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Journal articles on the topic 'Piles à hydrogène'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Borruto, A. "Hydrogenâsteel interaction: hydrogen embrittlementin pipes for power former plant effluents." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 24, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(98)00106-2.

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2

Ishida, Yasuyuki, Akira Nebu, Koji Yamada, Koji Dozaki, Akitaka Hidaka, Masahiro Uchida, and Takahiro Sone. "ICONE23-2174 FRACTURE TESTS OF STEEL PIPES BY INTERNAL DETONATION OF HYDROGEN-OXYGEN GAS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2015.23 (2015): _ICONE23–2—_ICONE23–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2015.23._icone23-2_67.

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3

Sidestam, Patrik, Mats Karlberg, and John Niska. "Modeling of Hydrogen Diffusion in Piled Slabs." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2201.

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Hydrogen is harmful in steel which makes it important to reduce the hydrogen content. Piling slabs after casting gives a slow cooling which increases the diffusion out of the steel. Finite element modeling has been used to simulate this process where hydrogen solubility and phase dependent diffusivity can be taken into account. The hydrogen diffusion model is using STEELTEMP® 2D for the thermal analysis. Measurements of temperature and hydrogen content in piled slabs have been done and the calculations are in good agreement.

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4

Liu, Lin, Jia Yi Xia, Ju Huo, and Zhao Ying. "Protective Effect on Oxidative Stress Injury of Xiongma Dripping Pills Containing Serum on PC12 Cells." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.744.

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Object: The antioxidant dose-effect relationship and the mechanism of Xiongma Dripping Pills were study to explore the protective effects of oxidative damage in PC12 cells of different doses of Xiongma Dripping Pills containing serum. Method: Oxidative stress injury model of PC12 cells was established by peroxide hydrogen (H2O2), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), content and cell culture supernatant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the liquid content of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were detected by chemical colorimetric determination. Results: There was a plasma concentration peaked in Xiongma Dripping Pills 8 times (6g•kg-1) dose group, ferulic acid plasma concentration was 10.59 ± 2.92, the plasma concentration gastrodin 18.13 ± 4.63. H2O2 and SNP could cause injury in PC12 cells, and increased LDH leakage, reduce the content of GSH-PX (P<0.01). Gung Ma the Dripping Pills can reduce LDH leakage, increase the content of GSH-PX. Xiongma Dripping Pills 8-fold dose group content is the most significant.Conclusion: There was a significant protective effect on Xiongma Dripping Pills serum containing H2O2 and SNP induced oxidative damage of PC12 cells and its mechanism was relevant with clearing the free radicals, enhanceing antioxidant enzyme activity in vivo. There was the most significant effect on Xiongma Dripping Pills 8-fold dose group, and there was positive correlation on plasma concentration and pharmacological effects.

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5

Leimert, Jonas M., Marius Dillig, and Jürgen Karl. "Hydrogen inactivation of liquid metal heat pipes." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 92 (January 2016): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.058.

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6

Linsky, J. L., and B. E. Wood. "Lyman-α observations of astrospheres." ASTRA Proceedings 1 (August 25, 2014): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ap-1-43-2014.

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Abstract. Charge-exchange reactions between outflowing stellar wind protons and interstellar neutral hydrogen atoms entering a stellar astrosphere produce a region of piled-up-decelerated neutral hydrogen called the hydrogen wall. Absorption by this gas, which is observed in stellar Lyman-α emission lines, provides the only viable technique at this time for measuring the mass-loss rates of F–M dwarf stars. We describe this technique, present an alternative way for understanding the relation of mass-loss rate with X-ray emission, and identify several critical issues.

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7

Liu, HanChen, and XueWu Cao. "Numerical Study on Hydrogen Flow Behavior in Two Compartments with Different Connecting Pipes." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4709503.

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Hydrogen accumulation in the containment compartments under severe accidents would result in high concentration, which could lead to hydrogen deflagration or detonation. Therefore, getting detailed hydrogen flow and distribution is a key issue to arrange hydrogen removal equipment in the containment compartments. In this study, hydrogen flow behavior in local compartments has been investigated in two horizontal compartments. The analysis model is built by 3-dimensional CFD code in Cartesian coordinates based on the connection structure of the Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) compartments. It consists of two cylindrical vessels, representing the Steam Generator compartment (SG) and Core Makeup Tank compartment (CMT). With standard k-ε turbulence model, the effects of the connecting pipe size and location on hydrogen concentration distribution are investigated. Results show that increasing the diameter of connection pipe (IP) which is located at 800 mm from 150 mm to 300 mm facilitates hydrogen flow between compartments. Decreasing the length of IP which is located at 800 mm from 1000 mm to 500 mm can also facilitate hydrogen flow between compartments. Lower IP is in favor of hydrogen mixing with air in non-source compartment. Higher IP is helpful for hydrogen flow to the non-source term compartment from source term compartment.

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8

HILL, D. D., F. C. PRENGER, and J. A. BARCLAY. "PERFORMANCE LIMITS IN GRAVITY-ASSISTED HYDROGEN HEAT PIPES." Chemical Engineering Communications 85, no. 1 (November 1989): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448908940353.

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9

Nikitin, V. I. "Regularities pertinent to hydrogen release in heat pipes." Thermal Engineering 53, no. 12 (December 2006): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601506120093.

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10

Bouzouni, Marianthi, Evangelos Gavalas, Filippos Chatzigeorgiou, and Spyros Papaefthymiou. "Hydrogen Induced Crack Development in Submerged Arc Welded Steel Pipes." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818804010.

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The current work examines hydrogen sensitivity in different pipeline steels (X65, X70 and X80 HSLA grades) from four productions. Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) experiments were performed and then the welds were characterized via optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The optical micrographs revealed cracks only in one of the four welds. Transverse cracks were found along bainitic-ferrite/carbide islands within the heat affected zone and the base metal of production B. Found inclusions e.g. MnS inside the cracks acted as initiation points for the HIC. However, the weld zones in all productions consisting of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite were found to be resistant in hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the presence of bainitic ferrite with carbides at the grain boundaries in the microstructures and the intense presence of MnS inclusions caused HIC in pipeline steel from production B. The manufacturing process, the forming and welding conditions in the examined case seem not to have negatively influenced the pipeline steel in terms of HIC.

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11

Kapel’, Zh, Yu G. Matvienko, and G. Pluvinage. "Fracture toughness and hydrogen embrittlement of pipes with notches." Inorganic Materials 46, no. 14 (December 2010): 1558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168510140165.

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12

Kuk Mijim, J., G. Pluvinage, J. Capelle, Z. Azari, and M. Benamara. "Probabilistic design factors for pipes used for hydrogen transport." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 58 (November 2020): 33860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.106.

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13

Rajabipour, Ali, and Robert E. Melchers. "Capacity of pitting corroded pipes under hydrogen assisted cracking." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40, no. 30 (August 2015): 9388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.077.

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14

Song, Jian Jun, Xiao Ping Du, Ji Guang Zhao, Jing Peng Chen, Qiao Wang, Bi Ming Feng, Xin Li, and Yu Jiang. "Turbulence Flow Analysis of Low Temperature Propellant Flowing through Pipes of Filling System." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.585.

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With aiming at the problem of liquid hydrogen flowing through filling system in space launch site, the author set up a turbulence model and coupled with the analysis of turbulence condition of liquid hydrogen in tube. Based on the computational fluid dynamics, the flow field was studied according to the numerical simulation method. Then, the changes of flow parameters i.e. pressure and velocity at the tube were observed. Simulation results showed that, in the inlet-section, there existed boundary-layer, besides, the velocity and pressure which changed continually was not stable until the liquid hydrogen flowed through on-way. In addition, in water-carrying section of turbulence flow, the velocity distribution was even and there was no obvious delamination which explained that the mix was intense. The velocity near the surface of the tube was about zero and the pressure turned to smaller with the increase of tube length. As a result of the pressure drop, there existed the loss of on-way. The above simulation results which provided the theoretical basis for liquid hydrogen study accorded with the actual condition.

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15

Song, Jian Jun, Xiao Ping Du, Ji Guang Zhao, Jing Peng Chen, Qiao Wang, Xin Li, and Yu Jiang. "Laminar Flow Analysis of Low Temperature Propellant Flowing through Pipes of Filling System." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.580.

