To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pigment Spectroscopy.
Journal articles on the topic 'Pigment Spectroscopy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pigment Spectroscopy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wiggins, Marcie B., Jocelyn Alcántara-García, and Karl S. Booksh. "Characterization of copper-based pigment preparation and alteration products." MRS Advances 2, no. 63 (2017): 3973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.53.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTCopper-based pigments are common in works of art that show signs of decay on green and blue areas and are frequently associated with the degradation of organic substrates and/or media (drying oils, cellulose, etc.). The exact causes of degradation remain unknown. This prompted us to study possible starting and degradation products of one especially reactive copper pigment, verdigris (copper acetate), as well as pigments of the same family (salt and soap greens). Preparation of pigments using historical methods was followed by spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Synthesis of verdigris and verdigris-like pigments resulted in a mixture of starting polymorphs of verdigris, including neutral and basic verdigris. With accelerated aging, pigments degraded to a polymorph of basic verdigris when not affected by organic media, whereas pigments on cellulosic substrates showed oxidized copper species. With this study, we are beginning to understand verdigris starting materials and highlight the complex interactions between pigments and substrates that influence pigment degradation pathways.
2
Dupuis, Guillaume, Mady Elias, and Lionel Simonot. "Pigment Identification by Fiber-Optics Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 10 (October 2002): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760354803.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy is used to identify pigments in pictorial layers of works of art thanks to a spectra database of dry powdered mineral pigments. Measurements are noninvasive, without any contact, and can be implemented in situ, without moving the work of art under investigation from its conservation place. The experimental device, using the special back-scattering configuration, is briefly presented. The protocol leading to the constitution of the spectra database of dry mineral pigments is described. Unlike other studies, this protocol has been developed to emphasize multiple scattering of light by elementary pigments in comparison with specular reflection on the surface of the sample. In these conditions, the diffuse reflectance spectrum is the label of the mineral pigment. The numerical processing of pigment identification is detailed. Both the influences of the roughness of the studied surface and of a possible varnish layer are taken into account when numerical identification is implemented. Several applications on patrimonial works of art are reported.
3
Kougemitrou, I., G. Economou, J. Giovanopoulos, I. Baziotis, G. Leontakianakos, and V. Stathopoulos. "A mineralogical study of pigments used in two Iakovidis paintings: Verification of artwork authenticity using Raman micro-spectroscopy method." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11014.
Full textAbstract:
For the purpose of the current study, we examined two paintings, an original and a fake one, entitled “Still life with grapes”, and claimed both to be created from the Greek Painter G. Iakovidis. The current Research Project has been carried out at the Centre Nikias, an innovative Research Centre specialised on certification, maintenance and restoration of art works. Raman spectroscopic analysis has been carried to verify the authenticity of the used pigments and also the originality of the two paintings. The Raman spectra acquired confirmed four different colours in both painting`s pigments: red, blue, white and yellow. For the first painting Cinnabar for the red pigment, Ultramarine for the blue pigment, White earths for the white pigment and Yellow ochre for the yellow pigment. In the second painting the colours used verified as synthetic pigments. We identified the presence of Cadmium red for the red colour, Cobalt blue for the blue pigment, Zinc white for the white and Cadmium yellow for the yellow one.
4
Zhang, Yong, Xuening Fei, Lu Yu, Lingyun Cao, and Baolian Zhang. "Preparation and characterisation of silica supported organic hybrid pigments." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 6 (November 3, 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2013-0087.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of the work reported in this paper is to prepare hybrid pigments fabricated by depositing pigment yellow 12 (PY12) on the surface of silica gel to improve the application performance of the resulting pigments. The particle size distribution, optical properties, thermal stability, water dispersibility and flowability of the pigments with and without silica gel modification were studied. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid pigments were synthesised with different amount of silica gel. The modified pigments were characterised by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Findings The particle size distribution of the modified pigments was found to have been altered significantly. This can be explained by the interaction between pigments and silica gel, which prevented self-aggregation of pigment particles and hence improved the properties of pigments. Research limitations/implications Only silica supports and pigment yellow 12 were evaluated. Other pigments could also be studied. Practical implications Modification of pigment particles with smaller particle size can increase the efficiency of the modified pigment, in terms of colour shade and tinting strength, due to better particle size distribution. Originality/value The paper demonstrates that inorganic core can prevent self-aggregation of pigment particles, and the application properties of such pigment depend on the resulting degree of dispersion of pigment particles.
5
Gorgieva, Selestina, Darinka Fakin, and Alenka Ojstršek. "Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy as a Tool for Assessment of Photoluminescent Pigments Print on Polyester Fabric." TEKSTILEC 64, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2021.64.16-24.
Full textAbstract:
The size and distribution of the photoluminescent pigment particles within the selected binder may affect the quality and appearance of the final print significantly. Yet, the techniques for precise evaluation of size distri¬bution of the pigment particles within a 3D fabric space are rather limited, based on their intrinsic fluorescent properties. The presented work demonstrates a simple screen-printing process for the sustainable application of three different types of commercial fluorescent pigments on polyester (PES) fabric, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a binder. A comprehensive toolbox was used to compare and study different commercial photo¬luminescent pigments and their corresponding prints, by means of size distribution and concentration effect of emission intensity, including Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (CFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with complementary spectroscopic techniques, i.e. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The focus is on CFM utilised as a non-destructive tool, used for the evaluation of photoluminescent pigments´ spatial distribution within printing pastes, as well as on/within the PES fabrics.
6
Wang, Quan, and W. E. Moerner. "Dissecting pigment architecture of individual photosynthetic antenna complexes in solution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 45 (October 5, 2015): 13880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514027112.
Full textAbstract:
Oligomerization plays a critical role in shaping the light-harvesting properties of many photosynthetic pigment−protein complexes, but a detailed understanding of this process at the level of individual pigments is still lacking. To study the effects of oligomerization, we designed a single-molecule approach to probe the photophysical properties of individual pigment sites as a function of protein assembly state. Our method, based on the principles of anti-Brownian electrokinetic trapping of single fluorescent proteins, step-wise photobleaching, and multiparameter spectroscopy, allows pigment-specific spectroscopic information on single multipigment antennae to be recorded in a nonperturbative aqueous environment with unprecedented detail. We focus on the monomer-to-trimer transformation of allophycocyanin (APC), an important antenna protein in cyanobacteria. Our data reveal that the two chemically identical pigments in APC have different roles. One (α) is the functional pigment that red-shifts its spectral properties upon trimer formation, whereas the other (β) is a “protective” pigment that persistently quenches the excited state of α in the prefunctional, monomer state of the protein. These results show how subtleties in pigment organization give rise to functionally important aspects of energy transfer and photoprotection in antenna complexes. The method developed here should find immediate application in understanding the emergent properties of other natural and artificial light-harvesting systems.
