Dissertations / Theses: 'Pigs - Food and feed'

1

Kyriazakis, I. "Growth, feed intake and diet selection in pigs : theory and experiments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28387.

Full text

Abstract:

A theory of growth and feed intake in the pig is proposed and the results of five experiments to test it are reported here. An attempt is first made to describe the potential growth in pigs, that is, growth under non-limiting conditions; the conditions needed to allow potential growth to be retained are then considered. Two ways of providing non-limiting feeding conditions are discussed: a single balanced feed and a set of feeds given as a choice. In addition, a model which predicts the voluntary feed intake of pigs is also developed and tested in experiments. The results from pigs offered single feeds in the first two experiments were consistent with the predictions of the model, which were that the rate of feed intake would increase as the protein content of the feeds was decreased. The size of the increase depended on the ability of the pig to lose heat. In these experiments, when pigs were offered a pair of feeds as a choice, a combination of which was non-limiting, the results suggested that this method cannot be successfully used to attain the potential growth of pigs. The diet selection results were characterised by a considerable variation in the diets selected by individual pigs, and only some pigs achieved what was estimated to be their potential rate of growth. It was suggested that pigs which failed to select a non-limiting diet did not have the necessary chance to choose. Experiment 3 evaluated a simple method of ensuring that pigs are given both the necessary choice, and the chance to choose. This was achieved by giving them the opportunity to sample the single feeds, which were to be offered as a choice, alone on alternate days for a short period of six days. Subsequently, pigs given a choice between two feeds were able to select a non-limiting diet. Experiment 4 incorporated the method established previously and consisted of a severe investigation into the rules of diet selection. It was concluded that pigs are able to avoid excess of nutrient, in this case protein, intake or to select the best possible diet in less favourable conditions, ie. a choice between two limiting feeds. The last experiment consisted of an extended test of the theory that a pig will select a diet which is a reflection of its degree of maturity, state and sex. Pigs made fat and delayed in growth in one period were subsequently given the opportunity to recover on a pair of feeds offered as a choice. The diets selected by the fat pigs satisfied their requirements for compensatory protein gain allowing only a slow rate of lipid gain. In addition, they met the different growth and fattening requirements by the two sexes. All these findings are discussed in relation to the use of choice-feeding as an independent test of other estimates of resource requirements, as a feeding technique when the potential growth of pigs is to be observed and as a help in predicting the feeding behaviour in pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Morrow, Alan Thomas Samuel. "Studies on voluntary feed intake of growing pigs with reference to behaviour and efficiency of food utilization." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333822.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Whittemore, Emma Christine. "The control and prediction of the voluntary food intake of pigs fed poor quality foods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27653.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate, in a series of four experiments, the factors that are important for the control and prediction of die voluntary food intake of growing pigs fed poor quality foods. The aim of experiments 1 and 2 was to provide a severe test of two current conceptual frameworks available for die understanding and prediction of food intake. Framework 1 assumes that intake will be that which allows genetic performance to be achieved. If this is not achieved then it is assumed to be because mere is a constraint to food intake (e.g. the bulk content of the food) operating. Framework 2 sees intake as being a consequence of a process of optimisation, such that biological efficiency (rate of net energy ingested per litre of oxygen consumed) is maximised. The experiments tested areas where the frameworks differed in their predictions of intake on poor quality foods. Experiment 1 tested the effect of ambient temperature on die intake of foods of differing bulk content, experiment 2 tested the effect of a period of reduced growth on die subsequent intake of foods of differing bulk content. The results of both experiments were in closer agreement with the predictions of framework 1. It was concluded that die results provided no evidence that the idea that intake on poor quality foods in young growing pigs is constrained by gut capacity should be rejected. Experiment 3 investigated die effect of giving foods of differing bulk content on die short term feeding behaviour (STFB) of growing pigs. It was expected that differences in bulk content between die foods would result in different levels of intake mat would be reflected as differences in STFB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pajor, Edmond A. "The correlates of individual variation in the ontogeny of solid food consumption in pigs /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60111.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to describe the ontogeny of solid food consumption by pigs and determine its influence on weight gain, before and after an abrupt weaning at 4 weeks of age, individual feed consumption was measured using a technique that combined load cells and video images. Feed consumption varied greatly both between and within litters. Within litters, consumption was positively correlated with birth weight, and with early weight gains. This suggests that greater feed intake was typical of larger and more mature pigs rather than reflecting compensation for poor milk intake by smaller litter-mates. Within-litter differences in weight gain during the two weeks after weaning were positively correlated with birth weight but not correlated with pre-weaning creep feed intake. Creep feed intake appeared to contribute to pre-weaning gains and these were correlated with post-weaning gains; however a more direct affect on post-weaning gain could not be detected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jonsäll, Anette. "Sensory quality of pork : Influences of rearing system, feed, genotype, and sex." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Domestic Sciences, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-517.

Full text

Abstract:

Hampshire crosses of different genotype and sex were used to investigate the effects of rearing system, feed and handling on sensory quality, consumer preference and cooking loss. A selected and trained panel carried out descriptive tests. Two preference tests were carrieout by, in each case, 200 consumers.

The genotype had a major effect on sensory quality in all four studies irrespective of rearing system, feed and sex. In three of the four studies pork from RN¯ carriers scored higher for juicines, tenderness, acidulous taste and meat taste intensity.

Sex showed contradictory effects on sensory quality, while rearing system and feed had minor effects on sensory properties of pork.

Hams (M. biceps femoris) from pigs reared outdoors scored lower for juiciness and acidulous taste than hams from pigs reared indoors. Loins from pigs organically reared (KRAV) scored lower for juiciness and higher for crumbliness than ones from pigs conventionallreared.

Loins (M. longissimus dorsi) aged four days from conventionally fed pigs were juicier than ones from silage-fed pigs. When loins were aged eight days there was no difference in juicines while acidulous taste became weaker and tenderness and meat taste intensity increased.

In the case of loins stored frozen one year, those from silage-fed pigs scored higher for acidulous taste and off-flavour than those from conventionally fed pigs.

Cooking, thawing and total loss data showed minor and contradictory differences between genotypes, sexes, rearing systems and feeding regimes.

Organically and conventionally produced loins were equally liked and loins from RN¯ carrier pigs were preferred to loins from non-carriers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chadd, Stephen Andrew. "Voluntary feed intake of hybrid pigs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254507.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Thomas, Amanda Shaw. "An Assessment of Two Feed Additives to Improve Feed Utilization in Pigs." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/39.

Full text

Abstract:

Three experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of including selected feed additives in the diet of weaning and grow-finish pigs. Experiment 1 utilized 24 crossbred grow-finish pigs and measured the effect of added EHY on DM, N, and energy digestibility. There were no differences in DM, Energy, and N digestibility between diets 1 through 4. Experiment 2 utilized a total of 36 crossbred pigs [18 barrows, 18 gilts] in order to determine if preference would be shown when presented with naturally-contaminated corn. There were three dietary comparisons, Control vs Diet 2 (Comparison 1), Control vs Diet 4 (Comparison 2), and Diet 2 vs Diet 4 (Comparison 3). A preference was shown for the control diet over Diet 2, as well as for the control diet over Diet 4. Experiment 3 utilized a total of 24 crossbred pigs [12 barrows, 12 gilts] in order to measure the effect of contaminated corn on performance and DM, energy, and N digestibility. DM, energy, and N digestibility were affected by corn quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Groesbeck, Crystal Noel. "The effect of feed ingredients on feed manufacturing and growth performance of pigs." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/523.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

