Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Piles à hydrogène'
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Chabane, Djafar. "Gestion énergétique d'un ensemble réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure et une pile à combustible PEM." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA010/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the phenomena inherent in the coupling of a hydrogen storage system based on metal hydrides and a fuel cell. The aim is to develop an optimal flow management law (electrical, fluidic, thermal).A detailed study was carried out on the various means of hydrogen production and the different methods of its storage. A large place is given to the characterization of the hydrides within the reservoir. This work allowed the development of a new characterization method for hydride tanks. The latter was experimentally carried out with charge and discharge processes carried out on three reservoirs containing different hydrides. Given the manufacturer's confidentiality, several data were not accessible experimentally. Thus, a numerical model of the hydride tank was carried out in the multiphysics Comsol environment. In order to model the thermal coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank, an OD model in the Matlab Simulink environment of a fuel cell, hydride tank and heat exchanger system was realized. These developments resulted in the proposal and study of two topologies for the management of heat exchanges between the fuel cell and the type AB hydride tank: series topology and parallel topology. In the series topology, the same heat transfer fluid circulates in the reservoir and in the fuel cell, which means that the two components have the same operating temperatures. This can cause difficulties in the operation of the POC which generally requires higher operating temperatures than those of the tank. The parallel topology provides the solution to this problem by offering the possibility of two distinct operating temperatures for the PàC and the tank
Mosdale, Renaut. "Etude et développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène en technologie électrolyte polymère solide." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0116.
Full textDiawara, Moussa. "Modélisation DFT des propriétés catalytiques de la Cérine utilisée comme matériaux d’interface dans les Piles à Combustible à Oxyde Solide (SOFC)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC029.
Full textThe development of new materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is a challenge to meet current challenges: lowering operating temperature, use of non-precious metals, flexibility of fuel use or resistance to degradation. For these purposes, a dual theoretical and experimental approach has been developed for many years within the I2E team, in order to develop doped cerine-based materials as interface materials to improve the catalytic properties of SOFC. anodes. The experimental approach was implemented to synthesize nanoparticles of pure cerium oxide (rod, cube or octahedron) respectively exposing the surfaces (110), (100) and (111). The results obtained showed that the orientation (100) was the most reactive, followed by the (110), then the (111) least reactive. On the basis of these experimental results, this thesis aims at developing a DFT approach to study the first step of the activation of hydrogen on a pure CeO2 surface, ie for each crystallographic orientation, the adsorption of the molecule on the surface then its dissociation to form hydroxyl groups: geometry and adsorption energy of the molecular and dissociated states, reaction path leading from the adsorption to the dissociation and the corresponding energies of activation. Then calculations will be made to evaluate the effect of a series of dopants (yttrium, gadolinium, samarium) on the mechanism of hydrogen activation and the corresponding activation energies Key words: SOFC, Ceria, hydrogen, DFT
Simoncini, Nicolas. "Histoire de la recherche sur les piles à combustible en France des années soixante aux années quatre-vingt." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA030/document.
Full textFuel cells, which operation principle is known since the middle of the 19th century, allow to produce electricy, water and heat simultaneously from fuels and combustives like hydrogen and oxygen. At the end of the 50s, these electrochemical generators are perfected, particularly thanks to the work of Francis T. Bacon in England, and are used in the USA by NASA (Aeronautics and Space Administration) for space programs. In France at the same period, private and public laboratories as Alsthom, the IFP (French Petroleum Institute) and the CNRS (French National Center for Scientific Research) start their own studies under the supervision of the Ministry of Defense and the DGRST (General Commission for for Scientific and Technical Research), a national institution in charge of scientific research policy. Until the beginning of the 80s, millions are thus invested and hundreds of researchers, engineers and technicians are mobilized to improve fuel cells, work on their adaptation to electrical cars, trains, submarines, on the construction of fuel cell power plants or specific military equipments. Now that in France fuel cells are considered as major options for energy transition, the objective of this dissertation paper is to analyze this period of their history thanks to a field investigation based on numerous archives and interviews with stakeholders who contributed to researches. We will first expose socio-historical conditions and structural dynamics which make fuel cells become a theme of national interest at the end of the 50s. We will then show how studies are organized and reoriented in the 60s and 70s according to the evolution of the thought collective and the social network created around fuel cells. Finally we will examine all political, economic, scientific and social reasons which led to drop almost all fuel cell researches in the country at the beginning of the 80s
Iosub, Vasile. "Développement et optimisation d'une unité de stockage de l'ydrogène sur hydrures métalliques utilisée dans les systèmes stationnaires de pile à combustible." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002109170204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe work bas started with a thorough study of tbe bibliography on the metal hydrides application as hydrogen storage materials in solid gas process. This study has made possible to determine two familles of intermetallic compounds able to reach the needs of the specific application: the AB5-type compounds with MmNi5-xSnx compositions (Mm stands for mischmetal, a mixture of La, Ce, Nd and Pr as well as tbe AB2-type compounds with Zr-pTipMn2-r-sNirVs compositions. In a second time we have tried to optimise hydrogen absorption properties by modifying the alloy composition and structure. Moreover, a study of the kinetics and ageing during cycling was made. From the experimental results, new relations composition - structure - thermodvnamic properties bave been determined in order to adapt other types of hvdrogen storage materials to the specifications
Escribano, Sylvie. "Optimisation de nouvelles électrodes pour piles à combustible hydrogène/oxygène à membrane électrolyte polymère." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0148.
Full textLabbé, Julien. "L’ hydrogène électrolytique comme moyen de stockage d’électricité pour systèmes photovoltaïques isolés." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1434.
Full textStand alone systems supplied only by a photovoltaic generator need an energy storage unit to be fully self-sufficient. Lead acid batteries are commonly used to store energy because of their low cost, despite several operational constraints. A hydrogen-based energy storage unit (HESU) could be another candidate, including an electrolyser, a fuel cell and a hydrogen tank. However many efforts still need to be carried out for this technology to reach an industrial stage. In particular, market outlets must be clearly identified. The study of small stationary applications (few kW) is performed by numerical simulations. A simulator is developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. It is mainly composed of a photovoltaic field and a storage unit (lead acid batteries, HESU, or hybrid storage HESU/batteries). The system component sizing is achieved in order to ensure the complete system autonomy over a whole year of operation. The simulator is tested with 160 load profiles (1 kW as a yearly mean value) and three locations (Algeria, France and Norway). Two coefficients are set in order to quantify the correlation between the power consumption of the end user and the renewable resource availability at both daily and yearly scales. Among the tested cases, a limit value of the yearly correlation coefficient came out, enabling to recommend the use of the most adapted storage to a considered case. There are cases for which using HESU instead of lead acid batteries can increase the system efficiency, decrease the size of the photovoltaic field and improve the exploitation of the renewable resource. In addition, hybridization of HESU with batteries always leads to system enhancements regarding its sizing and performance, with an efficiency increase by 10 to 40 % depending on the considered location. The good agreement between the simulation data and field data gathered on real systems enabled the validation of the models used in this study
Mathieu-Potvin, François. "Modélisation et optimisation des canaux réactifs de microréacteurs et des piles à combustible à hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30552/30552.pdf.
Full textPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are devices that produce electricity by means of a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. These devices are possible alternatives for the replacement of internal combustion engines. However, they are not yet competitive, because their cost, weight and volume are still too large. A challenge is thus to increase PEMFC efficiency by optimizing their design. The main objective of the present project is to develop mathematical and numerical modeling tools in order to optimize the PEMFC design. First, small-scale transport phenomena in the porous media of PEMFC are formulated mathematically, and then a volume averaging method is used to transform these equations into equations that are valid at a larger scale in the porous media. The new mathematical model obtained with this strategy shows that the mass conservation equation contains an additional term, while the momentum equation remains similar to Darcy’s Law. Second, a numerical model is developed in order to optimize the geometry of catalytic channels in which a fluid undergoes chemical reactions. This kind of flow may represent, for example, the reacting species that move in PEMFC channels. Correlations are developed analytically in order to predict the optimal designs for these channels. These correlations were validated with numerical simulations. The results obtained may be applied to several different devices (e.g., microreactors, monolith, PEMFC). Finally, the mathematical and numerical model of a PEMFC are developed and validated. This model is used to optimize catalyst allocation between the anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell, and also to optimize catalyst distribution within the cathode catalyst layer. The analysis shows that an unequal allocation of catalyst between the anode and cathode sides results in a higher electric current. It was also shown that a non-uniform catalyst distribution within the cathode layer yields higher electric current. Finally, the most influential parameters of the numerical model were identified by a sensitivity analysis.
Desplobain, Sébastien. "Étude et réalisation de couches de diffusion de gaz en silicium poreux appliquées à la fabrication de micropiles à hydrogène." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4030/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with porous silicon gas diffusion layer (GDL) fabrication process. The aim was to integrate this GDL into proton exchange membrane micro fuel cells (PEMFC). Consequently, the GDL must be localized in specific wafer areas. We have also developed 2D and 3D structures. To produce a GDL, we have anodized low doped N type silicon subrates. thus, we have fabricated macroporous GDL and double layer structures made up of a mesaporous layer on a macroporous one. Patterning of the GDL has been obtained through a hard mask (polysilicon on top of a silicon oxide layer) or using a localized doping. We have concluded this work by achieving micro fuel cell prototypes with macroporous silicon gas diffusion layers. After validation of micro PEMFC active layer mechanical stacking, we have measured a maximum power density of about 250 mW/cm²
Carvalho-Padilha, Janine. "Liquidos iônicos como eletrólitos para reaçóes electroquimicas." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S030.
Full textIonic liquids (LI) BMI. BF₄ and BMI. PF₆ were used as electrolytes in several electrochemical reactions : hydrogen production by water electrolysis, energy generation in fuel cells (H₂ cells) and study of conducting polymers. In this work we show that ILs can be used as electrolytes for H₂ production by H₂O electrolysis at room temperature, with a high efficiency and the use a low carbon steel (LCS) electrocatalyst with better performance than that platinum (Pt). The H₂ obtained by water electrolysis has high purity and can be used to perform energy generation in fuel cells with 67% efficiency. Finally, the study of the electrochemical behaviour of organic conducting polymers of the polyfluorene family in pure Ionic Liquid (IL) or in organic solution containing IL demonstrates that the p-doping processes of the polyfluorenes is very difficult in pure IL and somewhat easier in mixed media
Rabih, Samer. "Contribution à la modélisation de systèmes réversibles de types électrolyseur et pile à hydrogène en vue de leur couplage aux générateurs photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7731/1/rabih.pdf.
Full textLe, Thi Chi. "Production d’hydrogène par un système de reformage de bioéthanol en vue de l’alimentation d’une pile à combustible PEM." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1559.
Full textIn the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions context, the use of hydrogen is a promising solution since it is a clean source of energy. Therefore, PEM fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity by an electrochemical way, appear to be a future alternative for automotive, portable or stationary applications. Because the storage and distribution of hydrogen actually still show difficulties, the on-board hydrogen production from bio-ethanol reforming – an environmentally friendly fuel – is an alternative solution. Therefore, a new kind of power plant has been designed in this work. It is mainly made up of a bio-ethanol steam reforming unit, a reformate purification system based on a hydrogen permeating membrane, a PEM fuel cell and a burner fed by the non-permeated gases. The benefit of using a membrane instead of a classical chemical purification way is that it considerably reduces the volume of the system. In this work, theoretical simulations of different architectures of power plants have shown the interest of using a membrane power plant instead of a chemical purification power plant in terms of global energetic yield and dimensions. Furthermore, an experimental setup made of reforming and membrane purification units has been designed and built, and experiments have been carried out to develop a kinetic model of the bio-ethanol steam reforming and a permeance model, in order to design these units. Based on these models, two membrane power plants are proposed: the first one is optimized for automotive application; the second one is optimized for stationary or small portable power use, with the best compromise between performance and dimensions
Merle, Agnès. "Etude de catalyseurs à base de platine pour électrodes de piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10125.