7
Lee, Hyun Soo, and Byung Ha Lee. "Synthesis of Forsterite Pigment for Underglaze Colors." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.109.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present investigations was to synthesize pigments based on Ni-doped forsterite (Mg2SiO4) for high temperature underglaze colors by ceramic route. In forsterite Mg2+ can be replaced by Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+ ion since their ionic radious are close or coincide. NiO doped forsterite green pigments pigments were prepared by ceramic method from mixture of MgO and SiO2 and H3BO3 as mineralizer and the colour properties of the pigments was also investigated. In this experiment, very brilliant and fluorescent light green color hue of pigment was obtained at 1300°C for 3 hours. According to various firing condition, crystalline structure of pigments were chracterised by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy. And their color characterization were analized by UV-Vis spectroscopy on the ground of CIE L*a*b* measurement.
8
Ren, Jie, Cunjin Gao, Jigang Wang, Yang Shen, Jilong Shi, Quanxiao Liu, and Wei Chen. "Non-invasive Optical Technical Identification of Red Pigments on Chinese Paper Notes." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040410.
Full textAbstract:
Red pigments with bright colors were widely used in ancient Chinese painted pottery, books, antiques, calligraphy, and paintings. Herein, red pigments of traditional paper notes were investigated by non-invasive optical technology in order to enrich the Chinese historical pigments knowledge base. The results of laser Raman spectroscopy tests on five paper notes clearly identified the inorganic mineral pigments including ocher and cinnabar. Infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated that an artificial synthetic magenta was employed as the organic pigment. Inorganic and organic red pigments were applied together on the same samples 2 and 5 which can be speculated to serve an anti-counterfeiting function. In addition, SEM-EDS analysis of sample 5 clearly showed that the red pigment was composed of lead oxides and ZnS was added as color modulator. Combined with the abovementioned non-invasive techniques, analysis of printed pigments can provide a feasible method to authenticate and conserve paper notes.
9
Pronti, Lucilla, Giuseppe Capobianco, Margherita Vendittelli, Anna Candida Felici, Silvia Serranti, and Giuseppe Bonifazi. "Optimized Method for Mapping Inorganic Pigments by Means of Multispectral Imaging Combined with Hyperspectral Spectroscopy for the Study of Vincenzo Pasqualoni’s Wall Painting at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080839.
Full textAbstract:
Multispectral imaging is a preliminary screening technique for the study of paintings. Although it permits the identification of several mineral pigments by their spectral behavior, it is considered less performing concerning hyperspectral imaging, since a limited number of wavelengths are selected. In this work, we propose an optimized method to map the distribution of the mineral pigments used by Vincenzo Pasqualoni for his wall painting placed at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome, combining UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. The first method (UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy) allowed us to characterize pigment layers with a high spectral resolution; the second method (UV/VIS/NIR multispectral imaging) permitted the evaluation of the pigment distribution by utilizing a restricted number of wavelengths. Combining the results obtained from both devices was possible to obtain a distribution map of a pictorial layer with a high accuracy level of pigment recognition. The method involved the joint use of point-by-point hyperspectral spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the pigments in the color palette and evaluate the possibility to discriminate all the pigments recognized, using a minor number of wavelengths acquired through the multispectral imaging system. Finally, the distribution and the spectral difference of the different pigments recognized in the multispectral images, (in this case: red ochre, yellow ochre, orpiment, cobalt blue-based pigments, ultramarine and chrome green) were shown through PCA false-color images.
10
Gorgieva, Selestina, Natalija Virant, and Alenka Ojstršek. "Complementary Assessment of Commercial Photoluminescent Pigments Printed on Cotton Fabric." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071216.
Full textAbstract:
The presented study focuses on photoluminescent pigments applied on cotton fabric by a screen-printed procedure using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a binder. Microscopic data depicts irregular shapes and relatively wide size distribution (3–80 µm) of pigments. Regarding composition, the Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data complement findings suggesting the presence of Eu-doped strontium aluminate in the yellow-green, calcium aluminate in the violet pigment, and metal oxides in the blue pigment. The optical properties of pigment-enriched PDMS-coated cotton fabric were assessed and reflectance intensity was found to be concentration-dependent only in the blue pigment. The luminescence decay data show that luminescence intensity decreased with the reduction of pigment concentration in the following order, yellow-green > blue > violet pigments. Relying on absorption and emission data of powdered pigments, the confocal microscopy enables visualization of the pigments’ distribution within a 3D image projection. This identifies the most homogeneous distribution in the case of the blue pigment, as well as the presence of a continuous fluorescing signal in the z projection when 5% pigment was used. This was, for the first time, presented as a powerful tool for non-destructive visualization of photoluminescent pigments’ spatial distribution when printed on textile (cotton) fabric. Finally, the photoluminescent PDMS coating demonstrates high washing and abrasion resistance, contributing to overall functionality of printed cotton fabrics when commercial types of pigments are applied.
11
Bouffard, S. P., A. J. Sommer, J. E. Katon, and S. Godber. "Use of Molecular Microspectroscopy to Characterize Pigment-Loaded Polypropylene Single Fibers." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 11 (November 1994): 1387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944027976.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular microspectroscopy was used to characterize different pigments loaded into polypropylene fibers. Single-fiber analysis by infrared, visible, and Raman microspectroscopies proved to be quite complementary for identification and quantitation of these materials. Infrared microspectroscopy was effective not only for identification of pigments loaded into the fibers, but also for quantitation of concentration levels at 1% (w/w) and greater. Visible microspectroscopy was effective for quantitation of pigment levels between the range of 0.1 and 1% (w/w). However, it may not be successful for positive identification of most pigments. Raman microspectroscopy was an effective technique for pigment identification and quantitation over all examined concentration levels provided that the sample showed no signs of fluorescence or heating effects. Quantitation for all techniques gave correlation coefficient values of 0.99+ and relative standard deviations typically ranging from 5 to 20%.
12
Hu, Jianying, and Xiong (Bill) Yu. "Measurement of Wavelength and Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties of Thermochromic Pigments." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817740586.
Full textAbstract:
Thermochromic material is a substance that is capable of changing reversibly the color as the temperature rises. Therefore, the optical spectrum of thermochromic material is responsive to the environmental temperature. In this study, the temperature-dependent optical constants of thermochromic pigments over the wavelength of 350–1800 nm were investigated. Three kinds of thermochromic pigments featured with black, blue, and red colors at room temperature were suspended in water and the light reflection and transmission of the suspensions at different temperatures were measured by a multifunctional spectrophotometer. It was found that below the transition temperature of thermochromic material, the refractive index was 2.1–2.5, 2.2–2.6, and 2.0–2.4 over the wavelength range of 350–1800 nm for black, blue, and red thermochromic pigment, respectively, while above the transition temperature it reached 2.3–2.7, 2.4–2.9, and 2.4–2.7, respectively. It was also observed that the relationship between refractive index of thermochromic pigment and wavelength follows the cubic polynomial function. Furthermore, the extinction coefficient is in the range of 1 × 10−5–1.2 × 10−4 for all thermochromic pigments and remains approximately stable at different temperatures. The determination of optical constants of thermochromic pigments provides essential parameters in the modeling of light scattering and absorption by pigment particles to further fine-tune the optical properties of thermochromic coating.
