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Ducarroz, Simon. "Le tabagisme et le risque de cancers liés au tabac chez les migrants en Europe." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1029/document.
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Les migrations internationales augmentent et l'Europe ne fait pas exception avec plus de 10% de la population de l'Union Européenne en 2014. Une question importante est le tabagisme des immigrés qui pourrait entraîner des risques de maladies liées au tabac différents de ceux des natifs des pays hôtes. Pourtant, on ne connait que très peu l'usage du tabac, qui est une cause évitable de cancer, et les maladies liées au tabac chez les immigrés en Europe. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier l'usage du tabac et le risque de cancers liés au tabac chez les immigrés. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient de : enquêter sur le tabagisme et ses déterminants chez les immigrés en France (étude pilote TOBAMIG), comparer l'incidence des cancers liés au tabac entre les immigrés et les natifs au Danemark, mettre ces résultats en contexte avec les connaissances actuelles, et suggérer un design d'étude sur le tabagisme et le risque de cancer lié chez les immigrés en France. L'étude pilote TOBAMIG a collecté des informations sur l'usage du tabac dans un échantillon d'immigrés, représentatif pour la plupart des caractéristiques démographiques. Avec des modifications, les résultats indiquent la faisabilité d'une étude à grande échelle en France. Au Danemark, le taux d'incidence des cancers liés au tabac chez les immigrés était inférieur à celui des natifs ; cependant, de grandes disparités ont été observées par site cancéreux et pays d'origine, suggérant en outre un rôle du tabagisme dans les pays d'origine des immigrés. Enfin, deux designs d'étude sont proposés, qui varient en fonction de la quantité d'information recherchée, afin de mieux comprendre le tabagisme des immigrésInternational migration is increasing and Europe is no exception with immigrants accounting for more than 10% of the total European Union population in 2014. One pressing issue is tobacco use in immigrants as they may use tobacco differently from the natives of the hostcountry and this could result in differing tobacco‐related cancers (TRC) risks compared to those in the natives. However very little is known about tobacco use, a major avoidable cancer cause, and TRC in immigrants in Europe. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate tobacco use and risk of TRC in immigrants. The aims were to: explore tobacco use and its determinants in immigrants in France (TOBAMIG pilot study), compare the burden of TRC between immigrants and natives in Denmark, put these results into context with current knowledge, and give guidance on how to set up a study on tobacco use and cancer risk in immigrants in France using the experience from the TOBAMIG pilot study. In the TOBAMIG pilot study information on tobacco use and its determinants was collected from a mixed sample of immigrants, suggesting a large‐scale study was in principle feasible, but modifications from the TOBAMiG approach were to be made. In Denmark, the overall TRC rate in immigrants was lower than that of the natives; however, large differences were observed by cancer‐site and by country of origin, suggesting that among other factors the smoking patterns from the immigrant’s country of origin have a primary role in the burden of TRC. Finally, with regard to a large‐scale study in France, two study designs are proposed, depending on the quantity of information sought, to better understand tobacco use in immigrants and risk of TRC
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Houehanou, Sonou Yessito Corine Nadège. "Épidémiologie des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population tropicale - cas du Bénin." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0135/document.
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On assiste à un phénomène de transition épidémiologique dans les zones tropicales avec l’émergence des affections cardiovasculaires induites par l’athérosclérose. L'objectif de cette thèse était de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l’épidémiologie des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population tropicale, en particulier au Bénin. Une analyse des prévalences des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire en population générale au Bénin a été menée à partir de la base de données de l’enquête nationale STEPS. Une revue systématique des cohortes cardiovasculaires conduites en population générale en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) a été réalisée. La méthodologie de la cohorte TAHES (Tanvè health study) a été élaborée ; une étude pilote a été mise en place. Les travaux montrent des fréquences relativement élevées de plusieurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire au Bénin et des différences suivant les milieux de résidence. Par ailleurs, ils soulignent la rareté des études de cohortes sur les maladies cardiovasculaires en ASS. Les résultats préliminaires de la cohorte TAHES pilote confortent l’idée de la faisabilité d’une étude plus largeAn epidemiological transition is observed in tropical areas with the growing of cardiovascular atherosclerosis diseases. The objective of this thesis was to contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in tropical area, particularly in Benin. An analysis of prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in general population was led from Benin national STEPS survey. A systematic review of cardiovascular prospective cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was conducted. Methodology of TAHES (Tanvè health study) cohort was described; a pilot study was implemented. These data show high frequencies of several cardiovascular risk factors in Benin; differences between urban and rural areas were observed. They underline the rarity of cardiovascular cohort studies in ASS. Besides, they support the hypothesis of cardiovascular cohort feasibility in general population in Benin
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Farfal, Hervé. "Promotion de l’activité physique chez l’adolescent : interventions chez des jeunes obèses et des jeunes issus de familles socio économiquement défavorisées." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3028/document.
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Cette thèse est basée sur le constat du manque d’activité physique (AP) chez les adolescents : environ 80% de cette tranche d’âge n’atteint pas les 60min quotidiennes recommandées. Cette situation aux conséquences sanitaires importantes, impacte davantage les jeunes les plus vulnérables comme les adolescents obèses et ceux issus de familles de position sociale et économique défavorisée. Deux études visant à promouvoir l’AP auprès de ces publics ont été menées : des mesures objectives de l’AP avant, pendant et après des interventions ont été réalisées dans deux contextes de prise en charge différents. L’objectif de la première étude était de tester la faisabilité et l’impact d’un programme d’AP à destination d’adolescents issus de milieux défavorisés en impliquant également un de leur parent. 18 parents et 22 adolescents ont participé au programme 1 parent – 1 ado. Il comportait deux fois deux heures d’AP par semaine pendant onze semaines pour chacun des groupes participants. Les niveaux d’AP ainsi que plusieurs paramètres anthropométriques, physiologiques et psychologiques ont été recueillis. Tous les participants ont suivi les onze semaines d’intervention. Les analyses ont montré que le seuil de 60 min d’AP quotidienne était atteint, uniquement pendant la durée du programme pour les adolescents. Celui de 30 min pour les parents l’était à tous les temps de mesures. Des analyses complémentaires ont révélé 1) des effets de la prise en charge sur l’AP modulés par l'âge chez les adolescents et par l'assiduité chez les parents, 2) une diminution de l’amotivation pour les adolescents les plus assidus et 3) une augmentation du bien-être pour les adolescents. Les résultats de cette étude pilote ont mis en évidence la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'un tel programme qui pourrait maintenant être déployé sous la forme d'un essai randomisé incluant un groupe contrôle.L’objectif de la deuxième étude était de tester les effets d’une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire de 10 mois sur l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et les niveaux d’AP d’adolescents obèses (21 garçons et 41 filles âgés de 14 ans avec un IMC de 33 kg/m²) dans un centre de Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation (SSR). Le rôle modulateur du climat parental et de la motivation de l’adolescent sur l’efficacité de la prise en charge a été évalué. Les résultats indiquent un effet positif de la prise en charge avec une diminution de l’IMC et une augmentation de l’AP au cours de la cure et quatre mois après. De type curvilinéaire, la perte de poids est forte en début de cure puis se stabilise à la fin. Le climat parental semble jouer un rôle facilitateur lors de cette amélioration, notamment par le père, lorsqu’il est perçu comme étant plus chaleureux, plus impliqué et soutenant davantage l’autonomie. Ces programmes de promotion de l’AP génèrent des résultats prometteurs sur les niveaux d’AP des adolescents. Cependant, l’étude des déterminants du maintien des changements obtenus pendant les interventions doit être poursuivieThis thesis is based on the observation of the lack of physical activity (PA) in adolescents: approximately 80% of this age group does not reach the recommended daily 60 minutes. This situation and its important health consequences, has a greater impact on the most vulnerable young people, such as obese adolescents and those from socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Two studies aiming at promoting PA to these audiences were conducted: objective measures of PA before, during and after interventions were performed in two different PA program settings.The goal of the first study was to test the feasibility and the impact of a PA program for adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. For each adolescent, one of their parents was also involved. Thus, 18 parents and 22 adolescents participated in the “1 parent - 1 adolescent” program. Two hours of PA twice a week during eleven weeks were proposed for each of the participating groups. PA levels and several anthropometric, physiological and psychological parameters were collected. All participants followed the eleven weeks of intervention. The analyzes showed that the daily 60-min AP threshold was reached only during the program for adolescents. The daily 30 min for parents was reached at all measurements times of. Additional analyzes revealed 1) that program efficacy on PA level was modulated by age for adolescents and by attendance rate for parents, 2) a decreased of amotivation for the most assiduous adolescents, and 3) an increase in well-being for adolescents. The results of this pilot study highlighted the feasibility and effectiveness of such a program, which could now be deployed in the form of a randomized trial including a control group.The goal of the second study was to test the effects of 10-month multidisciplinary residential weight reduction program on body mass index (BMI) and PA levels of obese adolescents (21 boys and 41 girls aged 14 years with a BMI of 33 kg / m²). The modulating role of parental climate and motivation of the adolescent on the effectiveness of the care was evaluated. The results indicated a positive effect of the program with a decrease in BMI and an increase in PA during the course of treatment and four months after. With a curvilinear shape, the weight loss was strong at the beginning of the cure and then stabilized at the end. The parental climate seemed to play a facilitating role in this improvement, especially by the father, when he was perceived as being warmer, more involved and more supportive of autonomy. These PA promotion programs generate promising results on adolescent PA levels. However, the study of the determinants of the maintenance of changes during interventions must be continued
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ALBERA, FABIEN. "La modelisation du broyage en mineralurgie : inventaire des modeles developpes, confrontation avec les performances d'installations reelles, criteres de selection." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2023.
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Decroix, Charlotte. "Du développement d’une intervention complexe en santé des populations à sa mise à l’échelle : aspects conceptuels et méthodologiques des études de viabilité, applications dans le champ de la petite enfance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0007.