Full textOsuna, Sanchez Hector. "Étude et modélisation d’un réacteur de production d‘hydrogène par décomposition catalytique du méthane." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10028.
Full textDesaunay, Thomas. "Approche théorique et expérimentale pour la conception de nouveaux catalyseurs à base de CeO2 pour l'anode des piles à combustible." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066575.
Full textDesign of new materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is required in order to address the current challenges: lowering of the working temperature, use of none precious metals, fuel flexibility or resistance to deterioration. For these purposes, an approach combining experiments and theory was conducted in order to characterize the fundamental properties of cerium oxide. This material has shown good performances as an electrocatalytic catalyst at the anode of SOFCs. It was processed in the form of thin layers, dense, conformal to the substrates and showing an excellent crystalline quality by atomic layer deposition (ALD), as well as by cost-effective methods such as chemical bath deposition (CBD). Moreover, nanoparticles of cerium oxide exposing well-defined surfaces were synthesized in order to enable a fundamental study of these surfaces. Experimental and theoretical chemistry data shown that the (111) surface is the most stable, while the reactivity of the surfaces toward hydrogen oxidation shows the order (100) > (110) > (111). These results pave the way to the design of shape-controlled catalysts for SOFC anode
Upasen, Settakorn. "Stabilité chimique et structurale de pérovskites céramiques de conductrice protoniques pour piles à combustible et électrolyseurs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066270/document.
Full textThe chemical and structural stability of well-densified ceramics potentially used as H2/air fuelcell/electrolyzer (and perhaps in CO2/Hydrocabons Converter) electrolyte or electrodes vs. CO2-free/saturated pressurized water has been studied. The pressurization maximizes the efficiency of theenergy conversion systems. Four types of pervoskite-related oxide ceramics were concerned:BaCe0.4Zr0.5Y0.1Zn0.04O3-d (BCZYZ), SrZr0.9Er0.1O3-d (SZE), Ln2NiO4+d (LNO, Ln = La, Pr, Nd), andLa0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF6428). Dense ceramic samples were exposed at 550°C to water vaporpressure in an autoclave for days to weeks. The protonation treatments were performed in twodifferent conditions: operating condition (£20 bar of CO2-free water pressure, 550°C) and acceleratedaging conditions (³40 bar of CO2-free/CO2-saturated water pressure, 550°C). The pristine and‘protonated’ samples were characterized using various analysis techniques: Optical Microscopy,Thermogravimetry, Thermal Expansion, (micro/macro) ATR FTIR, Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-rayand Neutron Scattering. The study reveals that under the operating condition (£20 bar), the stability ofLNO/LSCF6428 electrode materials and of SZE electrolyte appears good, while the BCZYZelectrolyte exhibit significant corrosion. The superior stability of LSFC6428 exposed in extreme CO2-water vapor atmosphere was demonstrated about 5 to 30 times better than LNO and SZE homologues.The surface secondary phases form at the grain boundary. The protonation modifies more or less thestructure symmetry, the unit-cell volume/parameter and the phase transition sequence in relation withthe modification of the oxygen vacancy distribution. The proton doping level for different samples isalso discussed
Rodriguez, Julien. "Production d'hydrogène par photocatalyse et conversion électrochimique dans une pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978688.
Full textRaugel, Ewen. "Etude théorique, expérimentale et numérique des piles à combustible anaérobies confinées en vue d'applications offshore." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1240.
Full textStepanek, Ingrid. "Contribution à l'étude du stockage de l'hydrogène dans les nanotubes de carbone." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20087.
Full textCandusso, Denis. "Contribution à l'expérimentation de générateurs à piles à combustible de type PEM pour les systèmes de transport." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802373.
Full textMarty, Philippe. "Procédé et dispositif de génération d'hydrogène par conversion à haute température avec vapeur d'eau." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP1140.
Full textThis work deals with the field of hydrogen generation by non catalytic fuel reforming, at high temperature, with the aim to feed a PEM type H2/02 fuel cell for transport applications. It appears as an interesting alternative to the use of catalysts. Indeed, the proposed thermal reforming eliminates the poisoning and coke formation problems associated with catalytic reformers. Besides, it enables the realisation of a reforming system that accepts all types of fuels, without the need to adapt a specific catalyst to the fuel molecules to be reformed. The comparison of the different hydrogen production processes (partial oxidation, steam-reforming and autothermal reforming) is done considering the constraints imposed by the PEM fuel cell and the results of calculations on stoichiometric reactions. It results in the choice of the hybrid steam-reforming (HSR) process, which fits very well to the characteristics of the PEM fuel cell and enables an energetic optimisation of the whole system. A chemical kinetic model adapted to the propane HSR process is used to identify the temperature levels and residence times necessary to proceed the HSR reaction withou catalyst and to avoid the persistence of methane, non methanic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrogen-rich mixture. From the results, a procedure is given to define a non catalytic reformer. This procedure is applied for the design of a first laboratory-scale HSR reactor fed with propane. Experimental results (chemical composition, reformate and wall temperatures) are presented and compared with the results of the calculations done during the design phase
Passot, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale et par modélisation de l'impact d'impuretés de l'hydrogène sur le fonctionnement des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813426.
Full textNgo, Biboum Bimbong Rosa. "Polyoxométallates et chimie verte : molécules et matériaux nanostructurés pour la conversion de l'énergie et l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612028.
Full textGagnon-Thibault, Évelyne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29167/29167.pdf.
Full textDupont, Céline. "A model surface approach to CO oxidation aiming at the purification of H2 combustible : the Pt3Sn(111) surface investigated by HREELS, PM-IRRAS and DFT." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0464.
Full textAn interesting solution to produce clean energy ist the use of fuel cells, in which hydrogen is oxidized on a platinium catlyst. However, H2 is usually polluted by carbon monoxide, a catalyst poison, due ton the strong CO/Pt affinity. In order to achieve the Preferential Oxydation of CO in presence of a large excess of H2 (PROX), bimetallic alloys are a promising solution. In this work, the adsorption and vibrational properties of the intermediate involved in CO oxidation are addressed on both terminations of the Pt3Sn(111) alloy. First preferential sites antd relative stabilities of CO, O, O2 and CO + O2 adsorbates are investigated from a combined experimental (HREELS, PM-IRRAS) and theorical (DFT) study. Then, the elementary acts of CO oxidation are explored by DFT and mass spectrometry. Last the PROX mechanism is considered theoretically and preliminary experimental results are presented, leading ton an explanation of the higher efficiency of Pt3Sn(111) compared to Pt(111)
Guenot, Benoit. "Etude de matériaux catalytiques pour la conversion électrochimique de l'énergie Clean hydrogen generation from the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol inside a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC): effect of methanol concentration and working temperature Electrochemical reforming of Dimethoxymethane in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell: a way to generate clean hydrogen for low temperature fuel cells." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0004.
Full textHydrogen is a promising energy vector, particularly for energy storage from intermittent energy sources such as solar or wind. The development of its production methods and its electrochemical conversion represents a major challenge in the context of energy transition in which we live nowadays. Fuel cells and electrolyzers using PEM technology (Proton Exchange Membrane) are mature electrochemical energy conversion systems, while reversible systems capable of performing both functions – unitized regenerative fuel cells – are still in the early stage of development. Their main technological bottleneck is the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The catalytic materials used in these systems are mainly noble metals and it is necessary to reduce as much as possible their loading in the electrodes to decrease the system cost. Three complementary aspects have been developed during this thesis. On the one hand, iridium and ruthenium oxides have been prepared by hydrothermal treatment in order to catalyze the oxygen evolution under electrolyzer operation. On the other hand, platinum-based catalysts supported on non-carbonaceous materials, especially titanium nitride, have been synthesized by colloidal routes, in order to catalyze the oxygen reduction under fuel cell operation. The combination of these materials is the first step towards the design of a bifunctional oxygen electrode. The third topic focuses on the production of hydrogen and proposes an alternative to the oxidation of water. The electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds such as methanol or dimethoxymethane using platinum and ruthenium based catalysts allows producing clean hydrogen with a lower electrical energy consumption compared to the electrolysis of water
Huo, Da. "Impact de la nanostructuration sur la diffusion de l’hydrogène étudiée par une approche multi-échelle dans le matériau pyrochlore La₂Zr₂O₇ dopé Sr." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0046/document.
Full textDue to the increase of energy demand and environmental issues of fossil energy, many researches are moving towards green energy. In this context, several technologies using hydrogen have been developed. To reduce the working temperature of SOFC fuel cell, the concept of PCFC is emerging. The ionic conductivity is due to hydrogen instead of oxide anions. The A₂B₂O₇ compounds are promising candidates as electrolyte materials for PCFC. However, it appears necessary to understand the hydrogen diffusion mechanisms in these materials before to investigate news materials with best properties. In this work, a multi-scale approach is performed to study the impact of microstructure on proton-conducting properties in Sr doped La₂Zr₂O₇ as model material. Several synthetic routes have been used to obtain powders with different morphologies.At the nanometric scale, studies by X-ray diffraction, then by Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have shown that the low temperature structure were disordered a pyrochlore structure. The latter is ordered during thermal annealing. At the micrometric scale, ion beam techniques allowed us to get the hydrogen concentration profiles on the previously hydrated materials. The amount of incorporated hydrogen depends on the densification processes. At the macroscopic scale, impedance spectroscopy measurements were used to obtain information on the electrical behavior of materials. Evidence of proton conductivity has been demonstrated in wet atmosphere. This conductivity is highly dependent not only on the sample preparation but also on processes densification used
Vichard, Loic. "Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.
Full textThese thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component
Ngo, Biboum Bimbong Rosa. "Polyoxométallates et chimie verte : molécules et matériaux nanostructurés pour la conversion de l’énergie et l’environnement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112095/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the synthesis of nanostructured composite materials based on polyoxometalates for energy conversion and applications to environmental problems. To achieve these goals, many new compounds of this family of molecular oxides were synthesized and were associated with different nature friendly matrices, in agreement with the main criteria of Green Chemistry. In the field of energy, the new catalysts have proved very effective in important but difficult to achieve reactions, such as producing hydrogen, oxygen reduction or water oxidation. Similarly, among applications to pollution problems, these nanomaterials have shown a strong electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activity for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, bromate and for the photodegradation of a toxic textile dye, Acid Orange 7. The performances of these new catalysts are comparable to those of the best known systems
Gianotti, Elia. "High purity hydrogen generation via partial dehydrogenation of fuels." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20078/document.
Full textThis thesis work have been developed in the general context of the development of more electrified and environmentally friendly means of transport, in order to significantly reduce greenhouse gases emissions. More specifically, the objective of this thesis project was to study the feasibility of the concept of on-board hydrogen generation by catalytic partial dehydrogenation (PDh) of fuel. The hydrogen produced serves to power a fuel cell system that replaces vehicles auxiliary power units. At the same time the fuel, that is only partially dehydrogenated, maintains its properties and can be re-injected into the fuel pool.This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the research on the PDh of kerosene to produce hydrogen on-board an aircraft. The choice of the catalyst is crucial: it should allow to produce high purity hydrogen without compromising the original properties of kerosene. Advanced materials, composed by metals impregnated on different supports, have been developed, characterized and evaluated as a catalysts in the reaction of PDh. The influence of catalyst composition on the activity, selectivity and stability as well as the deactivation mechanisms were studied. One of the optimized catalytic materials, composed of a 1% Pt - Sn 1% (w/w) active phase supported on a γ-alumina with controlled porosity, allowed a hydrogen production of 3500 NL•h-1•kgcat-1, with a purity of 97.6% vol. and a lifetime of 79 h, which corresponds to 3.5 kW of electric power supplied by fuel cells.The second part of the manuscript describes a study on diesel and gasoline and asses the feasibility of hydrogen generation by PDh of fuels different from kerosene. The results obtained with the previously mentioned catalyst are encouraging and show the possibility of applying this concept to other fields of transportation beside the aviation. The most significant results obtained with gasoline and diesel surrogates are respectively a hydrogen productivity value of 3500 et 1800 NL•h-1•kgcat-1 with lifetimes of 29 and 376 h and a purity that exceeds 99% vol. in both cases
Guesnet, Laura. "Développement de nouvelles architectures de piles à combustible SOFC tout cérine pour un fonctionnement à température réduite." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0218.
Full textWhen involving new solid oxide cells (SOCs) architectures, it’s possible to reduce their operating temperature. The objective of this thesis was therefore to develop innovative shaping processes in order to reduce the cell manufacturing steps number, also allowing to reduce their cost : the preparation of a porous/dense/porous support by tape-casting, then the infiltration of catalysts to obtain the electrodes was the chosen process. The porous/dense/porous support was only prepared with GDC10 (Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ) to avoid chemical reactivity issues between the various layers. During this thesis, two shaping methods were successively used: pressing/screen-printing/infiltration (1) then tape-casting/infiltration (2). In each case, the shaping parameters have been optimized in order to obtain the best electrochemical performances. The shaping method (1) was already part of a thesis topic at ICMCB regarding the oxygen side of the SOC, but it has been here improved regardin the hydrogen side: the collecting layer, the catalyst nature (NiO, CuO, yttrium doped ceria), infiltration rate. To reduce the number of required cycles and improve the impregnation quality, a new technique was used: the infiltration in supercritical medium. In the case of shaping (2), the specific parameters of the i) suspension preparation (additives nature, nature of the used balls/jar) and of the ii) porous/dense/ porous supports (debinding/sintering cycles) have made it possible to obtain polarization resistances very close to those obtained by shaping (1), despite slightly higher series resistances, probably in linkto some remaining carbon pollution. The parameters finally retained are: a phosphoric ester type dispersant, 90% of graphite added to shape the porous skeletons, a debinding performed at 800°C/6h under wet O2, and a whole sintering at 1450°C/3h
Aiteur, Imad-Eddine. "Modélisation, commande et optimisation d’un réseau multi-sources. Application à la traction de véhicules électriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC047.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the investigation of control approaches to treat the issue of energy management of multi-source electrical networks. The considered electric motor supply system consists on a fuel cell as a main energy source and an additional element that supplies peak power and charges by regenerative braking. At first, three energy management strategies have been applied to the sypply system aiming to minimize the fuel cell hydrogen mass consumption while satisfying the system physical constraints. First, the optimization is realized using dynamic programming,an off-line optimization method that requires the knowledge of the entire power load profile. Secondly, twoon-line optimization approaches are used : ECMS and MPC strategies, for which only the current power demand is demanded.The second part of this thesis presents a decentralized control strategy applied to the power system. The dedicated control structure aims to assure an optimal operation of the FC system while respecting the compressor physical limits and to control the converter current sand network output voltage. To attain these objectives, a dynamic model of the FC system is used,in addition to the SSE and electric network dynamics. The FC system regulation and the control of the SSE state of energy are performed separately with two different controllers, both designed using (MPC-LTV) approach. The third and fourth levels of the decentralized control structure consists on inner control loops for fuel cell/supercapacitor currents and a DC bus voltage control loop, designed using PI controllers. The validation of the control structure is performed in simulation using a nonlinear models of the FC system and the SSE. To validate and compare the performance of different control methods based on a fuel cell static model, these approaches have been applied to the dynamic model of the FC and compared to the results obtained by applying the approched designed and based on an FC dynamic model. A comparison in terms of network efficiency and hydrogen consumption has been done
Arapova, Marina. "Synthesis and properties of the Ni-based catalysts for the valorization of ethanol and glycerol via steam reforming reaction for hydrogen production." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF031/document.
Full textThe three catalytic families based on Ni-containing perovskites: massive [LnFe1-x-yNiyMxO3-δ] (Ln=La, Pr; B=Co, Mn, Ru), supported [mLnNi0.9Ru0.1О3/nMg-γ-Al2O3] (Ln = La, Pr) and structured [mLaNi0.9Ru0.1О3/nMg-γ-Al2O3/structured foams] were synthesized, characterized and tested in the reactions of the ethanol and glycerol steam reforming. The effects of the chemical composition and synthesis method on the structural and textural properties, as well as on reducibility of initial samples were evaluated. The preferred use of Pr, Ni and Ru in the catalyst composition was shown for all families. The essential role of the effective γ-Al2O3 support modification with the ≥10 % wt. of Mg introduced by wetness impregnation for the supported catalyst was also proved. Catalysts of the optimal composition providing a high activity in steam reforming of both ethanol and glycerol at T= 650 °С were found: the best massive catalyst based on the PrFe0.6Ni0.3Ru0.1O3 precursor provides high activity for at least 7 hours, which is explained by the ease of their reduction and the oxidation-reduction properties of the praseodymium oxide formed. Supported 10-20% PrNi0.9Ru0.1O3/10-15%Mg-γ-Al2O3 provide the greatest yield of hydrogen (~ 90%) and stability for ~ 20 hours. Structured catalyst based on the metal Ni-Al platelet provides the yield of hydrogen 80-87% in oxy-steam and steam reforming of ethanol in the concentrated mixtures (ethanol concentration of 30%) in a pilot reactor for 40 hours. The results obtained make these structured catalytic systems very promising to use in electrochemical generators based on fuel cells with the use of inexpensive renewable resource – bio-oil
Gentil, Solène. "Enzymes et catalyseurs bio-inspirés immobilisés sur électrodes nanostructurées pour l'élaboration de piles H2/air sans métaux nobles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV058/document.
Full textNew energy technologies alternative to fossil fuels utilization is a key issue to mitigate greenhouse gases emission and develop a sustainable economy. In this context, platinum-based proton exchange membrane fuel cells use oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. In nature multicopper oxidases and hydrogenases catalyze these two reactions, respectively. These enzymes and corresponding bioinspired catalysts have been used as alternatives to the rare and expensive platinum metal. First, a mononuclear bis-diphosphine nickel complex surrounded by arginine residues was immobilized onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and demonstrated excellent performances for HOR developing high current densities over a wide range of pH. This anode was integrated in a PEMFC, which achieved high power densities (15 mW cm-2), only five times lower as compared to classical PEMFC prepared under similar conditions. Regarding ORR catalysis, we covalently grafted LLaccases from Trametes sp C30 multicopper oxidases onto NTCs electrodes and achieved direct electron transfer. Using, bilirubin oxidase deposited on CNTs at the cathode side, we proposed a new concept of hybrid enzymatic/bio-inspired H2/air fuel cell. This hydrogen fuel cell delivered 1.8 mW.cm-2 and a high open circuit voltage of 1V. Finally, various copper complexes inspired from the active sites of copper enzymes were assessed for ORR and the first H2/air fuel cell containing noble metal-free molecular catalysts at both electrodes is reported, achieving 160 µW.cm-2 power density
Teh, Siew Pheng. "Purification de l'hydrogène par l'oxydation préférentielle du monoxyde de carbone pour une application pile à combustible : développement de catalyseurs supportés sur monolithe, étude mécanistique et cinétique." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10024.
Full textCollong, Sophie. "Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Full textThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Dessi, Paolo. "Mesophilic and thermophilic biohydrogen and bioelectricity production from real and synthetic wastewaters." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2056/document.
Full textDark fermentation and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are two emerging technologies for biological conversion of the chemical energy of organic compounds into hydrogen (H2) and electricity, respectively. Due to kinetic and thermodynamic advantages, high temperature can be the key for increasing both dark fermentative H2 production and electricity production in MFCs. Therefore, this thesis focuses on delineating how temperature influences biological production of H2 and electricity from organic carbon-containing wastewaters. Two heat-treated inocula (fresh and digested activated sludge) were compared, for H2 production from xylose at 37, 55 and 70 °C. At both 37 and 55 °C, a higher H2 yield was achieved by the fresh than digested activated sludge, whereas a very low H2 yield was obtained by both inocula at 70 °C. Then, four different inoculum pretreatments (acidic, alkaline, heat and freezing shocks) were evaluated for creating an efficient mesophilic (37 °C) or thermophilic (55 °C) H2 producing community. Acidic and alkaline shocks selected known H2 producing microorganisms belonging to Clostridiaceae at the expenses of lactate producing bacteria, resulting in the highest H2 yield at 37 and 55 °C, respectively. Although a heat shock resulted in a low H2 yield in a single batch, H2 production by the heat-treated fresh activated sludge was shown to increase in the experiment with four consecutive batch cycles.Heat-treated fresh activated sludge was selected as inoculum for continuous H2 production from a xylose-containing synthetic wastewater in a mesophilic (37 °C) and a thermophilic (55-70 °C, increased stepwise) fluidized bed reactor (FBR). A higher H2 yield was obtained in the thermophilic than in the mesophilic FBR. Furthermore, H2 production at 70 °C, which failed in the earlier batch study, was successful in the FBR, with a stable yield of 1.2 mol H2 mol-1 xyloseadded. Operation temperature of 70 °C was also found optimal for H2 production from thermomechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater in a temperature gradient incubator assay.A RNA approach was used to study the structure and role of the anode-attached, membrane-attached and planktonic microbial communities in a mesophilic (37 °C) and a thermophilic (55 °C) two-chamber, xylose-fed MFC. An anode attached community dominated by Geobacteraceae sustained electricity production at 37 °C, whereas the establishment of methanogenic and H2 oxidizing microorganisms resulted in a low electricity production at 55 °C. However, the development of a thermophilic exoelectrogenic community can be promoted by applying a start-up strategy which includes imposing a negative potential to the anode and chemical inhibition of methanogens. A mesophilic exoelectrogenic community was also shown to produce electricity from TMP wastewater in an upflow MFC operated at 37 °C. In conclusion, a higher and more stable H2 yield can be achieved in thermophilic rather than mesophilic dark fermentation. Dark fermentation at 70 °C is particularly suitable for treatment of TMP wastewater as it is released at high temperature (50-80 °C) and could be treated on site. TMP wastewater can be also used as substrate for electricity production in mesophilic MFCs. Electricity production in thermophilic MFCs is feasible, but enrichment of thermophilic exoelectrogenic microorganisms may require a long start-up period
Tan, Chiuan Chorng. "A new concept of regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell (R-‐PEMFC)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0012.
Full textThe past works found in the literature have focused on either PEM fuel cell or electrolyzer-PEM. Some of the papers even studied the unitised reversible regenerative fuel cell (URFC) and the solar power hydrogen system by integrating both fuel cell and electrolyzer. Unlike the URFC, our design has an individual compartment for each PEMFC and E-PEM systems and named Quasi-URFC. With this new concept, the main objective is to reduce the cost of regenerative fuel cell (RFC) by minimizing the ratio of the catalyst’s geometric surface area of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of both cell modes. Apart from that, we also aim to build a compact, light and portable RFC.This research work is divided into three parts: the modeling, assembly of the prototype and the experimentation work. As for the modeling part, a 2D multi-physics model has been developed in order to analyze the performance of a three chamber-regenerative fuel cell, which consists of both fuel cell and electrolyzer systems. This numerical model is based on solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, species and electric current by using a finite-element approach on 2D grids. Simulations allow the calculation of velocity, gas concentration, current density and potential's distributions in fuel cell mode and electrolysis mode, thus help us to predict the behavior of Quasi-RFC. Besides that, the assembly of the first prototype of the new concept of regenerative fuel cell has been completed and tested during the three years of PhD studies. The experimental results of the Three-Chamber RFC are promising in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes and validate the simulation results that previously obtained by modeling
Fonseca, Ramon Naiff da. "Optimization of the sizing and the energy management for a hybrid fuel cell vehicle including fuel cell dynamics and durability constraints." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0110/document.