13
Mulik, Anuradha, Priyanka Kumbhar, and Rama Bhadekar. "PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENTS PRODUCED BY KOCURIA SP BRI 36: INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.20831.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To study the production of pigments by Kocuria sp. BRI 36, their characteristics and influence of heavy metals on pigments.Methods: The effects of various physical and chemical parameters on pigments production by Kocuria sp. BRI 36 were examined. Pigments were extracted and partially characterised by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cd 2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ were studied on pigment production. Antimicrobial activity and stability studies of crude pigment were also conducted.Results: Kocuria sp. BRI 36 isolated from cold oceanic region maximally produced red-orange pigment in presence of glucose (5% w/v) and protease peptone (0.2% w/v) at pH 7.5, 10±1 °C. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed the occurrence of three different compounds in the crude pigment belonging to carotenoid and xanthophyll group. Metals like Ni2+ and Cr3+ adversely affected pigment production while Pb2+and Cd2+enhanced the yield. The significant features of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigment are i) antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ii) maximum stability at pH 7.5 and 10±1 °C and iii) ~38% color loss at 50±1 °C in 5 h.Conclusion: Our results suggest application potential of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigments in various biotechnological fields.
14
Valadas, Sara, Rita V. Freire, Ana Cardoso, José Mirão, Cristina B. Dias, Peter Vandenabeele, and António Candeias. "On the Use of the Unusual Green Pigment Brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6) in the 16th-Century Portuguese-Flemish Paintings Attributed to The Master Frei Carlos Workshop." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 2 (February 23, 2015): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615000094.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper reports an unusual green pigment, brochantite (Cu4(SO4)(OH)6), on 16th-century Portuguese-Flemish paintings, attributed to the Master Frei Carlos workshop. This green mineral is usually identified as an impurity or alteration product in the green pigments verdigris (Cu(CH3COO)2nCu(OH)2) or malachite (CuCO3 Cu(OH)2). However, after thorough investigation with a broad range of analytical techniques, it became clear that, in this case, brochantite was applied as a pigment. The abundance, pigment granulometry, and pigment morphology suggest intentional use by this Portuguese-Flemish Master as a natural pigment rather than its accidental use as an alteration product. This seems to be a distinguishable feature to other painters (Flemish and Portuguese) working in Portugal at the beginning of the 16th century.The multi-analytical study of these easel paintings was first performed by physical imaging techniques and material characterization was carried out by optical microscopy, micro-Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and micro-X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
15
Stenger, Pierre-Louis, Chin-Long Ky, Céline Reisser, Julien Duboisset, Hamadou Dicko, Patrick Durand, Laure Quintric, Serge Planes, and Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol. "Molecular Pathways and Pigments Underlying the Colors of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758)." Genes 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030421.
Full textAbstract:
The shell color of the Mollusca has attracted naturalists and collectors for hundreds of years, while the molecular pathways regulating pigment production and the pigments themselves remain poorly described. In this study, our aim was to identify the main pigments and their molecular pathways in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera—the species displaying the broadest range of colors. Three inner shell colors were investigated—red, yellow, and green. To maximize phenotypic homogeneity, a controlled population approach combined with common garden conditioning was used. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes (RNA-seq) of P. margaritifera with different shell colors revealed the central role of the heme pathway, which is involved in the production of red (uroporphyrin and derivates), yellow (bilirubin), and green (biliverdin and cobalamin forms) pigments. In addition, the Raper–Mason, and purine metabolism pathways were shown to produce yellow pigments (pheomelanin and xanthine) and the black pigment eumelanin. The presence of these pigments in pigmented shell was validated by Raman spectroscopy. This method also highlighted that all the identified pathways and pigments are expressed ubiquitously and that the dominant color of the shell is due to the preferential expression of one pathway compared with another. These pathways could likely be extrapolated to many other organisms presenting broad chromatic variation.
16
Pronti, Lucilla, Anna Candida Felici, Matthieu Ménager, Cathy Vieillescazes, and Mario Piacentini. "Spectral Behavior of White Pigment Mixtures Using Reflectance, Ultraviolet—Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Multispectral Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 12 (July 21, 2017): 2616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817717969.
Full textAbstract:
Reflectance spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)—fluorescence spectroscopy, and multispectral imaging have been widely employed for pigment identification on paintings. From ancient times to the present, lead white, zinc white, and titanium white have been the most important white pigments used for paintings and they are used as pigment markers for dating a work of art. The spectral behavior of these pigments is reported in several scientific papers and websites, but those of their mixtures are quite unknown. We present a combined nondestructive approach for identifying mixtures of lead white, zinc white, and titanium white as powder and dispersed in two different binder media (egg yolk and linseed oil) by using reflectance spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, multispectral reflectance and UV-fluorescence imaging. We propose a novel approach for mapping the presence of white pigments in paintings by false color images obtained from multispectral reflectance and UV-fluorescence images. We found that the presence of lead white mixed with either zinc white or titanium white is highly detectable. Zinc white mixed with lead white or titanium white can be identified due to its UV-fluorescence emission, whereas titanium white in association with lead white or zinc white is distinguishable by its reflectance spectral features. In most cases, the UV-fluorescence analyses also permit the recognition of the binder media in which the pigments are dispersed.
17
Thomas, Daniel B., Cushla M. McGoverin, Kevin J. McGraw, Helen F. James, and Odile Madden. "Vibrational spectroscopic analyses of unique yellow feather pigments (spheniscins) in penguins." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (June 6, 2013): 20121065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.1065.
Full textAbstract:
Many animals extract, synthesize and refine chemicals for colour display, where a range of compounds and structures can produce a diverse colour palette. Feather colours, for example, span the visible spectrum and mostly result from pigments in five chemical classes (carotenoids, melanins, porphyrins, psittacofulvins and metal oxides). However, the pigment that generates the yellow colour of penguin feathers appears to represent a sixth, poorly characterized class of feather pigments. This pigment class, here termed ‘spheniscin’, is displayed by half of the living penguin genera; the larger and richer colour displays of the pigment are highly attractive. Using Raman and mid-infrared spectroscopies, we analysed yellow feathers from two penguin species (king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus ; macaroni penguin, Eudyptes chrysolophus ) to further characterize spheniscin pigments. The Raman spectrum of spheniscin is distinct from spectra of other feather pigments and exhibits 17 distinctive spectral bands between 300 and 1700 cm −1 . Spectral bands from the yellow pigment are assigned to aromatically bound carbon atoms, and to skeletal modes in an aromatic, heterocyclic ring. It has been suggested that the penguin pigment is a pterin compound; Raman spectra from yellow penguin feathers are broadly consistent with previously reported pterin spectra, although we have not matched it to any known compound. Raman spectroscopy can provide a rapid and non-destructive method for surveying the distribution of different classes of feather pigments in the avian family tree, and for correlating the chemistry of spheniscin with compounds analysed elsewhere. We suggest that the sixth class of feather pigments may have evolved in a stem-lineage penguin and endowed modern penguins with a costly plumage trait that appears to be chemically unique among birds.
