Antarctic Soil Flavobacterium with Biotechnological Potential." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (2021): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122419.

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Carotenoids are highly important in pigmentation, and its content in farmed crustaceans and fish correlates to their market value. These pigments also have a nutritional role in aquaculture where they are routinely added as a marine animal food supplement to ensure fish development and health. However, there is little information about carotenoids obtained from Antarctic bacteria and its use for pigmentation improvement and flesh quality in aquaculture. This study identified carotenoids produced by Antarctic soil bacteria. The pigmented strain (CN7) was isolated on modified Luria–Bertani (LB)

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Noble, Peter A., Raphael G. Tymowski, Madilyn Fletcher, James T. Morris, and Alan J. Lewitus. "Contrasting Patterns of Phytoplankton Community Pigment Composition in Two Salt Marsh Estuaries in Southeastern United States." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (2003): 4129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4129-4143.2003.

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ABSTRACT Phytoplankton community pigment composition and water quality were measured seasonally along salinity gradients in two minimally urbanized salt marsh estuaries in South Carolina in order to examine their spatial and temporal distributions. The North Inlet estuary has a relatively small watershed with minimal fresh water input, while the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto (ACE) Basin is characterized by a relatively greater influence of riverine drainage. Sampling stations were located in regions of the estuaries experiencing frequent diurnal tidal mixing and had similar salinity and temper

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Megía-Palma, Rodrigo, Rafael Barrientos, Manuela Gallardo, Javier Martínez, and Santiago Merino. "Brighter is darker: the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis revisited in lizards." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 2 (2021): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab081.

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Abstract Several studies of lizards have made an erroneous interpretation of negative relationships between spectral brightness and parasite load, and thus provided misleading support for the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis (HZH). The HZH predicts that infected hosts will produce poorer sexual ornamentation than uninfected individuals as a result of energetic trade-offs between immune and signalling functions. To test whether there is a negative relationship between spectral brightness and pigment content in the skin of lizards, we used spectrophotometry to quantify the changes in spectral brightness

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Frost, S. K., L. G. Epp, and S. J. Robinson. "The pigmentary system of developing axolotls." Development 92, no. 1 (1986): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.92.1.255.

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The albino mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Pigment cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope in order to determine any unusual structural characteristics and to determine what happens to each of the cell types as development proceeds. Chemical analyses of pteridine pigments were also carried out, and the pattern of pteridines in albino animals was found to be more complex than, and quantitatively enhanced (at all developmental stages examined) over, the pattern observed in comparable wild-

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Lagashetti, Ajay C., Sanjay K. Singh, Laurent Dufossé, Pratibha Srivastava, and Paras N. Singh. "Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Dyeing Potential of Crude Pigment Extract of Gonatophragmium triuniae and Its Chemical Characterization." Molecules 27, no. 2 (2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020393.

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Filamentous fungi synthesize natural products as an ecological function. In this study, an interesting indigenous fungus producing orange pigment exogenously was investigated in detail as it possesses additional attributes along with colouring properties. An interesting fungus was isolated from a dicot plant, Maytenus rothiana. After a detailed study, the fungal isolate turned out to be a species of Gonatophragmium belonging to the family Acrospermaceae. Based on the morphological, cultural, and sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, the identity of this fungus was confirmed as Gonatophragmium

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Eagen, K. A., and I. L. Goldman. "333 RAPD MARKER FREQUENCY CHANGES IN TWO RED BEET POPULATIONS UNDERGOING RECURRENT SELECTION." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 478c—478. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.478c.

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Red beet contains betalain pigments recently adopted for use as natural food colorings. In an effort to develop beet populations with higher levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced in two populations for 7 cycles. PCR-based RAPD marker frequencies were assessed on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly-chosen individual plants from cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both populations. Number of PCR products per RAPD primer varied, with some yielding up to 5 scorable products. Chi-square and regression analyses were pe

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Adrian, Melinda Margareta, Darus S. J. Paransa, James J. H. Paulus, Nickson J. Kawung, Robert A. Bara, and Rene Ch Kepel. "Analysis Of Types Of Carotenoid Pigments In Crab Sesarmops sp From Manado By Coast." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 9, no. 2 (2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.9.2.2021.35127.