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Les enjeux de santé publique auxquels nos systèmes de santé et éducatif ont à faire face nécessitent des transformations qui passent notamment par le développement d’interventions en santé des populations (actions, programmes, organisations, politiques). Ces interventions sont généralement considérées comme complexes. La complexité est un enjeu majeur pour l’évaluation des interventions. Si les devis expérimentaux sont les références pour la recherche clinique, leur contrôle des facteurs contextuels pour renforcer la validité interne des études, obère la validité externe de ces recherches. Il convient d’aller au-delà de ces designs centrés sur l’efficacité, afin de comprendre les mécanismes et processus de l’intervention. Cette approche doit permettre d’examiner la mise en oeuvre et les conditions de routinisation, de transférabilité et de mise à l’échelle de l’intervention, dans le monde réel. Dans cette perspective, Chen a proposé un changement de paradigme en développant le modèle de la validité intégrative. Dans une approche ascendante, celui-ci reconnait 3 types de validité : la validité interne, la validité externe et la validité viable. La validité viable s’intéresse à l’intégration des interventions dans le système dans lequel elle vise à être déployées, hors d’un contexte de recherche. La validité viable correspond à la perception des parties prenantes quant à savoir si une intervention est utile, appropriée, faisable, abordable, adaptée et évaluable, dans le monde réel (Chen, 2010). Cette thèse s’intéressait à la pertinence de l’approche ascendante pour les interventions en santé des populations et au concept de viabilité : Quelle est la place de la viabilité dans le développement et l’évaluation d’interventions complexes en santé des populations ? En quoi l’étude de la viabilité est un préalable pour envisager la pérennisation, le transfert et la mise à l’échelle de l’intervention ? Quels sont les critères (et dimensions) à considérer pour analyser la viabilité ? L’objectif était d’analyser la viabilité d’interventions innovantes à partir du vécu de l’intervention par les parties prenantes. Une stratégie d’étude de cas multiples, mobilisant des méthodes qualitatives, suivant plusieurs niveaux d’analyse imbriqués a été choisie. Les trois cas ont été sélectionnés au regard de points de similitudes (ex : intervention dans le champ de la petite enfance) et de contrastes. Les résultats étaient en convergence avec les postulats de Chen quant à la pertinence d’adopter une approche ascendante en recherche et de s’intéresser à la validité viable. Elle proposait de décrire la viabilité comme le potentiel d’une intervention innovante : (i) à s’intégrer dans les projets, programmes, organisations, politiques existantes afin de former un tout cohérent en termes d’objectif, de missions des parties prenantes, de leviers d’interventions et de moyens ; et (ii) à faire sens pour les parties prenantes de l’intervention dans le monde réel. Ce « faire sens » dépendait de l’adéquation entre la perception des parties prenantes de l’intervention innovante et du système dans lequel elles évoluent. Les résultats ont permis d’éprouver les critères de viabilité tels que mis à jour par Chen en 2023 et de les décliner en dimensions. Ils ont mis en avant l’interdépendance de la perception de ces critères par les parties prenantes qu’ils soient liés à la nature ou à la faisabilité de l’intervention. En outre la viabilité est située : il s’agissait de s’intéresser aux conditions de viabilité plus que de proposer une vision binaire de la viabilité. Différents déterminants de la viabilité ont été identifiés : les composantes du changement organisationnel et les niveaux de l’approche socio-écologique. Finalement, cette thèse a permis d’interroger la définition d’une intervention probante sous le prisme de la viabilité. Des recherches complémentaires sont en cours pour interroger le concept dans une perspective interdisciplinairePublic health challenges facing our healthcare and education systems call for transformations that include the development of population health interventions (actions, programs, organizations, policies). These interventions are generally considered to be complex. Complexity is a major issue for the evaluation of interventions. While experimental designs are the gold standard for clinical research, their control of contextual factors to reinforce the internal validity of studies obviates the external validity of such research. It's essential to go beyond these efficacy-focused designs, in order to understand the mechanisms and processes of the intervention. This approach should make it possible to examine the implementation and conditions of routinization, transferability and scaling-up of the intervention, in the real world. To this end, Chen proposed a paradigm shift by developing the integrative validity model. This bottom-up approach recognizes 3 types of validity: internal validity, external validity and viable validity. Viable validity concerns the integration of interventions into the system in which they are to be deployed, outside a research context. Viable validity corresponds to stakeholders' perception of whether an intervention is useful, suitable, practical, affordable and evaluable, in the real world (Chen, 2010). This PhD explored the relevance of the bottom-up approach to population health interventions and the concept of viability: What is the place of viability in the development and evaluation of complex population health interventions? In what way is the study of viability a prerequisite for considering the sustainability, transfer and scaling-up of interventions? What criteria (and dimensions) should be considered when analyzing viability? The aim was to analyze the viability of innovative interventions based on stakeholders' experience of the intervention. A multiple-case study strategy, mobilizing qualitative methods and following several interlocking levels of analysis, was chosen. The three cases were selected on the basis of similarities (e.g.: intervention in the field of early childhood) and contrasts. The results converged with Chen's postulates on the relevance of adopting a bottom-up approach to research and focusing on viable validity. They suggested describing viability as the potential of an innovative intervention: (i) to integrate with existing projects, programs, organizations and policies to form a coherent whole in terms of objective, stakeholder missions, intervention levers and inputs; and (ii) to make sense to the intervention's stakeholders in the real world. This "making sense" depended on the fit between the stakeholders' perception of the innovative intervention and the system in which they are evolving. The results made it possible to test the viability criteria as updated by Chen in 2023 and to decline them into dimensions. They highlighted the interdependence of stakeholders' perceptions of these criteria, whether related to the substance or feasibility of the intervention. Moreover, viability is situated: the aim was to focus on the conditions of viability rather than to propose a binary vision of viability. Various determinants of viability were identified: the components of organizational change, the interlocking levels of the socio-ecological approach. Finally, this research questioned the definition of a evidence-based intervention through the prism of viability. Further research is underway to examine the concept from an interdisciplinary perspective
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Costa, Bibiana de Fátima Correia da. "HIV virus genotyping in a sampling of Angolan origin: estudo piloto: pilot study." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18526.
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Mestrado em MicrobiologiaO HPV é o vírus sexualmente transmissível mais comum em todo o mundo, tendo uma forte relação causal com o cancro do colo do útero. A infeção por HPV é a causa necessária, mas não suficiente do cancro do colo do útero, em todo o mundo. Países em desenvolvimento têm maior taxa de infeção por HPV e cancros relacionados sendo que a prevalência da infeção por HPV global varia por país, região dentro do mesmo país e subgrupo da população sendo que os genótipos de HPV podem apresentar diferentes distribuições de acordo com a região geográfica. Mulheres africanas são desproporcionalmente afetadas com HPV e têm uma maior taxa de morbidade de cancro do colo do útero. Devido à falta de conhecimento sobre o HPV, são necessários rastreios, medidas preventivas relacionadas com cancros do colo do útero, programas de tratamento, acompanhamento posterior e imunização com vacinas contra o HPV. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência da infeção por HPV e caracterizar a frequência dos vários genótipos de HPV numa população de mulheres angolanas, usando a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) e realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a prevalência e distribuição genotípica de HPV no continente africano. Os resultados mostram que a prevalência de HPV em mulheres angolanas foi 20,9% (14/67), que foi muito baixa em comparação com outros países da África Central. Os genótipos mais prevalentes foram HPV-61 (35.7%), HPV-16 (14.3%), HPV-33, -56, -58a, -58b, -70c, -72, -84 (7,1%). Também se verificou que dentro de regiões geográficas africanas podemos esperar diferentes taxas de eficácia resultantes de uma vacinação das populações utilizando as vacinas atualmente existentes. Em conclusão, este estudo fornece as primeiras estimativas da prevalência de HPV e sua distribuição entre as mulheres angolanas, demonstra que a epidemiologia da infeção por HPV em Angola é diferente de outras regiões do mundo. Sendo que vacinação específica para cada área geográfica é necessária, para evitar doenças relacionadas com o cancro do colo do útero e outras doenças relacionadas com o HPV. Os diferentes dados observados entre nosso estudo e os estudos utilizados para comparar os resultados podem refletir a diferenças na distribuição dos tipos HPV em diferentes populações ou podem ser por causa de diferenças entre a sensibilidade dos métodos utilizados.
Worldwide HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus that has a strong causal relationship with cervical cancer (CC). Persistent HPV infection is the necessary but non-sufficient cause of CC worldwide. Developing countries have the highest burden of HPV infection and related cancers and the prevalence of HPV infection overall varies by country, region within country, population subgroup and HPV genotypes may exhibit differing distributions according to geographic region. African women are disproportionately impacted with HPV and have a higher rate of morbidity of cervical cancer. Due to lack of knowledge about HPV, smears and cervical cancer-related preventive measures, treatment adherence and follow-up and immunization programs of HPV vaccines are needed. The aim of this work was determine the prevalence of HPV infection and characterize the frequency of multiple HPV genotypes in Angola using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and to perform a systematic review on the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in the African continent. The results show that HPV prevalence in Angolan women was 20.9% (14/67) which was very low compared with other countries of Central Africa. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV-61(35.7%), HPV-16(14.3%), HPV-33, 56, 58ª, 58b, 70c, 72, 84 (7.1%). It also shows that within African geographic regions we may expect different rates of efficacy resulting from a putative vaccination of populations using the currently existing vaccines. In conclusion, this study provides the first estimates of the prevalence of HPV and distribution among women from Angola and demonstrates that the epidemiology of HPV infection in Angola is different from that of other world regions. Specific area vaccinations are needed to prevent cervical cancer and the other HPV- related diseases. The observed different data between our study and the studies used to compare the results might reflect true differences in the distribution of HPV types in different populations or might be because of differences in the sensitivity of the methods used.
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Hayden, Colleen Ann. "Clinical Judgment Regarding Suspicion of Child Sexual Abuse: A Pilot Study of Factors Associated with Differential Levels of Clinician Concern." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104663.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas M. CreaChild sexual abuse is a major public health problem in the United States, but identifying risk, especially in young children with suspicion of abuse, poses many challenges. The aim of this study is to understand how clinicians judge the possible presence of sexual abuse in children where serious suspicion exists but without substantiated abuse. This study used data from randomly selected sexual abuse and trauma evaluations of preschool and school-aged children presenting to Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH) Outpatient Child Protection Program between 2000-2007 (N=100) to examine the association between child and family risk factors and level of clinician concern regarding likelihood of child sexual abuse. Multi-nomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between child and family risk factors and level of clinician concern regarding suspicion of abuse, moderated by child’s gender and age. Results indicated that a child’s disclosure and trauma presentation were the key factors that clinicians considered within the higher level of clinician concern regarding likelihood of sexual abuse. Implications for future research and clinical practice include attention to methodology research to assist with the development and validation of assessments for evaluation of risk in complex cases of suspicion of sexual abuse that can be offered in clinical setting, without sole reliance on the child’s ability to disclose in order to access help. Additionally, it is essential that research focuses on the development of clinical models to help with clinical decision making protocols in ambiguous cases of sexual abuse with children who may not be in a position to disclose, but serious concerns have been raised, with focus on increasing their safety. The findings in this research strongly suggest that it is essential to continue to focus on assisting children who present with suspicion of sexual abuse in complex cases that do not fit neatly into our current forensic and child protective services systems. This is especially necessary with the most vulnerable children where disclosure is unlikely, but clinical evaluations can yield recommendations that maximize efforts at increasing safety, child mental health, and family cohesion, and build on strengths while simultaneously accounting for risks
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Smyth, Amy Marie. "An investigation into the initial validity of the Canterbury behaviour screening protocol (CBSP): a pilot study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1406.