18
Wu, Taixia, Bo Yuan, Shudong Wang, Guanghua Li, and Yong Lei. "A Normalized Difference Spectral Recognition Index for Azurite Pigment." Applied Spectroscopy 74, no. 5 (May 2020): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702820909435.
Full textAbstract:
Hyperspectral technology is a nondestructive, fast, and reliable method for the detection and restoration of relics. Most of the band characteristics of mineral pigment are concentrated between 2200 and 2400 nm, and these data are expensive to obtain (the required imaging sensor is expensive). We are pursuing a hyperspectral index mean that can effectively distinguish pigments in shorter band ranges to achieve high application value that is much less expensive. In this study, based on the spectral features of azurite at 400–1500 nm, we created an azurite normalized difference spectral index (ANDSI) through feature band selection, derivation of characteristic formulae, and discrimination analysis. Reflectivity bands at 458, 806, and 1373 nm were selected to build the ANDSI. Azurite was compared with 25 other common pigments and it was found that the discrimination values between azurite and the other pigments exceeded 0.88 (where values >0.5 indicate discriminable pigments), demonstrating that the ANDSI is suitable for detecting azurite.
19
Yivlialin, Galli, Raimondo, Martini, and Sassella. "Detecting the NIR Fingerprint of Colors: The Characteristic Response of Modern Blue Pigments." Heritage 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 2255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030137.
Full textAbstract:
Reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near infrared (NIR) range is widely applied to art studies for the characterization of paints and pigments, with the advantages of non-invasive techniques. Isolating and detecting the fingerprint of pigments, especially in the NIR range, is quite challenging, since the presence of vibrational transitions of the most common organic functional groups prevents to relate the optical spectrum of a composite sample, as an artwork is, to each one of its elements (i.e., support, binder, and specific pigment). In this work, a method is presented to obtain the UV-Vis-NIR optical response of the single components of a model composite sample reproducing an artwork, i.e., the support, the binder, and the pigment or dye, by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This allowed us to obtain the NIR spectral fingerprint of blue pigments and to identify specific features possibly applicable for detecting cobalt and phthalocyanine blue colors in artwork analysis.
20
Tajer Kajinebaf, Vahideh, Fereshteh Rezaeian, Masoud Rajabi, and Saeid Baghshahi. "Replacing nano-clay for kaolin in ultramarine pigments." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2013-0020.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Replacing nano-clay for kaolin in ultramarine pigments was investigated. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Ultramarine pigments with both kaolin and nano-clay were synthesized by traditional method. For this purpose, mixing of the raw materials consisted of calcined clay, sulfur, sodium hydroxide and Arabic gum was milled and then calcined at 800°C for 9 h under controlled atmosphere. The characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, colorimetery (CIELab method) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Findings – The investigations show that using nano-clay results in richer pigments. XRD results reveal that the ultramarine phase formation is enhanced by using nano-clay. SEM and DLS results also confirm that the ultramarine pigment synthesized by using nano-clay has smaller particles than that prepared by kaolin. Originality/value – In this research, for the first time, nano-clay was substituted for kaolin to synthesized ultramarine pigment.
21
Venil, Chidambaram Kulandaisamy, Laurent Dufossé, Palanivel Velmurugan, Mahalingam Malathi, and Perumalsamy Lakshmanaperumalsamy. "Extraction and Application of Pigment from Serratia marcescens SB08, an Insect Enteric Gut Bacterium, for Textile Dyeing." Textiles 1, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1010003.
Full textAbstract:
As an investigative study, the potent bacterium Serratia marcescens SB08 was screened from the enteric gut of sulfur butterfly (Kricogonia lyside). Its pigment potential was tested, and the pigment was identified as prodigiosin by structural studies using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Various conditions, including pH, reaction time, temperature, color intensity, and fastness properties, were studied for pure silk, China silk, and cotton yarns, and the conditions for effective dyeing were optimized. Further, the pigment’s antimicrobial pursuit was tested to counter the common pathogens Bacillus subtilis MTCC2388, Escherichia coli MTCC443, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC109, Proteus vulgaris MTCC1771, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC1688. The pigment was largely effectual and exhibited utmost zones of inhibition, thus demonstrating the finest antimicrobial effect against the microbes tested. The textile yarn materials soaked with this intrinsic dye pigment also exhibited antimicrobial action.
22
Gruber, Gertraud, and Wolfgang Steglich. "Calostomal, a Polyene Pigment from the Gasteromycete Calostoma cinnabarinum (Boletales)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0120.
Full textAbstract:
The North American stalked puffball Calostoma cinnabarinum (Boletales) owes its red-orange colour to the heptaene pigment calostomal. Its structure has been determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the corresponding methyl ester as all-trans-16-oxohexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14- heptaenoic acid (1). Neither pulvinic acids nor other typical Boletales pigments could be detected in this fungus. The structural relationship of 1 to other polyene pigments from fungi is discussed.
23
Fulcher, Kate, Ruth Siddall, Trevor F. Emmett, and Neal Spencer. "Multi-Scale Characterization of Unusual Green and Blue Pigments from the Pharaonic Town of Amara West, Nubia." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 2563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030145.
Full textAbstract:
Pigments from paint palettes and a grindstone excavated from the pharaonic town of Amara West (c. 1300–1050 BCE), which lies between the Second and Third Cataracts of the Nile, were examined using polarized light microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Most of the pigments were consistent with the typical ancient Egyptian palette, but the greens and some blues were unusual. Two types of green pigment were identified, chlorite (varieties clinochlore and penninite) and copper chloride hydroxide (atacamite type). The former constitutes a type of green earth which has only rarely been identified in pharaonic Egyptian contexts and may be more widespread than is currently reported. The majority of the blue pigment samples were Egyptian blue, but some were found to be a blue earth, the main component of which being sodic amphibole riebeckite. The use of this mineral as a pigment has not previously been reported in any Nile Valley context. These results prompt questions around local and potentially indigenous practices within an ancient colonial context, and highlight avenues for future research.
24
Perez-Pueyo, R., M. J. Soneira, M. Castanys, and S. Ruiz-Moreno. "Fuzzy Approach for Identifying Artistic Pigments with Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 8 (August 2009): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209788964412.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a fuzzy approach for automatically identifying artistic pigments from their Raman spectra is presented. The uncertainty introduced during the Raman spectrum measurement of pigments is considered in the design of the fuzzy system. The position of the Raman bands in the unknown spectrum can be subject to small displacements due to noise, misalignments in the calibration, etc. Fuzzy logic allows us to work with this uncertainty and to design a system based on the comparison between the Raman band positions in an unknown spectrum recorded from an artwork and the Raman band positions in spectra recorded from reference pigments gathered in databases. The fuzzy system provides the reference pigments whose Raman band positions match those of the unknown pigment analyzed and gives guidance to the decision-making process in the final identification.
