Journal articles: 'Pignon fou'

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STEADMAN, DAVID W., and OONA M. TAKANO. "A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves, Columbidae) from the Kingdom of Tonga, with an evaluation of hindlimb osteology of columbids from Oceania." Zootaxa 4810, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.1.

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The region from New Guinea through Oceania sustains the world’s most diverse set of columbids. We describe osteological characters of the hindlimb (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) that divide the Papuan-Oceanic pigeons and doves into three groups based on functional morphology: “arboreal” (Hemiphaga, Ducula, Ptilinopus, Drepanoptila, Gymnophaps), “intermediate” (Columba, Macropygia, Reinwardtoena), and “terrestrial” (Gallicolumba [includes Alopecoenas], Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, Chalcophaps, Geopelia, Henicophaps, Caloenas, Didunculus, Otidiphaps). The arboreal and terrestrial groups are each distinctive osteologically, especially in the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, which are short relative to the femur in the arboreal group, and long relative to the femur in the terrestrial group. The intermediate pigeons are more similar to arboreal than to terrestrial pigeons, but nonetheless fit in neither group. To estimate the phylogenetic relationships among or within these three groups is somewhat tentative using hindlimb osteology alone, although all five genera of arboreal pigeons have independent molecular evidence of relatedness, as do most of the genera of terrestrial pigeons. Using the hindlimb and other osteological data as a framework, we describe a new extinct genus and species of pigeon, Tongoenas burleyi, from Holocene archaeological and Pleistocene paleontological sites on six islands (Foa, Lifuka, `Uiha, Ha`afeva, Tongatapu, and `Eua) in the Kingdom of Tonga. Tongoenas was a large-sized member of the “arboreal” pigeon group, with osteological characters that relate it to Ducula, Gymnophaps, and Hemiphaga (generally canopy frugivores) rather than with the “terrestrial” pigeons (more ground-dwelling and granivorous) such as Gallicolumba, Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, etc. (others listed above). Among volant columbids, living or extinct, only the species of Goura (from New Guinea) are larger than Tongoenas. From most of the same prehistoric sites, we also report new material of the nearly as large, extinct pigeon Ducula shutleri Worthy & Burley, recently described from islands in the Vava`u Group of Tonga. Thus, D. shutleri also was widespread in Tonga before human impact. The prehistoric anthropogenic loss in Tonga of Tongoenas burleyi, Ducula shutleri, and other columbids undoubtedly had a negative impact on the dispersal regimes of Tongan forest trees. At first human contact about 2850 years ago, at least nine species of columbids in six genera inhabited the Tongan islands, where only four species in three genera exist today.

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Bingman, V., S. Alyan, and S. Benvenuti. "The importance of atmospheric odours for the homing performance of pigeons in the sonoran desert of the southwestern united states." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.5.755.

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The importance of atmospheric odours for homing pigeon navigation in a desert environment was tested using birds from two lofts located in the Sonoran desert near Tucson, Arizona, USA. When released from a familiar training site, experienced control pigeons and pigeons given intranasal injections of zinc sulphate to produce anosmia both displayed good homeward orientation and homed rapidly. When released from two unfamiliar locations, in contrast, the controls continued to display good homing performance while the zinc-sulphate-treated pigeons homed poorly. Significant differences in vanishing bearings, homing time and homing success were recorded. When a group of control and a group of zinc-sulphate-treated inexperienced pigeons were released from two unfamiliar locations, both groups homed poorly. Nonetheless, the controls still outperformed the zinc-sulphate-treated birds, the most notable result being a significant difference in homing success. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of atmospheric odours for the operation of the navigational map of the homing pigeon in a desert environment and, together with previous experiments, demonstrate that the role of atmospheric odours in homing does not seem to vary in any salient way with ambient climatic conditions. <P>

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IOALE', PAOLO, and DANTE GUIDARINI. "Methods for Producing Disturbances in Pigeon Homing Behaviour by Oscillating Magnetic Fields." Journal of Experimental Biology 116, no. 1 (May 1, 1985): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116.1.109.

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Experiments were performed with homing pigeons treated before release with oscillating magnetic fields produced by small Helmholtz coils placed around the neck and on the head of the pigeon or by larger Helmholtz coils surrounding the cage of the birds. In both types of treatment, which both used a single frequency of about 0.14 Hz, the pigeons' initial orientation was strongly affected when the oscillation of the artificial magnetic field was square-shaped, whereas a triangular or sine-shaped variation had no effect.

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MCBURNEY, SCOTT, WHITNEY K. KELLY-CLARK, MARÍA J. FORZÁN, BECKI LAWSON, KEVIN M. TYLER, and SPENCER J. GREENWOOD. "Molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae isolates recovered from the Canadian Maritime provinces’ wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the European finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains." Parasitology 142, no. 8 (March 25, 2015): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000281.

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SUMMARYFinch trichomonosis, caused by Trichomonas gallinae, emerged in the Canadian Maritime provinces in 2007 and has since caused ongoing mortality in regional purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus) and American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) populations. Trichomonas gallinae was isolated from (1) finches and rock pigeons (Columbia livia) submitted for post-mortem or live-captured at bird feeding sites experiencing trichomonosis mortality; (2) bird seed at these same sites; and (3) rock pigeons live-captured at known roosts or humanely killed. Isolates were characterized using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and iron hydrogenase (Fe-hyd) gene sequences. Two distinct ITS types were found. Type A was identical to the UK finch epidemic strain and was isolated from finches and a rock pigeon with trichomonosis; apparently healthy rock pigeons and finches; and bird seed at an outbreak site. Type B was obtained from apparently healthy rock pigeons. Fe-hyd sequencing revealed six distinct subtypes. The predominant subtype in both finches and the rock pigeon with trichomonosis was identical to the UK finch epidemic strain A1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in Fe-hyd sequences suggest there is fine-scale variation amongst isolates and that finch trichomonosis emergence in this region may not have been caused by a single spill-over event.

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Rathgeber, Errin E., and Benjamin WC Rosser. "Increase in oxidative capacity of pigeon pectoralis muscle before and after fledging." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-120.

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Using the pectoralis muscle of the pigeon (Columba livia), we previously showed that at fledging, both fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fiber types retain a myosin isoform characteristic of the neonatal period, despite the birds being at adult body mass. Our aim here was to test the hypothesis that muscle fibers of the pigeon pectoralis increase their aerobic capacity both before and after fledging. Pigeons aged from 1 week after hatching through to adulthood were used. Adopting a microdensitometric technique from studies on mammalian muscle, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) within individual fibers was quantified as optical density and used as an index of aerobic capacity. We demonstrate a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.936) between optical density of FOG fibers and time exposed to the SDH incubation medium. Optical density of FG fibers, however, could not be discerned from background staining. SDH activity in FOG fibers increased logarithmically (r2 = 0.969) with the age of the birds, increasing 2.5-fold from 1 week through to adult. Thus, aerobic capacity did increase both before and after fledging. In addition, within FOG fibers, aerobic capacity and myosin content appear to have different timetables of development.

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Kösters. "Association of Pigeon Veterinarians: Preventive Medicine for Pigeons." AAV Today 2, no. 1 (1988): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30134134.

