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Journal articles on the topic 'Pigment industry'
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1
Palomino Agurto, Mardonio E., Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez, R. C. Van Court, Hsiou-Lien Chen, and Seri C. Robinson. "Oil-Based Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum as a Textile Dye." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020053.
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Identification of effective natural dyes with the potential for low environmental impact has been a recent focus of the textile industry. Pigments derived from spalting fungi have previously shown promise as textile dyes; however, their use has required numerous organic solvents with human health implications. This research explored the possibility of using linseed oil as a carrier for the pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum as a textile dye. Colored linseed oil effectively dyed a range of fabrics, with natural fibers showing better coloration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a pigment film over the fabric surface. While mechanical testing showed no strength loss in treated fabric, colorfastness tests showed significant changes in color in response to laundering and bleach exposure with variable effects across fabric varieties. SEM investigation confirmed differences in pigmented oil layer loss and showed variation in pigment crystal formation between fabric varieties. Heating of the pigmented oil layer was found to result in a bright, shiny fabric surface, which may have potential for naturally weatherproof garments.
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Valencia, Ricardo, Ivone Giffard-Mena, Ricardo Cruz-López, Ernesto García-Mendoza, and José Luis Stephano-Hornedo. "Growth Profiles, Nutrient composition and Pigments Analysis of Dunaliella salina strain San Quintin." CICIMAR Oceánides 33, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v33i2.212.
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Some microalgae are recognized for producing pigments and other metabolites with biotechnological importance, particularly, <i>Dunaliella salina</i> is a remarkable one. These kind of compounds are used as food and have a great industrial potential. The pigment industry comprises a millionaire market value, being β-carotene one of the most profitable one. In this study we describe the morphology, molecular identification, growth dynamics, proximal composition, nutrients and pigment content of a recently isolated <i>Dunaliella salina</i> strain (SQ) under different salinity/light conditions, in order to highlight its remarkable properties for biotech/biomed industry. <i>D. salina</i> SQ reached the highest densities (1.07-1.25 cell mL-1 x106) at low salinities (100-500 mM NaCl) under continuous light regimen (24:0 h Light:Dark). Neoxanthin (Neo) and violaxanthin (Viol) were the most abundant pigments when exposed to 500 mM NaCl (18:6 h Light:Dark). Furthermore, this peculiar strain produces other compounds with high industrial value.Perfiles de crecimiento, composición de nutrientes y análisis de pigmentos de <i>Dunaliella salina</i> cepa San Quintín Algunas microalgas son reconocidas por producir pigmentos y otros metabolitos con importancia biotecnológica, en particular, <i>Dunaliella salina</i> es una de las más notables. Este tipo de compuestos se usan como alimento y tienen potencial industrial. La industria del pigmento tiene un valor de mercado millonario, siendo el β-caroteno uno de los más rentables. En este estudio se describe la morfología, la dinámica de crecimiento, composición proximal, composición de nutrientes y contenido de pigmentos de una cepa de <i>Dunaliella salina</i> (SQ) recientemente aislada. La identificación de la especie se corroboró mediante técnicas moleculares. Se cultivó a <i>D. salina</i> bajo diferentes condiciones de salinidad y luz, con el objetivo de resaltar sus propiedades para la industria biotecnológica y biomédica. <i>D. salina</i> SQ alcanzó las densidades más altas (1.07-1.25 células mL-1 x106) a salinidades bajas (NaCl 100 y 500 mM) en un régimen de luz continua. La neoxantina (Neo) y la violaxantina (Viol) fueron los pigmentos más abundantes en 500 mM NaCl y un ciclo de luz: oscuridad 18: 6 h. Además, esta peculiar cepa produce otros compuestos con alto valor industrial.
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Puspita, Dhanang, and Jacob Lukas Alexander Uktolseja. "POTENSI PIGMEN ALAMI DARI BAKTERI SIMBION KARANG Mantipora sp SEBAGAI PEWARNA MAKANAN." Pro Food 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/profood.v6i1.121.
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ABSTRACT
Color is very important in the food industry. The need for food coloring requires manufacturers to use synthetic dyes that have the potential to cause poisoning and cancer. One source of natural dyes comes from bacteria that are symbiotic with coral reefs. The purpose of this study is to isolate and characterize the bacterial pigment that has symbiosis with Montipora sp. The research method consisted of bacterial isolation and identification, pigment identification with UV-Vis spectrofotometer (200 – 800 nm) and TLC. The results of isilation and identification showed that Rhodococcus sp is dominant bacterial which is produces of carotenoiids for self defense from UV rays. The pigment found in Rhodococcus sp has the potential as a natural pigment for food coloring.
Keywords: carotenoids, Montipora, pigment, Rhodococcus sp.
ABSTRAK
Warna sangat penting dalam industri pangan. Kebutuhan pewarna makanan menuntut produsen memakai bahan pewarna sintetik yang berpotensi menyebabkan keracunan dan kanker. Salah satu sumber pewarna alami berasal dari bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi pigmen bakteri yang bersimbion Montipora sp. Metode penelitian terdiri dari isolasi dan identifkasi bakteri, identifikasi pigmen dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis (200 – 800 nm) dan KLT. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri berjenis Rhodococcus sp dan piigmen yang dihasilkan adalah karotenoid yang digunakan sebagai pertahanan diri dari sinar UV. Pigmen yang terdapat pada Rhodococcus sp berpotensi sebagai pigmen alami untuk pewarna pangan.
Kata kunci: karotenoid, Montipora, pigmen, Rhodococcus sp.
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Ati, Neltji Herlina, Puji Rahayu, Soenarto Notosoedarmo, and Leenawaty Limantara. "THE COMPOSITION AND THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS FROM SOME DYEING PLANT FOR IKAT WEAVING IN TIMORRESE REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21741.
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Ikat weaving is one of traditional-home industry using plant pigments as a dye which have not been known for their pigments composition. So, the research was carried out to know the composition and the content of pigments in young leaf teak, noni root, turmeric tuber, casuarine bark and betel-nut root. The result showed that pigment composition in young leaf teak consisted of β-carotene, pheophytine, phelargonydine 3-glucosyde, phelargonydine 3,7-diglucosyde, chlorophyllide and two other pigments that have not been identified. Most of the pigments composition in betel-nut root have not been identified, but one of them was condensed tanin. Noni root had pigment composition which consisted of hydrolised tanin, flavonoid and morindon. Pigment composition in turmeric tuber were curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Whereas casuarine bark had pigment composition which consisted of delphynidine, cyanydine and phelargonydine. The highest pigment concentration in young leaf teak, betel-nut root, noni root, tumeric tuber and casuarine bark was pheophytine, tanin condensation, morindon, curcumin and cyanidine, respectively. Keywords: ikat weaving, chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin
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KURAMOTO, Mutsuo. "Pigment Dispersion for Paint Industry." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 78, no. 4 (2005): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.78.191.