McCracken, Robert James. "A study of furazolidone residues in pigs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Baffa, Danielle Ferreira. "Cromo levedura e ractopamina em dietas para suínos em terminação." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5821.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 778375 bytes, checksum: 97156e3e6f5b7ceee5985d54b84d365c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-23
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
To evaluate the effect of chromium yeast (CY) and ractopamine (RAC) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood, an experiment was conducted with 96 commercial castrated crossbred pigs with an average initial body weight of 75.07 ± 3.9 kg. Animals were distributed in a randomized-block experimental design with six treatments, eight blocks and two animals per stall. The treatments consisted of feeding plans (FP) in two phases: from 0 to 14 days; and from 14 to 42 days of age, respectively, composed of diets: Control/Control (CD/CD); Chromium yeast/Amino acids (CY/AA); Chromium yeast/Amino acids + Ractopamine (CY/AA+RAC); Control /Chromium yeast (CD/CY); Control/Amino acids + Chromium Yeast (CD/AA+CY); and Chromium Yeast/Amino Acids + Ractopamine + Chromium Yeast (CY/AA+RAC/CY). The greatest final weight and daily weight gain (P<0.0001) were observed in the animals subjected to CY/AA+RAC+CY. Feeding plan CY/AA+RAC provided an intermediate final weight and daily weight gain, similar to those obtained with the use of CY/AA+RAC+CY, CD/CD, CY/AA and CD/CY, but greater than CD/AA+CY. The pigs fed CY/AA+RAC+CY showed a greater fasted body weight (FW) (P<0.0001) as compared with CD/CD, CY/AA, CD/CY and CD/AA+CY. Feeding plan CY/AA+RAC provided an intermediate FW, similar to that obtained with the use of CY/AA+RAC+CY, CD/CD, CY/AA, but greater than CD/AA+CY. The evaluated FP did not influence (P>0.05) daily feed intake. The best feed-conversion results (P<0.0001) were obtained with CY/AA+RAC+CY and CY/AA+RAC. A larger loin-eye area was found in pigs subjected to CY/AA+RAC as compared with the use of CD/CY. The greatest muscle fiber diameter (P<0.011) was found in the pigs subjected to CY/AA+RAC+CY and CD/CY, which were higher than the group fed CD/CD. The liquid loss due to thawing determined in the meat of the pigs subjected to CD/CD was lower (P<0.009) than that observed with the use of CY/AA+RAC. A higher value of Cie a* was determined in the meat of the animals subjected to CY/AA+RAC as compared with CY/AA+ RAC+ CY. The pigs fed CY/AA+ RAC+ CY had a brighter meat than the other animals. The lowest TBARS concentration (P<.001) was observed in the meat of pigs subjected to CY/AA+RAC in relation to the group that consumed CY/AA. A greater concentration of myristic fatty acid (FA) (14:0) was found in the groups that received CY/AA+RAC as compared with the group fed CY/AA+RAC+CY. The pigs that received the FP with CY/AA+RAC+CY and CD/CY displayed greater levels of linoleic FA (18:2n6) in the longissimus dorsi muscle, as compared with the pigs fed CY/AA. The feeding plans did not affect the evaluated blood parameters (P>0.05). The use of chromium yeast and ractopamine or alone promoted positive alterations in the development of muscle cells in the pigs and in the meat quality, which should be considered when this mineral is used. The association of chromium yeast with ractopamine revealed improvements in the animal performance.
Para avaliar o efeito do cromo levedura (CrL) e ractopamina (RAC) em rações sobre o desempenho, características da carcaça, qualidade de carne e variáveis sanguíneas, foi realizado um experimento com 96 suínos machos castrados híbridos comerciais com peso corporal médio inicial de 75,07 ± 3,9 kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos, oito blocos e dois animais por baia. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de planos nutricionais (PN) em dois períodos consecutivos: período 1 de 0 a 14 dias e o período 2 de 14 a 42 dias, respectivamente, compostos pelas rações: Controle/Ração Controle (RC/RC); Cromo levedura/Aminoácidos (CrL/AA); Cromo Levedura/Aminoácidos + Ractopamina (CrL/AA+RAC); Controle/Cromo Levedura (RC/CrL); Ração Controle/Aminoácidos + Cromo Levedura (RC/AA+CrL) e Cromo Levedura/Aminoácidos+Ractopamina+Cromo Levedura (CrL/AA+RAC+CrL). Maior peso final (PF) e ganho de peso diário (GPD) (P<0,001) foi observado para os suínos submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+RAC+CrL. O PN CrL/AA+RAC proporcionou PF e GPD intermediário, semelhante aos obtidos com o uso de CrL/AA+RAC+CrL, RC/RC, CrL/AA e RC/CrL e superior ao PN RC/AA+CrL. Os suínos alimentados com o PN CrL/AA+RAC+CrL apresentaram maior peso de jejum (PJ) (P<0,0001) quando comparados aos PN RC/RC, CrL/AA, RC/CrL e RC/AA+CrL. O PN CrL/AA+RAC promoveu PJ intermediário, semelhante ao obtido com o uso de CrL/AA+RAC+CrL, RC/RC, CrL/AA e superior ao RC/AA+CrL. Os PN avaliados não influenciaram (P > 0,05) o consumo diário de ração. Os melhores resultados de conversão alimentar (P<0,001) foram obtidos com os PN CrL/AA+RAC+CrL e CrL/AA+RAC. Maior área de olho de lombo foi determinada nos suínos submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+RAC quando comparado a utilização de RC/CrL. Maior diâmetro da fibra muscular (P<0,011) foi verificado nos suínos submetidos aos PN CrL/AA+RAC+CrL e RC/CrL sendo estes superiores ao grupo consumindo RC/RC. A perda líquida por descongelamento determinada na carne dos suínos submetidos ao PN RC/RC foi inferior (P<0,009) a obtida com o uso do PN CrL/AA+RAC. Maior valor Cie a* foi determinado na carne dos animais submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+RAC quando comparado ao PN CrL/AA+ RAC+ CrL. Os suínos submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+ RAC+ CrL apresentaram maior tonalidade na carne frente aos demais animais. Menor concentração de TBARS (P<0,001) foi verificada na carne dos suínos submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+RAC frente ao grupo consumindo ração CrL/AA. Maior teor de ácido graxo (AG) mirístico (14:0) foi verificado para os suínos submetidos ao PN CrL/AA+RAC quando comparado ao grupo CrL/AA+RAC+CrL. Os suínos que receberam os PN com CrL/AA+RAC+CrL e RC/CrL apresentaram maior concentração de AG linolêico (18:2n6) no músculo Longissimus dorsi, frente aos suínos do PN CrL/AA. Os PN não influenciaram as variáveis sanguíneas avaliadas (P>0,05). O uso de cromo levedura e ractopamina promoveram alterações positivas sobre o desenvolvimento de células musculares nos suínos e na qualidade da carne que devem ser consideradas quando da utilização do mineral e o uso em associação a ractopamina revelou melhorias sobre o desempenho dos animais.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wan, Yonghong 1966. "Metabolic effects of zeolite as natural feed supplement for grower pigs." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84085.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid growth of Canadian pork industry has been challenged by its negative impact on the environment. To find an economical and promising solution to the environmental problems, 4% zeolite (90%+ clinoptilolite) were supplemented to a regular (100% crude protein (CP) and energy) or low CP and energy (90% CP and 90% energy or 90% CP and 85% energy) grower pig diets. Twenty male and twenty-four female grower pigs were used in two feeding experiments respectively, followed by a metabolic test with three batches of animals repeated to determine the metabolic effects of zeolite supplementation. Pig performance (body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio), and metabolic parameters (manure mass, feed intake, protein and energy conversion, as well as dry feed and organic matter retention) were evaluated. Zeolite supplementation at 4% to a regular diet for grower pigs had a positive but not significant (P > 0.05) effect on all pig performance and metabolic parameters, compared to the regular diet without zeolite. Among 4 rations, pigs on a regular diet with 4% zeolite performed consistently best throughout the entire trail, with decreased average daily consumption and reduced amount of feces, increased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, improved feed as well as protein and energy conversion, and enhanced body weight gain. Moreover, zeolite supplementation at 4%, with 90% CP and 90% energy in grower pig diets, improved feed and protein and energy conversion rate, and increased body weight gain, when compared to those of pigs fed a regular diet without zeolite. However, a diet of 90% of CP and 85% of energy with 4% zeolite significantly (P < 0.05) increased feed consumption and the amount of feces produced, and decreased feed and organic matter retention in the gastrointestinal tract, thus reducing feed conversion rate. Therefore, 4% zeolite supplementation to the regular or low CP and energy (90% C
Key words. Clinoptilolite, Pig, Pig Performance, Metabolic Parameter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Monegue, James Seth. "EVALUATION OF DIETARY ALTERATIONS THAT HAVE POTENTIAL TO AFFECT FEED INTAKE AND FEED PREFERENCE IN SWINE." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/642.