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Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Deirdre Sunderland, Ana M. Rule, Alexandre J. da Silva, Iaci N. S. Moura, Leena Tamang, Autumn S. Girouard, Kellogg J. Schwab, and Patrick N. Breysse. "Urban Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) as a Source for Air- and Waterborne Contamination with Enterocytozoon bieneusi Spores." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 13 (May 4, 2007): 4357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00202-07.

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ABSTRACT This study demonstrated that a person with 30 min of occupational or nonoccupational exposure to urban feral pigeons, such as exposure through the cleaning of surfaces contaminated with pigeon excrement, could inhale approximately 3.5 × 103 Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores and that 1.3 × 103 spores could be inhaled by a nearby person.

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Sun, Xiao-Xue, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Shu-Chuan Chu, Pei Hu, and Ai-Qing Tian. "A novel pigeon-inspired optimization with QUasi-Affine TRansformation evolutionary algorithm for DV-Hop in wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 6 (June 2020): 155014772093274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720932749.

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In modern times, swarm intelligence has played an increasingly important role in finding an optimal solution within a search range. This study comes up with a novel solution algorithm named QUasi-Affine TRansformation-Pigeon-Inspired Optimization Algorithm, which uses an evolutionary matrix in QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolutionary Algorithm for the Pigeon-Inspired Optimization Algorithm that was designed using the homing behavior of pigeon. We abstract the pigeons into particles of no quality and improve the learning strategy of the particles. Having different update strategies, the particles get more scientific movement and space exploration on account of adopting the matrix of the QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolutionary algorithm. It increases the versatility of the Pigeon-Inspired Optimization algorithm and makes the Pigeon-Inspired Optimization less simple. This new algorithm effectively improves the shortcoming that is liable to fall into local optimum. Under a number of benchmark functions, our algorithm exhibits good optimization performance. In wireless sensor networks, there are still some problems that need to be optimized, for example, the error of node positioning can be further reduced. Hence, we attempt to apply the proposed optimization algorithm in terms of positioning, that is, integrating the QUasi-Affine TRansformation-Pigeon-Inspired Optimization algorithm into the Distance Vector–Hop algorithm. Simultaneously, the algorithm verifies its optimization ability by node location. According to the experimental results, they demonstrate that it is more outstanding than the Pigeon-Inspired Optimization algorithm, the QUasi-Affine TRansformation Evolutionary algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Furthermore, this algorithm shows up minor errors and embodies a much more accurate location.

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Tian, Ai-Qing, Shu-Chuan Chu, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Huanqing Cui, and Wei-Min Zheng. "A Compact Pigeon-Inspired Optimization for Maximum Short-Term Generation Mode in Cascade Hydroelectric Power Station." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030767.

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Pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) is a new type of intelligent algorithm. It is proposed that the algorithm simulates the movement of pigeons going home. In this paper, a new pigeon herding algorithm called compact pigeon-inspired optimization (CPIO) is proposed. The challenging task for multiple algorithms is not only combining operations, but also constraining existing devices. The proposed algorithm aims to solve complex scientific and industrial problems with many data packets, including the use of classical optimization problems and the ability to find optimal solutions in many solution spaces with limited hardware resources. A real-valued prototype vector performs probability and statistical calculations, and then generates optimal candidate solutions for CPIO optimization algorithms. The CPIO algorithm was used to evaluate a variety of continuous multi-model functions and the largest model of hydropower short-term generation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is a more effective way to produce competitive results in the case of limited memory devices.

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Haque, Asim, and J. David Dickman. "Vestibular Gaze Stabilization: Different Behavioral Strategies for Arboreal and Terrestrial Avians." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 3 (March 2005): 1165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00966.2004.

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In birds, it is thought that head movements play a major role in the reflexive stabilization of gaze and vision. In this study, we investigated the contributions of the eye and head to gaze stabilization during rotations under both head-fixed [vestibuloocular (VOR)] and head-free conditions in two avian species: pigeons and quails. These two species differ both in ocular anatomy (the pigeon has 2 distinct foveal regions), as well as in behavioral repertoires. Pigeons are arboreal, fly extended distances, and can navigate. Quails are primarily engrossed in terrestrial niches and fly only short distances. Unlike the head-fixed VOR gains that were under-compensatory for both species, gaze gains under head-free conditions were completely compensatory at high frequencies. This compensation was achieved primarily with head movements in pigeons, but with combined head and eye-in-head contributions in the quail. In contrast, eye-in-head motion, which was significantly reduced for head-free compared with head-fixed conditions, contributed very little to overall gaze stability in pigeons. These results suggest that disparity between the stabilization strategies employed by these two birds may be attributed to differences in species-specific behavior and anatomy.

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Bereznicka, Anna, Krzysztof Mikolajczyk, Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus, Katarzyna Kapczynska, Edyta Majorczyk, Anna Modlinska, Tomasz Piasecki, Radoslaw Kaczmarek, and Marcin Czerwinski. "Two Paralogous Gb3/CD77 Synthases in Birds Show Different Preferences for Their Glycoprotein and Glycosphingolipid Substrates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189761.

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Most glycosyltransferases show remarkable gross and fine substrate specificity, which is reflected in the old one enzyme-one linkage paradigm. While human Gb3/CD77 synthase is a glycosyltransferase that synthesizes the Galα1→4Gal moiety mainly on glycosphingolipids, its pigeon homolog prefers glycoproteins as acceptors. In this study, we characterized two Gb3/CD77 synthase paralogs found in pigeons (Columba livia). We evaluated their specificities in transfected human teratocarcinoma 2102Ep cells by flow cytofluorometry, Western blotting, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry and metabolic labelling with 14C-galactose. We found that the previously described pigeon Gb3/CD77 synthase (called P) can use predominately glycoproteins as acceptors, while its paralog (called M), which we serendipitously discovered while conducting this study, efficiently synthesizes Galα1→4Gal caps on both glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. These two paralogs may underlie the difference in expression profiles of Galα1→4Gal-terminated glycoconjugates between neoavians and mammals.

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Marder, J., and I. Gavrieli-Levin. "The heat-acclimated pigeon: an ideal physiological model for a desert bird." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.952.

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Acclimation of rock pigeon (Columba livia) to high ambient temperature (Ta) 50 degrees C from the time of hatching resulted in a well-developed cutaneous evaporative cooling mechanism (CECM), which became the dominant mechanism for heat dissipation. After the age of 15 days and in adults, acclimated pigeons exposed to 48–60 degrees C Ta could regulate normal body temperature (Tb) without employing either panting or gular fluttering. Respiration rate varied between 36 +/- 12 (SD) and 35 +/- 14 breaths/min at moderate and at extreme high Ta's, respectively. During thermal stress (42, 45, and 47 degrees C) imposed in a metabolic chamber, nonpanting pigeons' heat balance was achieved by adjusting low-level heat production (46.2 +/- 6.8 W/m2) and by use of an efficient CECM that dissipated 145% of the metabolic heat. Tb was regulated between 40.7 +/- 0.5 and 41.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C over a wide range of Ta's (20–56 degrees C). The respiratory evaporative cooling mechanism (RECM) was effective since hatching. The CECM developed approximately 24 h later during the ontogeny of the altricial nestling pigeon. This trait, which exists in many bird species and may be a recent development, possibly evolved as an adaptation to hot environments. In the present study we have brought evidence for a multitrait physiological adaptation that takes preeminence in adjusting the processes involved in maintaining heat balance. This integrative complex creates a powerful, efficient tool for contending with the most extreme thermal conditions.