Full textThe hydrogen, through the use of fuel cell stacks (FC), has been increasily considered as an energy possible option for the transport sector. Nevertheless, the technology related to its implementation in fuel cell vehicles has not reached the required maturity level. Therefore, this work intends to deal some of these existing limitations. More precisely, three topics represent the objectives of this work: The optimal sizing of the element present in the fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The development of an optimal energy management strategy oriented for real time applications and including the dynamic constraints of the FC system. The inclusion of the fuel cell durability in the vehicle energy management strategy. The first topic is tackled by the development of a sizing methodology adapted to the fuel cell hybrid vehicle application. Using a systematic approach, the proposed sizing method combine the performance requirements present in the vehicle's technical specifications, optimization algorithms, population mobility behavior and the economic viability of the design. The second assigned objective was developed using an optimization approach for the power split between the battery and the FC system. Through the adoption of a global optimization method allied with a predictive control strategy and the inclusion of the FC system dynamics, it was created an energy management algorithm oriented for real time applications. Finally, the fuel cell durability was included in this work by the integration of its degradation dynamics in the optimization problem, which is related to the vehicle's energy management. Such dynamic represents a constraint that should be taken into account in the power sharing between the FC system and battery
Lang, Charlotte. "Développement de catalyseurs pour la réaction de conversion du gaz à l'eau dans le cadre de la production d'hydrogène par vapogazéification de la biomasse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF009/document.
Full textThe UNIfHY European project was launched in an optic of producing hydrogen from biomass to replace fossil fuels. Purification of gases produced by biomass gasification allows obtaining pure hydrogen which can be used in fuel cells. This thesis takes part in this project with the development of Fe/CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 catalysts deposited on ceramic foam supports for high temperature and low temperature water gas shift reaction to increase the production of hydrogen and decrease the pressure drop in the system. The main objectives of this thesis are the synthesis and characterizations of iron and copper based catalysts, the optimization of reaction conditions within the limits of the framework set by the project, the kinetic modeling of the reaction in the presence of Fe/CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 catalysts and the scale-up of catalysts to use them in a pilot reactor
Brousse-Pereira, Elodie. "Elaboration par projection thermique d’éléments finement structurés d’un électrolyseur à haute température pour la production d’hydrogène : procédés, structures et caractéristiques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/06f0d707-179e-42b8-b6c1-412cb6f9b937/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4070.pdf.
Full textNowadays manufacturing fuel for solid oxide fuel cells by mean of steam water electrolysis is a real challenge. Nanomaterials should find their place in this way. And then plasma spraying, a process with high ratio, allows manufacturing such nanoscaled materials with varying thicknesses. In this study two of the three HTE layers were manufactured by suspension plasma spraying in the case of the electrolyte and by atmospheric plasma spraying of agglomerated nanoparticules in the case of the anode. Finally the use of the TriplexPro 200 torch, which fluctuations are lower than 20% and which allows decoupling velocity from surface temperature of the in-flight particles, gives the opportunity of manufacturing a gastight electrolyte layer and a second phase less anode layer
Linares, Lamus Rafael Antonio. "Alimentation d’une bobine supraconductrice par une pile à combustible à hydrogène et conception d'un aimant vectoriel de 3 T." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0249/document.
Full textThe fuel cell (FC) converts the chemical energy of the reactants into direct electrical energy, heat and water. The FC is generally used around an operating point (or area) corresponding to a maximum of electric power. The direct current produced by the redox reaction is proportional to the active surface of the single cell and its voltage, which is approximately 0.6 V at the nominal operating point, can be increase by connecting several cells in series (constituting a stack). Due to its low DC voltage amplitude, its use in electrical systems requires the use of power converters. In this work, we have been interested taking benefit of such DC low voltage power source and more precisely the use of the FC as a current source controllable by the one of the reactant flow rates. The expertise of GREEN laboratory in the field of superconductors has naturally led us to an innovative application, namely to substitute the power supplies dedicated to the superconducting devices by a FC. A first promising test conducted on a 4 mH superconducting coil highlighted the full potential of such an application and encouraged us to extend the study to highly inductive superconducting coils where the energies involved are more important. This requires to carefully design the test bench with a protection system for the FC as well as operating conditions. To this end, a FC model supplying a superconducting coil has been developed and tested experimentally. At the same time, we have focused on the supply part of the superconducting coil by designing an innovative superconducting device, commonly called a three-axis vector magnet. This system can be used as a load for a fuel cell, but also, and above all, as a tool for the characterization of superconducting samples. This vector magnet allows to orient a magnetic field of several tesla in the three space directions, with a uniformity of more than 95 % in a 100 mm sphere of diameter. This design allowed us to realize the windings supporting structure and to choose a superconducting wire. The complete system has to cost less than 50 k€, including the cryostat, we have finally choose a superconducting wire with low critical temperature, cooled by liquid helium
Beaugrand, Anne-Viviane. "Choix de matériau pour l'élaboration d'un réacteur de reformage de l'éthanol pour l'alimentation d'une pile à combustible." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1534.
Full textVideau, Nicolas. "Convertisseurs continu-continu non isolés à haut rapport de conversion pour Piles à Combustible et Electrolyseurs - Apport des composants GaN." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988205.
Full textMa, Rui. "Solid oxide fuel cell modeling and lifetime prediction for real-time simulations." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA018.