Full text

Abstract:

Feed intake is a key factor affecting pig performance; thus, the objective of these studies was to assess a variety of factors that could potentially affect intake in pigs in different production stages. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of flavor and diet complexity, Appetein™ (an alternative protein source), and graded levels of salt on swine feed intake and feed preference. Two newly developed flavors were used in nursery pig diets. The use of the two flavors did not increase feed intake (P > 0.05). Nursery pigs actually showed a preference for the control diet. Complex diet formulation does increase feed intake (P < 0.03) in nursery pigs when diets are not over-formulated. When flavor was added to lactation diets sow feed intake did not change compared to the control. The flavor did not affect litter performance (P > 0.05). When Appetein™ was added to lactation diets at 0.5%, pig weight and litter weight were numerically greater for the sows fed Appetein™ but not significantly so. Appetein™ did not affect feed intake. When nursery pigs were fed graded levels of salt (0.1, 0.5, and 0.8%) feed intake increased (P < 0.01) as salt level increased. Nursery pigs also preferred (P < 0.05) 0.8% salt over other levels the first two weeks after weaning when given a choice among diets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Liu, Jiazhong. "Phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by microbial phytase in corn-soybean mean diets for pigs /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821350.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Geary, Tina Maria. "Improving the performance of weaner pigs through developments in liquid feeding." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2793.

Full text

Abstract:

A programme of work was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a new automated ad libitum feed delivery system for newly weaned pigs; to investigate the effects of liquid feeding on their performance and to explore the possibilities for reducing diet cost by using lower cost liquid components. A series of 28 day feeding trials was conducted using pigs weaned at 24 ± 4 days and fed ad libitum on liquid diets. Compared with pigs fed dry diets, liquid feeding increased feed intake by 109 ± 10 g dˉ¹ (P<0.001) and daily gain by 57± 14 g dˉ¹ (P<0.001). Pig growth and feed conversion ratio was not significantly influenced by dry matter content over the range of 255 - 149 g DM kgˉ¹. However, diets containing less than 220 g DM kgˉ¹ increased effluent output per kg of liveweight gain. Within the liquid feed system a natural lactic acid fermentation occurred which reduced diet pH ≤ 4.0 and inhibited the growth of coliform bacteria. Pigs fed diets in which pH was reduced to ≤ 4.0 by acidification with either lactic acid or Pediococcus acidilactici had daily gains of 496 and 474 ± 17 g dˉ¹ and feed conversion ratios of 1.11 and 1.15 ± 0.06 respectively. A series of laboratory studies was conducted with the aim of upgrading and controlling fermentation of food industry liquid residues for use in liquid diets for weaners. Steeping was investigated as a method for reducing glycoalkaloid levels in reject raw potatoes. A combination of natural fermentation and hydrolysis reduced the levels of α-solanine by 16.6 mg kgˉ¹ (35%) and α-chaconine by 28.7 mg kgˉ¹ (51%) respectively. Diets based on the food industry liquid residues (Whey, 'C'-Starch and Greenwich Gold), were either allowed to ferment naturally or inoculated with Enterococcus faecium or Pediococcus acidilactici. Inoculation with either Enterococcus faecium or Pediococcus acidilactici did not result in a significant difference in the final pH of the diets or in the final populations of microorganisms examined compared with the control. The series of studies demonstrated the potential for improving weaner pigs performance using fermented liquid diets. However, it highlighted the need for further studies to obtain a greater degree of control over fermentation patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Beal, Jane Davina. "Potential use of protease enzymes in liquid diets for pigs." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2432.

Full text

Abstract:

A programme of study was undertaken to assess the effect of pretreating raw soya bean and processed full fat soyabean meals with protease enzymes prior to use in liquid feed for grower and finisher pigs. A series of laboratory studies was undertaken to examine the efficacy of three microbial proteases (P2, P3 and P4) in partially hydrolysing soya protein and in reducing the levels of trypsin inhibitors in raw soyabean. Pretreatment consisted of steeping ground soyabean for 24 h at 20° C in the absence (control) or presence of 20 000 units gˉ¹ N of P2, P3 or P4. Pretreating raw soyabean (RSB) with P2, P3 and P4 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced trypsin inhibitor levels from 28.53 to 19.98, 17.17 and 18.35 (s.e.m.1.14) mg trypsin inhibited gˉ¹ soya respectively. Pretreating RSB, micronized (MIC) or autoclaved (AUT) soyabean meal with P2, P3 or P4 resulted in increases in soluble a.-amino nitrogen of 5.22, 7.08, and 6.58 (RSB), 5.11, 5.57 and 4.32 (MIC) and 3.56, 7.03 and 6.18 (s.e.d. 0.06) mg gˉ¹ soya respectively and in vitro digestibility of nitrogen of 7.6 %, 9.9 %and 6.4 % (RSB), 4.9 %, 8.3 % and 2.8 % (MIC) and 11 %, 8 % and 12.2 % (AUT) respectively compared with the appropriate controls. Feeding trials were conducted in which pretreated soya was added to a basal cereal diet. Pretreatment of RSB with P4 resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in ADG of 0.08 kg pigˉ¹ dˉ¹ (s.e.d. 0.04) in grower pigs (33.5 ± 4 kg) over the 6 week duration of the trial but had no significant effect on FCR. Pretreatment of AUT with P4 did not significantly improve performance. In a feeding trial with grower/finisher pigs pretreatment of RSB with P3 resulted in significant (P < 0.05) improvements of 0.10 (s.e.d. 0.04) kg pigˉ¹ dˉ¹ in ADG and 0.476 (s.e.d. 0.19) in FCR. Pretreatment of MIC with P3 resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 4 d (s.e.d. 1. 7) in the time taken for pigs to attain slaughter weight.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yulong, Yin. "Factors affecting ileal digestibility and endogenous nitrogen flow in pigs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Lanier, Christian Lynn. "Feed Intake Patterns in Crossbred Pigs and their Relationship to Production Traits." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08082006-232135/.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research was to evaluate line and sex differences in swine feeding behavior traits. Barrows and gilts used in the study were from three sire lines and two dam lines. Data were provided by PIC in Franklin, KY. Feeding behavior traits considered were average daily feed intake (ADFI), average occupation time/day (AOTD), average feed intake/visit (AFIV), average number of visits/day (ANVD), average feeding rate/visit (AFRV), average occupation time/visit (AOTV), and residual average daily feed intake (RADFI). Electronic feeders were used to measure feeding behavior traits on two pens per feeder. Use of the feeder alternated between the two pens weekly. Feeding behavior traits differed by line and sex. Production traits that were used in the study included: average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), backfat (BF), loin depth (LD), percent lean (% LEAN), and average daily feed intake (ADFI). For this study, ADFI was treated as both a feeding behavior and performance trait. Feeding behavior traits were used to calculate principal components. Principal components were then treated as traits in terms of statistical analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Jones, Felicity Anne. "Growth and voluntary feed intake of two diverse genetic lines of pigs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284424.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Zhang, Fengrui. "Digestibility of Calcium in Feed Ingredients and Digestible Calcium Requirements for Pigs." Thesis, Purdue University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635881.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to compare different expressions for the digestibility of Ca in both pigs and chickens, and to determine the true total tract digestible (TTTD) Ca requirement for 10- to 20-kg and 20- to 40-kg pigs.

In the first study, two experiments were conducted to compare apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca in pigs. In Exp. 1, three semi-purified diets with soybean meal, canola meal or sunflower meal as the sole source of Ca were formulated. Eighteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 66 ± 5 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to 3 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment. Results indicated that for either Ca or P, the ATTD was not different from AID in three diets. In Exp. 2, diets with four Ca concentrations were formulated with calcium carbonate as the Ca source. Sixteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 73 ± 4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to 4 treatments in 2 experimental periods. The results indicated that the ATTD of Ca was not different from AID for all diets, and the Ca digestibility was not affected by the dietary Ca concentration. The results of these two experiments indicated that both AID and ATTD can be used to describe the digestibility of Ca for growing-finishing pigs. Total tract digestibility was used to express digestibility of Ca in later studies.