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DORNFELDT, K., and D. BILO. "Effects of Intranasal Application of the Local Anaesthetic Xylocaine on Vestibulo-, Opto-Collic and Postural Reflexes of the Head, and on Tonic Immobility in Homing Pigeons: Implications for Experiments on Pigeon Homing." Journal of Experimental Biology 149, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149.1.95.

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Spraying lidocaine (Xylocaine), a local anaesthetic, into the nasal cavity of homing pigeons is a technique widely used to study the role of olfaction in pigeon homing. Studies in the laboratory revealed that Xylocaine suppressed vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus, roughly for as long as it suppressed olfaction, interfered with control of the head posture when the body was tilted in the sagittal plane, and prolonged tonic immobility. Amplitude and duration of both optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus were affected to the same extent. The effects are most probably caused by the drug's rapid absorption via the mucous membranes in the nasal cavity and its transport in the blood to brain structures involved in integrating vestibular and visual inputs. The results provide room for nonolfactory explanations of the manifold effects on pigeon homing following administration of local anaesthetics to the nasal chambers.

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FARFÁN, MIGUEL ÁNGEL, JESÚS DUARTE, JOHN E. FA, RAIMUNDO REAL, and JUAN MARIO VARGAS. "Testing for errors in estimating bird mortality rates at wind farms and power lines." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 3 (January 9, 2017): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000460.

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SummaryWind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is increasingly common, and is expanding worldwide. Wind farms cause mortality of flying animals through collision with moving rotor blades, and from electrocution on associated power lines. Avian mortality rates have been estimated from birds collected under turbines over varying time intervals. However, without adequate and frequent monitoring, dead birds may be removed by scavengers and thus cause an underestimation of fatalities. In this paper, we tested experimentally for possible errors arising in avian mortality caused by the removal of carcasses by scavengers. At two different wind farms and associated power lines in southern Spain, we placed pigeon and quail carcasses to determine their disappearance rate. All dead pigeons were radio-tagged to estimate distances taken by scavengers. We found significant differences in carcass disappearance rates of pigeons and quails, and between wind farms and power lines but not between habitats. All quails and 45% of pigeon carcasses had disappeared by the third and fourteenth day, respectively. Less than half (40%) of the carcasses were found < 100 m from where they were deposited. While scavenging losses may vary according to the location of the wind farm or power line, here we propose a method to estimate correctly the number of fatalities at any wind farm and power line. Using this method, we can improve our understanding of the real impact of wind structures on adjacent bird communities, and adopt appropriate measures to ensure their conservation.

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Sultana, Rebeka, KHM Nazmul Hossain Nazir, Md Tanvir Rahman, Shamim Ara Nipa, Md Mizanur Rahman, Sabiha Sultana Soma, and Md Bahanur Rahman. "Isolation and molecular detection of Fowl pox and Pigeon pox viruses for the development of live attenuated vaccine seeds from the local isolates." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i2.41971.

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Avipox is a viral disease of fowl and pigeon which is characterized by proliferative and nodular lesions in the feather-free parts of the skin or fibro-necrotic and proliferating part in the mouth, esophagus, and mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. This investigation was carried out with an aim to isolate and molecular detection of Fowl pox virus (FPV) and Pigeon pox virus (PPV) for development of live attenuated vaccine seeds from the local virus isolates. In this study, nodular lesions were collected from seven pigeons and four chickens from different areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh which were affected by pox. Viral inoculums were prepared and DNA materials were extracted for PCR-based identification of P4b genes. Detection of virus was confirmed by PCR following propagation into 9-11 days old embryonated chicken egg (ECE) and also chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture All the field samples were found positive for FPV and PPV by PCRR. These field isolates were propagated and attenuated in duck embryo through CAM route and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell culture for the development of live attenuated vaccine seeds. Attenuation of both FPV and PPV were successful in duck embryo through CAM route and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell culture after serial six passages. Attenuation of the virus was confirmed by inoculation into experimental birds. Inoculation of attenuated FPV and PPV in chicken and pigeon respectively exhibited no pox lesions whereas control chicken and pigeon inoculated with field isolates develop nodular lesions. Both FPV and PPV were confirmed from both groups of birds by PCR. These attenuated local isolates of FPV and PPV could be used as potential vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of fowl pox and pigeon pox in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 211–219, June 2019

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Chang, Ching-Chi, Benji Brayan I. Silva, Huai-Ying Huang, Ching-Yi Tsai, Ronilo Jose D. Flores, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Yu-Chang Tyan, et al. "Development and Validation of KASP Assays for the Genotyping of Racing Performance-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pigeons." Genes 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091383.

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Pigeon racing’s recent upturn in popularity can be attributed in part to the huge prize money involved in these competitions. As such, methods to select pigeons with desirable genetic characteristics for racing or for selective breeding have also been gaining more interest. Polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for genotyping-specific genes is one of the most commonly used molecular techniques, which can be costly, laborious and time consuming. The present study reports the development of an alternative genotyping method that employs Kompetitive Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP) technology with specifically designed primers to detect previously reported racing performance-associated polymorphisms within the LDHA, MTYCB, and DRD4 genes. To validate, KASP assays and PCR-RFLP assays results from 107 samples genotyped for each of the genes were compared and the results showed perfect (100%) agreement of both methods. The developed KASP assays present an alternative rapid, reliable, and cost-effective method to identify polymorphisms in pigeons.

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Guilford, T., A. Gagliardo, J. Chappell, F. Bonadonna, T. Burt de Perera, and R. Holland. "Homing pigeons use olfactory cues for navigation in england." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 6 (March 15, 1998): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.6.895.

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Although the use of olfactory cues in pigeon navigation is well established, the generality of olfactory navigation remains uncertain because of apparent variability in results gained by different researchers in different regions. We report the results of the first experiments investigating the effect of anosmia on homing pigeons reared in a previously uninvestigated region, southern England. In series 1, experienced birds showed little effect of anosmia induced with zinc sulphate at unfamiliar sites 30 km and 39 km from the loft, but treated birds were significantly poorer than controls at homing from an unfamiliar site 66 km distant (and in pooled results). In series 2, naive (untrained) birds, both control and zinc-sulphate-treated, showed poor homing abilities and initial orientation from sites 25 km, 36 km and 39 km from the loft. Nevertheless, in pooled results, controls showed significantly better homeward orientation than anosmic birds and were significantly more likely to home on the day of release. The most likely explanation for our results is that pigeons are able to use olfactory navigation in southern England, but that for some reason the olfactory map is relatively weak.

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Galloway, Terry D., and Ricardo L. Palma. "Serendipity with chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting rock pigeons and mourning doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with new records for North America and Canada." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 2 (April 2008): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-041.

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AbstractAn extensive survey of chewing lice from rock pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin, and mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (L.), carried out from 1994 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2006 in Manitoba, Canada, produced the following new records: Colocerastovornikae Tendeiro for North America; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiellalata (Piaget), H. paladinella Hill and Tuff, and Physconelloides zenaidurae (McGregor) for Canada; and Bonomiella columbae Emerson, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola baculoides (Paine), and C. columbae (L.) for Manitoba. We collected 25 418 lice of four species (C. compar, C. columbae, H. lata, and C. tovornikae) from 322 rock pigeons. The overall prevalence of infestation was 78.9%, 52.5%, and 23.3% for C. compar, C. columbae, and H. lata, respectively. Coloceras tovornikae was not discovered until 2003, after which its prevalence was 39.9% on 114 pigeons. We collected 1116 lice of five species (P. zenaidurae, C. baculoides, C. macrourae, H. paladinella, and B. columbae) from 117 mourning doves. Physconelloides zenaidurae was encountered most often (prevalence was 36.7%), while the prevalence of the other four species was 26.3%, 18.4%, 3.5%, and 2.6%, respectively.

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Vyssotski, Alexei L., Andrei N. Serkov, Pavel M. Itskov, Giacomo Dell'Omo, Alexander V. Latanov, David P. Wolfer, and Hans-Peter Lipp. "Miniature Neurologgers for Flying Pigeons: Multichannel EEG and Action and Field Potentials in Combination With GPS Recording." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 2 (February 2006): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00879.2005.

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To study the neurophysiology of large-scale spatial cognition, we analyzed the neuronal activity of navigating homing pigeons. This is not possible using conventional radio-telemetry suitable for short distances only. Therefore we developed a miniaturized data logger (“neurologger”) that can be carried by a homing pigeon on its back, in conjunction with a micro-global position system (GPS) logger recording the spatial position of the bird. In its present state, the neurologger permits recording from up to eight single-ended or differential electrodes in a walking or flying pigeon. Inputs from eight independent channels are preamplified, band-pass filtered, and directed to an eight-channel, 10-bit analog-digital converter of the microcontroller storing data on a “Multimedia” or “Secure Digital” card. For electroencephalography (EEG), the logger permits simultaneous recordings of up to eight channels during maximally 47 h, depending on memory, while single unit activity from two channels can be stored over 9 h. The logger permits single unit separation from recorded multiunit signals. The neurologger with GPS represents a better alternative to telemetry that will eventually permit to record neuronal activity during cognitive and innate behavior of many species moving freely in their habitats but will also permit automated high-throughput screening of EEG in the laboratory.

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Shang, Junliang, Yiting Li, Yan Sun, Feng Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Jin-Xing Liu. "MOPIO: A Multi-Objective Pigeon-Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Community Detection." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010049.

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Community detection is a hot research direction of network science, which is of great importance to complex system analysis. Therefore, many community detection methods have been developed. Among them, evolutionary computation based ones with a single-objective function are promising in either benchmark or real data sets. However, they also encounter resolution limit problem in several scenarios. In this paper, a Multi-Objective Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (MOPIO) method is proposed for community detection with Negative Ratio Association (NRA) and Ratio Cut (RC) as its objective functions. In MOPIO, the genetic operator is used to redefine the representation and updating of pigeons. In each iteration, NRA and RC are calculated for each pigeon, and Pareto sorting scheme is utilized to judge non-dominated solutions for later crossover. A crossover strategy based on global and personal bests is designed, in which a compensation coefficient is developed to stably complete the work transition between the map and compass operator, and the landmark operator. When termination criteria were met, a leader selection strategy is employed to determine the final result from the optimal solution set. Comparison experiments of MOPIO, with MOPSO, MOGA-Net, Meme-Net and FN, are performed on real-world networks, and results indicate that MOPIO has better performance in terms of Normalized Mutual information and Adjusted Rand Index.

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Sun, Yongbin, and Haibin Duan. "Pigeon-inspired optimization and lateral inhibition for image matching of autonomous aerial refueling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 8 (March 9, 2017): 1571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017696110.

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Autonomous aerial refueling (AAR) is an essential application of unmanned aerial vehicles for both military and civilian domains. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) and lateral inhibition (LI), called LI-PIO, is proposed for image matching problem of AAR. LI is adopted for image pre-processing to enhance the edges and contrast of images. PIO, inspired from the homing characteristics of pigeons, is a novel bio-inspired swarm intelligence algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed algorithm, we make extensive comparative experiments with particle swarm optimization (PSO), particle swarm optimization based on lateral inhibition (LI-PSO), and PIO. It can be concluded from the experimental results that our proposed LI-PIO has excellent performances for image matching problem of AAR, especially in convergent rate and computation speed.

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Qiao, G., X. P. Wen, L. F. Yu, and X. B. Ji. "The enhancement of drought tolerance for pigeon pea inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 12 (December 1, 2011): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/116/2011-pse.

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  Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been rapidly grown in the drought-striken Karst regions of southwest China. Present research aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on the drought tolerance of pigeon pea, as well as to elucidate the physiological responses of AM-colonized seedlings to the water deficit. As subjected to drought stress, AM symbiosis (AMD) highly led to the positive effects on root system, plant height and stem diameter. AMD demonstrated a remarkably higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. The soluble sugar in AMD was significantly higher than that of the non-AM seedlings (NAMD), indicating the enhanced tolerance at least partially correlated with osmotic solute. Conversely, the proline (Pro) of AMD was lower, revealing the excessive Pro was not imperative for drought tolerance. After 30 days drought stress, AMD gave around a third less lipid peroxides than that of NAMD. Rather, the root activities of AMD were significantly higher than that of the latter after 10 days drought stress. Thereby, AM fungi might substantially elevate the tolerance to drought of pigeon pea, and the cumulative effects contributed to the enhanced tolerance. To date, this has been the first report concerning the enhancement of drought tolerance via AM colonization in this legume species.  

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Chen, Shanjun, and Haibin Duan. "Fast image matching via multi-scale Gaussian mutation pigeon-inspired optimization for low cost quadrotor." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 6 (October 2, 2017): 777–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2015-0020.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an improved optimization method for image matching problem, which is based on multi-scale Gaussian mutation pigeon-inspired optimization (MGMPIO) algorithm, with the objective of accomplishing the complicated image matching quickly. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid model of multi-scale Gaussian mutation (MGM) mechanism and pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm is established for image matching problem. The MGM mechanism is a nonlinear model, which can adjust the position of pigeons by mutation operation. In addition, the variable parameter (VP) mechanism is exploited to adjust the map and compass factor of the original PIO. Low-cost quadrotor, a type of electric multiple rotorcraft, is used as a carrier of binocular camera to obtain the images. Findings This work improved the PIO algorithm by modifying the search strategy and adding some limits, so that it can have better performance when applied to the image matching problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method demonstrates satisfying performance in convergence speed, robustness and stability. Practical implications The proposed MGMPIO algorithm can be easily applied to solve practical problems and accelerate convergence speed of the original PIO, and thus enhancing the speed of matching process, which will considerably increase the effectiveness of algorithm. Originality/value A hybrid model of the MGM mechanism and PIO algorithm is proposed for image matching problem. The VP mechanism and low-cost quadrotor is also utilized in image matching problem.