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With aiming at the problem of liquid hydrogen flowing through filling system in space launch site, the author set up a math model of laminar flow and coupled with the analysis of laminar flow condition of liquid hydrogen in tube. Based on the computational fluid dynamics, the flow field was studied according to the numerical simulation method. Then, the changes of flow parameters i.e. pressure and velocity at the tube were observed. Simulation results showed that, in the inlet-section, there existed boundary-layer, besides, the velocity and pressure which changed continually was not stable until the liquid hydrogen flowed through on-way. In addition, the velocity distributed in the form of rotary parabolic surface whose axis was the tube’s axis itself in water-carrying section of on-way. The velocity near the surface of the tube was about zero and the pressure turned to smaller with the increase of tube length. As a result of the pressure drop, there existed the loss of on-way. The above simulation results which provided the theoretical basis for liquid hydrogen study accorded with the actual condition.

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16

MATSUNAGA, Masaki, Naoya KASAI, Junji SAKAMOTO, Yuichiro IZATO, Tadahiro SHIBUTANI, and Atsumi MIYAKE. "Assessment of the Hydrogen Leakage Accidents from Pipes near Accumulators at the Hydrogen Station." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (2018): S1710001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.s1710001.

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17

Nehemia, Vered, Shoshana Davidi, and Haim Cohen. "Emission of hydrogen gas from weathered steam coal piles via formaldehyde as a precursor." Fuel 78, no. 7 (May 1999): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(98)00219-1.

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18

Asahi, Hitoshi. "Hydrogen Embrittlement in Oil Country Tubular Goods and Line Pipes." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 49, no. 4 (2000): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.49.201.

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19

Han, D. Y., X. Sun, Z. H. Gan, R. Y. Luo, J. M. Pfotenhauer, and B. Jiao. "Numerical investigation on pulsating heat pipes with nitrogen or hydrogen." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278 (December 2017): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012056.

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20

Fernandez, Joseph Rogelio. "Staircase-Like Crack Progression Due to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Cold-Worked Steel Strand." Insight - Material Science 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ims.v2i1.180.

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<p align="justify">Stressed carbon steel strand in an ungrouted duct susceptibility to pitting corrosion is low due to surface corrosion, but susceptibility of steel strand to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) can increase under those conditions.</p><p align="justify">The HE will facilitate crack growth within the strand. Various crack propagation mechanisms, such as longitudinal splitting and shear-cracking, have been shown as possible strand failure mechanisms by themselves in strand, but this may not be true in stressed strand in piles that has been embrittled by Hydrogen and without pre-cracking (Cracks initiating from stress concentrations naturally rather than with notching). Concentration measurements were performed to determine the level of Hydrogen involved in the embrittlement.</p><p>Results indicate that the fracture mechanism differs from shear cracking or longitudinal splitting alone as previously shown, but is a multi-step process of crack propagation starting perpendicular to stress, followed by variations of inter-lamellae longitudinal splitting at brittle region of lamellae and shear cracking at breaks in the lamellae. This process results in the crack following a “staircase” progression, and finally leading to ductile overload once cross-section has been significantly reduced. This fracture mechanism was also shown to be valid whether the strand was stressed by bending or mult-axially by stressing through a duct.</p>

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21

Attal, A., M. Brigodiot, P. Camacho, and J. Manem. "Biological Mechanisms of H2S Formation in Sewer Pipes." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1992): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0471.

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The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the biological phenomena involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide in urban wastewater (UWW) systems. It is found that the UWW itself naturally possesses the biomass needed to consume the sulfates. These heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria populations, though immediately active in strict anaerobic conditions, are present only in very low concentrations in the UWW. A concentration of them was studied within the pressure pipes, in the form of deposits, and this justifies the high concentrations of sulfides measured in certain wastewater networks. There are two reasons why the ferrous sulfate used as a treatment in any wastewater networks should not cause the production of additional sulfides. Firstly, the sulfate consumption kinetics are always too slow, relative to the residence time of the water in the pipe, for all of the sulfates to be consumed anyway. Secondly, the amount of assimilable carbon, soluble carbon, and carbon from suspended solid (SS) hydrolysis is insufficient.