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This study was a pilot investigation of the initial validity of a newly developed behaviour-screening instrument for early intervention service providers. Group Special Education, Early Intervention (GSE/EI) (2005) adapted the Canterbury Behaviour Screening Protocol (CBSP) from a widely used behaviour-screening instrument the Early Screening Project. The CBSP consisted of 49 items in 2 checklists. GSE/EI identified 10 early childhood centres with a total roll of 712 to participate in the study. Staff were asked to categorise children's problem behaviours as either withdrawn/isolated or aggressive/oppositional, using profiles provided. Next, they were asked to nominate 2 children in each category, and an additional 2 children in either category, and to rank them from most concerning to least concerning. Centres identified 25 children in the withdrawn/isolated category, and 28 children in the aggressive/oppositional category. Staff completed checklists for children with parent/carer consent, which were scored according to preset protocols. Scores on the CBSP were assigned risk values ranging from "extreme" to "no risk". The estimated prevalence of "high" to "extreme" behaviour problems was 7.2% based on CBSP protocols and teacher nominations. The level of agreement between teacher rank and CBSP score was 79%, and this determined the initial specificity. Next, independent observations of the behaviour of the nominated children were conducted during free play periods at the centres by an observer blind to the children's nominated category, teacher ranking or checklist score. Risk levels were assigned based on the observation scores, using a cut-off value of 37% time spent in problem behaviour for girls and 40% for boys. There was agreement in terms of teacher rank and observation scores, (categorised into either "no risk" and "at/high/extreme risk) for 65% for children in the withdrawn/isolated category, and 75% for children in the aggressive/oppositional category. The level of agreement between the CBSP score and the observations (categorised into either "no risk" or "at/high/extreme" risk) was 40% for children in the withdrawn/isolated category, and 46% for children in the aggressive/oppositional category. Using the cut-off values, a prevalence estimate for high risk or extreme risk for behaviour disorders, based on independent observation of children, was 3.2%. Centre staff completing a feedback form determined the social validity of the CBSP. Although responses were generally favourable, a number of suggestions were also made to improve the procedure. Despite limitations in the design of the draft, the CBSP shows promise for a first step in a screening procedure designed to screen New Zealand early childhood centres for children who may be at risk for developing behaviour and/or social emotional problems. The independent observation may also be useful as a second step, prior to extensive eligibility assessment. A number of suggestions were made for future drafts such as addressing the limitations specified, conducting the CBSP with a greater number of children, and determining the concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability.
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Bryngelsson, Sofie, and Elin Jönsson. "Ländryggssmärta hos piloter inom kommersiell luftfart, en tvärsnittsstudie. Low back pain among commercial flying pilots, a cross-sectional study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Åsenlöf: Fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402307.
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Bakgrund.Ländryggssmärta förekommer hos piloter och kan eventuellt vara en anledning till framtida långtidssjukskrivningar. Möjliga påverkande faktorer är antal yrkesverksamma år och träningsvanor. Det finns få antal studier gjorda på kommersiellt flygande piloter. Syfte.Att kartlägga förekomsten av ländryggssmärta hos piloter inom kommersiell luftfart samt undersöka risken för långtidssjukskrivning. Vidare kartlägga skillnader i förekomst av ländryggssmärta hos piloter som arbetat <10 respektive >10 år samt att undersöka sambandet mellan ländryggssmärta och självskattad träningsvana. Metod.En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med webbenkät. Enkäten bestod av ett antal inledande egendesignade frågor och därefter följde Örebroformuläret kortversion av Steven Linton. Resultat.Antalet deltagare i studien var 73 respondenter vilket motsvarar en svarsfrekvens på 30 %. Totalt 57.5 % av de 73 respondenterna angav sig ha ländryggssmärta, av dessa hade majoriteten besvärats av smärtan i över ett år. Resultaten visade på att de piloter som hade ländryggssmärta inte hade en ökad risk för långtidssjukskrivning men att det fanns en skillnad i förekomst av ländryggssmärta hos de som arbetat över respektive under tio år (p=0.017). Korrelationen mellan träningsvanor och förekomst av ländryggssmärta var inte statistiskt signifikanta (r=0.03), (p=0.80). Konklusion.Prevalensen av ospecifik ländryggssmärta hos kommersiellt flygande piloter var hög och föreföll att öka med antalet yrkesverksamma år. Ytterligare forskning behöver undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till den höga förekomsten av ospecifik ländryggssmärta.Background.Low back pain is common among commercial flying pilots and may possibly be a reason for future long- term sick leave. Possible influencing factors are the number of working years and exercise habits. There are few studies researching commercial flying pilots. Purpose.To describe the prevalence of low back pain among commercial flying pilots and to investigate the risk of long- term sick leave. Furthermore, identify differences in the incidence of low back pain among pilots who has worked <10 compared to >10 years, as well as to investigate the correlation between low back pain and self-assessed exercise habits. Method.A cross-sectional study was conducted with a web survey. The survey initially consisted of self-designed questions followed by “Örebroformuläret kortversion” by Steven Linton. Results.The study contained 73 respondents, which corresponded to a response rate of 30%. A total of 57.5% of the 73 respondents indicated that they had low back pain, of which the majority had been suffering for over a year. The results showed that the pilots who had low back pain had no risk of long-term sick leave. There was a difference in the incidence of low back pain in those who worked over compared to under ten years (p=0.017). The correlation between exercise habits and the incidence of low back pain was not statistically significant (r=0.03), (p=0.08). Conclusion.The prevalence of nonspecific low back pain in commercial flying pilots was high and seemed to increase with the number of working years. Further research needs to investigate which factors contribute to the high incidence of nonspecific low back pain.
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Thompson, Richard D. "A curriculum for private pilot airplane." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/764.
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David, Romain. "Study and design of integrated laser diode driver for 3D-depth sensing applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1033.
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Les nouveaux capteurs d’image 3D sont des éléments clés pour exploiter pleinement les applications émergentes dans les domaines de l'imagerie 3D et de la vision par ordinateur telles que la reconnaissance faciale, la capture de mouvement, la détection de présence ou encore la réalité augmentée. Ces capteurs reposent essentiellement sur une technique de mesure de distance. Parmi celles-ci, la mesure indirecte du temps de vol des photons présente l’avantage d’une mise en œuvre simple, fiable et économique appropriée aux applications mobiles grâce au fonctionnement conjugué d’un capteur d’image et d’une diode laser. Le principe consiste à calculer une distance en mesurant le déphasage entre un signal laser infrarouge modulé et le signal optique renvoyé après réflexion sur un objet de la scène. Des impulsions laser avec un rapport cyclique proche de 50\% sont généralement utilisées comme signal laser en modulant le courant à travers une diode laser. Le travail de thèse se focalise sur l'étude et la conception d'un circuit intégré de pilotage de diode laser qui soit à la fois compact, efficace et peu cher, pour des applications d'imagerie 3D utilisées dans les téléphones portables. La nouveauté ici concerne l'intégration du pilote entier (hormis la diode laser et quelques composants passifs) sur une seule puce tout en respectant les contraintes des applications mobiles (faibles tensions d'alimentation, forte intégration). Un autre défi important concerne les pics de tension se produisant pendant les transitoires rapides dus aux inductances parasites. Enfin, un fort rendement électrique s’avère indispensable dans le but de prolonger l’autonomie de la batterie et minimiser l’auto-échauffement. A des fins de comparaison, deux topologies de pilotage différentes, mettant en oeuvre un convertisseur DC/DC associé à un élément de commutation connecté soit en série soit en parallèle de la diode laser, ont été retenues comme base pour concevoir le pilote de diode laser. Deux prototypes ont été réalisés en utilisant une technologie CMOS 130nm de STMicroelectronics, qui sont capables de fournir des impulsions de courant jusqu'à 3A avec une largeur d'impulsion de 2,5ns à une fréquence maximale de 200MHz sous une tension d'alimentation de 3,6V. Dans ces conditions, ils délivrent une puissance électrique de sortie moyenne de 4,5W à la diode laser avec un rendement électrique d'environ 60%Three-dimensional (3D) image sensors are key enablers for unlocking emerging applications in consumer electronics such as facial recognition, presence detection, gesture control or Augmented Reality (AR). These sensors mostly rely on range measuring techniques such as structured-light or Time-of-Flight (ToF) principles. The indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) principle offers the advantage of a simple, reliable and low cost solution for mobile applications by using a laser transmitter and an image sensor. Its operating principle is to calculate a distance by measuring the phase shift between a modulated infrared laser signal and the optical signal received by the sensor after reflection on an object from the scene. Laser pulses with a duty cycle close to 50\% are usually sent through the scene by modulating the current through a semiconductor laser diode. The thesis is focused on the study and design of a compact, cost-effective and efficient integrated Laser Diode Driver (LDD) for 3D-depth sensing applications used in mobile phones. The novelty here concerns the integration of the whole driver (except laser diode and some passive components) on a single chip while accommodating mobile phone constraints (low supply voltages, high integration). Another important requirement concerns the high voltage spikes occurring during fast transients due to stray inductance. Finally, a high efficiency and low losses in the chip are critical for saving the battery lifetime and minimizing the self-heating. For comparison purposes, two different driving topologies, implementing a DC/DC converter connecting a switching element either in series or in parallel with a laser diode, have been retained as basis for designing the laser diode driver. Two IC prototypes have been realized using a 130nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. Both drivers are able to generate current pulses up to 3A with a 2.5ns pulse width at a maximum 200MHz frequency under a 3.6V supply voltage. Under theses conditions, they provide an average output electrical power of 4.5W to the laser diode with an electrical efficiency of around 60%
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Moore, Aldyth Margaret. "A pilot study of commonly held misconceptions in secondary school genetics." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001404.
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This pilot study was aimed at investigating with the aid of a two-tier multiple choice questionnaire, the misconceptions held by pupils in standards 8 and 10 as well as first year Biology students in the area of senior secondary school genetics. It was found that certain of the children's preconceived ideas were altered by tuition while others were unaffected by either age or tuition and consequently warranted the name misconceptions. Four misconceptions were identified in this study and these were seen to be at the root of the difficulties experienced in genetics. They involved plants being seen to be unable to reproduce sexually, an inability to relate meiosis to genetics, a tendency to cling to the Punnett square algorithm when solving genetics problems despite a lack of understanding of the underlying processes and a failure to see the role of chance in genetics. These misconceptions were seen to have arisen because of certain preconceived ideas which hamper the formation of a suitable conceptual framework. The adoption of suitable teaching strategies appears to be the most likely method of rectifying the problem. However, before this can be regarded as conclusive, further research into the concept development of specific aspects such as sexual reproduction, needs to be done. Studies to investigate the most suitable teaching strategy should also be carried out as well as an investigation into the structure of the curriculum
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Magolbo, Natiara Grava. "Pesquisa sistemática dos ensaios clínicos aleatorizados pilotos e de viabilidade em dermatologia análise quanto à adequação metodológica ao CONSORT Statement para estudos pilotos. /." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192348.
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Orientador: Luciana Patrícia Fernandes AbbadeResumo: Introdução: Estudos pilotos e de viabilidade são realizados em diversas áreas clínicas e têm importante papel no planejamento e desenvolvimento de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs). Entretanto, na literatura existe grande número de ECAs declarados como pilotos e de viabilidade, mas não relatam claramente em seus objetivos e métodos quais itens são testados quanto aos processos e viabilidade e se são uma preparação para estudos maiores. Objetivos: avaliar a adequação dos relatos de ECAs denominados como pilotos ou de viabilidade publicados na área de dermatologia, em relação aos cincos pontos-chaves necessários para relato destes estudos e determinar quais são os fatores associados com adequação completa aos cincos pontoschaves. Métodos: pesquisa sistemática metodológica de ECAs pilotos e de viabilidade em dermatologia publicados no PubMed, no período de janeiro de 2012 a julho de 2018. Critérios de exclusão: protocolos, carta aos editores e estudos pilotos não aleatorizados. A extração de dados de cada artigo selecionado foi realizada por meio de uma planilha padronizada. Dois revisores extraíram os dados e qualquer desacordo foi resolvido através de consenso. Os estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto sua adequação aos cincos pontos-chaves, os quais foram escolhidos pelos autores a partir do CONSORT Statement para estudos pilotos e de viabilidade, por considerarem que são itens fundamentais para um bom relato de ECA piloto e de viabilidade. Os cincos pontos-chaves são: ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Pilot and feasibility studies are carried out in several clinical areas and have an important role in the planning and development of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, in the literature there are a large number of RCTs declared as pilots and viability, but not clearly related in their objectives and methods. What are the items tested with regard to processes and feasibility and if it is a preparation for larger studies. Objectives: to assess RCT’s suitability reports referred to as tests or feasibility of publication in the field of dermatology, in relation to the values of key keys used for study reports and wich are the factors associated with complete adequacy to the key points. Methods: systematic survey of dermatology pilot’s RCT published in PubMed from January 2012 to July 2018. Exclusion criteria: protocols, letter to editorials and non-randomized pilot studies. Data extraction from each selected article was performed using a standardized spreadsheet. Two reviewers extracted the data and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The included studies were assessed as to their suitability for the five key points, which were chosen by the authors from the CONSORT Statement for pilot and feasibility studies, as they consider that they are fundamental items for a good report of pilot and feasibility RCTs. The five key points are: i) title or abstract indicating that it is a pilot study; ii) objectives attesting to viability; iii) outcomes that ass... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hansen, Rickard. "Pilot study : Modeling of Wildfires." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för matematik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1236.
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There is presently no wildfire model developed for Swedish conditions, only a fire danger rating system (FWI) has been developed for Swedish conditions. The demand for a wildfire model has not been great in the past in Sweden but the climate changes now taking place increases the risk of large and intensive wildfires in Sweden. The need for additional and better tools for sizing-up wildfires will be in great demand in the future. This pre-study is aimed at: - Presenting what has been done in the wildfire modeling field during the years and mainly the last twenty years. - Giving recommendations on the continued work with developing a Swedish wildfire model. The method that was used was literature and article survey. The study also looks into the required input data for a wildfire model and the input data available at the moment. This issue is highly crucial as the quality of the output of a wildfire model is depending upon the quality of the input data. During the study, a primitive wildfire model was constructed and refined in order to get an insight in the complexities and problems with developing an operational model. The following characterization of wildfire models was used during the study: - Statistical models: based primarily on statistics from earlier or experimental fires. They do not explicitly consider the controlling physical processes. - Semi-empirical models: based on physical laws, but enhanced with some empirical factors, often by lumping all physical mechanisms for heat transfer together. - Physical models: based on physical principles and distinguishing between physical mechanisms for heat transfer. The statistical models make no attempt to involve physical processes, as they are merely a statistical description of test fires. Thus the lack of a physical basis means that statistical models must be used carefully outside the test conditions. Semi-empirical models are often based on conservation of energy principles but do not make any difference between conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer. The semi-empirical model has low computational requirements and includes variables that are generally easy to measure in the field. So despite the issue with limited accuracy, the speed and simplicity of these models make them useful for operational use. Physical models have the advantage that they are based on known relationships and thus facilitating their scaling. Thus we can expect that physical models would provide the most accurate predictions and have the widest applicability. But the work on physical models is suffering of for example the lack of understanding of several processes, such as the characterization of the chemical processes taking place during combustion, the resulting flame characteristics and the isolation and quantification of physical processes governing heat transfer. The input data available today are generally not detailed enough for physical models. As a result, a very detailed physical model will still only give imprecise predictions. As better and more detailed input will be available, the use of physical models will be more justified. A semi-empirical model is recommended being developed in Sweden. This conclusion is based upon the following factors: - The accuracy of a semi-empirical model is generally much better than for a statistical model, also the use of a semi-empirical model is much wider than the use of a statistical model. - The amount of work required for developing a semi-empirical model will not differ much from the amount of work required for a statistical model. In both cases a number of test fires will have to be conducted to define and calibrate a number of fuel models representative of Sweden. - Presently the performance and application of physical models is not at an acceptable level (due to for example the complexity which they are to model and the computational capabilities of the PC’s of today) for operational use. The semi-empirical model for Sweden is recommended to be built upon Swedish conditions (i.e. built upon the type of vegetation found in Sweden) instead of trying to retrofit the local Swedish conditions into an existing model. This would most likely give the best output for Swedish conditions. A system for better input data - weather and fuel data – should be worked on as well. This could for example take advantage of the results of the very promising “Alarm”-project that is being conducted in western part of Sweden. Regarding the issue on better fuel data, new technology for satellite images or aerial photos and image classification techniques must be monitored as one major problem to be solved is distinguishing between the canopy fuel and the ground fuel. For more specific conclusions and reflections, please see the analysis and discussion, and conclusions sections of this report.
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Möseneder, Jutta M. "Effekt einer ad libitum verzehrten fettreduzierten Kost, reich an Obst, Gemüse und Milchprodukten auf den Blutdruck bei Borderline-Hypertonikern." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/34/.
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In der randomisierten, multizentrischen DASH-Studie (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hy-pertension), die unter kontrollierten Bedingungen stattfand, führte eine fettreduzierte Mischkost, reich an Obst, Gemüse und Milchprodukten, bei Borderline-Hypertonikern zu einer signifikanten Blutdrucksenkung. Während der Studienphase wurden Körpermasse, Natrium-Aufnahme sowie Alkoholzufuhr aufgrund der bekannten Einflussnahme auf den Blutdruck konstant gehalten. In der eigenen Pilot-Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob das Ergebnis der DASH-Studie (i) mit deutschen Hypertonikern und (ii) unter habituellen Ernährungs- und Lebensbedingungen mit regelmäßig durchgeführter Ernährungsberatung und ad libitum Verzehr anstelle des streng kontrollierten Studienansatzes bestätigt werden kann. Eine Konstanz der Körpermasse, der Natrium-Urinausscheidung (unter diesem Studienansatz valider als die Aufnahme) und des Alkoholkonsums wurde vorausgesetzt.Die Studienpopulation setzte sich aus 53 übergewichtigen Probanden mit einer nicht medikamentös therapierten Borderline-Hypertonie und ohne Stoffwechselerkrankungen zusammen. Die Studienteilnehmer wurden randomisiert entweder der Idealgruppe mit einer fettarmen Kost reich an Milchprodukten, Obst und Gemüse (ähnlich der DASH-Idealgruppe) oder der Kontrollgruppe mit habitueller Ernährungsweise zugeteilt. Über einen Zeitraum von fünf Wochen wurde den Probanden etwa 50% ihres täglichen Lebensmittelbedarfes entsprechend ihrer Gruppenzugehörigkeit kostenfrei zur Verfügung gestellt. Gelegenheitsblutdruckmessungen und 24h-Blutdruckmessungen, Ernährungs- und Aktivitätsprotokolle, Blut- und Urinproben sowie anthropometrische Messungen wurden vor, während und fünf Wochen nach der Interventionsphase durchgeführt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in der Idealgruppe keine signifikante Blutdrucksenkung beobachtet werden konnte. Dies lässt sich durch die Tatsache erklären, dass die Lebens-mittel- und Nährstoffaufnahme der deutschen Kontrollgruppe eher der amerikanischen Idealgruppe entsprach. In der Pilot-Studie waren die Unterschiede in der Nährstoffzufuhr zwischen den beiden Gruppen viel geringer als in der DASH-Studie; für eine blutdrucksenkende Ernährungsumstellung bestand somit nur ein geringer Spielraum. Eine weitere Erklärung besteht in der unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzung der Studienpopulation. Bei DASH wurden vorwiegend farbige Probanden (40% höhere Hypertonieprävalenz) untersucht. Die Studienergebnisse lassen also den Schluss zu, dass Ernährungs- und Lebensstilgewohnheiten sowie der genetische Hintergrund der entsprechenden Bevölkerungsgruppe bei der Formulierung von nährstoff- oder lebensmittelbezogenen Empfehlungen zur Senkung des Bluthochdruckes Berücksichtigung finden müssen.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH), a randomized well-controlled feeding study conducted at 4 medical centers, demonstrated that a low-fat diet, rich in fruits, vegetables and dairy products is able to lower blood pressure of borderline-hypertensive people significantly. Body weight, sodium intake and alcohol consumption were kept constant during the whole study period, due to the known influence on hypertension. Aim of our study project was to investigate whether the results of the DASH study can be confirmed by (i) using a German hypertensive population and (ii) replacing the well-controlled feeding design by allowing ad libitum intake according to dietary ad-vice. The participants were asked to keep their body weight, sodium urine excretion (un-der this study design more valid than sodium intake) and their alcohol consumption con-stant.
Our pilot study population consisted of 53 mainly overweight participants with borderline hypertension and without medication or any metabolic disorders. They were randomly assigned to either an ideal diet low in fat and rich in dairy products, fruits and vegetables (similar to the DASH I-group) or a habitual diet as control (C-group). During five weeks the subjects were provided 50 % of their daily intake for free according to their dietary pattern. Single and 24h-blood pressure measurements, dietary weighed and physical activity records, blood and urine samples and anthropometric measurements were collected before, during and five weeks after the intervention period.
The study results indicated that no significantly reduction of blood pressure could be observed for both methods in the I-group of our trial. This is due to the fact that the baseline intake of foods and nutrients of the German subjects was nearly corresponding to the intake targeted for the DASH I-group. Therefore, it was impossible to increase the intake of these nutrients in our I-group by the same percentage as in the DASH study. Another explanation may be the different consistency of the study population. About 60% of the DASH study population were African Americans with a known higher prevalence of hy-pertension (about 40%) than Caucasians.
The conclusion is that even convincing results of a controlled trial cannot be simply transferred into dietary advice for the general public. For addressing food-based dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of hypertension it is necessary to consider the genetic background as well as the dietary and the lifestyle situation of the target population carefully.
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Lombard, Agnita. "A somatosensory test : a pilot study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27040.
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The most commonly used tests for the evaluation of perceptual motor function of children in South Africa are the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (Ayres, 1972) and Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (Ayres, 1975). These particular tests were revised, changed and restandardized in 1989. For various reasons the new form, Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (Ayres, 1989), is not feasible for use in South Africa. It has thus become imperative to develop tests in South Africa that can replace these tests. The South African Institute of Sensory Integration appointed working committees in various sectors of the country to develop a test for the South African population. The candidate decided to develop a somatosensory Test which could be used as part of a South African test of sensory integration. A test was designed and constructed, based on the model used by Ayres in the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. This test comprises five subtests, i.e. Non-vestibular Proprioception (in the first phase of the study this subtest was named Kinesthesia), Finger Recognition, Form Recognition, Two Point Discrimination and Tactile Stimuli Placement tests. This proposed test was used in the field by seven voluntary field workers. They each recruited a sample of convenience and administered the proposed test to 58 children. A self-administered questionnaire was completed for each test administered completed to evaluate the mechanics of the test. The data obtained from the questionnaires were statistically analysed and from this the candidate could draw conclusions about changes necessary for the test. Suggested changes were implemented. These included shortening the test, changing verbal instructions, adapting some parts of test items, reorganising the score sheet and changing the instruction manual accordingly. A pilot study was conducted to determine validity and reliability of the proposed test. A representative sample (n = 114) was recruited from the Sub A population in the Durbanville and Kraaifontein area of the Northern suburbs of the Cape Town Metropolitan Area. A comparative study was done to validate the proposed test, using the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests as a gold standard. The Two Point Discrimination test was excluded from this validation study as there is no corresponding test of the SCSIT. Results were compared and levels of sensitivity and specificity were established. In general, higher levels of specificity than sensitivity were obtained. The Form Recognition test had the highest sensitivity level (60%) and in the case of the Finger Recognition test statistically significant differences were obtained between means (p = 0.006). Thirty children from the group of 114 were tested by two testers to establish the reliability coefficient. The Form Recognition test had the highest coefficient (0.83).
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Maerrawi, Ilham El. "Desenvolvimento de um estudo piloto de uma pesquisa que visa identificar fatores de risco associados às infecções pelo HIV, hepatites B, C e sífilis em população carcerária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-09122009-174537/.
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Introdução: A população confinada é um segmento exposto a certas situações que aumentam sua vulnerabilidade frente às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Infecções pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis encontram no sistema prisional um ambiente favorável às suas propagações. Estudos em população confinada são cercados de entraves tanto burocráticos como relacionados com a ética e segurança. Assim, assume grande importância um estudo - piloto para, entre outras coisas, identificar pontos prós e contras que possam surgir durante a execução do estudo principal. Objetivo: Desenvolver um estudo piloto para uma pesquisa sobre fatores de risco comportamentais referentes à contaminação pelas infecções pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis numa população carcerária. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal. Em julho de 2007, numa amostra de conveniência, 107 reeducandos foram estrevistados usando um questionário padrão e tecnica face-face. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do HCFMUSP. Resultados: Foram realizadas todas as etapas planejadas, a saber: Reuniões na unidade: entre a direção e diversas equipes da unidade prisional; Convite aos participantes: contato com representantes dos reeducandos; Assinatura do TCLE: após formalização do convite à participação do estudo e Aplicação do questionário. Realizadas reuniões sistemáticas para ajuste do questionário. Feita a capacitação de entrevistadores. Elaborado um banco de dados no Microsoft Office para receber os dados por meio de dupla digitação. Foram entrevistados 16,5% da população da unidade. Apresentaram um perfil jovem com média de 31,1 anos de idade. O tempo médio de prisão foi de 18,7 meses. A idade média de início de uso de drogas legais foi de 14,7 e ilegais de 16,6 anos. Após o confinamento, houve redução no consumo de drogas e sem relatado de droga injetável no presídio. 55,1% realizaram tatuagem na prisão. 41,2% relataram ocorrência de DST na vida e 34,0% no ultimo mês, 2,5% referiram serem soropositivos para o HIV. 53,8% mantiveram o numero de relações sexuais após o confinamento e dos 28,6% que faziam uso sistemático de preservativos, 26,3% mantiveram esta freqüência no presídio. Envolvidos com agressões: 78,5% verbais e 65,1% físicas, sendo que 33,6% referiram ameaças de morte. Maconha, álcool e crack foram as drogas envolvidas nestas situações. Discussão: O estudo piloto possibilitou testar o instrumento de pesquisa, sua aplicabilidade e capacidade de identificar fatores de riscos para transmissão das infecções citadas, tanto fora quanto dentro do ambiente prisional. O treinamento dos entrevistadores favoreceu tanto a familiarização com o instrumento, quanto o contato adequado ético e seguro - com os reeducandos. A vivência com esta realidade contribuiu para mapear pontos vulneráveis do planejamento para a execução do estudo principal. Limites do estudo: As análises e a obtenção da sorologia não faziam parte do estudo piloto, postergadas para o estudo principal com amostra adequada. Questionários, quando utilizados como instrumento de coleta, podem apresentar problemas relacionados com as informações obtidas. Muitas delas podem não condizer com a realidade, tanto de forma proposital viés de informação quanto de forma não proposital viés de memória.Introduction: Confined populations are exposed to circumstances that increase their vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections. HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis, encounter at the prison system an environment favorable to their dissemination. Studies in confined populations are surrounded by bureaucratic, ethical and security barriers. Thus, a pilot study is of great importance -for identify obstacles and opportunities that may arise during the implementation of the main study. Objective: implementation of a pilot study on risk behaviors associated to the dissemination of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis in an incarcerated population. Methods: Cross Sectional study. In July of 2007, in a convenience sample, 107 prisoners were interviewed, face to face, using a standardized questioner. The study was approved by the Human Subject Committee of the Hospital das Clinicas of the School of Medicine from the University of Sao Paulo. Results: the research protocol was strict followed: institutional meetings of the direction and the different professional teams of the prison system; invitation to participants in close contact with prisoners representatives; signature of the consenting forms after the invitation and before the questionnaire was applied. Meetings were conducted to adjust the questionnaire. Interviewers were trained. A dataset using Microsoft Office was elaborated to allow insertion of the data collected. Subjects represented 16, 5% of the prison population. Participants were young, average of 31, 1 years of age. The length time in prison was 18, 7 months in average. The average of the initiation in the use of legal drugs was 14, 7 and illegal drugs 16, 6 years of age. After the arrestment there was a diminishment of the use of drugs, and no injection of drugs was reported. Tattoo inside of the prison was reported by 55, 1%. STI were reported by 41, 2% in life and by 34% in the last month, and 2, 5% reported to be HIV positive. 53, 8% maintained the same amount of sexual relation that they had outside of the prison. From the 28, 6% that regularly used condoms, 26, 3 regularly used inside of the prison too. Interviewed that were involved in aggression were 78, 5% verbal and 65, 1% physic, and 33, 6% refereed being threatened of dead. Marijuana, Alcohol and crack were the drugs involved in such circumstances. Discussion: The pilot study has tested the instrument of research, its applicability and ability to identify risk factors for transmission of the mentioned infections, both within or outside of the prison. The training of interviewers favored both the familiarity with the instrument, as the appropriate contact secure and ethical - with inmates. The experience with this reality has contributed to map vulnerabilities in the implementation of the main study. Limitations of the study: serology and analysis were not part of the pilot study, therefore postponed for the main study with adequate sample. Questionnaires may present problems with the information obtained. Many of the information may not match the reality; both, information or memory biases could be identified.
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Hockey, Athol James Temlett. "A pilot study of secondary teachers' understanding of population dynamics." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003586.
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Population dynamics is a South African secondary school biology syllabus topic which deals specifically with ecology or concepts within the realm of ecology. It is currently taught in a way which largely emphasises the teaching and learning of facts and concepts, often out of any context to which students can relate. While it is important to convey scientific concepts, it is just as important to address social and political issues regarding overpopulation and the environment. This research involved the administration of a questionnaire to Std 10 biology teachers in the Department of Education and Training (DET), which sought to obtain information about various aspects of teachers' teaching of population dynamics. These included their feelings toward the teaching of the specific sections of the population dynamics syllabus, and their knowledge and views of environmental issues and human population expansion. The findings of the research suggest that population dynamics is an important topic for students to learn about. The traditional teacher-centred approach to teaching is used by the teachers in the research sample. The sections considered by the teachers to be most important for learning were also considered the most interesting and the easiest to teach. The majority of the teachers in the research sample recognised that human population growth is a global and local problem and that South Africa cannot sustain its present population growth. The teachers in the sample show a diversity of opinions about sustainable development, and have a limited understanding of the links between population, poverty and consumption. Important information gained from the research will be significant in the development of a teaching and learning module on population dynamics that reflects the aims and purpose of environmental education.
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Dixon, Jeannette. "Screening for hereditary haemochromatosis : a pilot study /." [St. Lucia, Qld. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17400.pdf.
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Nyman, Elin. "Hierarchical modeling of diabetes : a pilot study." Thesis, Biotechnology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19076.
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In type 2 diabetes the concentration of glucose in the blood is increased, and tissues like fat and musclebecome less sensitive to insulin. These two phenomena are interrelated, but since the glucose-insulininterplay is highly complex, many aspects are still not understood. Here, a model-based approachmight help. Nevertheless, also a model-based approach has a limited impact, unless models for thesub-systems can be combined into a model for the whole-body regulation. Such a multi-level,module-based model is referred to as a hierarchical model, and this thesis is a proof-of-principle studyfor the future development of such models.
We have extended one of the best available models for the whole-body regulations, to include azoomable module for the fat tissue. The first step was to implement the whole-body model in thesoftware MathModelica, which support hierarchical modeling. Second, the originally mergedinsulin-responding module was sub-divided, so that a fat tissue was singled out. Third, a model for theinput-output profile for the fat tissue was developed by combining mechanistic knowledge withexisting and novel data from human fat cells. Finally, this detailed model was fitted to the profile of theoriginal fat model, and inserted in the whole-body model, with negligible effect on the whole-bodysimulations.
The resulting model has the ability to translate mechanistically oriented simulations on the biochemicallevel, which is the level were drugs act, to the whole-body level, which is of clinical interest. This is aquantum leap forward for modeling, and understanding, glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes.
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Wong, Yee-man Cora, and 黃綺雯. "Malnutrition in hospitalized geriatrics: a pilot study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223710.
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Picone, Meghan C. "Situation Awareness in LPNs: a Pilot Study." eScholarship@UMMS, 2020. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/61.
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Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe situation awareness (SA) among licensed practical nurses (LPNs) working in direct patient care.
Specific Aims: The specific aims for this study are 1) to examine SA scores, as measured by the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), in LPNs working in direct patient care and compare to published data on SA in registered nurses (RNs), 2) to examine the relationship between SA scores and years of LPN experience, 3) to examine differences in SA scores by type of workplace setting and 4) to describe the relationship between levels of satisfaction with simulation, as measured by the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale (SSES) and SA scores among LPNs.
Framework: Situation Awareness Theory, as described by Endsley, was used as the framework for this study.
Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive design using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique was used to gather data from a convenience sample of LPNs.
Results: LPNs (N=24) participated in the study and achieved an average SAGAT score of 72.6%. There were no differences in scores between those LPNs enrolled in an RN program and those who were not enrolled. Individual scores on the SAGAT were comparable or better than scores in a similar study of RNs.
Conclusion: LPNs in this study demonstrated adequate situation awareness.
Key Words: Situation awareness, licensed practical nurse, patient deterioration, clinical simulation
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Wong, Yee-man Cora. "Malnutrition in hospitalized geriatrics : a pilot study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22054935.
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Potter, Emma C. "Health Insurance Experiences of Gay Father Families: Perceptions, Disclosure, and Roles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23839.
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Recent developments in public debate, health policy, and research on nontraditional families have brought gay-parent families, especially gay fathers, into the cultural and political spotlight. Existing research and literature on LGBT families and gay fatherhood have emphasized relationship dynamics within the families but there are gaps in the literature regarding the health and well-being of these families, specifically as it relates to health insurance. Using symbolic interactionism, life course theory, and grounded theory methodology, I conducted a qualitative pilot study to investigate gay fathers\' health insurance experiences. I collected responses from 10 White, gay fathers across the United States and asked questions about access to health insurance, the process of providing insurance for their families, access and use of community resources, and unique factors of their health insurance story. This research adds to the same-sex parent knowledge based by (a) gaining an understanding of the family decisions gay fathers make around health insurance, (b) identifying obstacles and subsequent solutions to health insurance problems, (c) discussing issues of disclosure and outness in gay father families, and (d) uncovering continued gender associations with the division of labor. This study has more broad implications for theoretical concepts like intersectionality and agency, but also provides insights into policy inequalities that continue in the United States.Master of Science
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Sharma, Abhishek. "Xichang paediatric refractive error study (X-PRES), A pilot study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510222.
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Hambrook, David. "A pilot study exploring performance-based emotional intelligence in anorexia nervosa." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-pilot-study-exploring-performancebased-emotional-intelligence-in-anorexia-nervosa(7f168b5e-9c6b-4c83-a867-423f051544ee).html.
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Previous research has demonstrated that people with anorexia nervosa (AN) experience difficulties in processing emotional states and affective information. Recent explanatory and treatment models of AN and other eating disorders (EDs) hypothesise that these difficulties may contribute to the maintenance of EDs and influence outcome. However, much of the existing literature is based on self-report data, experimental tasks that have questionable ecological validity, and has often not adequately explored potentially confounding effects of IQ and current affective distress. The current study sought to build on existing research and explore emotional processing in AN using a theoretically derived, performance-based measure of emotional intelligence (El). Specifically, this study explored the abilities of people with AN to identify emotions in themselves and others, to understand emotional meaning, use emotions to facilitate thought, and manage their own and others' emotions through their behaviour. A cross-sectional design was employed. Thirty two women with AN and 32 age- and IQ-matched healthy control (HC) women were compared regarding their performance on the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), along with measures of EO symptomatology, indices of clinical severity, anxiety and depression, social functioning, and the Big Five personality dimensions. Results indicated that women with AN demonstrated El scores within the broadly average range compared to normative data, but exhibited significantly lower overall El compared to HCs in the current study. The two groups did not differ with regard to specific branches of El. El in people with AN was not related to EO symptomatology or indices of illness severity, but it was with anxiety and Agreeableness. Regression analyses indicated that both anxiety and Agreeableness significantly predicted El over and above diagnostic status. The current study suggests that people with AN may not experience particular difficulties in their abilities to reason about emotions and use emotional knowledge to guide their behaviour. Anxiety was highlighted as important in influencing El. 4
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Snyder, Karen Hope. "Roles of Students and Instructors in a Pilot Computer-based College Algebra Course." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SnyderKH2006.pdf.
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Fullingim, James Fred Sarkees-Wircenski Michelle. "Regional airline qualifications a study in the marketability of higher education graduates /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5181.
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Colarieti-Tosti, Massimiliano. "The "best language" stereotype threat : A pilot study." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1215.
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This work should be seen as a pilot study of the effect that the common-sense based statement that one understands and learns best in their best language has on pupils in Swedish schools.
A number of students have been given a mathematical test in the language they use for their normal school activities, and that is not their mother tongue. Some of them (approximately 50%) were led to believe this particular test to be language fair. Their average score on the test has then been compared to the average score on the same test of the remaining 50% students who considered the test a normal one. The difference in performance between the two subgroups has been interpreted with the help of the concept of stereotype threat.
This pilot study showed a trace of the hypothesised best language stereotype threat in a specific group of students and will hopefully serve as a guide for a larger work that could prove (or falsify) the existence of the best language stereo-type threat with statistical certainty, extend its range of applicability to a wider group of students and establish its size as compared to other related factors. A final caveat: This study is focussed on (and relevant only for those) students that perform their school activities in a language different from their mother tongue but that are fully operational in the teaching language.
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Gezer, Evrim. "Coastal Scenic Evaluation, A Pilot Study For Cirali." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605157/index.pdf.
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It is well known that, socioeconomic development in coastal regions is in many respects are more rapid than elsewhere. The rapid development has been the outcome of recognition of these regions as a means providing ideal conditions for relatively cheap transport, food and mineral resource, petroleum, natural gas, agricultural and industrial development, housing and recreation, etc. Therefore, coastal areas are under threat due to forcing function of human activities.
A novel technique addressed scenic evaluation through application of fuzzy logic methodologies to values obtained from checklist that itemized 26 human and physical parameters rated on five-point attribute scale. The methodology enabled calculation of an Evaluation Index (D) which categorizes all sites and statistically best described attribute values in terms of weighted areas.
The methodology developed for coastal scenic evaluation using Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) is a very useful tool in making future management plans for coastal areas by simulating different human usages.
With regard to coastal zone management this technique is suitable for evaluating future potential changes especially with regard to influence of coastal structures on the coastal scenery. This work will hopefully be utilized by coastal mangers, planners, academics, governmental agencies, as to improve the especially human usage of the coastal areas also this work will be a tool for the preservation and conservation and the sustainable development of the coastal areas.
For the pilot site, Çirali, D values are calculated and corresponding classes are found for different attributes of parameters rising from the human usage.
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Vogel, Ralf, and Stefan Frisch. "The resolution of case conflicts : a pilot study." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3246/.
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This paper reports the results of a pilot study on the resolution of case conflicts in German free relative constructions. Section 1 gives a brief introduction into the phenomenon, section 2 presents the experiment and its results, section 3 ends the paper with a brief more general discussion.
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Faraon, Montathar. "Birth order effects on attitudes: a pilot study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11627.
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Does birth order influence our attitudes? The present study examined the effects of birth order on attitudes toward climate change and racism. Three hundred and two par- ticipants from two American universities completed a questionnaire about climate change, family constellation, and racism. The results showed initially no significant correlations but after controlling for gender, age, sibship size, parent’s education, and conflict with parents the results showed that lastborns had significantly higher racial prejudice than only children and firstborns. Moreover, the results showed that gender and age influenced our attitudes. For the former, men were less concerned about cli- mate change and had a higher racial prejudice toward immigration compared to women. For the latter, the older we become, the less conservative attitudes we will hold.
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Tran, Thai. "Indirectness in Vietnamese newspaper commentaries a pilot study /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1182797918.
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Wong, Lai-wan Livia, and 黃麗韻. "Cantonese paediatric hearing screening test: a pilot study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251043.
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Stack, Michelle Elena. "The Nova Multilingual Neuropsychological Battery: A Pilot Study." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/67.
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The current study was conducted to obtain preliminary data on the Nova Multilingual Neuropsychological Battery (NMNB) from a sample of 95 undergraduate and graduate university students (46 monolingual English and 49 bilingual English-Spanish speakers). The measure consisted of 39 subtests and an effort measure in English and Spanish, developed to account for language and cultural factors hypothesized to influence neuropsychological test results. The subtests included measures of mental status, reading comprehension, short-term and long-term verbal and visual spatial memory, short-term and long-term verbal and visual spatial recognition memory, motor coordination, processing speed, serial learning, anomia, and executive functioning. An acculturation measure was also administered. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in performance between the Bilingual Spanish group compared to the Monolingual English and Bilingual English groups, with anticipated better performance in the Monolingual English and Bilingual English groups compared to the Bilingual Spanish group. It was also hypothesized that there would be a significant positive correlation between level of acculturation and test performance. Results of ANCOVAs, controlling for the effects of age and education, compared the performance of 20 bilingual participants on the Spanish version of the test between the 46 English monolinguals and 29 bilingual participants administered the English version of the test. Results of the ANCOVA's did not generally support the hypothesis at the p < .01 level that bilingual speakers administered the Spanish version of this measure would perform significantly lower compared to bilingual speakers or monolingual English speakers administered the English version. The subtest Verbal Command was significant for poorer performance in the Bilingual Spanish group compared to the Bilingual English group. The subtest Categorical Fluency was significant for poorer performance in the Bilingual Spanish group compared to the Monolingual English group and the Bilingual English group. The results of Pearson Product-Moment correlations (p < .01) did not support the hypothesis of a positive correlation between acculturation and test performance for the bilingual groups. Only three of the 39 subtests were correlated with acculturation in the he Bilingual English group. These results were inconsistent with prior research on neuropsychological test performance for Spanish-speaking populations. Previous research on several Spanish neuropsychological measures administered to Spanish-speaking participants, such as the Mini Mental State Exam, Digit Span, and the Spanish Naming Test, typically resulted in significantly poorer performance for bilingual or monolingual Spanish speakers compared to English speaking participants administered the same tests in English. Additionally, preliminary research with acculturation and neuropsychological assessment had suggested that higher levels of acculturation would result in better neuropsychological test performance. However, these results should be interpreted with caution as there were limitations to this study which included a small sample size, a sample of higher education level participants, and exposure to the English language and the U.S. educational system. Future studies should focus on development of normative data for the older adult population, individuals who have sustained a traumatic brain injury and monolingual Spanish speakers so that information can be made available for this underserved population.
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Pettersson, Kristoffer. "Pilot Project Study for Industrial Surplus Heat Transportation." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201737.
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Primary energy use in Sweden today can to a large extent be traced to manufacturing industries. In parallel, improved energy efficiency is a goal set out by Swedish authorities and the EU. One way to improve efficiency in the industry is to harvest the excess energy in form of heat that is currently going to waste in the various processes. This thesis has investigated the feasibility of employing a mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES), developed at KTH, as a method of transporting excess heat from a steel plant in Sandviken to a local hotel and conference centre. The M-TES performance had previously been determined on a small scale prototype, and the effects on performance and cost of up-scaling the M-TES for real use was studied theoretically. An estimation of the cost for up scaling the M-TES from its current laboratory scale to the intended large scale was obtained. The study concludes that the construction cost can be affected mainly by two parameters: the number of tubes and tube diameter inside the M-TES. Changes to the performance parameters of the M-TES, caused by varying these parameters, were investigated using theoretical correlations. It was found that performance of the M-TES can drastically change with changes to the design parameters. The exact changes in construction costs were not obtained, however, a cost effective design uses as few tubes as possible, meaning the tube diameter has to be increased. Using the theoretically based performance values, an M-TES operation was mapped towards two scenarios; one scenario where a greenhouse is supplied with heat, with comparatively low heating demand to the other scenario, where the greenhouse and hotel are both supplied. In the hotel-scenario, the M-TES complements the boiler that is already in place and provides heat for the hotel today. It was found that increased heating demand and number of heat deliveries significantly improved the economic performance of the M-TES system. The levelized cost of transported energy (LCOTE) was used as parameter for measuring this performance and LCOTE:s of 470 and 1380 SEK per MWh were found in the high and low demand scenarios, respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed that the M-TES itself is among the most influential parameters on the LCOTE, while also being deemed as the most uncertain in terms of cost and performance. It is recommended for future work that the MTES is investigated extensively with regard to design choice, performance and costs.Samtidigt har både den svenska regeringen och EU antagit ambitiösa mål om ökad energieffektivitet och minskad energiintensitet. Ett sätt för industrisektorn att öka sin energieffektivitet är att ta tillvara på energi som går förlorad som restvärme i ett flertal processer. Detta arbete undersökte möjligheterna att använda ett mobilt värmelager (eng. Mobile thermal energy storage, M-TES), utvecklat vid KTH, som en metod att transportera restvärme från ett stålverk i Sandviken till ett lokalt hotell. Innan hade värmelagrets prestanda fastställts experimentellt på en prototyp vid KTH. En kostnadsuppskattning för en större modell, som går att använda i praktiken, erhölls. Det kan konstateras att kostnaderna för en verklig modell av värmelagret påverkas av främst två parametrar: antalet rör inuti lagret och rörens diameter. Effekterna på prestanda av ändra dessa parametrar studerades med teoretiska samband. Det visade sig att prestandan kan påverkas markant genom att göra ändringar i designen. Hur kostnaden påverkas kunde inte visas men en kostnadseffektiv design har så få rör som möjligt, vilket medför att rördiametern måste ökas. Genom att använda de teoretiska resultaten utformades en logistik för en värmelagerdesign i två scenarier; ett scenario där ett växthus försörjs med värme, med relativt lågt energibehov jämfört med det andra fallet, där både växthus och hotell förses med värme. I hotel-scenariot kompletterar värmelagret den existerande pellets-pannan som förser hotellet med värme idag. Det visade sig att ett ökat värmebehov och antal värmeleveranser ökade lönsamheten för systemet avsevärt. Den sammantagna kostnaden för transporterad värme (engelska: levelized cost of transported energy, LCOTE) användes som parameter för att mäta lönsamheten och LCOTE-värden av 470 SEK/MWh samt 1380 SEK/MWh fanns för de två scenarierna. En känslighetsanalys visade att värmelagret självt är en av de mest inflytelserika parametrarna på LCOTE-värdet, samtidigt som det också är en av de mest osäkra posterna med avseende på kostnad och prestanda. Det rekommenderas att framtida studier fokuseras på att utforska val av design och tillhörande kostnader och prestanda.
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Rossouw, Gabriel Johannes. "Self-esteem and aggressive behaviour: a pilot study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007471.
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From Introduction: "That man is an aggressive creature will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain rodents, no other vertebrate habitually destroys members of his own species. No other animal takes positive pleasure in the excercise of cruelty upon another of his kind" (A. Storr, 1968 p. ix). It is a sombre fact that man is the cruellest and most ruthless specie that has ever walked on earth. We recoil in horror when we read the daily newspaper or in a history book of the atrocities committed by man, but as A. Storr puts it: "....., we know in our hearts that each one of us harbours within himself those savage impulses which lead to murder, to torture and to war." (p. ix). Our warranted concern with this phenomenon is portrayed by the tremendous amount of research in this field which can be sub-divided into two distinct categories. The first category consist of those that emphasize nurture in their attempt to gain a deeper understanding of human aggression, of which the behaviourists and social learning theorists are staunch supporters. Underlying their concern and endeavour is the personal belief that aggression is attributable to environmental factors. In short, they maintain that humans are not aggressive by nature and if one follows their argument to its logical conclusion it would allow for a sigh of relief and inspiration. Their research results indicate that well deliberated methods of control would most certainly result in the extinction or near extinction of aggression. The second category consist of those, notably the psycho-analytic school of thought, who emphasize nature in their understanding of human aggression and do not allow themselves the naivety of projecting aggression into environmental conditions and situations. In short, they argue that aggression is innate and serves a particular function in the psychological development of the human being. It is their contention that aggressiveness supports the individual in his drive towards independence. The aim of this paper is to present both stances and to broaden the perspective by introducing a view that straddles both nature and nurture. Following this view, of whom Rollo May (1972) is a strong supporter, to its logical conclusion would indicate that aggression is the result of nature as well as nurture and that it serves the function of re-establishing a sense of worth and significance that has otherwise been thwarted. Finally, this paper sets out to prove that aggression and violence "feeds on a low self- esteem and self-doubt" (Toch. 69, p. 212).
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Tran, Thai T. "Indirectness in Vietnamese Newspaper Commentaries: A Pilot Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1182797918.
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Mitchell, Cari Bacon. "Enactments, outcome, and marital therapy : a pilot study /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2528.pdf.
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Wong, Lai-wan Livia. "Cantonese paediatric hearing screening test : a pilot study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19859922.
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Simpson, Bronwyn. "Nutrient supplementation and cognitive function: A pilot study." Thesis, Simpson, Bronwyn (1994) Nutrient supplementation and cognitive function: A pilot study. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 1994. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50239/.
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This study was conceived within the context of the current IQ/Nutrient debate which cites research from both England and America and commenced with the study of Benton & Roberts ( 1988). As a contribution to this debate, the current research was undertaken as a pilot study to further investigate the nature of the relationship between nutrient supplementation and cognitive function.
Young schoolchildren aged 5-10 years were selected on the basis of a verbal cognitive deficit relative to nonverbal cognitive competence and supplemented for a 11 week period. Fiftyseven schoolchildren with verbal/nonverbal IQ deficits of at least 10 points were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups and participated in a double-blind study to evaluate treatment effects. Two active nutrient treatments were evaluated for differential effect against a placebo treatment. General versus specific forms of nutrient supplementation differentiated the active nutrient treatments. The general form of supplementation was a broad based mineral/vitamin supplement based on the 100% RDA level. The specific form of supplementation was individualised and based on identified states of nutrient deficiency.
Direction of improvement in cognitive function was assessed pre and post intervention using both psychometric and significant other (parent and teacher) questionnaire measures. Treatment effect on verbal versus nonverbal functioning was of interest so measures were selected as discriminators of either verbal or nonverbal cognitive function. After supplementation, those children who received the specific form of nutrient supplementation did better on verbal and nonverbal measures than both the general form of supplementation and the placebo treatment. The only significant treatment effect was found on a nonverbal psychometric measure of concentration and short term visual memory. This effect was found for both the specific and placebo treatments. No significant effects were found for the general form of supplementation.
In the light of these findings, the theoretical and practical implications of the current study are discussed.
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Mitchell, Carianne. "Enactments, Outcome, and Marital Therapy: A Pilot Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1508.
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Unfulfilled attachment related needs and wants are viewed by many therapists as the heart of couple distress (Johnson & Whiffen, 2003; Johnson, 2004). As a result, efforts to discover and utilize therapeutic processes that encourage couples to identify and appropriately respond to their partner's core attachment needs and wants continue to increase. This study served as a pilot study for a planned, larger-scale investigation examining enactments as a potential best-practice change mechanism to strengthen secure attachment in marital therapy. Twelve couples were randomly assigned to one of two possible experimental groups. Group 1 experienced three therapist-centered therapy sessions, followed by three enactment-centered sessions. Group 2 experienced three enactment-centered sessions followed by three therapist-centered sessions. Before each experimental session, both spouses independently completed a measure assessing their attachment security to their spouse over the past week. After each experimental session, both spouses independently completed a measure assessing how their attachment security to their spouse changed during the session. Each participant's scores were averaged and analyzed descriptively to explore possible trends and trajectories regarding the relationship between an enactment-focused clinical process and secure attachment and how it compared to a therapist-centered clinical process. The results of this pilot study provide preliminary support of enactments as an effective treatment protocol for therapists to help couples strengthen their secure attachment. Findings revealed trends suggesting that enactment-focused therapy sessions tended to increase overall couple secure attachment, perhaps superior to that of a solely therapist-centered approach.
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Render, M., J. Smith, L. Perrine, S. Kirk, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "Phrase Analysis of Preschooler Narratives: A Pilot Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1850.
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Swenson, Brendon James. "Interproximal tooth wear: an in vitro pilot study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2641.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a method of accurately quantifying the wear facet, and relating the wear facet size to the forces applied by the Iowa Tooth Wear Machine.
Methods: Ten un-erupted third molars were used for this study. The teeth were mounted in the Iowa Tooth Wear Machine with opposing proximal surfaces. Samples were run with a 0.250mm stroke length for 645,120 cycles under 5 pounds of weight. An optical scanner was used to digitize the initial and final interproximal wear facets. AnSur© software (Regents, University of Minnesota) was used to process and analyze the interproximal surfaces in terms of area (mm2), volume (mm³), and depth (µm).
Results: All samples were subject to identical magnitude and frequency of forces. The results show that there was considerable variation in volume loss between the samples. Results show similar amounts of volume loss in samples 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 with 1, 2, and 5 showing a considerably greater amount of wear.
Conclusions: The results suggest that there may be other compounding factors involved with facet formation, and the force magnitude and frequency alone does not determine the volume of enamel loss.
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Smith, Nicholas Rindels. "Interproximal tooth wear: an in vivo pilot study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1084.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a method to quantify the surface area of interproximal wear facets present in the human dentition. Another aim was to investigate the reliability of this method and possible correlations between the amount of interproximal tooth wear and vertical craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out on 24 adolescent individuals immediately prior to orthodontic treatment. Following interproximal contact separation of one week, interproximal impressions were taken with polyvinyl siloxane and a positive stone model was fabricated with type IV dental stone. The model of the wear facet was imaged using a computer-operated optical scanner and the border of the wear facet was digitally traced. From the digital tracing, the surface area of the wear facet was calculated. The intra-observer reliability of this method showed a strong agreement in repeated measurements, however the inter-observer reliability revealed some statistically significant differences between two examiners. The limited sample size could not reveal a significant relationship between interproximal tooth wear and vertical craniofacial morphology. This study serves as a proof of concept study from which further in vitro and in vivo research can be conducted to better understand the relationship between masticatory input (as measured by interproximal wear) and craniofacial morphology.
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Grizzell, Saara. "The Use of Feedback in Group Counseling in a State Vocational Rehabilitation Setting: A Pilot Study." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4252.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of providing feedback with group counseling upon the employment, symptom distress, interpersonal relationships, social role, and mental health functioning of 30 individuals with disabilities receiving services at a state vocational rehabilitation agency. Utilizing a repeated measures randomized wait-list control trial design, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: treatment (feedback plus group counseling) or treatment-asusual (group counseling only). Each participant completed the Outcome Questionnaire- 45, a measure of mental health, on a weekly basis and attended a group counseling program, 1.5 hours each week, for 10 weeks at one of five different offices within a vocational rehabilitation state agency. Analyses of improved mental health functioning between the experimental and control groups failed to reach statistical significance. Analyses found three statistically significant three-way interactions between time, condition, and public benefits when interpersonal relationships (p=.025); social role performance (p=.021), and mental health functioning (p=.028) were the dependent variables. Participant ratings in the feedback condition for progress made toward employment were significantly higher than those of participants in the treatment-as-usual. Similarly, the proportion of participants employed at the end of the group counseling program was statistically significant and favored the treatment condition. Taken as a whole, results raise the possible importance of public benefits and the use of feedback and group counseling for improving employment outcomes and functioning in the areas of interpersonal relationships, social roles, and overall mental health.
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Frazier, Julia R. "A case study of a pilot teacher study group in Senegal." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508744.
Full textAbstract:
This case study describes the experience of an American researcher and eight Senegalese high school English teachers piloting a teacher study group (TSG) in order to explore whether TSGs might be effective as professional development in Senegal. The most effective forms of professional development support teacher learning in both content and pedagogy, taking into account the importance of context, culture, and personal experience. In Senegal, resources for professional development are limited and teachers face challenges that include large class size, limited instructional resources, and the pressure of high stakes testing. TSGs, a type of collaborative professional development, could meet the criteria of effective professional development activities while being feasible in the challenging educational landscape of Senegal. This study sought to discover if implementing TSGs could be logistically feasible, if they could have value as professional development in that setting, and if the participants (teachers and administrators) saw value in them as professional development. The results of this study indicate that logistically it does seem feasible to form TSGs in Senegal. The challenges that faced this group do not seem insurmountable. It seems that this group could be an effective form of professional development because not only did the teachers engage in discussions which deepened their pedagogical and content knowledge through collaborative reflection, but they did this in a manner consistent with their context and culture. The teachers, without exception, perceived their participation in the group as a valuable learning experience. The administrators' perceptions of the groups were varied, but more positive than negative. Overall, TSGs seem to be a valuable professional development activity to explore further in Senegal and in other settings facing similar challenges. How TSGs could be adapted to meet the needs of teachers and administrators is discussed using insights gained from this group's experience.
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Mohan, Saravanan. "Feasibility study of Hybrid Cloud adoption in education and manufacturing." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367453037.
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Hartman, Lorraine Mary. "The evaluation of an individualised language programme in two multicultural Standard 9 classes : a pilot study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003405.
Full textAbstract:
Two multicultural, mixed-ability Standard Nine classes (17 year olds) were selected for this pilot study. As they were half way through the Senior Secondary phase they had completed most of their English Language syllabus. There was a wide range of achievement in English in addition to which, fifteen of the thirty-nine pupils were English second language speakers. The teacher had to decide how to cope adequately with these differences in the subject English in general and in particular, in the Language component. A Language programme was devised, based on the prescribed textbooks. The pupils could work through the programme at their own pace and order and could consult the researcher during or after class time. The programme only covered the prescribed Language Study component and only a quarter of the total English time during an eight-week period (one term) was given to its completion. A Pre-test was set, the Senior Certificate Language examination paper of 1986, and the results analysed. The two classes were combined into one group and then randomly placed in the experimental and control groups apart from eight boys whose timetable requirements restricted them to being in the same group. The experimental and control groups were not matched. Aspects of Action Research were included in the design; pupils kept individual records; diaries were written by three pupils from each group and an independent observation was made of each group. A Post-test was administered (the 1989 Human Sciences Research Council examination) and this was followed by a questionnaire. The hypothesis, stated in null form, was: Pupils taught by individualised methods will not achieve better results than those taught by traditional methods. This hypothesis proved to be true. The experimental group, who achieved a better result in the pre-test maintained their lead over the control group but did not increase it. Neither group fared well on the post-test but the experimental group achieved a result slightly higher than the provincial average. The affective results were more positive, most pupils enjoying their autonomy and experiencing a sense of achievement despite their results in the post-test. A few preferred whole and small-group teaching, showing that the teacher needs to present the subject in more than one style. This small-scale experiment dealt only with one aspect of English teaching, but there is potential for development particularly with regard to the use of individualised programmes both for remedial and enrichment purposes. The innovative teacher in the multicultural classroom could use individualised programmes profitably as part of his teaching repertoire.
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Björk, Eleonora, and Mari Thorildsson. "Childbirth self-efficacy inventory in Tanzania : a pilot study." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3270.
Full textAbstract:
Background. To give birth can be a stressful experience and women cope with thisstress in many different ways and have different personal outcomes. Self-efficacy orconfidence in ability to cope with labour can be considered as an important factoraffecting pregnant women’s motivation of normal childbirth and their interpretation ofthe childbirth event.The aim. The purpose of this study was to test the Chinese short form of theinstrument Childbirth self-efficacy instrument (CBSEI) in Tanzania, that measurepregnant women’s self-confidence and coping abilities during childbirth.Method. The Chinese short form of the CBSEI was used to pilot test the pregnantwomen’s confidence of childbirth to see if the questions were understood in theTanzanian culture. Besides this instrument socio-demographic data was collectedtogether with two open questions asking about attitudes and experiences of childbirth.The instrument was translated into Kiswahili. A sample of 60 pregnant women whowere visiting antenatal clinic (ANC) regularly were asked to participate and with helpfrom midwifes at two ANC places the questionnaires were filled out.Result. The result shows that the validity and reliability of the two subscales OE-16and EE-16 were established. The internal consistency reliability of the two subscaleswere high, suggesting that each of the subscale mean score provides a good overviewof self- reported belief in coping ability for childbirth.The results further show that the instrument, CBSEI in this pilot study is not able toidentify women who need extra support during childbirth.Conclusion. The reliability and validity of information presented in this pilot studysupport the use of the Chinese short form of the CBSEI as a research instrument in theTanzania culture. Further studies are recommended to get a wider understandingabout women’s coping abilities in a culture like Tanzania.