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Alam, Tanveer. "Extraction of Natural Colors from Marine Algae." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp81-91.
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Abstract:The pigment content in microalgae is a specific feature of each species. Colors from natural sources are gaining more importance mainly due to health and environmental issues. Algae contain a wide range of pigments. Three major classes of pigments are chlorophylls, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and phycobilins (Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin belong to the major class of phycobilins photosynthetic pigment while fucoxanthin and peridinin belong to carotenoid group of photosynthetic pigment. Macro- and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) have been recognized to provide a wide diversity of metabolites including pigments for energy capture and photo-protection. One of the main objectives is to identify and select potential micro- and macroalgae species that can be used a raw material for the color industry.
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Alam, Tanveer. "Extraction of Natural Colors from Marine Algae." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp81-91.
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Abstract:The pigment content in microalgae is a specific feature of each species. Colors from natural sources are gaining more importance mainly due to health and environmental issues. Algae contain a wide range of pigments. Three major classes of pigments are chlorophylls, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and phycobilins (Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin belong to the major class of phycobilins photosynthetic pigment while fucoxanthin and peridinin belong to carotenoid group of photosynthetic pigment. Macro- and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) have been recognized to provide a wide diversity of metabolites including pigments for energy capture and photo-protection. One of the main objectives is to identify and select potential micro- and macroalgae species that can be used a raw material for the color industry.
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Agbo, Christiana, Collins Acheampong, Liping Zhang, Min Li, and Shai Shao Fu. "Preparing stable pigment dispersion utilizing polyoxyethylene lauryl ether as dispersant." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2017-0081.
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Purpose This study aims to evaluate the use of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (PLE) as a dispersant in the preparation of novel pigment dispersion with enhanced dispersion ability, which can find application in the printing industry. Design/methodology/approach To obtain a good dispersion, PLE was used as a dispersant in pigments dispersion. The colloidal and rheological properties of the PLE-based dispersion, such as particle distribution, zeta potentials and apparent viscosity were evaluated. Findings The particle sizes of the pigment dispersions were within the range of 150 to 200 nm. The measurement of zeta potentials varied between −24 to −32 mV, revealing a strong surface charge interaction between pigments and PLE. Subsequently, its stability to high-speed centrifuge and freeze-thaw treatment was carefully investigated. To demonstrate the coverage of pigment particles by PLE, thermogravimetric analysis was carried out. Moreover, X-ray diffraction was used to disclose the combined impacts of PLE and ultrasonic power on the crystal structures of the pigments. Finally, the coloring performance and leveling properties of pigment dispersions on cotton substrates were evaluated by measuring their K/S values (color strength), rub and color fastness properties, which possessed good results. Research limitations/implications The dispersant used is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. More so, modification to improve its dispersion properties can be studied. Practical implications The use of PLE as a dispersant could be readily used in pigment dispersion processes and other suitable applications. PLE could also be used as a co-surfactant in synergy with other surfactants or dispersants in the dispersion process. Originality/value The use of PLE in pigment dispersion as well as investigating its coloring properties on cotton fabric is novel and can find various applications in the dying, printing and coating industry.
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El-Sabbagh, Salwa H., and Nivin M. Ahmed. "Enhancement of styrene-butadiene rubber composites using kaolin covered with metal oxide pigments." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2014-0028.
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Purpose – This paper aims to express in detail the rheological, morphological and thermal properties of unpigmented and pigmented styrene-butadiene rubber composites with new prepared inorganic pigment based on kaolin covered with a thin layer of calcium and magnesium oxides or mixed oxide of both together. These new pigments combine the properties of both their constituents (kaolin and metal oxides), which are a new trend in inorganic pigments called core-shell pigments. The pigments used for comparison are kaolin (K), CaO/kaolin (CaO/K), MgO/kaolin (MgO/K) and CaO.MgO/kaolin (CaO.MgO/K). Design/methodology/approach – The different pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy, while rubber vulcanizates' rheological, morphological, swelling and thermal properties were examined using different standard and instrumental testing and methods. Findings – The study revealed that there is a significant effect of the new prepared pigments on SBR properties, where the optimum pigment loading was 40 phr for CaO/kaolin, while it was 2.5 phr for MgO/kaolin. Studying the effect of different ratios of oxides on kaolin (5, 10 and 20 per cent), different loadings of these pigments ranging between 2.5 and 40 phr were done for each pigment. These modified kaolin or core-shell metal oxide/kaolin pigments imparted new and improved reinforcing properties to SBR vulcanizates. Research limitations/implications – No research limitations were found. Practical implications – Core-shell MgO/kaolin pigments are eco-friendly and can replace other expensive pigments that are usually used as fillers in the rubber industry with less expenses and comparable efficiency. Originality/value – These new pigments are cheap and efficient and can be used in different fields other than rubber.
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Sinhababu, Mohua, Anurag Roy, Narendra Kumar, Monojit Dutta, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Smagul Karazhanov, and Gopalkrishnan Udayabhanu. "Surface Treatment of Industrial-Grade Magnetite Particles for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Mitigating Paint Contaminants." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092299.
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Pigments can retain their color for many centuries and can withstand the effects of light and weather. The paint industry suffers from issues like aggressive moisture, corrosion, and further environmental contamination of the pigment materials. Low-cost, long-lasting, and large-scale pigments are highly desirable to protect against the challenges of contamination that exist in the paint industry. This exploratory study reinforces the color and thermal stability of industrial-grade (IG) magnetite (Fe3O4). IG Fe3O4 pigments were further considered for surface treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). This metaphosphate hexamer sequestrant provides good dispersion ability and a high surface energy giving thermal and dust protection to the pigment. Various physicochemical characterizations were employed to understand the effectiveness of this treatment across various temperatures (180–300 °C). The X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques signify that the SHMP-treated Fe3O4 acquired magnetite phase stability up to 300 °C. In addition, the delta-E color difference method was also adopted to measure the effective pigment properties, where the delta-E value significantly decreased from 8.77 to 0.84 once treated with SHMP at 300 °C. The distinct color retention at 300 °C and the improved dispersion properties of surface-treated Fe3O4 positions this pigment as a robust candidate for high-temperature paint and coating applications. This study further encompasses an effort to design low-cost, large-scale, and thermally stable pigments that can protect against UV-rays, dust, corrosion, and other color contaminants that are endured by building paints.