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22

Mambetov, R. F., V. A. Svintsov, and V. M. Kushnarenko. "Field Tests of Steel Pipes at the Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Deposit." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2019-7-49-55.

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23

Colla, Valentina, Renzo Valentini, and Marco Vannucci. "A Model for Predicting Residual Hydrogen Content in Blooms and Billets Stacked in Large Industrial Piles." steel research international 89, no. 10 (July 16, 2018): 1800155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201800155.

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24

Audette, Gerald. "Structural, Functional and Dynamic Studies of F Plasmid T4SS Proteins." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087142.

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The transfer of genetic material within a bacterial population through the process of conjugation distributes novel genetic elements for survival in unique environments. Bacterial conjugation is important to public health as the spread antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria results in multi-drug resistance. Indeed, approximately 70% of bacteria that cause hospital-acquired infections are resistant to at least one antibiotic. Conjugative systems, such as the F plasmid of Escherichia coli, consist of proteins that share similarities to type IV secretion systems (T4SS). T4SS proteins of the F plasmid form a membrane spanning protein complex and surface exposed pilus. The periplasmic T4SS proteins TraF, TraW and TrbC play important roles during the F pilus assembly and DNA transfer. Functional analysis of a series of TraF mutants has shown that modification to TraF abolishes pilus synthesis and in turn F plasmid conjugation. In addition, dynamic analysis of TraF using time-resolved hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry has revealed a well structured C-terminal thioredoxin-like domain and a more dynamic N-terminal domain that is predicted to interact with companion T4SS protein TraH. In addition, interaction analysis of the putative pore forming proteins TraW and TrbC indicate that the C-terminal domain of TrbC is not required for interaction with TraW, unlike previous models of F T4SS assembly. Rather the C-terminal domain of TraW preferentially interacts with the N-terminal domain of TrbC. These studies are providing a clearer picture of the structures and interactions that occur within the F T4SS assembly during the conjugative process.

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25

Jensen, Henriette Stokbro, Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen, Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen, and Jes Vollertsen. "Modeling of Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation in Concrete Corrosion Products from Sewer Pipes." Water Environment Research 81, no. 4 (April 2009): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x357110.

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26

Lunarska, E. "Role of Hydrogen and Stresses in the Failure of Heat Exchanger Pipes." CORROSION 52, no. 2 (February 1996): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3292105.

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27

Ayoub, GM, N. Azar, M. El Fadel, and B. Hamad. "Assessment of hydrogen sulphide corrosion of cementitious sewer pipes: a case study." Urban Water Journal 1, no. 1 (March 2004): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15730620410001732062.

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28

Sun, Xiao, Sizhuo Li, Bo Jiao, Zhihua Gan, John Pfotenhauer, Bo Wang, Qinyu Zhao, and Dongli Liu. "Experimental study on hydrogen pulsating heat pipes under different number of turns." Cryogenics 111 (October 2020): 103174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103174.

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29

Vainman, A. B., R. K. Mel�khov, M. O. Syaber, O. D. Smiyan, and A. V. Vasilik. "Effects of hydrogen on stress cracking in unheated thermal powder station pipes." Soviet Materials Science 27, no. 1 (1991): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00724129.

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30

Lin, Yueh-Ju, and Kuen-Shyang Hwang. "Swelling of Copper Powders during Sintering of Heat Pipes in Hydrogen-Containing Atmospheres." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 51, no. 12 (2010): 2251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2010151.

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31

Li, Juliana, Mindy S. Lim, Sheng Li, Melissa Brock, Michael E. Pique, Virgil L. Woods, and Lisa Craig. "Vibrio cholerae Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Structure Analyzed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry." Structure 16, no. 1 (January 2008): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2007.10.027.

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32

Thomas, Alen, and Jerzy A. Szpunar. "Visualisation of diffusion sites and measurement of hydrogen traps in hot-rolled pipes." Materials Science and Technology 36, no. 17 (November 2, 2020): 1870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2020.1839205.

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33

Rajabipour, Ali, and Robert E. Melchers. "Service life of corrosion pitted pipes subject to fatigue loading and hydrogen embrittlement." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 17 (April 2018): 8440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.063.