25
Athanasiu, Angela Anca, Marian Deaconu, Marian Crudu, Sanda Doncea, Rusandica Stoica, Loti Oproiu, Raluca Senin, Mircea Ruse, Dan Rosu, and Catalin Filipescu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Copper(II)-Phthalocyanine Pigment (PBI 15:3) with the Modified Surface. I." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5450.
Full textAbstract:
The research activity presented in this paper is intended to investigating of certain valuable nanosized blue pigment ( P Bl 15:3) prepared by 3-way synthesis (functionalization reactions) and conditionin(dispersing with or without encapsulation), namely obtaining stable aqueous dispersions of blue pigment with modified surface used in medium nonspecific for pigments. The techniques employed to characterize the structure and properties of blue pigment dispersions with functionalized particles compared to the original powder product were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA) and particle size distribution (the distribution and average of particle diameter).In our finding the nano-dispersions obtained contain functionalized blue pigment particles with or without encapsulation in the form of liposomes with the average diameter below 200-300 nm, representing good results.
26
Anglos, Demetrios, Stelios Couris, and Costas Fotakis. "Laser Diagnostics of Painted Artworks: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Pigment Identification." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 7 (July 1997): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941421.
Full textAbstract:
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for the in situ analysis of pigments used in painting. LIBS spectra were collected from a wide variety of pigments in powder form and in oil color test samples. Appropriate emission lines for the identification of the metallic elements in the pigments examined are proposed. Under optimal experimental parameters, the technique is minimally destructive; two pulses from a laser beam focused on the sample surface result in the formation of a small crater with typical diameter around 40 μm and depth of no more than 10 μm. Furthermore, recording LIBS spectra from successive laser pulses on the same spot of a model oil painting resulted in information regarding the pigment composition of several paint layers, showing the capability of the technique in performing depth profile analysis. Finally, a test case is presented in which an 18th century oil painting, subjected to partial restoration, was examined by LIBS, and the different pigments used in the original and in the restored part of the work were clearly identified. The results of our studies demonstrate the applicability of LIBS in the rapid, in situ, and practically nondestructive determination of pigments in painted artworks.
27
KANDORI, Hideki. "Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Visual Pigment Rhodopsin." Seibutsu Butsuri 60, no. 2 (2020): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.60.127.
Full text
28
Gómez, Nuria, Cristina Molleda, Ester Quintana, José M. Carbajo, Alejandro Rodríguez, and Juan C. Villar. "Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) Applied to Study the Distribution of Ink Components in Printed Newspapers." Applied Spectroscopy 70, no. 9 (July 20, 2016): 1537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816640287.
Full textAbstract:
A new method was developed to study how the oil and cyan pigments of cold-set ink are distributed in newspaper thickness. The methodology involved laboratory printing followed by delamination of the printed paper. The unprinted side, printed side, and resulting layers were analyzed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). Three commercial newspapers and black and cyan cold-set inks were chosen for the study. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy enabled the proportion of oil and cyan pigment on the printed surface and throughout the sheet thickness to be measured. Oil percentage was evaluated as the area increment of the region from 2800 cm−1 to 3000 cm−1. The relative amount of cyan pigment was determined as the area of the absorption band at 730 cm−1. The ink oil was found mainly below half the paper thickness, whereas the pigment was detected at the layers closer to the printed surface, at a depth penetration of less than 15 µm (20% of thickness). Distribution of these two components in paper thickness depended on the type of cold-set ink, the amount of ink transferred, and the newspaper properties.
29
McCarthy, Shane, Haley Wiskoski, and Joseph P. Hornak. "Mapping Pigments in a Painting with Low Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Heritage 4, no. 3 (July 10, 2021): 1182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030065.
Full textAbstract:
An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) mobile universal surface explorer (MOUSE) was recently introduced for noninvasively studying paramagnetic pigments in paintings. This study determined that the EPR MOUSE could map the spatial locations of four pigments in a simple impasto painting. Results from three spectral identification algorithms were examined to assess their ability to identify the pigments using an unsupervised approach. Resulting pigment maps are displayed as colorized images of the spatial distribution of the pigments. All three algorithms produced reasonable representations of the painting. The algorithms achieved excellent true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative rates of ≥0.95, ≥0.98, ≤0.02, and ≤0.05, respectively, for the identification of the pigments. We conclude that the EPR MOUSE is suitable for accurately mapping the location of paramagnetic pigments in a painting.
30
Burgio, Lucia, Robin J. H. Clark, Theodosia Stratoudaki, Michael Doulgeridis, and Demetrios Anglos. "Pigment Identification in Painted Artworks: A Dual Analytical Approach Employing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Raman Microscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 4 (April 2000): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949861.
Full textAbstract:
The combined application of two laser-based analytical techniques—laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman microscopy—for pigment identification on painted artworks is demonstrated. Detailed spectral data are presented from analyses performed on a 19th century Byzantine icon, which was examined in order to identify the pigments used in the original painted structure, as well as in interventions carried out subsequently for restorative purposes. LIBS measurements yielded elemental analytical data which suggest the presence of certain pigments and, in addition, provide information on the stratigraphy of the paint layers. Identification of most pigments and of the materials used in the preparation layer was performed by Raman microscopy.
31
Hibberts, Stephen, Howell G. M. Edwards, Mona Abdel-Ghani, and Peter Vandenabeele. "Raman spectroscopic analysis of a ‘ noli me tangere ’ painting." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2082 (December 13, 2016): 20160044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0044.
Full textAbstract:
The discovery of an oil painting in seriously damaged condition with an important historical and a heterodox detail with possible origins in the late fifteenth century has afforded the opportunity for Raman microscopic analysis prior to its restoration being undertaken. The painting depicts a risen Christ following His crucifixion in a ‘ noli me tangere ’ pose with three women in an Italian terrace garden with a stone balustrade overlooking a rural landscape and an undoubted view of late-medieval Florence. The picture has suffered much abuse and is in very poor condition, which is possibly attributable to its controversial portrayal of a polydactylic Christ with six toes on His right foot. By the late sixteenth century, after the Council of Trent, this portrayal would almost certainly have been frowned upon by the Church authorities or more controversially as a depiction of the holy. Raman spectroscopic analysis of the pigments places the painting as being consistent chronologically with the Renaissance period following the identification of cinnabar, haematite, red lead, lead white, goethite, verdigris, caput mortuum and azurite with no evidence of more modern synthetic pigments or of modern restoration having been carried out. An interesting pigment mixture found here is that of the organic dye carmine and cinnabar to produce a particular bright red pigment coloration. Stratigraphic examination of the paint fragments has demonstrated the presence of an orange resin layer immediately on top of the canvas substrate, effectively rendering the pigment as a sandwich between this substratal resin and the overlying varnish. The Raman spectroscopic evidence clearly indicates that an attribution of the artwork to the Renaissance is consistent with the scientific analysis of the pigment composition. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
32
Majeed, Huda Z. "Antimicrobial activity of Micrococcus luteus Cartenoid pigment." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 1, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.2017.1.1.9.