A second series of studies was conducted to decide whether ATTD or TTTD should be used to estimate Ca digestibility of limestone and dicalcium phosphate (DCP). Two pig experiments were conducted to determine the ATTD and TTTD of limestone and DCP, and their additivity in a semi-purified diet for pigs. In Exp. 1, forty eight barrows with an average initial BW of 19.2 ± 1.1 kg were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of two Ca sources, including limestone or DCP, with three dietary Ca concentrations each. Diets were fed for a 5-d adjustment period followed by a total collection period of 5 d. The results indicated that the increased dietary Ca concentration linearly increased Ca intake, digested and retained, but did not affect the ATTD of Ca when using limestone and DCP as Ca sources. In Exp. 2, seventy-two barrows with an average initial BW of 20.8 ± 1.3 kg were used to test the additivity of TTTD for Ca in limestone and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) in pigs. All pigs were assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of three Ca sources, including limestone, DCP, or a mixed diet at a ratio of 1:1; and three dietary Ca concentrations. Feeding and sample collection procedures were as in Exp. 1. The results indicated that the average ATTD were 66.46, 70.34, and 69.32% for limestone, DCP, and their mixed diet, respectively. By regressing daily digested Ca against daily Ca intake, the TTTD of Ca was determined at 70.06, 76.42, and 73.72% for limestone, DCP, and their mixed diet, respectively. The endogenous losses of was estimated to be between 0.217 to 0.321 g/kg DM intake. The predicted TTTD for Ca in the mixed diet of limestone and DCP was calculated to be 72.67% based upon the Ca contribution coefficient of 0.59 for limestone and 0.41 for DCP. The predicted Ca TTTD (72.67%) in the mixed diet was not statistically different from the determined Ca TTTD (73.72%). It is concluded that although ATTD of limestone and DCP were not affected by the Ca concentration in the diet, TTTD is recommended for evaluation of Ca digestibility because of its additivity in a mixed diet.

A similar additivity experiment was conducted on Ross 708 broiler chickens from d 22 to d 27 post hatch, using true ileal digestibility (TID) for Ca in limestone and dicalcium phosphate (DCP). The birds were fed a standard broiler starter diet from d 1 to 11 post hatching. A total of 504 birds were grouped in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of 3 Ca sources including limestone, DCP, and their mixed diet at a ratio of 1:1, and 3 dietary Ca concentration at 3.3, 4.3, and 5.3 g/kg. The results showed that by regressing digested Ca per bird against Ca intake per bird, the TID of Ca was determined at 63.73, 67.14, and 67.79% for limestone, DCP, and the mixed diet, respectively. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lescano, Diego Alberto. "Uso de L-Glutamina e Ácido Glutâmico + L-Glutamina em Rações para Leitões." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5819.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1014060 bytes, checksum: 693b9366b22260dacb3100b244427c53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the use of four levels of L-glutamine (Gln) and four levels of Glutamic acid + L-glutamine in the diet of piglets after weaning, two performance tests and two tests of intestinal morphohistology. In each test diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, cooked corn, dairy products, blood plasma and industrial amino acids. In the performance trial (trial 1) forty-four (44) piglets were distributed in four treatments (T1 - 0.0%; T2 - 0.4%; T3 - 0.8% and T4 - 1.2% of Gln) on five replications, on 4 repetitions with 2 animals per experimental unit and one repetition with 3 animals per experimental unit. The experimental period was of 28 days, with the first period 18-32 days of life, the second instead of 32-46 days of life and overall period 18-46 days. The evaluated parameters were average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F:G). The addition of Gln in the diet did not affect (P> 0.05) performance parameters in periods. In the testing of morphohistology (trial 2) twenty-four (24) piglets of 18 days old were divided into four treatments (T1 - 0.0%, T2 - 0.4%, T3 - 0.8% and T4- 1, 2% of Gln) with six replicates and one animal per experimental unit. The animals were slaughtered at 7 days after weaning (25 days old) to collect samples of the three intestinal portions. The histologic evaluated parameters were villus height, crypt depth and villus height: crypt depth ratio of three segments. The addition of Gln in feed promoted linear and linear-quadratic reduction (P <0.05) in the villus height and crypt depth of the duodenum of piglets respectively. It is concluded that the addition of Gln in diets of piglets after weaning showed no beneficial effects on performance and in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of piglets. In the performance test (Test 3) forty-four (44) piglets were distributed among four treatments (T1- 0.0%; T2 - 0.4%; T3-0.8% and T4 - 1.2% of Glutamic acid + Gln) on five replications, on 4 repetitions on 2 animals per experimental unit and one repetition with 3 animals per experimental unit. The experimental period was of 28 days, with the first period 18-32 days of life, the second instead of 32-46 days of life and total period 18-46 days. The evaluated parameters were daily feed intake (ADFI), daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion (F:G). Addition of Glutamic Acid + Gln in diets of piglets after weaning improved linearly (P <0.05) ADFI, ADG and F:G in the period 18-32 days of age, however significant effects were not observed (P> 0 , 05) the second instead of 32- 46 days old, since the total period showed a linear improvement (P <0.05) in the ADFI and F:G, and linear-quadratic improvement in ADG. In the testing of morphohistology (test 4) twenty-four (24) piglets of 18 days of age were divided into four treatments (T1 - 0.0%, T2 - 0.4%, T3 0,8% and T4-1 2% of glutamic Acid + Gln) with six replicates and one animal per experimental unit. The animals were slaughtered 7 days after weaning (25 days old) to collect samples of the three intestinal portions. The histologic parameters evaluated were villus height, crypt depth and villus height: crypt depth ratio of three segments. The addition of Glutamic Acid + Gln in the diet of piglets after weaning showed a linear effect (P <0.05) for the parameters of villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of duodenal villus height: crypt depth ratio of jejunum, villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of the ileum. As for the crypt depth duodenal parameter observed linear-quadratic effect. It is concluded that the addition of Glutamic Acid + Gln in diets of piglets after weaning showed beneficial effects on performance and in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa of piglets.
Quatro ensaios foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito da utilização de quatro niveis de L-Glutamina (Gln) e quatro niveis de Ácido Glutâmico + L-Glutamina em dietas para leitões após o desmame, sendo dois ensaios de desempenho e dois ensaios de morfohistologia intestinal. Em cada ensaio as dietas formuladas foram baseadas em milho, farelo de soja, milho cozido, subprodutos lácteos, plasma sanguíneo e aminoácidos industriais. No ensaio de desempenho (ensaio 1) foram utilizados quarenta e quatro (44) leitões distribuidos em quatro tratamentos (T1 0,0%; T2 0,4%; T3- 0,8% e T4- 1,2 % de Gln) com cinco repetições, sendo 4 repetições com 2 animais por unidade experimental e 1 repetição com 3 animais por unidade experimental. O período experimental foi de 28 dias, sendo o período 1 de 18 a 32 dias de vida, período 2 de 32 a 46 dias de vida e no período geral de 18 a 46 dias de vida. Os parametros avaliados foram: consumo de ração diário (CRD), ganho de peso diário (GPD) e conversão alimentar (CA). A adição de Gln na ração não influenciou (P>0,05) os parâmetros de desepenho nos períodos. No ensaio de morfohistologia (ensaio 2) vinte e quatro (24) leitões de 18 dias de vida foram distribuidos em quatro tratamentos (T1 0,0%; T2 0,4%; T3- 0,8% e T4- 1,2 % de Gln) com seis repetições e um animal por cada unidade experimental. Os animais foram abatidos aos 7 dias após o desmame (25 dias de vida) para coleita de amostras das três porções intestinais. Os parâmetros histologicos avaliados foram altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta e relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta dos três segmentos intestinais. A adição de Gln na ração promoveu redução linear e linear-quadratico (P<0,05) na altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas do duodeno dos leitões respectivamente. Conclui-se que a adicão de Gln nas rações de leitões após o desmama não apresentou efeitos benéficos sobre o desempenho e na manutenção da integridade da mucosa intestinal dos leitões. No ensaio de desempenho (ensaio 3) foram utilizados quarenta e quatro (44) leitões distribuidos entre quatro tratamentos (T1 0,0%; T2 0,4%; T3- 0,8% e T4- 1,2 % de Ácido Glutâmico + Gln) com cinco repetições, sendo 4 repetições com 2 animais por unidade experimental e 1 repetição com 3 animais por unidade experimental. O período experimental foi de 28 dias, sendo o periodo 1 de 18 a 32 dias de vida, periodo 2 de 32 a 46 dias de vida e no período total de 18 a 46 dias de vida. Os parametros avaliados foram consumo de ração diário (CRD), ganho de peso diario (GPD) e conversão alimentar (CA). A adicão de Ácido Glutâmico + Gln nas dietas de leitões após o desmama melhorou de forma linear (P<0,05) CRD, GPD e CA no período de 18 a 32 dias de idade, entretanto não foram verificados efeitos significativos (P>0,05) no período 2 de 32 a 46 dias de idade, já no periodo total houve melhoría linear (P<0,05) no CRD e CA, e melhoria linear-quadratica no GPD. No ensaio de morfohistologia (ensaio 4) vinte e quatro (24) leitões de 18 dias de vida foram distribuidos em quatro tratamentos (T1 0,0%; T2 0,4%; T3- 0,8% e T4- 1,2 % de Ácido Glutâmico + Gln) com seis repetições e um animal por cada unidade experimental. Os animais foram abatidos aos 7 dias após o desmame (25 dias de vida) para coleta de amostras das três porções intestinais. Os parâmetros histologicos avaliados foram altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta e relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta dos três segmentos intestinais. A adição de Ácido Glutâmico + Gln nas dietas de leitões após o desmame apresentou efeito linear (P<0,05) para os parâmetros de altura de vilosidade e relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta do duodeno, relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta do jejuno, altura de vilosidade e relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta do íleo. Já para o parâmetro profundidade de cripta do duodeno observou-se efeito linear-quadratico. Conclui-se que a adicão de Ácido Glutâmico + Gln nas dietas de leitões após o desmama apresentou efeitos beneficos sobre o desempenho e na manutenção da integridade da mucosa intestinal dos leitões.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Drake, Anthony Philip. "The development of an in vitro system for predicting nutrient digestibility in feeds for pigs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU481990.