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34

Ross, Robert, Alex Stumpf, Dean Barnett, and Richard Hall. "Condition Assessment for Concrete Sewer Pipes Using Displacement Probes: A Robotic Design Case Study." Robotics 10, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10020064.

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Worldwide, millions of kilometres of sewers are constructed from concrete pipes. Unfortunately, concrete sewers are susceptible to corrosion from biogenic hydrogen sulphide, and, though they may pass visual inspection, their ability to hold together under load may be degraded. This paper presents the design of a teleoperated robot with a protractible probe, that allows an operator to apply a localised load to selected points within a concrete sewer pipe. We report findings from laboratory and field trials of our prototype, with initial results suggesting that this approach has the potential to contribute useful information to sewer maintenance planning.

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35

Semena, M. G., A. I. Rudenko, and A. A. Efimova. "Mass of hydrogen liberated in stainless steel heat pipes with water during lengthy operation." Journal of Engineering Physics 53, no. 4 (October 1987): 1122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00872439.

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36

Zheng, Yao, Huawei Chang, Jianye Chen, Hong Chen, and Shuiming Shu. "Effect of microgravity on flow boiling heat transfer of liquid hydrogen in transportation pipes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 11 (February 2019): 5543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.047.

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37

Chung, C. A., Yuan-Zen Chen, Yu-Pei Chen, and Ming-Shan Chang. "CFD investigation on performance enhancement of metal hydride hydrogen storage vessels using heat pipes." Applied Thermal Engineering 91 (December 2015): 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.039.

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38

Jemblie, L., V. Olden, P. Mainçon, and O. M. Akselsen. "Cohesive zone modelling of hydrogen induced cracking on the interface of clad steel pipes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 47 (November 2017): 28622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.051.

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39

Tetuko, Anggito P., Bahman Shabani, and John Andrews. "Thermal coupling of PEM fuel cell and metal hydride hydrogen storage using heat pipes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 7 (February 2016): 4264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.194.

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40

Hong, H. U., and Jong B. Lee. "Optimization of Electric Resistance Welding Conditions in Small Diameter X60 Pipes for HIC Resistance." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.363.

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The optimization of electric resistance welding conditions has been investigated in order to improve the resistance to hydrogen induced cracking at bondline in API 5L X60 line pipes from center-slit coils. It was found that the elongated (Si, Mn, Al) rich oxide inclusions at bondline provided a preferential site for HIC, but no evidence on the center segregation effects was found. Design of experimental (DOE) method was used to find out the optimum ERW condition in the viewpoint of the minimization of defects ratio at bondline. The optimum ERW condition suggested by DOE successfully led to an excellent HIC resistance at bondline. Furthermore, it was observed that there was no relation between segregation and HIC resistance at bondline.

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41

Castagnet, Sylvie, Jean-Claude Grandidier, Mathieu Comyn, and Guillaume Benoît. "Effect of long-term hydrogen exposure on the mechanical properties of polymers used for pipes and tested in pressurized hydrogen." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 89 (January 2012): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2011.11.008.

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42

Gutman, E. M. "Corrosion resistance of welded joints in gas transmission pipes in a hydrogen sulphide-bearing medium." Welding International 3, no. 3 (January 1989): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118909451144.

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43

Davazdah Emami, Sina, Rafiziana Md Kasmani, Zahra Naserzadeh, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, and Mahar Diana Hamid. "Experimental study on the flame acceleration of premixed hydrocarbons-hydrogen/air mixtures in tee pipes." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 45 (January 2017): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.01.005.

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44

Krumholz, Lee R., Peter Bradstock, Cody S. Sheik, Yiwei Diao, Ozcan Gazioglu, Yuri Gorby, and Michael J. McInerney. "Syntrophic Growth of Desulfovibrio alaskensis Requires Genes for H2and Formate Metabolism as Well as Those for Flagellum and Biofilm Formation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (January 23, 2015): 2339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03358-14.