Full textAbstract:
Cartenoids are group of pigments ,with enormous types different structurally and functionally, have colors range from red to yellow found in a wide variety of plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. The animals took from food because they cannot made it, on contrary, the plants and microbes produce them due to subjection to environment. The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the cartenoid pigment from Micrococcus luteus. The pigment extraction was done by acetone, then was characterized with Ultra Violet –Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, it was tested for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial isolates and antifungal activity tests against six different fungal isolates by well diffusion method. The results found that, the extracted pigment having antibacterial activity and antifungal activity and having the ability to absorb UVA rays within the range of 300-500 nm. There were no significant difference in antimicrobial effect of pigment , even when the extraction and isolation were done by two culture medium (Nutrient Broth and Luria Bertani Broth). There were considerable inhibition percentages of adhesion after subjection to Cartenoid pigment ranged between (5.71, 23.84) % for Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively and all the 11 isolate changed from Biofilm producer to non-producer. The isolated compound can be used against different bacterial and fungal infections. So they had a great future in medicine, cosmetics and as a sun protecting agent.
33
Majeed, Huda Z. "Antimicrobial activity of Micrococcus luteus Cartenoid pigment." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 1 (November 19, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i1.314.
Full textAbstract:
Cartenoids are group of pigments, with enormous types different structurally and functionally, have colors range from red to yellow found in a wide variety of plants, fungi, algae and bacteria. The animals took from food because they cannot make it, on contrary, the plants and microbes produce them due to subjection to environment.
The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the cartenoid pigment from Micrococcus luteus. The pigment extraction was done by acetone, and then was characterized with UltraViolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, it was tested for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial isolates and antifungal activity tests against six different fungal isolates by well diffusion method. The results found that, the extracted pigment having antibacterial activity and antifungal activity and having the ability to absorb UVA rays within the range of 300-500 nm. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect of pigment, even when the extraction and isolation were done by two culture mediums (Nutrient Broth and Luria Bertani Broth). There were considerable inhibition percentages of adhesion after subjection to Cartenoid pigment ranged between (5.71, 23.84) % for Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively and all the 11 isolate changed from Biofilm producer to non-producer.
The isolated compound can be used against different bacterial and fungal infections. So they had a great future in medicine, cosmetics and as a sun protecting agent.
34
Burns, CJ, M. Gill, and A. Gimenez. "Pigments of Fungi. XXIV. New Trihydroxylated Tetrahydroanthraquinones From an Australian Fungus Belonging to the Genus Dermocybe." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 12 (1991): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9911729.
Full textAbstract:
The pigments (9)-(11), the first trihydroxylated tetrahydroanthraquinones from Basidiomycetes, are isolated from an Australian toadstool belonging to the genus Dermocybe and the structure and relative stereochemistry of each one is established by spectroscopy. The absolute stereochemistry of each pigment is determined by synthesis from dihydroxylated tetrahydroanthraquinones of known absolute configuration.
35
Jiao, Li Yong, Yu Bin Zheng, Ya Jun Liu, Xiao Min Ji, and Lin Lin Li. "Surface Modification of the Light-Storing Pigment by Titanate Coupling Agent and its Application on Print Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.708.
Full textAbstract:
A titanate coupling agent, TM-27, was used in surface modification of light-storing pigment to improve its compatibility and stability with the organic system. The surface characteristics of light-storing pigments were reflected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The result showed that the titanate coupling agent molecular formed a thin layer and binded strongly on the surface of pigments. The modification effect was evaluated on the basis of turbidity and by plotting the afterglow decay curve. The application of light-storing pigment in the printing ink system was also examined. When the dosage of titanate coupling agent was 1.5%, the viscosity of printing ink reached the lowest point. The subsidence rate was reduced from 0.8202 ml/h to 0.5821 ml/h. These results indicated that the modified light-storing pigment had better compatibility and stability with the organic system, and the surface modification did not affect the luminescence properties.
36
Köhler, J., A. M. van Oijen, M. Ketelaars, C. Hofmann, M. Matsushita, T. J. Aartsma, and J. Schmidt. "Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Photosynthetic Pigment Protein Complexes." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 28n30 (December 10, 2001): 3633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201008317.
Full textAbstract:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria convert solar energy into a form that can be used to sustain the life process. The light reactions occur in closely coupled pigment systems. The energy is absorbed by a network of antenna pigment proteins and efficiently transferred to the photochemical reaction centre where a charge separation takes place providing the free energy for subsequent chemical reactions. The total conversion process, starting with the absorption of a photon and ending with a stable charge separated state occurs within less than 50 ps and has an overall quantum yield of more than 90%. The success of this natural process is based on both the highly efficient absorption of photons by the light-harvesting antenna system and the rapid and efficient transfer of excitation energy to the reaction centre. It is known that most photosynthetic purple bacteria contain two types of antenna complexes, light-harvesting complex 1 (LH1) and light harvesting complex 2 (LH2) which both have a ring-like structure [1,2]. (Some bacterial species like Rhodopseudomonas acidophila contain a third light-harvesting complex termed B800-820.) The reaction centre (RC) presumably forms the core of the LH1 complex, while LH2 complexes are arranged around the perimeter of the LH1 ring in a two-dimensional structure. However the full three-dimensional structure of the whole photosynthetic unit is as yet unknown. The absorption of a photon (mainly) takes place in the LH2 pigments followed by a fast transfer of the excitation energy to the LH1 complex and subsequently to the reaction centre. It appears that the whole structure is highly optimized for capturing light energy and to funnel it to the reaction centre [3-7].
37
Zolriasatein, Ali A. "Effects of Ultraviolet Pretreatment on Pigment Printing of Cotton / Polyester Blend Fabric." Current Materials Science 12, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874464812666190722121702.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Pigments have become the largest colorant group for textile prints because pigment printing is the oldest and cheapest method. Binders are used to fix pigments to the fibers by adhesion. Pigment binders play a significant role in pigment printing because it encloses the pigment particles and adheres to the fiber. Objective: In this study, cotton/polyester blend fabrics were treated with ultraviolet light (UVB) at an air pressure of 1 atm to improve printability. Methods: To study the influence of pretreatment time, experiments were carried out at different exposure times. Untreated and UV treated fabrics were analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate changes in the chemical composition of fabrics. It was observed that carbonyl groups were formed on the surface of UV pretreated cotton fibers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the roughness and cracks on the treated fiber surface. Then, all UV treated and untreated fabrics were screen printed with different kinds of pigments. The color strength of the printed fabrics and fastness properties to washing and dry/wet rubbing were evaluated. Results: Experimental data showed that atmospheric UV pretreatment led to an increase in pigment uptake. Moreover, UV pretreated fabrics had better dry and wet rubbing fastness compared with untreated fabrics. Conclusion: The washing fastness of UV pretreated fabric showed no significant change and was comparable with that of untreated fabric. The loss in tensile strength of UV pretreated fabrics was greater than untreated samples.