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Majili, Zahra Saidi, Cornelio Nyaruhucha, Kissa Kulwa, Khamaldin Mutabazi, Constance Rybak, and Stefan Sieber. "Preferences and Consumption of Pigeon Peas among Rural Households as Determinants for Developing Diversified Products for Sustainable Health." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156130.

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Pigeon peas are legumes with a high nutritional value. Existing studies of pigeon peas in Tanzania mainly examine production and marketing, but little has been documented with respect to consumer preferences and the consumption of pigeon peas. This study assesses the preferences surrounding pigeon peas and their consumption as bases for the development of diversified and shelf-stable products for nutrition and income improvement. This study comprised 303 randomly selected farming households. Furthermore, 60 farmers participated in six focus group discussions in the Lindi region. A structured questionnaire and a checklist with guided questions were provided for data collection. The analysis uses SPSS (V.21), with differences between groups established using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The associations were tested using Spearman’s ρ at p < 0.05. The mean pigeon peas consumption during the harvesting and lean seasons was 80 g/person/day and 18 g/person/day, respectively. The frequency of consumption was higher during the harvesting season (92%) than the lean (29%) season. The majority of farmers (91%) preferred to consume the local variety, with 84% of them consuming pigeon peas as stew. Five pigeon pea recipes exist in the area. The farmers identified availability, taste, source of income, and familiarity as the factors determining pigeon pea consumption and preferences. With limited recipes and other barriers limiting consumption, the creation of innovative ideas for the development of diversified and shelf-stable products fitting their consumption preferences is needed.

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Obasa, S. O., A. A. Dada, and W. O. Alegbeleye. "Evaluation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as a substitute for soya bean meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 30, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v30i2.1524.

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Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meal was substituted for soybean meal in the practical diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Six iso-nitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated in which heat-treated soybean meal was replaced at varying levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) with protein from pressure-cooked and sun dried pigeon meal (23% crude protein). Nile tilapia fed 60% pigeon pea meal had significantly (P<0.01) better growth response and nutrient utilisation. Growth was depressed in low pigeon pea fish and also in high (above 60%) pigeon pea diets. The poorest feed conversion ratio was observed from 100% pigeon pea fed fish.

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Nielsen, Kirsten, Anna L. De Obaldia, and Joseph Heitman. "Cryptococcus neoformans Mates on Pigeon Guano: Implications for the Realized Ecological Niche and Globalization." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 6 (April 20, 2007): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00097-07.

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ABSTRACT The ecological niche that a species can occupy is determined by its resource requirements and the physical conditions necessary for survival. The niche to which an organism is most highly adapted is the realized niche, whereas the complete range of habitats that an organism can occupy represents the fundamental niche. The growth and development of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii on pigeon guano were examined to determine whether these two species occupy the same or different ecological niches. C. neoformans is a cosmopolitan pathogenic yeast that infects predominantly immunocompromised individuals, exists in two varieties (grubii [serotype A] and neoformans [serotype D]), and is commonly isolated from pigeon guano worldwide. By contrast, C. gattii often infects immunocompetent individuals and is associated with geographically restricted environments, most notably, eucalyptus trees. Pigeon guano supported the growth of both species, and a brown pigment related to melanin, a key virulence factor, was produced. C. neoformans exhibited prolific mating on pigeon guano, whereas C. gattii did not. The observations that C. neoformans completes the life cycle on pigeon guano but that C. gattii does not indicates that pigeon guano could represent the realized ecological niche for C. neoformans. Because C. gattii grows on pigeon guano but cannot sexually reproduce, pigeon guano represents a fundamental but not a realized niche for C. gattii. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that an ancestral Cryptococcus strain gained the ability to sexually reproduce in pigeon guano and then swept the globe.

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Li, Siqi, and Yimin Deng. "Quantum-entanglement pigeon-inspired optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle path planning." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2018-0107.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for independent navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning with fast and stable performance, which is based on pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) and quantum entanglement (QE) theory. Design/methodology/approach A biomimetic swarm intelligent optimization of PIO is inspired by the natural behavior of homing pigeons. In this paper, the model of QEPIO is devised according to the merging optimization of basic PIO algorithm and dynamics of QE in a two-qubit XXZ Heisenberg System. Findings Comparative experimental results with genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and traditional PIO algorithm are given to show the convergence velocity and robustness of our proposed QEPIO algorithm. Practical implications The QEPIO algorithm hold broad adoption prospects because of no reliance on INS, both on military affairs and market place. Originality/value This research is adopted to solve path planning problems with a new aspect of quantum effect applied in parameters designing for the model with the respective of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning.

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Daum†, Iris, Tim Finsterbusch, Stefan Härtle, Thomas W. Göbel, Annette Mankertz, Rüdiger Korbel, and Christian Grund‡. "Cloning and expression of a truncated pigeon circovirus capsid protein suitable for antibody detection in infected pigeons." Avian Pathology 38, no. 2 (March 25, 2009): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079450902737797.

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Mawal, M. R., Y. R. Mawal, S. N. Ranadive, and P. K. Ranjekar. "A sensitive and rapid immunochemical method for quantitation of proteins." Bioscience Reports 8, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121640.

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A sensitive and rapid ELISA for quantitation of seed globulins is described. This method employs conjugation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) globulin antibodies and the enzyme peroxidase together with dextran. Using this conjugate, proteins as low as 0.1 ng were detected. Dextran conjugate has a ten-fold greater efficiency of quantitating pigeon pea globulins than the commercial goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate, and is three-fold more efficient than pigeon pea globulin IgG peroxidase conjugate. The method can be conveniently adapted for quantitation of other proteins also.

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Macphail, Euan M., Steve Reilly, and Mark Good. "Long-Term Memory of Pigeons for Stimulus-Outcome Associations Involving Multiple Stimuli, each Seen in a Single Brief Trial." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 45, no. 2b (August 1992): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401011.

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Experiment 1 explored performance of pigeons in two versions of a shortterm recognition memory procedure. In one version responding to entirely novel slides was rewarded, and responding to familiar slides (slides seen once, for 10 sec) was not rewarded; in the other version, responding to familiar slides was rewarded. Performance was initially below chance in both versions of the procedure. This result indicated that in this procedure associations were formed between the slides and the outcome (reward or non-reward) that followed their presentation. The result also suggested that the true capacity of pigeon recognition memory cannot be assessed using these procedures, as performance is inevitably disrupted by the bird's associative memory. The tendency of pigeons to form one-trial associations was exploited in Experiment 2. Phase 1 consisted of 16 two-session cycles: in Session 1 of each cycle, birds were shown 20 novel slides and were rewarded for responding to 10 of those slides; in Session 2, the same slides were shown again, with the same reinforcement contingencies. The birds showed significant overnight retention of the one-trial associations formed in Session 1 of each cycle. Phase 2 showed significant retention over periods of more than 20 days of associations involving 320 slides seen twice only. Phase 3 re-exposed for nine daily sessions one of the sets of 20 slides used in Phases 1 and 2; a high level of discrimination emerged rapidly and 4 (of 8) birds showed, by the end of training, no overlap in response rates to positive and negative slides. Comparative implications of the results are discussed.