Full textThis thesis first presents a multi-physical modeling of a 2D reversible tubular solid oxide cell. The developed model can represent both a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operations. By taking into account of the electrochemical, fluidic and thermal physical phenomena, the presented model can accurately describe the multi-physical effects inside a cell for both fuel cell and electrolysis cell operation under entire working range of cell current and temperature. In addition, an iterative solver is proposed which is used to solve the 2D distribution of physical quantities along the tubular cell. The reversible solid oxide cell model is then validated experimentally in both SOEC and SOFC configurations under different species partial pressures, operating temperatures and current densities conditions. Meanwhile, a control-oriented syngas fuel cell model includes both hydrogen and carbon monoxide co-oxidation phenomena are also proposed. The developed syngas model is validated experimentally under different operating conditions regarding different reaction temperatures, species partial pressures and entire working range of current densities. The developed model can be used in embedded applications like real-time simulation, which can help to design and test the control and online diagnostic strategy for fuel cell power generation system in the industrial applications.Real-time simulation is important for the fuel cell online diagnostics and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests before industrial applications. However, it is hard to implement real-time multi-dimensional, multi-physical fuel cell models due to the model numerical stiffness issues. Thus, the numerical stiffness of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) real-time model is analyzed to identify the perturbation ranges related to the fuel cell electrochemical, fluidic and thermal domains. Some of the commonly used ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers are then tested for the real-time simulation purpose. At last, the novel stiff ODE solver is proposed to improve the stability and reduce the multi-dimensional real-time fuel cell model execution time. To verify the proposed model and the ODE solver, real-time simulation experiments are carried out in a common embedded real-time platform. The experimental results show that the execution speed satisfies the requirement of real-time simulation. The solver stability under strong stiffness and the high model accuracy are also validated.Fuel cell are vulnerable to the impurities of hydrogen and operating conditions, which could cause the degradation of output performance over time during operation. Thus, the prediction of the performance degradation draws attention lately and is critical for the reliability of the fuel cell system. Thus, an innovative degradation prediction method using Grid Long Short-Term Memory (G-LSTM) recurrent neutral network (RNN) is proposed. LSTM can effectively avoid the gradient exploding and vanishing problem compared with conventional RNN architecture, which makes it suitable for the prediction of long time period. By paralleling and combining the LSTM cells, G-LSTM architecture can further optimize the prediction accuracy of the PEMFC performance degradation. The proposed prediction model is experimentally validated by three different types of PEMFC: 1.2 kW NEXA Ballard fuel cells, 1 kW Proton Motor PM200 fuel cells and 25 kW Proton Motor PM200 fuel cells. The results indicate that the proposed G-LSTM network can predict the fuel cell degradation in a precise way. The proposed G-LSTM deep learning approach can be efficiently applied to predict and optimize the lifetime of fuel cell in transportation applications
Chaabna, Solène Houria. "Passivity-based modeling and power routing of a multi-source power cell for hydrogen production." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I065.
Full textGreen hydrogen is emerging as a powerful solution for the storage of surplus electricity which is generated through renewable energy sources. However, a green hydrogen power cell involves multiphysics phenomena as electrical, fluidic, thermal, etc. and the representation of dynamical power flows therein is quite complex. Furthermore, the power exchange between the different components of the cell (Fuel cell, Electrolyzer, storage units, renewable sources) needs to be thought in terms of global performance while taking care of the energy reserves.This thesis proposes a Bond Graph derived port-Hamiltonian representation of all the components of a green hydrogen power cell. From this representation, it is possible to design passivity-based control algorithms. The notion of passivity margin is introduced to account for the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties or known disturbances. For each component, the excess or shortage of power feeds an Energy Tank, which behaves as a virtual storage unit. Hence, the set of Energy Tanks is an image of the power reserves in the power cell. Instead of using conventional power routing between each component, we propose to manage power flows between the Energy Tanks, which allows us to control not only the power intensity, but also the level of energy within the tanks. Hence, the methodology enables to control both power and energy at the same time, paving the way to Operating Mode Management triggered by energy levels. An application is given on a platform including a fuel call, renewable energy sources, and a conventional storage unit
Aissani, Lynda. "Intégration des paramètres spatio-temporels et des risques d'accident à l'Analyse du Cycle de Vie : Application à la filière hydrogène énergie et à la filière essence." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783708.
Full textGailly, Frédéric. "Alimentation électrique d'un site isolé à partir d'un générateur photovoltaïque associé à un tandem électrolyseur/pile à combustible (batterie H2/O2)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11527/1/Gailly_Frederic.pdf.
Full textBento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463857.
Full textBrieuc, Fabien. "Modélisation et simulation des effets quantiques en dynamique moléculaire : application à l'étude de la conduction protonique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC060.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of quantum effects in molecular dynamics (MD). MD is a powerful numerical method to investigate the properties of condensed matter systems. However, since the method is based on classical mechanics, quantum effects associated with the dynamics of the nuclei, such as zero-point energy or tunnelling, are not taken into account. These nuclear quantum effects can, however, play a major role in particular at low temperatures and/or in systems containing light atoms such as hydrogen. In these cases, a standard way to account for the quantum nature of the nuclei is to use path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD). This method provides exact quantum results however its high computational cost limits its range of applicability. The quantum thermal bath (QTB) method has been proposed as an alternative to PIMD. The QTB method is particularly appealing because of its computational cost that is equivalent to standard MD thus allowing to study large and complex systems.The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the QTB method. We have studied the behavior of the method in selected model systems in order to investigate its limitations. We have focused, in particular, on the zero-point energy leakage problem and found that increasing the friction coefficient of the QTB can significantly limit this problem. We also have developed another way to use the QTB method by combining it with PIMD. This combined QTB-PIMD method allows, in particular, to decrease the computational cost of standard PIMD simulations.In a second part, we have used these methods to study hydrogen conduction in perovskite materials. We have first investigated the impact of quantum effects on the diffusion of hydrogen in BaZrO3, a potential electrolyte material for hydrogen fuel cells. Since hydrogen is the lightest element, we expect quantum effects to have a significant impact on its dynamics. We find that quantum effects are indeed significant at low temperatures although their impact on the diffusion remains low at the typical working temperatures of hydrogen fuel cells. Finally, we have investigated the diffusion mechanisms of hydrogen in GdBaCo2O5.5. We evidence that the diffusion is anisotropic in this material and two main diffusion mechanisms