38
Jehlička, Jan, Howell G. M. Edwards, Kateřina Osterrothová, Julie Novotná, Linda Nedbalová, Jiří Kopecký, Ivan Němec, and Aharon Oren. "Potential and limits of Raman spectroscopy for carotenoid detection in microorganisms: implications for astrobiology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2030 (December 13, 2014): 20140199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0199.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, it is demonstrated how Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect different carotenoids as possible biomarkers in various groups of microorganisms. The question which arose from previous studies concerns the level of unambiguity of discriminating carotenoids using common Raman microspectrometers. A series of laboratory-grown microorganisms of different taxonomic affiliation was investigated, such as halophilic heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, the anoxygenic phototrophs, the non-halophilic heterotrophs as well as eukaryotes (Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta). The data presented show that Raman spectroscopy is a suitable tool to assess the presence of carotenoids of these organisms in cultures. Comparison is made with the high-performance liquid chromatography approach of analysing pigments in extracts. Direct measurements on cultures provide fast and reliable identification of the pigments. Some of the carotenoids studied are proposed as tracers for halophiles, in contrast with others which can be considered as biomarkers of other genera. The limits of application of Raman spectroscopy are discussed for a few cases where the current Raman spectroscopic approach does not allow discriminating structurally very similar carotenoids. The database reported can be used for applications in geobiology and exobiology for the detection of pigment signals in natural settings.
39
Yongvanich, Niti, Kullada Supanichwatin, Jitat Penglan, and Narit Triamnak. "Synthesis and Characterizations of (CoxMg(2−x))SiO4 Forsterite Ceramic Pigments from Mirror Waste." Materials 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11071210.
Full textAbstract:
Ceramic pigments have been widely used in a variety of industries because of their excellent properties, such as high thermal stability, low-cost productions, and simple manufacturing processes. Re-use of mirror waste, which consists of silicon dioxide greater than 70%, is a method that can reduce raw materials cost. In this work, ceramic pigment with forsterite structure, Mg2SiO4, was synthesized via conventional solid state reaction by using mirror waste as a precursor. Solid solutions of Co-doped forsterite pigment, CoxMg(2−x)SiO4 where x = 0.02–1.6, were calcined at 1000 °C for 2 h. The calcined powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and color measurement (CIEL*a*b*). XRD results confirmed that forsterite phase was found as a main phase in the ceramic powder. However, the forsterite phase decreased with increased concentration of Co to x = 0.8–1.6. This could be because of the solubility limit of Co in solid solution. In addition, the use of mirror waste as a raw material was able to reduce calcination temperature compared to the use of oxide reagents. Color measurements or CIEL*a*b* color space of forsterite pigments were located in red-blue quadrant for Co-doped pigment.
40
Kim, Seon Hee, Jihye Lee, Yun Jung Jang, Kang-Bong Lee, and Yeonhee Lee. "ToF-SIMS and AFM Characterization of Brown Cosmetic Contact Lenses: From Structural Analysis to the Identification of Pigments." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6134627.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, soft contact lenses for vision correction and cosmetic and therapeutic purposes have been greatly improved. For cosmetic contact lenses, the pigments need to be nontoxic, and the position of the pigment layer is particularly important because of the risks posed by pigment elution and the roughness of the lens surface. In this paper, we characterized the properties of brown cosmetic contact lenses made by three different manufacturers using surface analytical techniques. The surface topographies of the noncolored and colored parts were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the position and composition of the pigment layer were determined by analyzing the cross section of the contact lenses using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The influence of pigment location on surface roughness was also examined. In addition, to find the method of the evaluation for the risk of surface elution of the pigments in the colored parts, the mass spectra and ion images of the surfaces were obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with a new sample preparation. From the ToF-SIMS spectra, we observed specific fragment ions of the poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) polymer and found differences in the composition of the pigment layer depending on the manufacturers. The cross-sectioned image and 3D chemical characterizations of metallic and specific ions in the brown cosmetic contact lenses clearly indicated the spatial distribution and location of the pigment layer that can be used for the evaluation of pigment elution.
41
Kuśmierek, Małgorzata, Bolesław Szadkowski, Przemysław Rybiński, Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska, Mirosława Prochoń, Bartłomiej Syrek, and Anna Marzec. "Investigation into the Effect of Spinel Pigments on the Photostability and Combustion Properties of Ethylene-Norbornene Copolymer." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 4050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14144050.
Full textAbstract:
Multicolor ethylene-norbornene (EN) composites filled with three different spinel pigments (Cobalt Green-PG50, Zinc Iron Yellow-PY 119, Praseodym Yellow-PY159) were prepared by melt mixing and characterized in terms of their stability under destructive environmental conditions. The EN films were subjected to accelerated aging by ultraviolet (UV) photooxidation for 300 h, 600 h, or 900 h. The mechanical performance of the EN composites was investigated in static and dynamic mechanical tests. The morphologies of the EN samples and their color changes during the aging process were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectrophotometric measurements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to determine the amount of carbonyl groups resulting from surface oxidation at different aging times. The effects of the spinel pigments on the thermal stability and combustion properties of the multicolor polymer composites were also assessed, and compared with a sample containing the organic Pigment Yellow 139 (PY139). The results show that the color changes (ΔE) in the spinel pigments were minor in comparison to those in the organic pigment (PY139) and the reference film. The Zinc Yellow (PY119) pigment was the most effective stabilizer of EN copolymer. Moreover, the spinel pigments had a positive effect on the flame retardancy of the EN composites. Microcombustion tests (MCC) showed that the incorporation of both the spinels and the organic pigment PY139 into the EN matrix reduced the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) parameters.
42
Milanez, K. W., N. C. Kuhnen, Humberto Gracher Riella, and C. T. Kniess. "Obtaining of the Ceramics Pigments (Fe, Zn)Cr2O4 Using Waste of Electroplating as Raw Material." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.654.
Full textAbstract:
The solid material from electroplating wastewater treatment was used as raw material in synthesis of ceramic pigments, once the formation of ZnCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 crystalline phases can be considered as a process of heavy metals inertization, such as chromium, zinc and iron. To reach the purpose of this paper, the techniques of elementary chemical analysis (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence, thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction were applied in samples of waste with the aim of physical and chemical characterization. After the characterization of residue were incorporate metallic oxides for correction of composition and obtaining of inorganic pigment. Pigment formation was followed through X-ray diffraction, where the formation of spinel phases containing the metals Fe, Cr and Zn were observed. The pigment was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. The 8 hours cycle calcinated pigments formed crystalline spinel phases, where we can say that the present metals in the sludge became inert. It was possible to incorporate up to 20% of the galvanic waste in the production of Fe, Cr and Zn based inorganic pigments.