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Tian, Ai-Qing, Shu-Chuan Chu, Jeng-Shyang Pan, and Yongquan Liang. "A Novel Pigeon-Inspired Optimization Based MPPT Technique for PV Systems." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030356.

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The conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method fails in partially shaded conditions, because multiple peaks may appear on the power–voltage characteristic curve. The Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (PIO) algorithm is a new type of meta-heuristic algorithm. Aiming at this situation, this paper proposes a new type of algorithm that combines a new pigeon population algorithm named Parallel and Compact Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (PCPIO) with MPPT, which can solve the problem that MPPT cannot reach the near global maximum power point. This hybrid algorithm is fast, stable, and capable of globally optimizing the maximum power point tracking algorithm. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the performance of two optimization techniques. The two algorithms are Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO) and improved pigeon algorithm. This paper first studies the mechanism of multi-peak output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays in complex environments, and then proposes a multi-peak MPPT algorithm based on a combination of an improved pigeon population algorithm and an incremental conductivity method. The improved pigeon algorithm is used to quickly locate near the maximum power point, and then the variable step size incremental method INC (incremental conductance) is used to accurately locate the maximum power point. A simulation was performed on Matlab/Simulink platform. The results prove that the method can achieve fast and accurate optimization under complex environmental conditions, effectively reduce power oscillations, enhance system stability, and achieve better control results.

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Rao, L. J., and B. N. Mittra. "Evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes for intercropping with two types of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 3 (December 1990): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075754.

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SUMMARYEight genotypes of groundnut and two of pigeon pea were evaluated in intercropping at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, during the monsoon and winter seasons in 1985 and 1986, to identify plant characters associated with high yield in intercropping. The pod yield of groundnut decreased when intercropped with pigeon pea, the extent of the decline differing with groundnut and pigeon pea genotypes. The reduction in groundnut pod yield and the degree and duration of shading was less when grown with pigeon pea type ICPL87 than with LRG30. During the monsoon, pod yield among intercropped groundnut genotypes ranged between 47% and 88% of their yields under monocropping because of differences in growth pattern and duration (90–125 days). The groundnut type most suitable for intercropping had early vigour, early maturity and high partitioning and pod growth rate. However, variation in pod yield among groundnut genotypes was not observed during the winter season because they showed less variation in duration and growth and there was less shading by the associated pigeon pea.

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Messana, Maria, J. Kösters, and Ch Grund. "Studies on reactivation and transmission of pigeon herpes virus (PHV) for raising PHV‐free pigeons(Columba livia dom.)." Avian Pathology 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459708419259.

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Waldvogel, J. A., and J. B. Phillips. "Olfactory cues perceived at the home loft are not essential for the formation of a navigational map in pigeons." Journal of Experimental Biology 155, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.155.1.643.

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Deflector lofts consist of a ‘pinwheel’ arrangement of four stationary deflector panels attached to the sides of a cube-shaped cage. These panels are made of wood and Plexiglas and rotate incoming winds in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. When released at a distant site, homing pigeons (Columbia livia) raised in deflector lofts exhibit a shift in orientation relative to controls which corresponds to the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of winds in their loft, suggesting the involvement of wind-borne olfactory cues in pigeon navigation. As part of a long-term study designed to test whether orientation cues other than odors might also be involved in creating the deflector-loft effect, we carried out experiments in upstate New York, USA, in which deflector lofts were modified to reverse the direction of light reflected from the Plexiglas panels while leaving the rotation of winds unchanged. The results indicate that the orientation of pigeons raised as permanent residents of these altered deflector lofts is not influenced by reflected light cues; i.e. they exhibit the same orientation bias as birds raised in the lofts with normal panels. This is in direct contrast to our previous findings that non-resident pigeons kept in the altered lofts for short periods exhibit a reversal of initial orientation compared to birds from the lofts with normal panels. However, when permanent-resident birds are prevented from having a direct view of the horizon sky by the addition of ‘anti-cheating’ slats (which prevent the birds from seeing beyond the end of each panel), the deflections are either greatly reduced or eliminated entirely, contrary to the predictions of olfactory navigation models. This disappearance of the deflector-loft effect in the presence of anti-cheating slats suggests that the positions of the deflector panels in the two experimental lofts must be differentially influencing important visual orientation cues reaching the birds housed inside. We believe that these cues are probably derived from polarized skylight emanating from the horizon, and that the obstruction of specific regions of horizon skylight by the deflector panels in the two experimental lofts is responsible for a miscalibration of the pigeon's sun compass. This miscalibration, in turn, generates the orientation bias observed for deflector-loft birds. Our findings force us to conclude that, at least for pigeons raised in New York (and perhaps those from other geographical locations as well), olfactory cues perceived at the home loft do not contribute to the formation of the navigational map.

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Nosanchuk, Joshua D., Joseph Rudolph, Angel L. Rosas, and Arturo Casadevall. "Evidence That Cryptococcus neoformans Is Melanized in Pigeon Excreta: Implications for Pathogenesis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 5477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5477-5479.1999.

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ABSTRACT Structures similar to the melanin “ghosts” of melanized cryptococcal cells were isolated from pigeon excreta contaminated withCryptococcus neoformans, and their growth in pigeon excreta supported melanization. The results suggest that environmental C. neoformans cells are melanized and imply that initial infection may involve exposure to melanized cells.

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Chevalier, Leandro Xavier Teixeira, Diego Silva Gomes, Antonio José Mayhé-Nunes, and Jarbas Marçal Queiroz. "Potencial de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) como Agentes Anti-herbívoros em Cultivo de Café (Coffea canephora Pierre) e Feijão Guandu [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp]." EntomoBrasilis 6, no. 2 (July 19, 2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i2.291.

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Este trabalho analisou a variação no potencial das formigas como agentes anti-herbívoros em plantas de café (Coffea canephora Pierre) e guandu [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp]. Foram usados ovos artificiais, simulando a presença de insetos herbívoros, e solução de açúcar, para aumentar a atividade de formigas, em experimentos de campo. As plantas de café e de guandu possuíam diferentes níveis de atividade de formigas, pois as últimas eram atacadas por membracídeos que atraíam mais formigas. A atividade das formigas foi monitorada após aplicação de solução de açúcar e a remoção de ovos artificiais foi medida após 24 e 48 horas. A solução de açúcar aumentou significativamente a atividade de formigas em plantas de café e de guandu. A remoção dos ovos artificiais foi significativamente maior em ramos com formigas do que sem formigas para as plantas de guandu. A adição de solução de açúcar aumentou a remoção de ovos artificiais em plantas de guandu, mas não em plantas de café. O tratamento com solução de açúcar e a presença de membracídeos em guandu tiveram efeitos similares sobre a atividade de formigas. Este estudo mostrou que a aplicação de solução de açúcar pode ser utilizada para simular a presença de membracídeos sobre as plantas, aumentando a atividade de formigas. Isso permitiu a avaliação de seu potencial como agentes anti-herbívoros, através de experimentos que simulam a presença de insetos sobre as plantas. Potential of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Anti-herbivore Agents in Cultivation of the Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp] Abstract. This study analyzed the role of ants as anti-herbivore agents in Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajans (L.) Millsp] plants in agroecosystem under organic management. In these plants we used artificial eggs and sugar solution in experiments that simulated the presence of herbivore insects. Coffee plants did not possess any natural attractive that could intensify foraging activity of ants, but pigeon pea plants were infested by treehoppers which attracted ants. Activity of ants was surveyed after sugar solution application and artificial eggs removal was measured 24 and 48 h after start of the experiments. Sugar solution sprinkled on plants foliage increased significantly the activity of ants on coffee and pigeon pea plants. The removal of artificial eggs was significantly greater in branch with ants than without ants for pigeon pea plants. The sugar solution addiction resulted in greater artificial eggs removal in pigeon pea plants, but not in coffee plants. The treatment with sugar solution and presence of treehoppers had similar effects on the activity of ants on the plants. This study showed that the application of sugar solution can be used to increase activity of ants on plants as well as the potential of ants as anti-herbivore agents can be evaluated in experiments that simulate the presence of insects on the plants.