Full text

Abstract:

The feed industry urgently requires an in vitro system for routine evaluation of the nutrient digestibility of a wide range of feedstuffs. The aim of this project was to ascertain the critical elements of the digestive system for the development of an in vitro simulation of protein and carbohydrate digestion to the terminal ileum and of carbohydrate fermentation in the hindgut. Standard ileal (using T-cannulated pigs) and whole gut digestibility data were obtained for soyabean, rape seed and sunflower seed meals, maize and wheat. Significant microbial activity was measured proximal to the caecum but an estimation of its effect on the availablility of nutrients was inconclusive. The in vitro system was developed by examining the digestive potential of individual enzymic stages of digestion and building up a simulation with the least number of elements necessary. Dialysis was used as a method of separating the products of digestion from the undigested remains. The crude protein digestibility of soyabean and rapeseed meal and the lysine digestibility of rapeseed meal were significantly affected by the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis membrane. In the case of the cereals the presence of starch, variation in particle size and the fact that the storage protein was relatively inaccessible to enzyme action necessitated the inclusion of a high temperature amylase predigestion to the in vitro system. The measurement of crude protein digestibility after 12 hours dialysis (X) compared with apparent crude protein digestibility (Y) and true crude protein digestibility (Y) gave the linear regression equationsY = 0.022980 + 0.915562X (r = 0.878)Y = 0.0229635 + 0.701886X (r = 0.790) respectively. The prediction of essential amino acid digestibility was poor. The best correlation coefficients were obtained after 13 hours dialysis for apparent (r = 0.144) and true (r = 0.229) essential amino acid digestibility. Preliminary work is presented concerning the development of an assay to simulate hindgut fermentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chaddick, Justin Garrett. "Sustainable tilapia feed derived from urban food waste." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54468.

Full text

Abstract:

Finding an alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in animal feeds has been a topic of increasing interest due to the pressures being put on the ocean’s fisheries and the increasing world demand for animal protein. An often-overlooked source of nutrients is in the form of food waste. One third of all food produced globally ends up in landfills, wasting a huge amount of nutrients and embodied energy that could otherwise be redirected towards productive use. This study investigated the feasibility of feeding Hermetia illucens, the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), grown on urban food waste, and Lemna minor, a species of duckweed, to tilapia in a recirculating aquaponic system as a compound feed. The study compared the growth of two groups of 58 tilapia over 44 days; one group was fed commercial pellets and the other a compound feed composed of BSFL and duckweed. The group fed the commercial pellets achieved heavier weight gain than the group fed the experimental feed but both groups resulted in steady weight gain and had similar mortality rates. Feeding the experimental feed composed of BSFL and duckweed to tilapia in an aquaponics system is an effective method of diverting food waste from the landfill and further research should be done to optimize this process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lkhagvadorj, Sender. "Effects of selection for low residual feed intake and feed restriction on gene expression profiles and thyroid axis in pigs." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Frobose, Hyatt Lowell. "The effects of feed additives, sodium metabisulfite and processing conditions on nursery pigs fed diets containing deoxynivalenol; and the impact of feed withdrawal and diet blending on finishing pig growth, carcass composition and economics." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14036.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joel DeRouchey
Thirteen experiments using a total of 7,589 nursery and finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), feed additives and processing conditions on nursery pig growth performance. In addition, feed withdrawal and diet blending were evaluated in finishing pigs. Experiment 1 tested 3 feed additives in DON-contaminated diets with only Defusion Plus improving performance. Experiment 2 evaluated Biofix in both low- and high-DON diets and showed no effects on growth. Experiments 3 and 4 further evaluated levels of Defusion and the effects of pelleting and supplemental nutrients in DON-contaminated diets. Defusion improved growth in low-DON diets, but had variable effects in high DON diets. Pelleting DON-contaminated diets resulted in comparable growth to pigs fed positive control diets in meal form. In Exp. 5 and 6, pilot studies evaluated DON-detoxification using sodium metabisulfite (SMB) with hydrothermal treatment in both an autoclave and a pellet mill. These conditions reduced analyzed DON by as much as 89 and 75% for the autoclave and pellet mill, respectively. In Exp. 7 and 8, pelleting DON-contaminated diets with SMB improved growth. Experiments 9 and 10 evaluated feed-withdrawal time on carcass composition and economic returns. These experiments showed that pre-slaughter fasting for up to 36 h prior can be used to avoid weight discounts in heavyweight pigs without negatively impacting carcass composition and maintaining overall revenue. However, these advantages come with a potential reduction in carcass weight and increased incidence of leaking ingesta, which can result in condemned heads. Experiments 11, 12, and 13 compared phase-feeding to blending diets using an automated feed delivery system. These studies showed that corn-supplement blending is not economical and feeding diets blended to a Lys curve results in lower feed costs compared to phase-feeding, but due to reductions in growth and carcass weight, these savings do not translate into higher income over feed cost. Finally, Exp. 13 showed that over- and under-budgeting situations do not significantly influence overall returns, but pigs fed under-budgeted diets performed more closely to those fed correctly estimated feed budgets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Stebbens, Helen Rose. "The digestion and utilisation of food fibre by growing pigs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27458.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of investigations were undertaken to provide information for compounders to consider when including fibrous foods in diets for growing pigs. The work involved measurements of nutrient digestibilities, growth trials and calorimetric studies. The digestibility of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction of a food was dependent on a number of factors including the source of fibre, the adaptation period and liveweight of the pig, and the protein and lipid contents of the diet. The level of addition of food fibre was not important in determining the digestibility of the NDF component of a fibre source, whereas an inverse relationship was found between the digestibility of nitrogen and energy, and the level of added food fibre. It was concluded that increasing the level of addition of food fibre is more important in determining the depressive effect on the digestibility of non-fibre components than its own. Rapid growth was achieved when young, weaned and growing pigs were given diets containing wheatfeed and sugar-beet pulp. A substantial part of the energy supplied was in the form of VFA produced by the fermentation of non-starch polysaccharides in the wheatfeed and sugar-beet pulp. A growth trial with diets containing sugar-beet pulp and maize revealed that fermented energy from beet pulp was used with an efficiency of 0.72 that of the energy of maize. The apparently digested energy arising from the fermentation of non-starch polysaccharides, therefore, does not correspond directly in terms of potential use to the animal with that obtained by the enzymic digestion of maize starch. A net energy value for sugar-beet pulp was also calculated. This work has shown that wheatfeed and sugar-beet pulp may be useful as dietary ingredients for growing pigs. However, growth rates may be slightly depressed due to a lower efficiency of utilisation of apparently digested energy from the fibrous fraction of the diet. This could lead to on farm problems associated with a decreased throughput eg overstocking. However, the use of a corrected digestible energy value and ileal digestibilities of amino acids for a fibrous food, when formulating rations, could lead to an improvement in the prediction in performance. As well as the nutritional aspects of feeding fibrous foods, there are also a number of non-nutritional factors which will influence the use of fibrous materials and these are discussed in the light of their practical implications for the feeding of fibrous foods to pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zakayo, Griffin A. "Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source for growing-finishing pigs." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13519.