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Abdullah, Asadatun, N. Nurjanah, and Muhammad Reyhan. "Identification and Profiling of Active Compounds from Golden Apple Snail’s Egg Pigments." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 20, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.17909.
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Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) has been known as rice corps pest due to high adaptability and reproductive power. Utilization of Pomacea canaliculata’s eggs as raw materials in the food and health industry is one of the efforts to eradicate the pest snail. This study was aimed to identify the active compounds contained in the extract pigments of Pomacea canaliculata’s eggs. The methods of this study were extraction of pigments using acetone and methanol, analyzing the active compound (secondary metabolite) qualitatively, TLC to determine pigment components and LC-MS/MS to identify active compounds semi quantitatively. The results showed that active compounds in the methanol extract contain 11 carotenoid pigments of xanthophyl group, two carotenoid pigments of carotene group, and 2 active compounds in nonpigmented form, whereas the acetone extract contain 11 pigment<br />carotenoids of xanthophyl group and 2 compounds active in non-pigment form.<br /><br /><br /><br />
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Sia, Chee Kiong, S. Hakimi Mohd, Ong Pauline, and Kuang Jie Fie. "Iron Oxide Rust as Raw Material for the Production of Red Pigment in Paint Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.229.
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In this study, the potential of rust as a pigment in paint technology via sintering process was investigated. Iron (III) nitrate was the raw material used to make rust or iron oxide. The characteristics of iron oxide were analyzed. Moreover, iron oxide was mixed with other chemical components to make paint. The properties of paint in both liquid state and solid state were determined by portable field viscometer, pH indicator, glossmeter, pencil hardness test, and tape adhesive test. The optimum ratio of paint components for this study where used iron oxide as pigment. The other properties of pigments and paints will be conducted in the analysis study.
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Bujdoš, David, and Lucia Bulíková. "Effect of Ratio of Liquid Pigment on Colouring Cement Matrix." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.3.
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Nowadays, the colouring is used in wide range of architectural concrete. Therefore, determination efficiency of pigments in case of particular combination of input materials is necessary. The research deals with influence of concentration of liquid inorganic pigments on the resulting colour of cement mortars. Two liquid pigments (yellow, red) were used for measurement purposes to verify their optimal ratio to achieve the best colouring of cement specimens. Pigments were mixed in the mortars of two types of cements used for architectural and decorative design. The colour change was determined using Konica Minolta spectrophotometer in colour space CIE Lab (1976). General definition of deviation in the colour space ΔELab was applied for calculating of colour deviation. From the results of the laboratory tests is obvious that significant change of the colour of cement specimens do not show between the concentration of 6% and 9% of the pigment per cement weight yet. Consequently, using of high ratio of pigment than 9% is not profitable neither for purchaser, nor builder. Future research will focus on trials with a more elaborate share of pigment and it will have importance for price optimization in the construction industry.
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Pagels, Fernando, Ricardo N. Pereira, António A. Vicente, and A. Catarina Guedes. "Extraction of Pigments from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria—A Review on Current Methodologies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115187.
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Pigments from microalgae and cyanobacteria have attracted great interest for industrial applications due to their bioactive potential and their natural product attributes. These pigments are usually sold as extracts, to overcome purification costs. The extraction of these compounds is based on cell disruption methodologies and chemical solubility of compounds. Different cell disruption methodologies have been used for pigment extraction, such as sonication, homogenization, high-pressure, CO2 supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic extraction, and some other promising extraction methodologies such as ohmic heating and electric pulse technologies. The biggest constrain on pigment bioprocessing comes from the installation and operation costs; thus, fundamental and applied research are still needed to overcome such constrains and give the microalgae and cyanobacteria industry an opportunity in the world market. In this review, the main extraction methodologies will be discussed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages for each kind of pigment, type of organism, cost, and final market.
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Vega Gutierrez, Sarath M., Yujuan He, Yu Cao, Derek Stone, Zielle Walsh, Rajiv Malhotra, Hsiou-Lien Chen, Chih-Hung Chang, and Seri C. Robinson. "Feasibility and Surface Evaluation of the Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum for Inkjet Printing on Textiles." Coatings 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040266.
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Textile inkjet printing is an increasingly popular process in the textile industry, as it allows for the incorporation of complex and detailed patterns onto fabrics, as well as the production of small and medium volumes of printed text. Unfortunately, most of the dyes used by the textile industry come from synthetic and/or non-renewable sources. There has been some research to date in using fungal pigments from wood rotting fungi (‘spalting’ fungi) as textile dyes, however these have never been tested in inkjet printing. Of particular interest is the red crystallizing pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum, which has previously shown exceptional stability on textiles. To test this pigment in an inkjet setting, cotton and polyester fabrics were printed with three different ink formulations involving the red pigment: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ethanol, and acetone. The CTAB and ethanol-based ink formulations formed a ‘mesh-like’ structure on the surface of the cotton and polyester fibers, and turned the fabric purple. Acetone formulas formed crystal structures on the surface and turned the fabric red. These results show promise for turning the red pigment of S. cuboideum into an environmentally friendly, inkjet colorant, however further research is required to evaluate the crocking and explain the crystallization differences between inks.
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Folgueras, Marilena Valadares, G. B. Albuquerque, and S. R. Prim. "Synthesis of Ceramic Pigment Based on Crystal Structure of Wollastonite." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.170.
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In the ceramic industry, color is of great importance to product development. Parameters such as hue, brightness and color intensity influence the visual appearance of the ceramic surface and its market value. Research on the development of new pigments is ongoing, with focus on cost reduction, environmental suitability and color innovation. Different studies have shown the feasibility of using industrial by-products to obtain pigments. Many of these waste products have calcium carbonate and nickel oxides in their composition. This study investigates the synthesis of ceramic pigment with the structure of wollastonite - CaSiO3, with the use of nickel as chromophore ion. In order to evaluate the effect of adding nickel to the formation of crystalline phases X-ray diffraction was used. Particle size analysis was performed by Laser diffraction technique and a colorimetric study was conducted through the analysis of the pigment applied to a commercial enamel, by determining colorimetric parameters L*, a* and b*. The results showed that wollastonite combined with nickel acts as pigment and that its presence may interfere with the performance of new pigments depending on the nickel content and synthesis temperature.
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Silva, Samara C., Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, Madalena M. Dias, and M. Filomena Barreiro. "Microalgae-Derived Pigments: A 10-Year Bibliometric Review and Industry and Market Trend Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153406.
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Microalgae productive chains are gaining importance as sustainable alternatives to obtain natural pigments. This work presents a review on the most promising pigments and microalgal sources by gathering trends from a 10-year bibliometric survey, a patents search, and an industrial and market analysis built from available market reports, projects and companies’ webpages. The performed analysis pointed out chlorophylls, phycocyanin, astaxanthin, and β-carotene as the most relevant pigments, and Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Dunaliella salina, respectively, as the most studied sources. Haematococcus is referred in the highest number of patents, corroborating a high technological interest in this microalga. The biorefinery concept, investment in projects and companies related to microalgae cultivation and/or pigment extraction is increasingly growing, particularly, for phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis. These pieces of evidence are a step forward to consolidate the microalgal pigments market, which is expected to grow in the coming years, increasing the prospects of replacing synthetic pigments by natural counterparts.
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Walck, Aaron J., and Kristi R. Harkins. "Modification of AlphaLISA Excitation Wavelength Leads to Improved Assay Sensitivity for Photosynthetic Tissue Samples." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 24, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318821338.
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For the purposes of high-throughput immunoassay screening, PerkinElmer’s AlphaLISA technology offers many benefits over traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). However, its 680 nm excitation wavelength coincides with a wavelength of peak photosynthetic pigment absorbance, hindering the technology’s utility within the plant biotechnology industry. In assays containing photosynthetic matrices, it is proposed that excitation of chlorophyll leads to the production of singlet oxygen, which initiates a pigment-associated background signal, reducing assay sensitivity. A customized donor bead, modified for excitation outside the range of photosystem absorbance, was tested for its capacity to improve assay sensitivity with extracts containing photosynthetic pigments. In three assays designed against crystalline domain insecticidal protein targets, use of the customized donor bead along with its altered excitation wavelength led to the elimination of pigment-associated signal and improved separation between target-positive and null samples. Reduction in null photosynthetic extract signal led to a 16× sensitivity improvement in a quantitative assay. The customized donor bead was also found to be photostable under ambient laboratory lighting, potentially improving the overall utility of AlphaLISA technology. The customized donor bead enables sensitive, high-throughput immunoassay screening of photosynthetic tissues within the plant biotechnology industry using a convenient, photostable protocol.
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Saskiaoktavian, Bimo. "Stability of Phycocyanin Extracted from Spirulina maxima in different pH from Indoor and Semioutdoor Cultivation." Journal of Microbial Systematics and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37604/jmsb.v2i1.33.
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Spirulina maxima is a blue-green microalga that rich of pigment. The pigments in S. maxima grouped into primary pigment (Chlorophyll a) and accessory pigments (carotenoid & phycobiliprotein). Phycocyanin is an accessory pigment belongs to phycobiliprotein, blue colored, and can be used as natural food coloring and drugs. Phycocyanin has activities as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic and many more. Because of that, phycocyanin usually used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, phycocyanin is a protein that unstable under lights, high temperature, and pH in the storage. The aim of this research is to obtain information about the effect of pH on the stability of phycocyanin extracted from S. maxima that cultivated in indoor and semi-outdoor. The steps are cultivation, extraction using different solutions to get blue pigment phycocyanin, and stability test. Phycocyanin was dissolved in buffer solution at pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 for 7 days. Color observations and concentration measurements are carried out every day to see changes in phycocyanin. Growth in indoor cultivation with 24 hours light is faster than semi-outdoor a that uses only sunlight. Cultivation gets the optical density value 0,6 at day 20 with indoor cultivation and day 34 with semi-outdoor cultivation. Results show that phycocyanin can be extracted using buffer phosphate solution. The stability of the pigments can be seen from the color changes and relative concentration using a spectrophotometer. Phycocyanin shows stable in the storage of pH 4 until pH 5.5. The highest relative concentration (CR) was shown in pH 5.
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Bosma, Theresa, John Dole, and Niels Maness. "621 Optimizing Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Petal and Pigment Yield." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 504C—504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.504c.
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Marigold flower pigments can be extracted and used as a natural source of food colorants in the poultry and dairy industry. These pigments impart an orange color to egg yolks and a yellowish color to dairy products. We examined four African marigold cultivars for their ability to be commercially grown and harvested mechanically. `E-1236' yielded the highest quantity of lutein (22 kg/ha), a carotenoid pigment, using a spectrophotometer for quantification. `E-1236' and `A-975' were the earliest flowering cultivars, 11 June 1998 for transplants and 9 July 1998 for direct-seeded, at 8 weeks after sowing regardless of field establishment method. `E-1236' produced the greatest number of flowers in a production season, both as transplants (68 flowers/plant) and direct-seeded (57 flowers/plant) at 363,290 plants/ha. Transplants resulted in two more harvests in a single season than direct-seeded plants. Subsequently, more flowers and petal material were produced for pigment extraction than with direct-seeded plants. A one-time application of ammonium nitrate (28.02 kg/ha) at mid-season did not significantly effect flower number, flower weight, or pigment yield. Experiment was repeated in 1999 with four cultivars, two field establishment methods, seven harvest dates, and five nitrogen applications.
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Chen, Zhi Ling, Jian Ping Chao, Bing Kun Wang, Hui Lin Cao, Song Wang, and Chi Lin. "Study on Extraction Technology of the Pigment from Spinach." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3931.
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spinach contains a variety of plant pigments, high lutein content, which makes the research of spinach pigment extracting research special significance. Supercritical CO2fluid extraction food industry is a new extraction and isolation technique; microwave assisted extraction technology has the potential to become future food industrialization production of the leading. The UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis, parallel experimental method to determine the optimum process conditions of extracting pigment from spinach. For supercritical CO2extraction: ethanol (as extractant) is 250ml, extraction pressure 30MPa, extraction temperature 50°C, extraction time 1.5h. The microwave assisted extraction of ethanol as extractant, liquid ratio is 1:20, extraction time1.5h, extraction temperature of 40 °C. The comparison of two methods: microwave extraction is energy saving and high efficiency, and supercritical fluid extraction has safety and environmental protection, therefore, the two methods are worth to advocate and promote.
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Istone, William K., John M. Collier, and Jay A. Kaplan. "X-ray Fluorescence as a Problem-Solving Tool in the Paper Industry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800014610.
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AbstractWavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) is used for many types of routine analysis in the paper industry. Examples of routine elemental analysis include analysis of pigments in papers and coatings, analysis of fuels, and analysis of paper-mill waste. In the central analytical laboratory, however, WDXRF is frequently called upon in unique problem-solving situations. In some cases, these problem-solving applications later develop into routine methods.In this paper, three examples of WDXRF being used as a problem-solving technique are discussed. These situations are: the determination of the cause of ring formation in lime-kilns, failure analysis of ceramic limekiln linings, and the determination of pigment distributions in alkaline papers.
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Nawaz, Ali, Rida Chaudhary, Zinnia Shah, Laurent Dufossé, Mireille Fouillaud, Hamid Mukhtar, and Ikram ul Haq. "An Overview on Industrial and Medical Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010011.
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Marine bacterial species contribute to a significant part of the oceanic population, which substantially produces biologically effectual moieties having various medical and industrial applications. The use of marine-derived bacterial pigments displays a snowballing effect in recent times, being natural, environmentally safe, and health beneficial compounds. Although isolating marine bacteria is a strenuous task, these are still a compelling subject for researchers, due to their promising avenues for numerous applications. Marine-derived bacterial pigments serve as valuable products in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries due to their beneficial attributes, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Biodegradability and higher environmental compatibility further strengthen the use of marine bio-pigments over artificially acquired colored molecules. Besides that, hazardous effects associated with the consumption of synthetic colors further substantiated the use of marine dyes as color additives in industries as well. This review sheds light on marine bacterial sources of pigmented compounds along with their industrial applicability and therapeutic insights based on the data available in the literature. It also encompasses the need for introducing bacterial bio-pigments in global pigment industry, highlighting their future potential, aiming to contribute to the worldwide economy.
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Gordienko, P. S., V. A. Dostovalov, and E. V. Pashnina. "Hydrofluoride Method of Complex Processing of Titanium-Containing Raw Materials." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.542.
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The use of titanium dioxide is so diverse that varies from food to heavy industry and it is the main substance in the titanium industry. Over 90% of the world's mined titanium concentrates are processed to produce pigments. The sources for the production of titanium dioxide are the typically used titanium-containing ores including minerals rutile, ilmenite, and others. The volume of world production of titanium dioxide pigment exceeds 5 million tons per year and it is carried out in two ways: sulphate and chlorine (in approximately equal volumes). The changed approach to the green production processes requires the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new methods for processing titanium-containing raw materials. The authors have experimentally confirmed the high efficiency of complex, waste-free processing of titanium-containing raw materials developed by hydrofluoride. Creating pigment production on the basis hydrofluoride method will meet not only the domestic needs but also offer thepigment for export, as its parameters will surpass those of the best world analogues.
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Huawei, Zeng, Wang Chengtao, Qiao Jie, Zhang Bingjing, Zhao Bing, and Dai Chuangyun. "Determining a suitable carbon source for the production of intracellular pigments from Monascus purpureus HBSD 08." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2019-0042.
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Purpose The Monascus pigment has been widely applied in the food processing industry as a functional additive. Lovastatin and polysaccharides are two important bio-active materials found in Monascus. Citrinin is considered as mycotoxin. Thus, it is important to produce high yields of intracellular Monascus pigments with high yields of lovastatin and polysaccharides, while maintaining low citrinin yields under liquid fermentation. Design/methodology/approach The intracellular yields of pigments, lovastatin, polysaccharides and citrinin; biomass; and reducing the sugar content of Monascus purpureus HBSD 08 were determined every day during a 10-day culturing period using lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose, glycerine and xylose as the sole carbon sources. Additionally, the pigment composition was analysed by a thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the in vitro antitumor activities of the pigments were determined. Findings The maximal yield of pigments (55.44 U/mL after six days of culture) and lovastatin content (1,475.30 µg/L after five days of culture) were obtained in the presence of glucose and maltose as the sole carbon sources, respectively. The suitable carbon sources for high intracellular polysaccharides yields were sucrose, maltose and xylose. Glucose should not be chosen as the sole carbon source because of its high food safety risk. In vitro antitumor activities of pigments in the presence of different carbon sources were in the order of xylose > glucose = maltose > glycerine > sucrose = lactose. The pigment compositions in the presence of different carbon sources were the same from the TLC analysis. Thus, maltose displayed high intracellular yields of pigments, lovastatin and polysaccharides; high food safety against citrinin, and high in vitro antitumor activity during the ten days culturing period. Originality/value This study shows us the benefits of using maltose as a substrate in the production of intracellular Monascus pigments while ensuring economic and food safety.
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Hajjaji, W., G. Costa, C. Zanelli, M. J. Ribeiro, M. P. Seabra, M. Dondi, and J. A. Labrincha. "An overview of using solid wastes for pigment industry." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 32, no. 4 (April 2012): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.10.018.
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Silbir, Selim, and Yekta Goksungur. "Natural Red Pigment Production by Monascus Purpureus in Submerged Fermentation Systems Using a Food Industry Waste: Brewer’s Spent Grain." Foods 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8050161.
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This paper studies the production of natural red pigments by Monascus purpureus CMU001 in the submerged fermentation system using a brewery waste hydrolysate, brewer’s spent grain (BSG). The chemical, structural and elemental characterization of the BSG was performed with Van-Soest method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The lignocellulosic structure of BSG was hydrolyzed with a dilute sulfuric acid solution (2% (w/v)) followed by detoxification with Ca(OH)2. Maximum red pigment production (22.25 UA500) was achieved with the following conditions: 350 rpm shake speed, 50 mL fermentation volume, initial pH of 6.5, inoculation ratio of 2% (v/v), and monosodium glutamate (MSG) as the most effective nitrogen source. Plackett–Burman design was used to assess the significance of the fermentation medium components, and MSG and ZnSO4·7H2O were found to be the significant medium variables. This study is the first study showing the compatibility of BSG hydrolysate to red pigment production by Monascus purpureus in a submerged fermentation system.
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Mateus, Nuno, Joana Oliveira, Mafalda Haettich-Motta, and Victor de Freitas. "New Family of Bluish Pyranoanthocyanins." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004, no. 5 (2004): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110724304404033.
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The use of anthocyanins has been investigated for the preparation of food and beverage natural colorants as they seem to have nontoxic effects. In this context, vinylpyranoanthocyanins were recently found to naturally occur in ageing red wine. This new family of anthocyanin-derived pigments may be obtained directly through the reaction between anthocyanin derivatives and other compounds. Some of these newly formed pigments have been found to exhibit a bluish color at acidic pH. The formation of bluish pigment was obtained through reaction between anthocyanin-pyruvic-acid adducts and flavanols in the presence of acetaldehyde. The formation of similar bluish pigments was attempted using other different precursors. The chromatic features of this kind of pigments bring promising expectations concerning the use of these naturally occurring blue pigments in the food industry.
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Zaki, Nurul Asyikin Md, and Junaidah Jai. "Plant-based pigments: Challenges and future perspective for natural food colourants." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 3, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v3i1.10939.
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Many synthetic food colourants have been developed to improve food products quality due to increasing demands. However, synthetic additives have been associated with numerous side effects and toxicity, allergic reactions, behavioural, and neurocognitive effects. Hence, consumer demands and their preferences for food colourants from natural origins have increased tremendously over the decades. With the growing interests for naturally derived and plant-based food ingredients to replace synthetic additives, many studies were done to provide safer and more effective food colourants. Among the highly explored plant-based pigments are anthocyanins, betacyanins, and carotenoids. Recently, there is also discovery on the newly found auronidins as potential pigment for future food application. This paper highlights on the features of plant-based pigments and its challenges, opportunities, and the way forward in food industry. Continuous research in this area is important for the development of more stable and intense pigments. Recent findings could be one of the ways to increase the stability of plant-based pigments to be applied in food industry.
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Demczuk Jr, Bogdan, and Rosemary Hoffmann Ribani. "Updates on chemistry and use of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.144.
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<p>Food color is the first attribute evaluated by the consumer. Therefore, the food industry is concerned about the use of colorants in food materials to make them more attractive. Between the colorants used by the food industry, annatto is a raw material that allows the obtaining a large amount of natural pigments. The annatto dye is extracted from the outer layer of <em>Bixa orellana</em> L. seeds by immersion in alkaline solution, vegetable oil or organic solvents. In addition to the commercial preparations, a large amount of brazilian annatto seeds is used to prepare “colorífico”, a spice obtained from the mixture of pigment or grinded seeds with corn flour, vegetable oil and salt. Besides the bixin carotenoid, the seeds presents other components such as geranylgeraniol, with important pharmacological properties. The annatto seeds variability are influenced by conditions of post-harvest processing and the different cultivars used in industry. After the annatto processing, about 96% of waste are generated, which after dried and milled remain appropriate for reuse. During de pigment analysis in foodstuffs, the preparation techniques, the compounds separation and quantification requires, the use of standards with high purity and stability.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.144</p>
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Bezirhan Arikan, Ezgi, Oltan Canli, Yanis Caro, Laurent Dufossé, and Nadir Dizge. "Production of Bio-Based Pigments from Food Processing Industry By-Products (Apple, Pomegranate, Black Carrot, Red Beet Pulps) Using Aspergillus carbonarius." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040240.
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Food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, and red beet pulps) were evaluated as raw materials in pigment production by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus carbonarius. The effect of fermentation conditions (solid and submerged-state), incubation period (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d), initial substrate pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5), and pulp particle size (<1.4, 1.4–2.0, 2–4, and >4 mm) on fungal pigment production were tested to optimize the conditions. Pigment extraction analysis carried out under solid-state fermentation conditions showed that the maximum pigment production was determined as 9.21 ± 0.59 absorbance unit at the corresponding wavelength per gram (AU/g) dry fermented mass (dfm) for pomegranate pulp (PP) by A. carbonarius for 5 d. Moreover, the highest pigment production was obtained as 61.84 ± 2.16 AU/g dfm as yellowish brown at initial pH 6.5 with < 1.4 mm of substrate particle size for 15-d incubation period. GC×GC-TOFMS results indicate that melanin could be one of the main products as a pigment. SEM images showed that melanin could localize on the conidia of A. carbonarius.
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Mehta, Mansi, and Gaurav Shah. "Extraction of pigment fromSerratia marcescensand its application in candle industry." Advances in Applied Research 7, no. 2 (2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2104.2015.00027.3.
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Li, Xue Kun, Xiu Na Chen, Fang Fang Chen, and Wen Hong Li. "Extraction and Analysis of Pigment from Fructus ligustri Lucidi ." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.764.
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The pigment was isolated fromfructus ligustri lucidi. The pigment belonges to flavonoid by color reaction and absorption spectrum analysis. The color scale was tested, with emphasis on the effects of pH, temperatures, sunlight, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, salt,vitamin C, preservative and sucrose on its stability. Results show that the color scale of yellow pigment fromfructus ligustri lucidiis 52.38. It is stable under acidic condition and degraded under alkaline condition. It has good heat and light resistance. The pigment has better endurance capability against oxidizing agent but reducing agent. The effects of salt and sucrose are relatively small.Vitamin Chas a certain increment on the color, but preservative would degrade the pigment. The study shows that yellow pigment has good stability and supports the application in the food industry.
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Tkáčová, Jana, Katarína Furdíková, Tatiana Klempová, Katarína Ďurčanská, and Milan Čertík. "Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources." Acta Chimica Slovaca 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2015-0007.
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Abstract Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.
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Colpas-Ruiz, María Angélica, Camilo Gnecco-Molina, Gabriel Antonio Jiménez-Rodríguez, José Andrés Pérez-Mendoza, and Óscar Fabián Higuera-Cobos. "Synthesis of an Anticorrosive Pigment by Thermal Treatment of Iron Oxides from Steel Industry Wastes." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 52 (July 1, 2019): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n52.2019.9653.
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This work reports the obtaining of an anticorrosive pigment composed mainly of hematite (ɑ-Fe2O3) from a powder steel industry waste from rust scale of rebar steel. This residue is mainly composed of Fe2O3 (87.97 %), SiO2 (6.13 %), CaO (1.88 %), Al2O3 (1.30%) and MnO (0.77 %). The total iron oxide of the residue is constituted by the following crystalline phases: magnetite, maghemita, lepidocrocita, wüstite, goethite and hematite. The production of a pigment with a high content of hematite was possible thanks to the high content of precursor iron oxides, which were calcined at different temperatures (750-850 °C) and holding times (0.5-1.50 h). For characterizing the iron content chemically and to identify their iron oxides phases, it was used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pigment with the highest amount of hematite (ɑ-Fe2O3) was obtained at a calcination temperature of 850 °C and a holding time of 1.00 h.
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Stange, Stephanie, Susanne Steudler, Hubertus Delenk, Anett Werner, Thomas Walther, and André Wagenführ. "Influence of Environmental Growth Factors on the Biomass and Pigment Production of Chlorociboria aeruginascens." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5020046.
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The soft rot fungus Chlorociboria aeruginascens produces a blue–green pigment xylindein, which is of considerable interest for various applications such as in the veneer industry or in organic semiconductors. To understand the fungal growth as well as pigment production of C. aeruginascens, several studies were performed, the results of which are presented here. These studies investigated various growth conditions such as temperature, pH value, oxygen level and light intensity. It was observed that the formation of xylindein by C. aeruginascens decoupled from growth. In the primary metabolismus, the uncolored biomass is formed. Pigment production took place within the secondary metabolism, while biomass growth as well as pigment production depended on various growth conditions. It was also found that certain conditions encourage the switch in metabolism, leading to pigment production.
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Man, W. S., C. W. Kan, and S. P. Ng. "Plasma Treatment for Pigment Application to Textiles - A Critical Review." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-19-01-2015-b002.
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Dyes are extensively used in textile coloration. Recently, pigment coloration has become more and more popular in the textile industry as it has more environmental advantages. However, the color uptake, colorfastness to crocking and levelness of pigment dyed fabric are not satisfactory, and modification is needed to obtain a better color quality. Plasma treatment is widely used for modifying heat sensitive material surfaces through active plasma species. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of dye and pigment coloration and a review of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment have been conducted in this paper.
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Lamminmäki, Taina, Eija Kenttä, Hille Rautkoski, John Bachér, Sebastian Teir, John Kettle, and Juha Sarlin. "New Silica Coating Pigment for Inkjet Papers from Mining Industry Sidestreams." Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 03, no. 03 (2013): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2013.33030.
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Aviandharie, S. A., N. N. Aidha, B. N. Jati, R. Ermawati, and A. A. Cahyaningtyas. "Tio2 Purification From Ilmenite The Tin Industry By-Product For Pigment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1503 (July 2020): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1503/1/012030.
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McAughey, J. J., A. M. Samuel, P. J. Baxter, and N. J. Smith. "Biological monitoring of occupational exposure in the chromate pigment production industry." Science of The Total Environment 71, no. 3 (June 1988): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90203-3.
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Francezon, Nellie, Mickaël Herbaut, Jean-François Bardeau, Charles Cougnon, William Bélanger, Réjean Tremblay, Boris Jacquette, et al. "Electrochromic Properties and Electrochemical Behavior of Marennine, a Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment Produced by the Marine Diatom Haslea ostrearia." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040231.
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Marennine has long been known as the unique peculiar pigment responsible for the natural greening of oysters. It is specifically produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia and it is a natural blue molecule indeed promising for food industry because of the rarity of such non-toxic, blue-colored pigments. In the search for its still not defined molecular structure, investigation of the color changes with the redox state has been carried out combining different approaches. Reducing and oxidizing chemicals have been added to purified marennine solutions and a stable blue-green color has been confirmed for the oxidized state, while a yellow color corresponded to the reduced unstable state. Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor changes in the Raman spectra corresponding to the different colored states, and cyclic voltammetry has allowed the detection of a redox system in which protons and electrons are exchanged. These findings show that marennine is a suitable stable blue pigment for use in food applications and help in the elucidation of the chromophore structure.
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Arciuli, Marcella, Daniela Fiocco, Rosina Cicero, Immacolata Maida, Paola T. Zanna, Gabriella Guida, Tor E. Horsberg, Erling O. Koppang, and Anna Gallone. "Melanogenesis in visceral tissues ofSalmo salar. A link between immunity and pigment production?" Biochemistry and Cell Biology 90, no. 6 (December 2012): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o2012-033.
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Melanogenesis is mostly studied in melanocytes and melanoma cells, but much less is known about other pigment cell systems. Liver, spleen, kidney, and other organs of lower vertebrates harbour a visceral pigment cell system with an embryonic origin that differs from that of melanocytes. In teleosts, melanin-containing cells occur in the reticulo-endothelial system and are mainly in the kidney and spleen. The Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) is an ichthyic breeding species of considerable economic importance. The accumulation of pigments in salmon visceral organs and musculature adversely affects the quality of fish products and is a problem for the aquaculture industry. With the aim to reveal novel functions and behaviour of the salmonid extracutaneous pigment system, we investigated aspects of the melanogenic systems in the tissues of Atlantic salmon, as well as in SHK-1 cells, which is a long-term cell line derived from macrophages of the Atlantic salmon head-kidney. We demonstrate that a melanogenic system is present in SHK-1 cells, head-kidney, and spleen tissues. As teleosts lack lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, the head-kidney and spleen are regarded as the most important secondary lymphoid organs. The detection of tyrosinase activity in lymphoid organs indicates that a link exists between the extracutaneous pigmentary system and the immune system in salmon.
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Rostami, Hossein, Hassan Hamedi, and Mahmoud Yolmeh. "Some biological activities of pigments extracted from Micrococcus roseus (PTCC 1411) and Rhodotorula glutinis (PTCC 5257)." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 29, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0394632016673846.
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The importance of replacing synthetic pigments with natural types is increasing day by day in the food industry due to the harmful effects of some synthetic pigments. Microorganisms are a major source of natural pigments, which nowadays have attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, carotenoid pigments were produced by Micrococcus roseus and Rhodotorula glutinis, and some of their biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Given the results, bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria, had higher sensitivity to the pigments extracted from M. roseus (PEM) and R. glutinis (PER) compared to molds so that Bacillus cereus and Alternaria citri had the highest and the lowest sensitivity, respectively. PER showed a higher antioxidant activity compared with PEM in the various methods of measuring antioxidant activity. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor-promoting activities of PER were measured significantly more than PEM ( P <0.05). Both pigment extracts remarkably inhibited the 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation, so that ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) of PEM and PER were 0.22 and 0.09 mg/ear, respectively.
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Barbot'ko, S. L., I. S. Naumov, O. S. Vol'nyi, and E. V. Alifanov. "The Effect of Pigments on the Flammability Characteristics of a Rubber Compound Based on Methylvinylsiloxane Rubber." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 11 (November 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401109.
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When parts manufactured from polymeric materials are used in different sectors of industry, the use of different colours may be required. The use of pigments of different chemical nature and often possessing catalytic activity may lead to a change in fire hazard characteristics. The effect of several inorganic pigments based on carbon black and metal compounds on the flammability characteristics of a rubber compound of grade VR-42 (white-coloured) based on methylvinylsiloxane rubber has been investigated. A comparison with a standard rubber compound containing magnesium hydroxide has been carried out. The considerable influence of the presence of carbon pigment with nanosized particles on improvement in residual burning (smouldering) time by comparison with the base combination has been shown. No statistically significant change in this characteristic has been established for a coloured rubber compound of grade VR-42 by comparison with the base combination when mineral pigments of different colours and based on metal compounds are introduced.
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Christie, Robert, and Adrian Abel. "Anthraquinonoid pigments." Physical Sciences Reviews 6, no. 8 (July 2, 2021): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2020-0146.
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Abstract Colorants based on the anthraquinone structure are categorized as a subclass of carbonyl colorants. Anthraquinone textile dyes rank second in importance to azo dyes, especially within the vat dye application class. Vat dyes became of interest to the pigment industry because of their insolubility. This insolubility and generally excellent fastness properties inspired investigations into the selection of suitable established anthraquinonoid vat dyes for use as pigments after conversion to a physical form that is appropriate for their applications. Originally this proved difficult, but was eventually achieved following the development of appropriate conditioning after treatment processes. The structural chemistry of the various types of anthraquinonoid pigments in relation to their technical and coloristic performance is discussed. The chapter concludes with an illustrated description of the main synthetic routes and finally with a description of the principal applications of the individual commercial products. Anthraquinonoid pigments are generally regarded as high-performance products, suitable for highly demanding applications, although they tend to be expensive.
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Giger, Alfred. "Chemical synthesis project. A new yellow carotenoid." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 8 (January 1, 2002): 1383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274081383.
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Naturally occurring colorants have been used in food processing for centuries to give meals an appealing color. In the first half of the 20th century, the newly discovered brilliant azo dyes, amongst other artificial colorants (indol, triphenylmethane, and methine dyes), were used as pigments for food coloration. The toxicity and/or allergenic potential of some of these colorants were discovered much later. One of these pigments with a critical safety profile is the azo dye tartrazine, which exhibits a nicely fresh greenish-yellow color. The use of tartrazine is now banned in several countries and restricted in others due to its unfavorable safety profile. With the aim of extending the color fan of nature-identical food colorants offered by Roche and therefore offering a less critical colorant to the food industry, a project was initiated at Roche. The goal was to find a safer, naturally occurring pigment with a color hue similar to tartrazine. This paper discusses the process of how such a project is addressed in industry, as well as how promising candidates were selected from the wide variety of the naturally occurring carotenoids. The syntheses of some of these carotenoids will also be described.
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Zaidi, Kamal Uddin, Ayesha S. Ali, Sharique A. Ali, and Ishrat Naaz. "Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry." Biochemistry Research International 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/854687.
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Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse theo-hydroxylation of monophenols into their correspondingo-diphenols and the oxidation ofo-diphenols too-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis ofo-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinantV. spinosumtryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented.
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Vega Gutierrez, Sarath M., Derek W. Stone, Rui He, Patricia T. Vega Gutierrez, Zielle M. Walsh, and Seri C. Robinson. "Potential Use of the Pigments from Scytalidium cuboideum and Chlorociboria aeruginosa to Prevent ‘Greying’ Decking and Other Outdoor Wood Products." Coatings 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050511.
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UV-light degradation of wood is one of the top reasons for consumer replacement of outdoor wooden structures. This type of degradation is seldom mechanical, and is instead often motivated by loss of aesthetics (graying). There are numerous commercial products available on the market that deal with this loss of color, many of which contain added pigments to ‘rejuvenate’ or ‘revitalize’ greyed wood. These pigments are almost uniformly synthetic. In contrast, pigments from wood decay fungi (spalting), which have been used in woodworking since the 1400s (intarsia), have remarkable optical (UV-light resistance) properties due to their naphthoquinonic configuration. In recent years the pigments made from these fungi have been extracted and tested across numerous substrates, from solar cells to textile dyes. In this work, researchers extracted pigments from Scytalidium cuboideum (red pigmentation) and Chlorociboria aeruginosa (blue-green pigmentation), solubilized the pigments in raw linseed oil, and tested the resulting solution on samples of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western white pine (Pinus monticola). These mixtures were compared against a ‘stain and coat’ treatment (utilizing an aniline stain and coated with raw linseed oil), raw linseed oil, and untreated wood. The wood samples were then placed in an accelerated weathering machine (Q-UV) following the ASTM G154 standard, for 500 and 1000 h. The results showed that while no visible color change occurred to the wood when the pigmented oil was applied, the red pigment oil significantly lowered the coating degradation for both wood types at an exposure of 500 h. The results show the potential applications for fungal pigments in the wood coating industry, as it offers an increased coating service life. As there is a shift to renewable products, the pigments from wood decay fungi show potential as additives for wood coatings.
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Medvedev, R. P., and A. V. Skrylev. "Technological features of obtaining phosphor pigment for paints from phosphogypsum waste." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 3(103) (November 30, 2020): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2020-103-3-79-88.
Full textAbstract:
In order to provide the Russian paint and varnish industry with cheap domestic raw materials, research has been carried out to develop a phosphor pigment that meets the following requirements: 1) the production cost per unit of its volume should not exceed the cost of a similar volume of traditional dyes; 2) the pigment should be made exclusively from domestic raw materials. Sulfides were chosen as the most optimal raw materials, because of a fairly simple technology and the possibility of using production waste as a raw material, namely phosphogypsum. The essence and theory of the method for obtaining a phosphor pigment from phosphogypsum, as well as the technological features of its production.
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Zeng, Huawei, Qiao Jie, Zeng Xin, Xu Dayong, Xiong Minghua, Li Feng, Sun Jianfan, Jiang Xuan, and Dai Chuanyun. "Optimization of submerged and solid state culture conditions forMonascuspigment production and characterization of its composition and antioxidant activity." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2018-0046.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeMonascuspigment was widely applied in food processing industry as functional additive, so more attention was paid to the fermentation optimization of pigment production. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the best possible fermentative conditions for maximum production of biopigment using submerged fermentation (SFM) and solid state fermentation (SSF) byMonascus purpureusHBSD 08.Design/methodology/approachThe biopigment was produced by using an SMF and an SSF with optimized substrate to achieve higher yield. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging ability, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The pigment composition was analyzed by thin layer chromatography.FindingsMaximumMonascuspigment production (79.6 U/ml and 1,102 U/g) were obtained under an SFM and an SFF. The antioxidant activity of the pigment in an SFM was significantly higher than that in an SFM. The composition of pigment was not different in an SFM and an SFF.Originality/valueThe study developed new conditions, andMonascusstrain was a candidate for producing pigment in an SFM and an SFF. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is a first attempt toward comparative evaluation on antioxidant capacity and composition between pigment in an SSF and an SFM. This result will serve forMonascuspigment production.