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Garrido, Marlon da Silva, Ana Cristina Fechino Soares, João Luiz Coimbra, and Carla da Silva Sousa. "Management of crotalaria and pigeon pea for control of yam nematode diseases." Summa Phytopathologica 34, no. 3 (September 2008): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052008000300003.

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Management of plant-parasitic nematodes with the use of nematicides has not been recommended for small farmers that grow yam in the Northeastern region of Brazil, due to its high cost and residue toxicity. The use of plants with antagonistic effect to nematodes and green manure which improves soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics can be a viable and low cost alternative to control parasitic nematodes. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) plants on the control of yam nematodes. Three experiments were carried out. The first was conducted under in vitro conditions to evaluate the nematostatic and nematicide effect of extracts from fresh and dry matter of the above ground parts of crotalaria, pigeon pea, and the combination of both. The second experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of soil amendment with crotalaria, pigeon pea, and the combination of both in the infectivity of Scutellonema bradys, using tomato plants as the host plant. The third experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate the effect of crotalaria, pigeon pea, and the combination of both, cultivated between yam planting rows and incorporated to soil surface, on yam nematodes. The aqueous extract obtained form fresh matter of crotalaria had a nematicide effect of 100% for S. bradys. Extracts from dry matter of both crotalaria and pigeon pea did not have any nematicide effect, but had a nematostatic effect. Incorporation of crotalaria to soil inhibited infectivity of S. bradys in tomato seedlings. These results showed that planting crotalaria alone or in combination with pigeon pea, between the yam planting rows, is an efficient method for controlling S. bradys and Rotylenchulus reniformis associated with yams. Crotalaria can be used for controlling these plant-parasitic nematodes in soil.

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SANTOS, JULIANA FERNANDES DOS, CARLA DA SILVA SOUSA, ANA CRISTINA FERMINO SOARES, FRANCISCO DE SOUSA LIMA, and DIMMY HERLLEN SILVEIRA GOMES BARBOSA. "ACTINOBACTERIA AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE NEMATODE Scutellonema bradys IN YAM PLANTS." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n304rc.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro nematicidal effect of metabolites produced by actinobacteria strains, aqueous extracts from fresh and dry biomass of leguminous plants (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and Gliricidia sepium), liquid residue from sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) to control Scutellonema bradys. Strains of actinobacteria and leguminous plants (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and gliricidia) were evaluated against S. bradys in yam plants. Strains AC-92, AC-12, AC-50 and AC-52 showed nematicidal effect against S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The aqueous extracts from the fresh biomass of sunn hemp, gliricidia and pigeon pea are more efficient than the aqueous extracts of the dry biomass of these plants for control of S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The liquid residues from sisal and cassava, in concentrations above 20 %, also have nematicidal effect against S. bradys under in vitro conditions. The green manures (sunn hemp, pigeon pea and gliricídia) and actinobacteria strains, singly or in combination, are effective for the management of S. bradys in yam crop.

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Latunde-Dada, G. O., and R. J. Neale. "Pigeon (Columba L.) meat iron solubility and availability for absorption in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 2 (March 1986): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860047.

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1. The distribution of iron in 59Fe-labelled pigeon (Columba L.) leg and breast muscle and liver were determined by gel filtration. While the insoluble Fe was between 14 and 25% of the total Fe from the tissues, the haem-Fe represented 79.1% (breast) to 45% (liver) of the total Fe and ferritin was between 5.5% (breast) and 26.5% (liver) of the total Fe.2. The tissue haem-Fe concentration was found to be lower than that determined by gel filtration using the method of Schricker et al. (1982) for non-haem-Fe and obtaining haem-Fe by difference.3. A simulated in vitro digestion procedure showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced 59Fe solubility from 59Fe-labelled pigeon meat after cooking at 90° for 30 min.4. 59Fe absorption from whole pigeon meat and soluble extract was significantly reduced by cooking when given to Fe-replete rats. Cooking liver, however, slightly improved 59Fe absorption in Fe-replete rats.5.59Fe absorption from the separated pigeon-meat fractions (haemoproteins, ferritin and haemosiderin) was variable but considerably lower than that from whole meat.6. The relative distribution of Fe compounds in meat, the processing conditions they are subjected to and the protein content and composition may all influence the absorption of meat-Fe to some degree.

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Hodos, W., B. B. Bessette, K. A. Macko, and S. R. B. Weiss. "Normative data for pigeon vision." Vision Research 25, no. 10 (January 1985): 1525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90231-7.

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Schwarz, M., Ch Grund, and J. P. Teifke. "HALO™-next generation image analysis for quantization of interstitial nephritis in pigeons after experimental infection with pigeon paramyxovirus-1." Journal of Comparative Pathology 152, no. 1 (January 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.079.

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MARRERO, PATRICIA, PAULO OLIVEIRA, and MANUEL NOGALES. "Diet of the endemic Madeira Laurel Pigeon Columba trocaz in agricultural and forest areas: implications for conservation." Bird Conservation International 14, no. 3 (July 2004): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270904000218.

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The diet of the endemic Madeira Laurel Pigeon Columba trocaz in agricultural and forest areas of Madeira Island was studied in 1997 by means of microhistological analysis of 157 faecal samples, 94 from two of the main agricultural zones and 63 from a laurel forest. Cabbage was the most important component of the diet in agricultural areas, representing more than 54% of the optical fields analysed. Samples collected further from the forest contained a higher proportion of cabbage. Native fruits did not figure highly in the samples collected from agricultural areas and crop plants did not appear in the forest samples, suggesting a degree of dietary separation and that some individuals may concentrate on crops. Madeira Laurel Pigeon is normally a highly frugivorous species and fruit availability is relatively high in winter when the birds go to agricultural areas to feed. This suggests that it is not a shortage of natural foods that causes them to leave the forest. The unpopularity of the pigeon as a result of its pest status is the main threat to its existence. More information on the seasonal physiological requirements of Madeira Laurel Pigeon and the pattern of individual use of crops is needed to ensure the future conservation of this species.

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Cai, Ji Chen, Jian Jun Zhou, Xiu Wang, and Zhao Qin Lv. "Automated Feeding System for Meat Pigeon Based on STM32." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1469.

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In order to solve the problems of high feeding waste rate and low automated level which exist in the traditional feeding way, an automated feeding system for meat pigeon based on STM32 was designed. The system is suitable for three ladder cages. The modular design was utilized for the control system with STM32 being the control component, travel switch being the position detecting component and step motor being the dynamic component. The stroke control such as moving, stop and reversing was realized in automated feeding process, and meanwhile, the accuracy of the stroke control was ensured. The system is applicable to factory farming for meat pigeon with good stability.

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Andrés, Carmen. "Sensory evaluation for consumer acceptance testing of Sabalito pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) stew in Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2013): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v5i2.261.

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The pigeon pea is widespread in Latin America, Asia and Africa and exported to the USA and Europe. Pigeon pea is a nitrogen fixer, has high nutritional value and protects water basins. There are four main varieties that grow in San Carlos, Costa Rica: Catie, Sabalito, Folk and Panama. A sensory evaluation for consumer acceptance testing was done with 33 consumers, using a 9-point hedonic scale (overall likability to extreme dislikability) to determine the level of acceptance of a Sabalito pigeon pea ham and potato crockpot stew. Acceptance was: Overall likability 27,3% of consumers, high 45,5%, moderate 24,3% and slight 3,03%. Consumers who liked condiment content also liked the appearance of the produce and those who liked the salt content, also liked the condiment content (Spearman correlation). Consumers’ grades were divided in two groups through a cluster analysis (8,13 and 6,89). Overall acceptance was high (72,7%) and I recommend pilot plant tests, and physical, chemical and more sensorial analyses before launching the product to the Costa Rican market.KEY WORDSPigeon pea, Cajanus cajan, consumer acceptance, sensory evaluation, hedonic scale.

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Manoo-Rahming, Lelawattee. "Sonnet For The White-Crowned Pigeon." Anthurium A Caribbean Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33596/anth.184.

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Indrajaya, Yonky. "The Business Analysis of Acacia auriculiformis Agroforestry in Batulanteh Forest Management Unit, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara." Jurnal Wasian 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v8i1.5573.

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The utilization of land together between trees and crops is one of the strategies in land rehabilitation program in Indonesia. High pressure from people living surrounding the forest land required the forest managers to invite more participation from the people in managing the forest land. Agroforestry pattern with certain tree species chosen by forest managers together with certain crops preferred by the communities may become the solution for all stakeholders’ interests in a high-pressured forest area. One of the considerations in agroforestry development is economic aspect. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of agroforestry pattern auri (Acacia auriculiformis) and peanut, pigeon pea, and corn in Batulanteh forest management unit (FMU) in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. The feasibility assessment criteria used in this study were Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). The result of this study showed that agroforestry pattern of auri with paddy, peanut, pigeon pea and corn is financially feasible with the NPV, IRR and BCR values are IDR14.607.837.-, 53 % and 1.51 respectively.

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Câmara, Tassiano Maxwell Marinho, and Rodolfo Godoy. "DESEMPENHO DE GUANDU ASSOCIADO À SUBSOLAGEM QUANTO À PRODUÇÃO DE FITOMASSA E DESCOMPACTAÇÃO DE SOLO." Nativa 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i4.6574.

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O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produção de fitomassa aérea e de raízes de genótipos de guandu cultivados com e sem subsolagem e o efeito dessas práticas na descompactação de um latossolo amarelo distrocoeso típico de Tabuleiro Costeiro em Alagoas. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelo tipo de preparo de solo (com ou sem subsolagem), as subparcelas compostas de diferentes cultivares de guandu (Fava Larga, BRS Mandarim e linhagens g5-94 e g8-95) e pousio, e as subsubparcelas por diferentes profundidades do perfil de solo (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm). Os resultados constataram que as raízes das plantas de cobertura concentraram-se nos primeiros 20 cm de solo. A subsolagem não influenciou a produção de biomassa aérea, mas a produção de raízes foi, em média, menor com a subsolagem. Decorridos oito meses do plantio não foram observados efeitos significativos da subsolagem e do cultivo do guandu, isolados ou em associação, quanto à resistência do solo à penetração. Dentre os genótipos avaliados, BRS Mandarim e Fava Larga apresentam maior potencial para uso como planta de cobertura nas condições locais.Palavras-chave: adubação verde; compactação do solo; leguminosas; penetrômetro de impacto. PIGEON PEA’S PERFORMANCE ASSOCIATED TO SUBSOILING FOR PHYTOMASS PRODUCTION AND SOIL DECOMPRESSION ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the aereal and roots phytomass production of pigeon pea genotypes of farmed with and without subsoiling and the effect of these practices on the decompression of a yellow dystrophic latosol typical of the Coastal Tableland in Alagoas. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design in a split plots scheme with three replications. The plots was constituted by the type of preparation soil (with and without subsoiling), the subplots was composed by different pigeon pea cultivars (Fava Larga, BRS Mandarim and lineages g5-94 and g8-95) and fallow, and sub-subplots by soil profile depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm). The results showed that the roots of the cover plants were concentrated in the first 20 cm of soil. Subsoiling did not influence aerial biomass production, but root production was, on average, smaller with subsoiling. After eight months of planting, no significant effects on soil resistance to penetration were observed with subsoiling and pigeon cultivation, isolated or in association. Among the evaluated genotypes, BRS Mandarim and Fava Larga present better potential for use as a cover crop under local conditions.Keywords: green manure; soil compaction; leguminous plant; impact penetrometer.

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Bolaji, Asaju La’aro, Friday Zinzendoff Okwonu, Peter Bamidele Shola, Babatunde Sulaiman Balogun, and Obinna Damian Adubisi. "A Modified Binary Pigeon-Inspired Algorithm for Solving the Multi-dimensional Knapsack Problem." Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0450.

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AbstractThe pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm is a category of a newly proposed swarm intelligence-based algorithm that belongs to the population-based solution technique. The MKP is a class of complex optimization problems that have many practical applications in the fields of engineering and sciences. Due to the practical applications of MKP, numerous algorithmic-based methods like local search and population-based search algorithms have been proposed to solve the MKP in the past few decades. This paper proposes a modified binary pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm named (Modified-BPIO) for the 0 - 1 multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP). The utilization of the binary pigeon-inspired optimization (BPIO) for solving the multidimensional knapsack problem came with huge success. However, it can be observed that the BPIO converges prematurely due to lost diversity during the search activities. Given the above, the crossover operator is integrated with the landmark component of the BPIO to improve the diversity of the solution space. The MKP benchmarks from the Operations Research (OR) library are utilized to test the performance of the proposed binary method. Experimentally, it is concluded that the proposed Modified-BPIO has a better performance when compared with the BPIO and existing state-of-the-arts that worked on the same MKP benchmarks.

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Wittmann, Rainer. "Coefficient inequalities for analytic functions in H1." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 120, no. 2 (August 1996): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100074880.

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MacConnachie, Margaret, Michel Lapointe, Eduardo Galiano, and Diane Beauchemin. "Developing a method for the determination of sulphur and other elements in avian bone and slag using ETV-ICPOES." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 11 (2020): 2487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00288g.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pignon fou'

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