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ABSTRACTIn anaerobic environments, mutually beneficial metabolic interactions between microorganisms (syntrophy) are essential for oxidation of organic matter to carbon dioxide and methane. Syntrophic interactions typically involve a microorganism degrading an organic compound to primary fermentation by-products and sources of electrons (i.e., formate, hydrogen, or nanowires) and a partner producing methane or respiring the electrons via alternative electron accepting processes. Using a transposon gene mutant library of the sulfate-reducingDesulfovibrio alaskensisG20, we screened for mutants incapable of serving as the electron-accepting partner of the butyrate-oxidizing bacterium,Syntrophomonas wolfei. A total of 17 gene mutants ofD. alaskensiswere identified as incapable of serving as the electron-accepting partner. The genes identified predominantly fell into three categories: membrane surface assembly, flagellum-pilus synthesis, and energy metabolism. Among these genes required to serve as the electron-accepting partner, the glycosyltransferase, pilus assembly protein (tadC), and flagellar biosynthesis protein showed reduced biofilm formation, suggesting that each of these components is involved in cell-to-cell interactions. Energy metabolism genes encoded proteins primarily involved in H2uptake and electron cycling, including a rhodanese-containing complex that is phylogenetically conserved among sulfate-reducingDeltaproteobacteria. Utilizing an mRNA sequencing approach, analysis of transcript abundance in wild-type axenic and cocultures confirmed that genes identified as important for serving as the electron-accepting partner were more highly expressed under syntrophic conditions. The results imply that sulfate-reducing microorganisms require flagellar and outer membrane components to effectively couple to their syntrophic partners; furthermore, H2metabolism is essential for syntrophic growth ofD. alaskensisG20.

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45

Mohri, Saki, Shinji Ohisa, Katsuhiro Isozaki, Noriyuki Yonezawa, and Akiko Okamoto. "Hydrogen bonding between aromatic H and F groups leading to a stripe structure withR- andS-columns: the crystal structure of (2,7-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)(3-fluorophenyl)methanone and comparison with its 1-aroylnaphthalene analogues." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 5 (April 3, 2015): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615005720.

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In the molecule of (2,7-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)(3-fluorophenyl)methanone, C19H15FO3, (I), the dihedral angle between the plane of the naphthalene ring system and that of the benzene ring is 85.90 (5)°. The molecules exhibit axial chirality, with either anR- or anS-stereogenic axis. In the crystal structure, each enantiomer is stacked into a columnar structure and the columns are arranged alternately to form a stripe structure. A pair of (methoxy)C—H...F hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the benzene rings of the aroyl groups link anR- and anS-isomer to form a dimeric pair. These dimeric pairs are piled up in a columnar fashion through (benzene)C—H...O=C and (benzene)C—H...OCH3hydrogen bonds. The analogous 1-benzoylated compound, namely (2,7-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)(phenyl)methanone [Katoet al.(2010).Acta Cryst.E66, o2659], (II), affords three independent molecules having slightly different dihedral angles between the benzene and naphthalene rings. The three independent molecules form separate columns and the three types of column are connected to each otherviatwo C—H...OCH3hydrogen bonds and one C—H...O=C hydrogen bond. Two of the three columns are formed by the same enantiomeric isomer, whereas the remaining column consists of the counterpart isomer. In the case of the fluorinated 1-benzoylated naphthalene analogue, namely (2,7-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone [Watanabeet al.(2011).Acta Cryst.E67, o1466], (III), the molecular packing is similar to that of (I),i.e.it consists of stripes ofR- andS-enantiomeric columns. A pair of C—H...F hydrogen bonds betweenR- andS-isomers, and C—H...O=C hydrogen bonds betweenR(orS)-isomers, are also observed. Consequently, the stripe structure is apparently induced by the formation ofR...Sdimeric pairs stacked in a columnar fashion. The pair of C—H...F hydrogen bonds effectively stabilizes the dimeric pair ofR- andS-enantiomers. In addition, the co-existence of C—H...F and C—H...O=C hydrogen bonds makes possible the formation of a structure with just one independent molecule.

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46

Chong, Ngee Sing, Saidi Abdulramoni, Dwight Patterson, and Heather Brown. "Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Polymer Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride." Toxics 7, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040057.

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In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission test results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40–60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (μg/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.

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47

Kvashnin, V. D., D. I. Derbenev, I. I. Suleimanova, D. S. Yakovlev, M. A. Ivanov, and P. A. Danilkin. "An effective method of protection of oil field pipes inner surface." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-1-46-54.

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Corrosion is a key factor, effecting service life of field pipelines. A review of methods of protection of circle welding seam internal surfaces and adjacent end pipe areas presented in the paper, as well as their imperfections, a technology proposed to protect them by arc building-up corrosion-resistant coating. With the elaborated technology the pipe metal does not get considerable overheating, retaining correspondent level of mechanical properties. The properly selected parameters of building-up mode provide a minimal stirring in the process of building-up and the decrease of concentration of main alloying elements (Cr and Ni) in the protective layer does not exceed 20%. To determine the minimal length of protective layer, manual arc welding and welding in protective gases atmosphere by consumable electrode were considered as possible welding methods. Simulation in the program complex SYS-WELD enabled to determine the areas subjected to critical heating, what was confirmed by the data, obtained during imitation of a circle seam in laboratory conditions at 159×8 mm short pipe. The proposed technology excludes the porosity of the built-up layer and other defects, decreasing the efficiency of pipe metal protection. Content of alloying elements was selected, for the built-up coating to be inclined to passivation and to have high resistivity against corrosion processes. Total corrosion rate at the tests in an acid solution, having hydrogen sulfide, was less than 0.1 mm/year thanks to austenite structure. The efficiency of the proposed technology was confirmed by positive results of pilot-field tests at a by-pass line under conditions of Sutorminskoje oil, gas and condensate deposit.

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48

Kalas, Vasilios, Michael E. Hibbing, Amarendar Reddy Maddirala, Ryan Chugani, Jerome S. Pinkner, Laurel K. Mydock-McGrane, Matt S. Conover, James W. Janetka, and Scott J. Hultgren. "Structure-based discovery of glycomimetic FmlH ligands as inhibitors of bacterial adhesion during urinary tract infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 12 (March 5, 2018): E2819—E2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720140115.

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Treatment of bacterial infections is becoming a serious clinical challenge due to the global dissemination of multidrug antibiotic resistance, necessitating the search for alternative treatments to disarm the virulence mechanisms underlying these infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) employs multiple chaperone–usher pathway pili tipped with adhesins with diverse receptor specificities to colonize various host tissues and habitats. For example, UPEC F9 pili specifically bind galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine epitopes on the kidney and inflamed bladder. Using X-ray structure-guided methods, virtual screening, and multiplex ELISA arrays, we rationally designed aryl galactosides and N-acetylgalactosaminosides that inhibit the F9 pilus adhesin FmlH. The lead compound, 29β-NAc, is a biphenyl N-acetyl-β-galactosaminoside with a Ki of ∼90 nM, representing a major advancement in potency relative to the characteristically weak nature of most carbohydrate–lectin interactions. 29β-NAc binds tightly to FmlH by engaging the residues Y46 through edge-to-face π-stacking with its A-phenyl ring, R142 in a salt-bridge interaction with its carboxylate group, and K132 through water-mediated hydrogen bonding with its N-acetyl group. Administration of 29β-NAc in a mouse urinary tract infection (UTI) model significantly reduced bladder and kidney bacterial burdens, and coadministration of 29β-NAc and mannoside 4Z269, which targets the type 1 pilus adhesin FimH, resulted in greater elimination of bacteria from the urinary tract than either compound alone. Moreover, FmlH specifically binds healthy human kidney tissue in a 29β-NAc–inhibitable manner, suggesting a key role for F9 pili in human kidney colonization. Thus, these glycoside antagonists of FmlH represent a rational antivirulence strategy for UPEC-mediated UTI treatment.

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Bengoechea, Sergio, Joshua A. T. Gray, Julius Reiss, Jonas P. Moeck, Oliver C. Paschereit, and Jorn Sesterhenn. "Detonation initiation in pipes with a single obstacle for mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen-enriched air." Combustion and Flame 198 (December 2018): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.09.017.

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50

Liu, Yuzhu, Hui Wang, Ajay K. Prasad, and Suresh G. Advani. "Role of heat pipes in improving the hydrogen charging rate in a metal hydride storage tank." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 20 (July 2014): 10552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.197.

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