43
Inberg, Alexandra, Dana Ashkenazi, Yishai Feldman, Omri Dvir, and Deborah Cvikel. "A Tale of Two Tiles: Characterization of Floor Tiles from the Nineteenth-Century Akko Tower Shipwreck (Israel)." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111091.
Full textAbstract:
Fragments of decorated floor tiles were retrieved from the Akko Tower shipwreck, Israel. Most tiles were made of bright brown fired clay with a white glaze decorated with colored stenciled motifs (Type A); and others consisted of a red-brown fired clay body, coated with a brown pigment covered with transparent brown glaze (Type B). This study aimed to characterize the two tile types; to reveal information concerning the manufacturing process; and to determine the origin of their raw material. A multidisciplinary approach was used, including light microscopy, SEM-EDS, electron probe microanalysis with wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EPMA-WDS), XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analyses. The characterization of both tile types demonstrated the use of different raw materials. The Type A tiles were covered with tin-opacified majolica glaze and colored with various mixtures of pigments. The blue color was due to pigment rich in cobalt; the yellow color was due to Naples yellow and lead-tin yellow I minerals; and the green, orange, and brown colors were all prepared by mixing the Naples yellow pigment with different minerals. These majolica glaze tiles were probably manufactured in Sicily. The brown coating of the Type B tiles was due to pigment rich in lead and iron minerals. These tiles were produced with different manufacturing processes, and apparently made in France.
44
Brémard, C., J. J. Girerd, P. Kowalewski, J. C. Merlin, and S. Moreau. "Spectroscopic Investigations of Malaria Pigment." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 11 (November 1993): 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934065975.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria pigment is generated during the growth of the intraerythrocytic parasite plasmodium. This compound is postulated as a product of haemoglobin degradation and consists of an unknown iron porphyrin compound and an apoprotein. We report here a new spectroscopic investigation on the porphyrin component of intact malaria pigment obtained from in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum without any previous chemical or biochemical treatment of the sample. We demonstrate the use of resonance Raman microspectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, and magnetic susceptibility measurements that show the iron porphyrin moiety of the malaria pigment to be a high-spin monomeric iron(III) protoporphyrin hydroxide.
45
Cristache, Raluca A., Ion Sandu, Viorica Vasilache, and Oana Cristache. "Study of Archeometric Characteristics of a Panel Painted Icon Form XIXth Century." Acta Chemica Iasi 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/achi-2013-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study presents a physicochemical analysis on the orthodox icon “The grieving Mother” from XIXth century. The icon is made by an anonymus painter, in tempera pigments, on a lime wood support, Tillia cordata. God’s Mother is represented from one side, only the bust, with the head down, framed by a white border. The predominant colors of the icon are ultramarine blue, ocher, red-brown, with silver leaf. The edges of the panel were painted with tempera pigments as the border. On the right edge an inscription in blue ink, can be seen, but is unreadable. The painting layer has gaps, fissures, detachments, dirt, degraded and scaly varnish. The panel is made from a single board, transversally cut, without crossbeams. The study is based on the identification of some archeometric characteristics of the wood panel and of the pigment layer. To determin painting materials and the conservation state, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Micro-FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were employed. Using this methods we identify the pigments used and the state of degradation of the panel. The FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the pigment layer contains schellac varnish, ultramarine blue and dust, a conclusion supported by SEM-EDX analysis.
46
Yan, M., D. Manor, G. Weng, H. Chao, L. Rothberg, T. M. Jedju, R. R. Alfano, and R. H. Callender. "Ultrafast spectroscopy of the visual pigment rhodopsin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 21 (November 1, 1991): 9809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.21.9809.
Full text
47
Faurel, Xavier, Anne Vanderperre, and Philippe Colomban. "Pink pigment optimization by resonance Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 34, no. 4 (2003): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.996.
Full text
48
Gruszecki, W. I., M. Zubik, R. Luchowski, W. Grudzinski, Z. Gryczynski, and I. Gryczynski. "Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complex LHCII." Acta Physica Polonica A 121, no. 2 (February 2012): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.121.397.
Full text
49
Abd El-Wahab, H., A. M. Hassan, A. M. Naser, O. A. Fouad, A. M. El-Din, and O. A. G. Wahba. "Preparation and evaluation of nanosized mixed calcium iron oxide (CaFe2O4) as high heat resistant pigment in paints." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2013-0114.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to prepare and evaluate a nanosized mixed calcium iron oxide as a high heat-resistant pigment. Heat-resistant pigments can be defined as chemical substances that impart color to a substrate or binder and retain their color and finish at elevated temperatures. Mixed metal oxides have been widely used as pigments in coating formulations. Design/methodology/approach – This work presents synthesis of nanosized calcium iron oxide as an inorganic pigment by using simple synthesis technique, namely, solid-state calcination method, to study its heat and corrosion resistance. The prepared pigment was characterized by using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductive coupling plasma. It was incorporated into paint formulations, and the heat, corrosion and mechanical resistance of dry paint film was evaluated. Findings – In this work, the prepared calcium iron oxide pigment showed excellent heat and corrosion resistance. Research limitations/implications – Heat-resistant coatings are required for industrial applications, mainly for reactors, exhaust pipes, space craft, stacks and similar equipments that are permanently and occasionally exposed to elevated temperatures. It was previously quite difficult to formulate heat-resistant organic coatings because of binder deficiencies; new vehicles for such applications are now available. Thus, the development of silicon resins has markedly advanced the utility of heat-resistant paints. High-temperature pigments are inorganic chemical compounds that impart and retain their color and finish to a substrate or binder at elevated temperatures. Practical implications – The nanosized mixed calcium iron oxide could be used as a pigment in paint formulations. It was found that it significantly enhances the heat, corrosion and mechanical resistance. It can also find numerous applications in other paint formulations for surface coating. Originality/value – The paper shows how the pigment consisting nanosized mixed calcium iron oxide could be used in heat-resistant paint formulations for coating metal surfaces.
50
Ortega-Lazcano, Jesús Benjamín, Demetrio Mendoza-Anaya, Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval, and Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo. "Study of Pigments from the Colonial Convent of Actopan, Hidalgo, Mexico." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080852.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to study blue, red, and ochre pigments from wall paintings of the 16th century colonial convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino in Actopan, Hidalgo, Mexico. In the blue pigments, nanometric fibers with a chemical composition of mostly O, Si, Al, and Mg were identified. XRD and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of palygorskite clay, which suggests that these analyzed blue pigments are similar to Mayan blue. In the red pigment, structures with different morphologies (spines and flake shapes, for instance), with a composition of C, O, Al, Si, S, Ca, Na, Mg, and K and a higher concentration of Fe and Pb, were observed. Complementary analysis showed that the red color originates from hematite and lead. Finally, the ochre pigment showed a significant presence of O and Fe, which was associated with the goethite mineral, while calcite was a crystalline phase identified in all analyzed pigments; these show that these pigments are characteristic of the known Mexican Colonial color palette.