Full text

Abstract:

A study was conducted to evaluate the use of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) as a protein supplement for pigs. In addition, an evaluation of detoxifying LLM, by sun-drying, water-soaking, or treating with ferrous sulphate (FeS04) solution was undertaken. The research involved two experiments; a growth study and a metabolic study. In the growth study sixteen, 12 weeks old Large White x Landrace pigs (average body weight 22.9 ± 2.12 kg) were fed four experimental rations; a commercial grain-based grower /finisher ration (control); or a ration containing 20% of either sun-dried LLM, water-soaked LLM, or FeS04-treated LLM, replacing the basal diet. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in liveweight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in pigs fed the ration containing sun-dried LLM. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were not affected by the addition of water-soaked and FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood plasma were not affected by the dietary treatments. However, addition of FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet significantly (P<0.05) decreased the back fat thickness of the pigs. In the metabolic study, the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible CP (DCP) were measured as well as mimosine, 3-hydroxy-4-(1H) pyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3DHP output in the faeces and urine.
Addition of water-soaked LLM to the diet significantly (P<0.05) lowered the DDM of the diet, whereas addition of FeS04-treated LLM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the DCP. Sun-drying, water-soaking and treatment of LLM with FeS04 solution, did not enhance the output of mimosine or 3,4-DHP in the urine and faeces. The results suggest that water soaking or treatment with FeS04 solution reduces the antinutritional factors (presumably including mimosine) and therefore improves the nutritional quality of LLM containing diets for pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Jordán, Vargas Kathia. "Feed conversion index in two populations and two lines of guinea pigs for meat production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5381.

Full text

Abstract:

The guinea pig (Cavia aperea porcellus) is an alternative to improve human nutrition because its meat is of excellent taste and quality. Thus, it is an important nutritional source. The feed conversion index was determined under the basic (forage) and mixed (forage and concentrate) diets during the growth phase. This was done with both sexes located in the Tamborada and MEJOCUY populations, using the AUQUI, and San Luis lines. This was done in order to quantify how many kilograms of feed an animal must eat to gain one kilogram of live weight. The animals were randomly distributed into individual pools based on population, line, and sex for the period from 14 to 56 days old. Depending on the feeding system used, they received alfalfa forage and/or concentrated feed. In addition, they were weighed before and after feeding so the difference between food eaten and food rejected could be calculated. At the end of the 42 days of investigation, the feed conversion indexes were 5, 5.1, 4.8, and 4.6 for the basic diet and 5, 5.5, 4.9, and 4.9 for the mixed diet for the guinea pigs of the Tamborada and MEJOCUY populations and the AUQUI and San Luis lines respectively. The male and female animals had indexes of 4.7 and 5.3 respectively. Generally speaking, the San Luis line has the best feed conversion index, followed by the AUQUI line, the Tamborada population, and lastly the MEJOCUY population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Darwish, Randa. "Investigating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a functional food and feed ingredient." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49762/.

Full text

Abstract:

Microalgae have become recognized as excellent sources for many valuable nutrients. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalga which has attracted attention as a model organism for recombinant protein and vaccine production, but its nutritional value and key functional components have not been previously assessed. Initial comparisons with species already used in this manner (Chlorella and Spirulina) indicated that microalga had potential to be added as a nutritional addition to food. C. reinhardtii was characterised by a high omega 3 fatty acids content and a good source of pigments (chlorophyll (a+b), β-carotene (provitamin A) and lutein). In-vitro digestion trials were conducted to determine the concentrations of digestive enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) released from cells. The digestive conditions caused major changes in structure, cell shape and partially unlocked nutrients from the cells. Grinding C. reinhardtii with liquid nitrogen increased accessibility of β-carotene from 6% for intact cells to 14%, iron from 4.04% to 8.8% and inclusion of PLRP2 significantly improved lipid hydrolysis. Determining growth and other significant parameters for zebrafish fed with C. reinhardtii revealed a significant improvement when compared with zebrafish consuming a standard fish diet. Interestingly, fish on a diet containing C. reinhardtii was characterised by a significantly higher linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) content (P≤ 0.05). Inclusion of the fatty acid hexadecatrienoic acid (C16: 4-n-3) ensured that C. reinhardtii lipid was hydrolysed and absorbed in the zebrafish intestine. A visible yellow pigmentation of zebrafish (egg in the female and skin in the male) fed with C. reinhardtii was distinct from the control, this yellow pigmentation was determined to be lutein which the zebrafish had assimilated from C. reinhardtii cells. There was a significant increase in retinol in C. reinhardtii fed fish (10 and 20%) when compared to the control. Thus, it is deducted that zebrafish was able to assimilate β-carotene and convert it to vitamin A. All things considered, C. reinhardtii displayed a great potential as a functional food and feed ingredient which is characterized by relatively good digestibility both in vivo and in vitro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wang, Tian. "Developmental physiology of the intestine in neonatal pigs : effects of milk and milk-borne growth factors /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20128678.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

McDougall, N. Ruth. "The evaluation of raspberry pomace as a feedstuff for growing pigs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29580.

Full text

Abstract:

Raspberry pomace, consisting of seeds, pulp and added rice hulls, is the residue from the pressing of raspberries for juice and concentrate production. Through the determination of chemical composition by laboratory analyses and the measurement of feeding value in animal trials, the pomace was evaluated as a feedstuff for growing pigs. Pomace contains 11.1% crude fat, 10.0% crude protein, 59.5% total dietary fibre, 7.4% soluble carbohydrates, and a gross energy level of 5220 kcal*kg⁻¹. The acid detergent residue of the pomace contains 11.7% lignin, 6.0% cutin, 2.2% acid detergent ash and 26.0% cellulose (by difference). The digestibility of dry matter, fat, protein and energy was determined. Pomace dried at 60 C, whole and ground (1mm) was fed to growing male pigs (30-35 kg) in a replicated 4X4 Latin Square design with treatments basal (B) , B plus 40% unground pomace, B plus 40% ground pomace and B plus 40% barley. Grinding of pomace significantly improved the digestibility of all parameters measured, however, the barley-soybean meal basal ration was consistently better digested than either of the pomace treatments. The digestibility of whole and ground pomace was respectively: dry matter 10.7% and 20.8% (S.E.M. 1.30), fat 24.1% and 79.7% (S.E.M. 3.47), protein 10.6% and 14.7% (S.E.M. 4.83) and energy 7.9% and 28.4% (S.E.M. 1.80). Protein quality of ground (1mm) and freeze-dried pomace was evaluated with rats in metabolism cages to produce the following values: true protein digestibility 36.0% (S.E.M. 0.66), biological value 91.0% (S.E.M. 3.46), and net protein utilization 32.7% (S.E.M. 1.15). In rat growth trials, where pomace replaced barley incrementally, growth rate was not affected at replacement levels up to 40%, although feed efficiency declined consistently as the level of pomace in the diet increased. It is suggested that raspberry pomace could replace up to 20% of an energy feedstuff in a ration for growing swine without significantly reducing growth rate or feed efficiency.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Vandenbroeck, Emma. "Food: to feed or to profit? : (De)commodification in the food system and Community Supported Agriculture." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402182.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Petry, Derek. "Genetic intervention in pigs to control Salmonella shedding." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15552.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Food Science
Elizabeth Boyle
Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial foodborne infections in the United States resulting in over 1 million illnesses and 375 deaths annually. Salmonella serotypes cause several types of disease in humans: gastroenteritis, enteric fever, septicemia, focal infections, and an asymptomatic carrier state. Salmonella-shedding pigs are known to constitute a risk factor for contamination of carcasses during the slaughter process. Vaccination has generally not been effective in the prevention of Salmonella, partially because of the rapid mutation rate. Previous research has indicated that >70% of farms tested in Iowa were positive for Salmonella during 2006-2009. Salmonella-colonized pigs are usually asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium and can shed upon exposure to stress causing contamination of pen-mates, trailers used for shipping, and lairage areas at processing facilities. Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, which antibiotics are commonly used in pig production, have become a public health concern worldwide. For this reason, alternative interventions need to be evaluated for effectiveness. The objective of this report was to determine if there is a genetic basis for host resistance or susceptibility to Salmonella through quantitative and/or molecular selection. Genetic improvement of disease resistance and/or tolerance in animals is a potentially effective intervention for addressing pre-harvest food safety issues. Previous research has demonstrated genetic control of the immune response to pathogens. Developing a strong innate response to infection, so the animal does not become ill or become a carrier, is the basis for a genetic intervention for Salmonella. Quantitative trait loci for humoral and innate immune response have been detected for E. coli through leucocyte counts, cytokine concentration, mitogen-induced proliferation, and levels of pre-infection antibody titers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found and can be exploited for genetic improvement of the innate immune response in pigs when infected with Salmonella. Pigs that differentially express polymorphisms and persistently shed the bacteria versus pigs that do not shed or shed little can be used as criteria for selection when developing the intervention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Dalla, Costa Filipe Antônio. "Influence of the starting time of preslaughter feed withdrawal on welfare of pigs and pork quality /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136311.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Luigi Faucitano
Coorientador: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Banca: Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
Banca: Vivian Feddern
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do início do tempo de jejum pré-abate na granja (FARM) ou no frigorífico (PLANT) sobre as perdas de animais, comportamento durante o embarque e período de descanso, parâmetros sanguíneos (lactato e creatina quinase) e características da qualidade de carne (pH, cor e drip loss) em suínos. Um total de 700 suínos foi distribuído em dois tratamentos. O grupo FARM fez um jejum de 18 h antes do transporte mais 6 horas antes do abate, incluindo 2 h de transporte e 4 h de período de descanso, e o grupo PLANT fez um jejum de 24 h (considerando 2 h de transporte mais 22 h de período de descanso), totalizando 24 h de tempo jejum antes do abate para os dois grupos. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o as perdas no transporte nem os parâmetros sanguíneos. Contudo, os suínos do grupo PLANT tiveram brigas mais longas (P < 0.05) que os suínos FARM no período de descanso e produziram lombos mais escuros (P = 0.02) e secos (P = 0.03). Baseados nesses resultados, recomenda-se aplicar o tempo de jejum antes do embarque, o que demonstrou melhorias para o bem-estar dos suínos, devido ao menor número de brigas no período de descanso no frigorífico, e produziu melhor qualidade de carne suína
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of starting time of feed withdrawal interval preslaughter at the farm (FARM) or at the plant (PLANT) on animal losses, behaviour during loading and lairage, blood parameters (lactate and creatine kinase) and meat quality traits (pH, colour and drip loss) in pigs. A total of 700 pigs was distributed into two treatments groups. The FARM group was fasted for 18 h before the transport plus 6 h before slaughter, including 2 h transport and 4 h lairage, and the PLANT group was fasted for 24 h (considering 2 h transport plus 22 h at lairage), totalizing 24 h of fasting time before slaughter for both groups. The treatments neither influenced transport losses nor blood parameters. However, PLANT pigs had longer fights (P < 0.05) than FARM pigs at lairage and produced darker (P = 0.02) and drier (P = 0.03) loins. Based on these results, it is recommended apply feed withdrawal time before loading, which showed improvements to pigs' welfare, due to the lower number of fights during lairage at the slaughter plant, and produced better pork quality
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tung, Catherine. "Harnessing the Trajectory of Food Transitions to Better Feed the World." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/966.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the trajectory of food politics and its relationship with modernizing food landscapes. Today’s food politics discussions in the US and other high-income countries lean towards concerns with social issues, while in the recent past it was more focused on producing enough food to feed the growing population – two different situations with important concerns. The question this thesis explores is whether the modernization of society has given us a higher level of wellbeing and a better world through food landscapes and food policy, and how we came up with the current food situations we face today. It looks into the food landscape and policies of the US and its implications on wellbeing, and the dietary transition of Japan, comparing it to other modernized countries. It is important to look at these factors of food politics to see how other countries may handle a food transition, and whether or not there is a direction all countries can go in that will better benefit its food landscapes. Concerns not only lie in producing sufficient yields but also in wellbeing, cultural values, and true consumer demands. Only when true consumer demands are acknowledged individually can the trajectory of food politics be better harnessed and guided to a more desirable outcome than it has been going in so far.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jeffrey, Andrea. "The role of Salmonella in animal food." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32583.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Cassandra Jones
Salmonella contamination in animal food production facilities is a growing concern. The bacteria has been the cause of 40% of pet food recalls in the past 5 years, and there are potential human health implications because pet food is a direct human contact food. A potential method to reduce Salmonella contamination in pet food is through the use of acidifiers and desiccants to destroy and inhibit growth of bacteria. The objective of this thesis was to quantify Salmonella contamination in livestock feed and pet food manufacturing facilities, and propose mitigation measures to mitigate the presence of pathogens in animal food. Therefore, the objective of Experiment 1 was to investigate sources of Salmonella contamination throughout livestock feed (n = 2) and pet food (n = 2) manufacturing facilities on a specific sampling day. Salmonella was present in all four facilities. However, one of the livestock feed manufacturing facilities had more than double the Salmonella-positive locations than all other facilities. This experiment demonstrated that surface type and location should be taken into consideration when controlling Salmonella contamination. In Experiments 2 and 3, the use of a commercial powdered dry acidulant, sodium bisulfate, was studied as a coating of dog kibble to reduce and prevent Salmonella growth over time. The coating reduced Salmonella concentration, and its efficacy was not impacted by altering the bulk density or surface area of the kibble. Experiment 4 was conducted to determine the efficacy of sodium bisulfate added to poultry mash to reduce or prevent Salmonella growth over time. The inclusion of the dry acidulant did not reduce Salmonella concentration; however, storage time reduced Salmonella contamination in poultry feed. In summary, Salmonella contamination exists in manufacturing facilities, but the location and magnitude of contamination differs. Furthermore, sodium bisulfate effectively reduces Salmonella contamination when applied as a pet food coating, but not in poultry feed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Boddicker, Nicholas James. "The effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding on Yorkshire pigs selected for reduced residual feed intake." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476277.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Liermann, Wendy [Verfasser]. "Intensity of feed processing : influence on nutrient digestibility, performance and health of growing-finishing pigs / Wendy Liermann." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147758093/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Yousuf, Zarina. "Development and potential of two novel reporter systems for use in lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326434.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Stroka, Jörg. "Determination of aflatoxins in food and feed with simple and optimised methods." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963266624.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Finn, Beverley. "The production of food/feed ingredients by selective cultivation of saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431829.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Budu, Ben Asare. "Economic feasibility of processing food waste and incorporating processed food waste products in least cost duck feeds." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33067.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of this thesis was to analyze the least cost of producing rations for ducks in three age categories from a mixture of conventional feed ingredients and three different processed food waste products and to examine the financial and economic feasibility of establishing an industrial plant to produce these food waste products in the Montreal region. The first part of the thesis was investigated through the use of a linear programming model. The effect of recognizing the variability of protein levels in the various feed ingredients was examined through the use of chance-constrained programming.
The second part of the thesis was examined using economic and financial analyses for the investment. The basic plant requirements to produce the three processed food waste products were the same, however energy costs were different for the three products. Revenue was generated from tipping fees and the sale of the three processed food waste products. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Williams, Hayden Ervin. "Effects of in-feed additives on performance, gut microbe ecology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterobacteria on nursery pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38203.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joel M. DeRouchey
Jason C. Woodworth
Two experiments using a total of 720 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, zinc, or copper on nursery pig growth performance and fecal consistency. Two experiments using a total of 1,534 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of formaldehyde inclusion, lysine level, and synthetic amino acid inclusion on nursery pig performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. One experiment using a total of 300 nursery pigs were used to determine the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) or a probiotic inclusion on nursery pig growth performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Experiment 1 determined the effect of Elarom SES, in-feed antibiotics, or zinc on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or ZnO alone reduced ADG, but G:F was poorest when all three additives were fed in combination. Addition of in-feed antibiotics increased ADG and G:F throughout the study. Experiment 2 determined the effects of Elarom SES or copper inclusion on nursery pig performance and fecal consistency. The addition of Elarom SES or increasing copper did not provide consistent benefits in performance. In both experiments, there were no individual or overall treatment effects or treatment × day interactions observed for fecal consistency. Experiment 3 compared the effects of formaldehyde source and lysine level on nursery pig growth performance. Regardless of source or lys level, the inclusion of formaldehyde in nursery pig diets marginally reduced ADG and resulted in poorer G:F. Experiment 4 compared the effects of formaldehyde and synthetic amino acid inclusion level on nursery pig growth performance, amino acid utilization, and gut microbial community. The inclusion of Sal CURB in diets reduced ADG and ending BW while inclusion decreased ADFI. ADFI response was dependent on synthetic amino acid level in the diet. Sal CURB inclusion in diets reduced total and available lysine, but reduced bacterial microflora in treatment feed. Experiment 5 determined the effects of CTC or a probiotic on nursery pig performance and antimicrobial susceptibility. The addition of CTC to diets improved ADG, ADFI, and ending BW. The addition of Poultry Star improved ADFI and d 14 BW, but benefits did not carry throughout the study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Jackowiak, Jan. "Antemortem inspection of pigs on-farm : impact on food safety and animal welfare." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANM/09anmj12.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Copy of author's previously published artice inserted. Bibliography: leaves 94-105. Antemortem inspection is a visual health check that has always been done at the abattoir before slaughter to separate pigs that are suffering or that may not be completely suitable for human consumption... The adoption of hazard analysis and critical control point quality assurance systems by the Australian Pig Industry has provided a framework for performance of antemortem inspection on-farm. Producers in three states (Victoria, Queensland and South Australia) were trained to conduct antemortem inspection on-farm, and their efficiency evaluated against antemortem inspection conducted at the abattoir.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Burrows, Martin Samuel. "The role of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in the control of behaviour and meat quality in pigs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301757.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wang, Tian, and 王恬. "Developmental physiology of the intestine in neonatal pigs: effects of milk and milk-borne growthfactors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239407.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Bratz, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Effects of antimicrobial feed additives as pre-harvest intervention measure to reduce Campylobacter coli in pigs / Katharina Bratz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076038832/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