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Carotenoid pigments are a group of pigments that are yellow, orange, and red-orange in color. Pigments are natural dyes found in plants and animals, extracts of carotenoid pigments can be separated by chromatographic methods where the common chromatographic methods in determining the type of pigment are Column Chromatography (CC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The purpose of this study was to determine the types of pigments contained in the carapace extract of the male crab Sesarmops sp. The Sesarmops sp crab has a brown dorsal carapace with blackish-brown leg spots known as mangrove cra

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Carrero, Jose Antonio. "Multispectroscopic and isotopic ratio analysis to characterize the inorganic binder used on Pompeian pink and purple lake pigments." Analytical Chemistry 88, no. 12 (2025): 6395–402. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14766764.

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Because of the fact that pigments are not ubiquitous in the archeological record, the application of noninvasive analytical methods is a necessity. In this work, pink and purple lake pigments recovered from the excavations of the ancient city of Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and preserved in their original bowls at the Naples National Archaeological Museum (Italy) were analyzed to characterize the composition of their inorganic binders (mordants). In situ preliminary analyses using a hand-held energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (HH-ED-XRF) allowed us to determine the use of an alumi

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Eagen, K. A., and I. L. Goldman. "Directional RAPD Marker Frequency Changes in Two Divergently Selected Beet Populations." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 841C—841. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.841c.

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In the past 20 years, betalain pigments found in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) have been adopted for use as natural red food coloring. In an effort to develop red beet populations with elevated levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced for seven cycles, resulting in the development of a high pigment–high solids (HPHS) and a high pigment–low solids (HPLS) population. Thirty-one randomly selected decamer primers were chosen to assess RAPD marker frequencies on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly chosen indi

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Marghella, Giuseppe, Stefania Bruni, Alessandro Gessi, Lorena Tireni, Alberto Ubaldini, and Flavio Cicconi. "Spectroscopic Analyses of Blue Pigments in the Manoscritto Parmense 3285 from the 14th Century." Spectroscopy Journal 2, no. 3 (2024): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/spectroscj2030011.

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During the restoration and digitalization intervention of the Manoscritto Parmense (Ms. Parm.) 3285 codex, a 14th-century illuminated volume that contains the three books of Dante Alighieri’s Divina Commedia belonging to the Biblioteca Palatina of Parma, the deposits present in the center of some bifoliums were removed using soft bristle brushes and collected. A preliminary observation of these deposits with a stereomicroscope allowed the detection of some pigment grains of different colors, likely detached from the full-page illuminations at the beginning of each book. These grains of the pig

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Zhang, Yinxue, Guifen Wang, Shubha Sathyendranath, Wenlong Xu, Yizhe Xiao, and Long Jiang. "Retrieval of Phytoplankton Pigment Composition from Their In Vivo Absorption Spectra." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245112.

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Algal pigment composition is an indicator of phytoplankton community structure that can be estimated from optical observations. Assessing the potential capability to retrieve different types of pigments from phytoplankton absorption is critical for further applications. This study investigated the performance of three models and the utility of hyperspectral in vivo phytoplankton absorption spectra for retrieving pigment composition using a large database (n = 1392). Models based on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a model), Gaussian decomposition (Gaussian model), and partial least squares (PLS) regression

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Zhao, Tong, Qianxia Yu, Canjia Lin, et al. "Analyzing Morphology, Metabolomics, and Transcriptomics Offers Invaluable Insights into the Mechanisms of Pigment Accumulation in the Diverse-Colored Labellum Tissues of Alpinia." Plants 12, no. 21 (2023): 3766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213766.

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Alpinia plants are widely cherished for their vibrant and captivating flowers. The unique feature of this genus lies in their labellum, a specialized floral structure resulting from the fusion of two non-fertile staminodes. However, the intricate process of pigment formation, leading to distinct color patterns in the various labellum segments of Alpinia, remains a subject of limited understanding. In this study, labellum tissues of two Alpinia species, A. zerumbet (yellow–orange flowers) and A. oxyphylla (white–purple flowers), were sampled and analyzed through morphological structure observat

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Zander, Paul D., Stefanie B. Wirth, Adrian Gilli, Sandro Peduzzi, and Martin Grosjean. "Hyperspectral imaging sediment core scanning tracks high-resolution Holocene variations in (an)oxygenic phototrophic communities at Lake Cadagno, Swiss Alps." Biogeosciences 20, no. 12 (2023): 2221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2221-2023.

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Abstract. Pigments produced by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are valuable proxies of past anoxia in lacustrine and marine environments. Pigment measurement typically requires time-consuming and costly chemical extractions and chromatographic analyses, which limits the temporal resolution of paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on sedimentary pigments. Here, we evaluate the potential of in situ hyperspectral imaging (HSI) core scanning as a rapid, non-destructive method to document high-resolution changes in oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophic communities at meromictic Lake Cadagno, Swi

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Wheeler, L. C., and S. D. Smith. "Computational Modeling of Anthocyanin Pathway Evolution: Biases, Hotspots, and Trade-offs." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (2019): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz049.

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Abstract The alteration of metabolic pathways is a common mechanism underlying the evolution of new phenotypes. Flower color is a striking example of the importance of metabolic evolution in a complex phenotype, wherein shifts in the activity of the underlying pathway lead to a wide range of pigments. Although experimental work has identified common classes of mutations responsible for transitions among colors, we lack a unifying model that relates pathway function and activity to the evolution of distinct pigment phenotypes. One challenge in creating such a model is the branching structure of

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Brostoff, Lynn B., Catherine I. Maynor та Robert J. Speakman. "Preliminary study of a Georgia O'Keeffe pastel drawing using XRF and μXRD". Powder Diffraction 24, № 2 (2009): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3133137.

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X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and micro-X-ray diffraction (μXRD) were used to analyze the composition of pigments on a pastel drawing, Special No. 32, by Georgia O’Keeffe. XRF analyses showed that, among other pigments present in the drawing, the red, orange, and yellow pigments may possibly be identified with lead- and chromium-based pigments: lead chromates, red and yellow lead oxides, and/or lead carbonates, plus calcium-based pastel fillers, such as whiting or gypsum. XRD examination of a sample removed from a dark mottled area of coral red pastel confirmed that this pigment layer,

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Burgio, Lucia, Robin J. H. Clark, Theodosia Stratoudaki, Michael Doulgeridis, and Demetrios Anglos. "Pigment Identification in Painted Artworks: A Dual Analytical Approach Employing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Raman Microscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 4 (2000): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949861.

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The combined application of two laser-based analytical techniques—laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman microscopy—for pigment identification on painted artworks is demonstrated. Detailed spectral data are presented from analyses performed on a 19th century Byzantine icon, which was examined in order to identify the pigments used in the original painted structure, as well as in interventions carried out subsequently for restorative purposes. LIBS measurements yielded elemental analytical data which suggest the presence of certain pigments and, in addition, provide information o

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Hess, W. M. "Characterization of Dispersions." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 64, no. 3 (1991): 386–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538562.

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Abstract The methods of pigment dispersion analysis have been reviewed in regard to their application to rubber, plastics, and other vehicle systems. The characteristics of dispersions have been divided into three categories: (1) agglomeration (2) microdispersion (networking) and (3) polymer-phase distribution. Stylus roughness measurements on cut surfaces offer the combination of simplicity and speed of operation with high accuracy and precision for measuring pigment agglomeration in elastomer systems of known composition. This method may also be applied to the surface of thin plastic extruda

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Inberg, Alexandra, Dana Ashkenazi, Yishai Feldman, Omri Dvir, and Deborah Cvikel. "A Tale of Two Tiles: Characterization of Floor Tiles from the Nineteenth-Century Akko Tower Shipwreck (Israel)." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111091.

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Fragments of decorated floor tiles were retrieved from the Akko Tower shipwreck, Israel. Most tiles were made of bright brown fired clay with a white glaze decorated with colored stenciled motifs (Type A); and others consisted of a red-brown fired clay body, coated with a brown pigment covered with transparent brown glaze (Type B). This study aimed to characterize the two tile types; to reveal information concerning the manufacturing process; and to determine the origin of their raw material. A multidisciplinary approach was used, including light microscopy, SEM-EDS, electron probe microanalys

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Tawiah, Benjamin, Liping Zhang, Anli Tian та Shai Shao Fu. "Coloration of aluminum pigment using SiO2 and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane with dichlorotriazine reactive dye". Pigment & Resin Technology 45, № 5 (2016): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2015-0063.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to colour aluminium pigment to the highest chroma using SiO2 and organic silane with dichlorotriazine reactive dye and investigate its reaction mechanism, chemical stability and thermal properties to improve its applicability in surface coatings. Design/methodology/approach Aluminium pigment was encapsulated by the catalysed sol-gel method using SiO2, followed by modification with γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Purified reactive dye (1-Amino-4-[3-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-ylamino)-4-sulfophenylamino]anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (X-BR)) was covalen

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Pronti, Lucilla, Anna Candida Felici, Matthieu Ménager, Cathy Vieillescazes, and Mario Piacentini. "Spectral Behavior of White Pigment Mixtures Using Reflectance, Ultraviolet—Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Multispectral Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 12 (2017): 2616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817717969.

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Reflectance spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)—fluorescence spectroscopy, and multispectral imaging have been widely employed for pigment identification on paintings. From ancient times to the present, lead white, zinc white, and titanium white have been the most important white pigments used for paintings and they are used as pigment markers for dating a work of art. The spectral behavior of these pigments is reported in several scientific papers and websites, but those of their mixtures are quite unknown. We present a combined nondestructive approach for identifying mixtures of lead white, zinc

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Nascimento, Tatiele Casagrande do, Patrícia Acosta Caetano, Marcylene Vieira da Silveira, et al. "The Cecal Distribution of Microalgal Pigments in Rats: Do Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Play a Pharmacobiotic Role?" Foods 14, no. 13 (2025): 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14132172.

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This study investigated the cecal distribution of lipophilic pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) from Scenedesmus obliquus and their effects on the activity of the intestinal microbiota in rats. Oleoresins containing different concentrations of microalgal pigments (from 0 to 600 µg·kg−1bw·d−1), previously characterized by chromatographic and spectrometric analyses, were administered for four weeks. At the end of the intervention, cecal content samples were collected and analyzed for their pigment composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and probiotic microbiota. Nine pigments were ide

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Ohbayashi, Norihiko, and Mitsunori Fukuda. "Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of melanogenesis in melanocytes." F1000Research 9 (June 15, 2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24625.1.

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Melanin pigments are responsible for human skin and hair color, and they protect the body from harmful ultraviolet light. The black and brown melanin pigments are synthesized in specialized lysosome-related organelles called melanosomes in melanocytes. Mature melanosomes are transported within melanocytes and transferred to adjacent keratinocytes, which constitute the principal part of human skin. The melanosomes are then deposited inside the keratinocytes and darken the skin (a process called tanning). Owing to their dark color, melanosomes can be seen easily with an ordinary light microscope

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Falcioni, Renan, Werner Camargos Antunes, José Alexandre M. Demattê, and Marcos Rafael Nanni. "Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Classification and Prediction of Pigments in Agronomic Crops." Plants 12, no. 12 (2023): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12122347.

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Reflectance spectroscopy, in combination with machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, is an effective method for classifying and predicting pigments and phenotyping in agronomic crops. This study aims to use hyperspectral data to develop a robust and precise method for the simultaneous evaluation of pigments, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, in six agronomic crops: corn, sugarcane, coffee, canola, wheat, and tobacco. Our results demonstrate high classification accuracy and precision, with principal component analyses (PCAs)-linked clustering and

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