McNeilage, Erin Margaret. "Effects of feed enzymes and feeding regimens on growth, digestibility, organ weight, and meat quality in finishing pigs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51084.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Escobar, Carlos Santiago. "EFFECT OF FEEDING A BLEND OF NATURALLY-CONTAMINATED CORN ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND FEED PREFERENCE IN WEANLING PIGS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/8.

Full text

Abstract:

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets with a 2009 and 2010 naturally-contaminated corn to weaning pigs. For both experiments three diets were blended to contain 100% 2010 naturally-contaminated corn (control), 50-50% blend of the 2009 naturally-contaminated corn and 2010 corn (Diet 2), and 100% 2009 naturally-contaminated corn (Diet 3). In Exp. 1, 24 crossbred pigs with an average body weight of 7.64 ± 0.70 kg were allotted to 4 replicates of 3 treatments with 2 pigs per pen, on the basis of gender, litter mate, and BW in a randomized complete block design. Fecal and urine samples were collected and dry matter, energy, and nitrogen apparent digestibility were determined. Dry matter, energy, and nitrogen digestibility were not affected by either Diet 3 or Diet 2 compared to the control diet. In Exp. 2, 30 crossbred pigs with an average body weight of 7.98 ± 1.15 kg were allotted to 3 replicates of 2 comparisons with 5 pigs per pen. Comparisons consisted of: 1) Control vs Diet 3, and 2) Control vs Diet 2. Two feeders were located in each pen containing one of the two diets. Feed preference and growth performance were determined. A preference for the feed containing 2010 corn feed was observed; pigs showed the ability to discriminate mycotoxin-contaminated feed (95.34 vs. 4.66%; P< 0.01). Nutrient digestibility was not affected by these diets, but a clear decrease in feed intake was observed in the pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Biddulph, Etienne. "The inclusion of a Bacillus-based probiotic in feed to increase the dietary energy available to growing pigs." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77863.

Full text

Abstract:

The livestock industry has come under increasing scrutiny for using antibiotics sub-therapeutically as growth promoters. Increased awareness of the negative effects of microbial antibiotic resistance has amplified consumer pressure to raise livestock without the use of these growth promoters. Feed additives and more specifically probiotics could act as an alternative to sub therapeutic AGP use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a spore-forming probiotic (Bioplus YC, Chr. Hansen Denmark) on the nutrient availability of pig feeds and whether the specific probiotic is able to release additional energy (0.3 MJ/kg or 72 kcal/kg on net energy level) from the undigested or unabsorbed dietary fibre fraction. To achieve the aim, the performance of pigs receiving standard and reduced energy diets, with and without a commercially available probiotic feed additive, was measured. A completely randomised block design experiment was conducted at the University of Pretoria’s experimental farm. One hundred and seventy four male pigs from the PIC 337 line (Pig Improvement Company, USA) with an average body weight of 6.81 kg ± 0.587 kg, were obtained from a local commercial farm. The piglets were randomly selected on weaning day from that week’s weaned piglet batch on 21-days of age. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Five feeding phases were used to feed 168 male pigs over an 18-week (126 days) trial period. Four treatments were fed during each phase which included two standard energy diets (Treatment 1 and 2) and two reduced energy diets (Treatment 3 and 4). The lower energy diets (Treatment 3 and Treatment 4) were reduced by 0.3 MJ/kg or 72 kcal/kg on net energy level (NE). Treatment 1 and 3 was supplemented with the probiotic at a manufacturer’s standard dosage of 400 mg/kg of final feed. Production parameters (body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and faecal scoring) were measured weekly and per dietary phase. Slaughter parameters (carcass weight, backfat thickness and lean meat percentage) were measured during the slaughter of the pigs at day 148 of age. Supplementing commercial pig diets with a dual strain probiotic significantly improved body weight and body weight gain from the grower 1 phase onwards until slaughter without affecting the feed intake of animals. The addition of a probiotic could influence the cumulated FCR of supplemented pigs in reduced energy diets when compared to standard energy diets. Positive effects were noted in the carcass weight of probiotic supplemented vs. non supplemented animals. Probiotic supplemention of a reduced energy diet resulted in significantly larger carcasses when compared to the unsupplemented reduced energy group. The compounding effects of a beneficial microbiota balance from weaning, together with the various modes of action that the probiotic enables on the GIT over the entire growing period, most possibly contributed to the positive results seen on production parameters.The probiotic used in this study showed potential as a viable alternative to increase growth rate and can form part of nutrition strategies to increase overall gut health and pig performance.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lindén, Anna. "Biomonitoring of cadmium in pig production /." Uppsala : Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för farmakologioch toxikologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://projkat.slu.se/SafariDokument/222.htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pigs - Food and feed'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles