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Journal articles on the topic 'Pin pai'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 February 2023

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1

Koyanagi, Satoru, Yukako Kuramoto, Masahiko Kimura, Masatoshi Oda, Tomohiro Kozako, Satoru Hayashida, Hiroshi Shimeno, and Shinji Soeda. "Anti-apoptotic roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 100, no. 12 (2008): 1014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-04-0259.

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SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a member of the ser-pin gene family, is the primary inhibitor of urokinase-type and tissue-type PA s.PA I-1 plays an important role in the process of peripheral tissue remodeling and fibrinolysis through the regulation of PA activity. This serpin is also produced in brain tissues and may regulate the neural protease sequence in the central nervous system (CNS), as it does in peripheral tissues. In fact, PA I-1 mRNA is up-regulated in mouse brain after stroke.The serpin activity of PA I-1 helps to prevent tissue-type PA -induced neuron death.However, we have previously found that PAI-1 has a novel biological function in the CNS: the contribution to survival of neurites on neurons. In neuronally differentiated rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells, a deficiency of PA I-1 in vitro caused a significant reduction in Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNAs and an increase in Bcl-XS and Bax mRNAs.The change in the balance between mRNA expressions of the anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins promoted the apoptotic sequence: cas-pase-3 activation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and DNA fragmentation. Our results indicate that PA I-1 has an antiapoptotic role in neurons.PAI-1 prevented the disintegration of the formed neuronal networks by maintaining or promoting neuroprotective signaling through the MAPK/ ERK pathway, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of PAI-1 is independent of its action as a protease inhibitor. This review discusses the neuroprotective effects of PA I-1 in vitro, together with the relevant data from other laboratories. Special emphasis is placed on its action on PC-12 cells.

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2

Zhang, Yi-An, Jianfeng Di, and Wenqin Du. "Preparation of PA6-g-LCX-PAH fiber for removing formaldehyde." Polymer Engineering & Science 58, no. 9 (October 28, 2017): 1652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24755.

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3

Fryczkowska, Beata, Lucyna Przywara, and Tomasz Turek. "APPLICATION OF PAN/PANI COMPOSITE MEMBRANES IN PURIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER GENERATED DURING PROCESSING OF METALS." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/68316.

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4

Edoun, Emmanuel Innocents, and Marie-Christiane Bebey. "CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH DONORS’ SUPPORT: A CASE STUDY OF THE PAN-AFRICAN PARLIAMENT (PAP)." SOCIOECONOMICA 4, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12803/sjseco.4711715.

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5

Mbuli, Alex, Ambreen Chohan, Jessica Janssen, Olivia Greenhalgh, Lauren Haworth, Hannah Shore, Mairi Olivier, Hazel Roddam, Louise Anne Connell, and Jim Richards. "Assessment and Management of Pain, Alignment, Strength and Stability (PASS) in Patellofemoral Pain and Low Back Pain." Profese online 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/pol.2018.005.

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6

Pai, Surekha, and S. Anjana. "Surekha Pai." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2021.7102.

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This is a case report of patient diagnosed as IVDP present with tingling sensation over anterior and lateral compartment of thigh followed by pain over low back region radiates up to right ankle since one year. MRI revealed degenerative changes and disc protrusion at L3-L4, L4-L5 and disc extrusion at L5-S1 levels. Clinically the patient was present with symptoms of vatika Gridhrasi explained in Ayurveda classics. The patient was managed with Katibasti with Sahacharadi taila (7 days) followed by Patrapotali sweda and Erandamuladi Niruha vasti (8 days) along with Sahacharadi kashaya internally (50 ml BD B/F) in first visit. Patient continued the internal medicine and after a gap of one month, she was administered same protocol with Rajayapana vasti on second visit. Two assessment were made after treatment using ODI. After second visit ODI changed from severe to moderate disability.

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Koeshardiandi, Mirza. "Regenerative Pain Medicine, the New Era of Interventional Pain Management, Restart Now!" Journal of Anaesthesia and Pain 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jap.2021.002.02.01.

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Musculoskeletal conditions become the leading contributor of the total years lived disability (YLD) by causing 21.3% of the YLDs, after mental and behavioral problems. Several musculoskeletal conditions give a disproportional impact on low back pain, one of the leading causes of disability. Lateral epicondylitis with a prevalence of 1-2%, commonly suffered by adults in their 30-65 years old. Epicondylitis was also suffered by a small population of athletes, such as professional tennis players (10% of epicondylitis population). The severe repetitive injuries that affect the individual daily activity also increase the daily health care cost. Osteoarthritis and tendinopathy often become the cause of pain and musculoskeletal disability. However, the etiology of pain in osteoarthritis is multifactorial. The incidence of osteoarthritis reaches 6% in 30 years old population and increases due to aging. Degenerative disease, the reduction of function or structure of the tissue or organ due to aging, encourages the pain specialist to perform a reliable pain management/therapy. Prolotherapy, especially dextrose prolotherapy, has become a promising technique by providing a safe degenerative therapy, easy to performed, and highly available in health facilities. Nowadays, it is necessary to pay more attention to causative-based treatment strategies than symptom-based treatment. A multidisciplinary team is also needed to provide appropriate treatment.

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Rajgure, Arvindanand, Annasaheb Maske, and Ashok Deshmukh. "Radiofrequency Ablation of Genicular Nerves in Pain Management in Chronic Knee Pain." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 3 (part-2) (2017): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.4317.31.

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9

Tamagawa, Hirohisa, and Fumio Nogata. "OS07W0041 Durable PAN gels prepared by the thermal treatment to PAN fibers." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS07W0041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os07w0041.

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10

Praveena, Anyapu, Abhiruchi Yeshwant Patki, K. Prasad Rao, and Padmaja Durga. "Dexmedetomidine Vs Fentanyl in Scalp Nerve Block for Blunting Response to Skull Pin Insertion and Post-operative Pain: A Randomized Double Blinded Study." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 6, no. 6 (P-2) (2019): 2089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.6619.33.

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11

Barnes, Dominique. "Adhesiolysis in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain and a Temporal Resolution of Pain." Women's Health Science Journal 2, no. 3 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/whsj-16000122.

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Study Objectives: To evaluate the duration of pain improvement after laparoscopic and/or robotic assisted adhesiolysis in women with prior abdominal or pelvic surgeries that have been diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain with suspected pelvic and/or abdominal adhesions. Design: Retrospective Cohort (Canadian Task Force Level II) Setting: Hospital based practice of gynecological surgery and pelvic pain, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix AZ Patients: Women with prior surgery who underwent laparoscopic or robotic assisted adhesiolysis for chronic pelvic pain secondary to pelvic and/or abdominal adhesions between April 2012-Febuary 2016. Intervention; Adhesiolysis performed via laparoscopic or robotic assisted, defined as 30 minutes or greater of operating time needed to restore normal anatomy. Measurements and Main Results: Eighty-eight women were identified with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 4410 and 58550 for adhesiolysis. Women > 18 years old who had prior surgery, and symptoms of pelvic pain were included in the study. Women were excluded if they were found to have another source of pelvic pain, malignancy, surgical complications, co-surgery with another specialty, and conversion to laparotomy, and organ resection. The average age at the time of adhesiolysis was 39 years old (range of 19-57). The average number of abdominal surgeries was 1.42 (range 1-4). Fifty-six patients were excluded for concomitant procedures. Thirty-patients patients meet eligibility criteria, of those; seventeen patients had previously undergone at least one adhesiolysis procedure for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain. All 17 of these patients had improvement of their pain. Fourteen of the 17 patients had 2 adhesiolysis procedures with the median length of time between the first and second procedure (improvement in pain after procedure) being 24 months (range of 6-162 months). Three of 14 underwent a third adhesiolysis procedure with the median pain free interval of 24 months. Two of the 3 patients had a fourth adhesiolysis procedure with the average pain free interval being 24 months prior to the 4th procedure. Fifteen of the 32 patients, who underwent their first adhesiolysis treatment, 10 had resolution of pain and 5 patients had a significant improvement of pain. Of this cohort the earliest reported return of pain was 6 months, and the longest total pain free interval was 13 years and 6 months. Conclusion: In patients who present with pelvic pain and prior abdominal or pelvic surgery adhesiolysis may be associated with a temporal improvement of pain.

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Vats, Ashok, and Chandnani Anup S. "Psychosomatic Evaluation of Chronic Pain in Patients with Malignancy and Non Malignant Pain." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.42(pt-ii)17.7.

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Kim, Tae-Young, and Young-Je Kwark. "Synthesis of Poly(ethylene oxide-b-acrylonitrile) Block Copolymers with Higher Polyacrylonitrile Content Using Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques." Textile Science and Engineering 52, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2015.52.020.

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14

Popov, Alexander S. "Objectivization of Pain Sensitivity." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 4571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020171.

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15

Othman, Gomaa. "Shoulder Pain in Swimmers." Orthopaedics and Surgical Sports Medicine 2, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0427/018.

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Shoulder pain is the most important symptom that affects competitive swimmers, with a prevalence between 40 – 91%, and it constitutes a special syndrome called the “swimmer’s shoulder”. This syndrome, described by Kennedy and Hawkins in 1974 consists in discomfort after swimming activities in a first step. This may progress to pain during and after training. Finally, the pain affects the pro23wsq2wgress of the athlete.

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Rodríguez Sánchez-Laulhé, Pablo. "DESMITIFICANDO EL DOLOR DE ESPALDA." IUS ET SCIENTIA 5, no. 2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/iestscientia.2019.i02.02.

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Chatmaitri, Swist, Suwimon Tangwiwat, Pathom Halilamien, Pakpoom Ruangsomboon, Chaturong Pornrattanamaneewong, Keerati Chareancholvanich, and Rapeepat Narkbunnam. "Efficacy of adding an interspace block to the posterior knee for perioperative pain in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial." Acta Orthopaedica 93 (November 30, 2022): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/17453674.2022.5257.

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Background and purpose: The interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block is a novel anesthetic technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our objective was to compare the effect of IPACK and adductor canal block (ACB) and periarticular injection (PAI), relative to ACB and PAI only, from baseline to postoperative day 3, in patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA.Patients and methods: This was a single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Adults over the age of 50 who were scheduled for unilateral primary TKA were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to ACB and PAI block (control group), or ACB, PAI, and IPACK block (IPACK group). The primary outcome was mean pain at rest during 24–48 hours post-operation using a numerical rating scale (0–10). We also investigated opioid use and ambulation pain.Results: 89 patients were evaluated, 45 from the control group and 44 from the IPACK group. Despite slightly higher mean pain score at rest in the control group, no statistically significant difference was found during 0–24 hours (0.13; 95% CI –0.19 to 0.46), 24–48 hours (0.42; CI –0.06 to 0.89), and 48–72 hours (0.35; CI 0.00 to 0.69) postoperatively as well as in maximum pain scores at rest. Neither pain during ambulation nor the number of opioids used differed between the trial groups at any given time point.Conclusion: The addition of the IPACK block to ACB and PAI did not reduce postoperative pain intensity or opioid usage. Therefore, IPACK block may not offer any benefit for pain management in patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA who are already receiving ACB and PAI.

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18

Sulastri, Ati, Izzatul Mardhiah, and Yusuf Ismail. "Pengembangan Media Ice Breaker Talking Pen pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Kelas X SMAN 100 Jakarta." Jurnal Online Studi Al-Qur'an 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jsq.013.2.03.

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This study aims to find out how to develop media ice breaker talking pen and media feasibility on the subjects of PAI. The research method used is Borg and Gall development model which includes requirement analysis, validation test, and test phase. The result of this development research is ice breaker talking pen media product which consists of command card and music developed through data collection, planning, product development, and validation and testing. Based on the validation results obtained the average score of the material experts of 4.75 (very good), and from the media experts of 3.78 (good), and the results of student responses about this media amounted to 4.39 or very good category. Therefore the ice breaker talking media on the eyes of learning PAI class X is declared eligible for use with very good category. Keywords: Development Model Study, Ice Breaker Talking Pen, PAI Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara mengembangkan media ice breaker talking pen dan kelayakan media tersebut pada mata pelajaran PAI. Metode yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan Borg dan Gall yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, tahap validasi dan tahap uji coba. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini adalah produk media ice breaker talking pen yang terdiri dari kartu perintah dan musik yang dikembangkan melalui tahap pengumpulan data, perencanaan, pengembangan produk, serta validasi dan uji coba. Berdasarkan pada hasil validasi didapat skor rata-rata dari ahli materi sebesar 4,75 (sangat baik), dan dari ahli media sebesar 3,78 (baik). Serta hasil dari tanggapan siswa mengenai media ini sebesar 4,39 atau kategori sangat baik. Maka dari itu media ice breaker talking pen pada mata pelajaran PAI kelas X dinyatakan layak untuk digunakan dengan kategori sangat baik. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran, Ice Breaker Talking Pen, PAI

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19

Khalimova, Dilrabo Jalilovna. "RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-6.

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In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions

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Khalimova, Dilrabo Jalilovna. "RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-6.

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In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions

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Díaz Romero, Paula. "Dolor físico, atención y esquema corporal: consideraciones fenomenológicas sobre la naturaleza del dolor." Thémata Revista de Filosofía, no. 54 (2016): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/themata.2016.i54.09.

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22

Unruh, Anita M., and Judith A. Ritchie. "Development of the Pain Appraisal Inventory: Psychometric Properties." Pain Research and Management 3, no. 2 (1998): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/709372.

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OBJECTIVE: To discuss the development, content validity, internal consistency and factor structure of a Pain Appraisal Inventory (PAI).DESIGN: A PAI was constructed with a threat appraisal scale and a challenge appraisal scale. Content validity was demonstrated with a panel of health experts. A sample of 309 individuals participated in a random community survey about troublesome pain in the two weeks preceding the telephone interview.RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis produced a two-factor structure comprising threat appraisal and challenge appraisal. Cronbach's alphas were 0.86 for the threat scale and 0.81 for the challenge scale. Threat appraisal was correlated with respondents' scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Pain Disability Index, and measures of pain intensity and emotional upset due to pain. Challenge appraisal was reported by only 14% of the sample and limited the usefulness of statistical analyses for this variable.CONCLUSIONS: Appraisal of pain may be key to the underlying overall adjustment of an individual to pain. The PAI distinguishes between threat and challenge appraisal of pain, and may have considerable utility for the measurement of appraisal in experimental, epidemiological and clinical pain research.

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Vejl, P., S. Skupinová, P. Sedlák, and J. Domkářová. "Identification of PCN species (Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida) by using of ITS-1 region’s polymorphism." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 11 (December 22, 2011): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4400-pse.

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Progressive methods of molecular analyses of DNA are routinely used in the fields of zoological and botanical taxonomy, pest management and plant breeding. Knowledge of species-composition in populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida) is very important for selection of appropriate measure of regulation PCN’s occurrence. The molecular method for distinguishing of PCN species is described in this article. European populations of PCN – &Scaron;luknov (Ro1), Obersteinbach (Ro2), Harmerz (Ro5), Kalle (Pa2), Chavornay (Pa3), Delmsen (Pa3), and some cysts of unknown pathotype from Ka&scaron;perské hory (K) locality were used. Species-specific sets of primers for ITS-1 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1) amplification were designed on base of known sequences ITS-1 of both PCN species by using of freeware Primers! for the World Wide Web. By using of set Fro1-Rro1 was product 411 bp detected (only in cause G. rostochiensis), by using of set Fpa2-Rpa1 the product 239 bp was detected (only G. pallida). For these reasons the identity of the European populations was confirmed. Cysts of population K were identified as G. pallida.

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Molinari, Sergio, Nicola Greco, and Miloslav Zouhar. "Superoxide dismutase isoelectric focusing patterns as a tool to differentiate pathotypes of Globodera spp." Nematology 12, no. 5 (2010): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x12628646275961.

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Abstract Isoelectric focusing was used to separate proteins from cyst extracts of potato cyst nematode (PCN) populations. In a first set of assays, cyst extracts from standard populations of Globodera rostochiensis pathotypes Ro1, Ro2, Ro3, Ro2/3, Ro4, and Ro5, and G. pallida pathotypes Pa2 and Pa3, were loaded on isoelectric focusing gels. Gels were stained for superoxide dismutase (SOD), esterase, and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). Twelve bands of SOD activity were detected, six (B1-B6) migrating towards the basic zone and the other six (A1-A6) migrating towards the acidic zone, starting from the loading point. A cluster analysis was carried out based on a data matrix that reported the presence or absence of SOD bands on the isozyme electrophoresis patterns (IEPs). Globodera spp. were clearly distinguished and, within G. rostochiensis, Ro2 and Ro4 shared a high level of similarity, respectively, with Ro3 and Ro5; moreover, Ro1 could be clearly distinguished from Ro2/3 and Ro4/5. Globodera pallida Pa2 and Pa3 also shared a high level of similarity. In contrast, esterase and GPI IEPs did not discriminate among G. rostochiensis standard pathotypes. Subsequently, 14 field populations of G. rostochiensis, five from Italy and nine from Venezuela, and three field populations of G. pallida, two from Italy and one from Chile, were assayed to obtain SOD IEPs. Italian populations had previously been identified at pathotype level by bioassays according to the generally accepted international test using different resistant potato cultivars and clones. The cluster analysis carried out on the SOD IEPs of all the populations tested formed four distinct groups within G. rostochiensis and only one within G. pallida. Pathotype identification of Globodera populations by SOD IEPs was not able to discriminate between bioassay standard couples Ro2/Ro3, Ro4/Ro5 and Pa2/Pa3. Therefore, three groups were assigned to Ro1, Ro2/3 and Ro4/5, and a fourth group to Pa2/Pa3. Four Venezuelan populations, not identified at pathotype level by bioassays, formed a distinct fifth group. By means of the method described herein, four additional unknown Venezuelan populations could be assigned to Ro1 group and one to Ro2/Ro3 group; one G. pallida population from Chile was assigned to Pa2/Pa3 group.

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Kawano, Takashi, and Masataka Yokoyama. "The validation of pin-evoked hyperalgesia-like behavior as a measure of neuropathic pain in rats." PAIN RESEARCH 26, no. 4 (2011): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11154/pain.26.223.

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Bohuszewicz, Paweł. "Pan Podstoli: Interspecific oscillation of text." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 298, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 667–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134929.

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The article “Pan Podstoli”: Interspecific Oscillation of the Text is a polemic on the text of Piotr Żbikowski’s The Origins of the Polish Novel, i.e. the Genological Structure of “Pan Podstoli”, in which the author tries to prove that the work of Krasicki is not a novel, but a mirror. Żbikowski is fundamentally right, but his powerful argument is not fully convincing, insofar as it does not cover the entirety of Krasicki’s text. In my article I try to show that in “Pan Podstoli” there are fragments that escape the logic of the mirror, and which perfectly implement the logic of the novel. In this respect the earlier findings of researchers demonstrating the hybrid nature of the work remain valid, but my own contribution shows that this hybrid is internally different

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27

Cubero Salmerón, José Ignacio. "Legumbres: el pan del pobre." Arbor 192, no. 779 (June 30, 2016): a312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.779n3002.

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Fučík, Tomáš, and Jaromír Mašata. "Pelvic neuropathic pain (differential diagnosis)." Česká gynekologie 86, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg2021279.

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Summary: Objective: General practitioners, surgeons, neurologists, urologists and gynecologists all encounter patients suffering from neurogenic pelvic pain. Correct management demands knowledge from all above mentioned specialties. The primary goal is to help patients suffering from chronic or acute pelvic pain coupled with functional disorders like dysuria, urgency, dyspareunia, mobility disorders orhypoesthesia. Neurogenic defects are not the most common etiology for either of listed symptoms. However, after exclusion of the more common ones and failure to respond to basic therapeutic methods such as physiotherapy or analgotheraphy doctors tend to mark the illness as idiopathic and incurable. The goal of this review is to show the most common nosological units and a robust diagnostic algorithm to describe the type and level of the damage. Methods: Review of literature using databases Pubmed, Science direct, Medline and sources of the international school of neuropelveology. Conclusion: Over a lifetime, one in seven women will suffer from chronic pelvic pain. Outside of the cases where a clear postoperative etiology is established, the time to make a correct dia gnosis is often long for the unspecific and varied symptomatology. Neuropelveological diagnostic algorithm is demonstrably efficient in shortening the time to diagnosis and more importantly to the treatment.

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Adams, James David. "Chronic Pain – What is it?" New Medical Innovations and Research 2, no. 5 (October 21, 2021): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2767-7370/025.

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The brain stem and brain are involved in chronic pain processing and sensation. This may involve changes in gene expression through epigenetic alterations [1]. Chronic pain is also a learned experience which involves the brain [2]. In chronic pain, thresholds to pain sensation decrease such that pain may be produced by nonpainful stimuli.

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Kowa, Hisanori, Hiroshi Takigawa, and Kenji Nakashima. "Cortical spreading depression and pain: A missing link in the pathophysiology of migraine?" Rinsho Shinkeigaku 54, no. 12 (2014): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1006.

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Chang, Duk-Rye, Eun-Young Jeong, and Ho-Sung Kim. "Characterization of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers by Electrospinning." Korean Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (May 27, 2007): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2007.17.5.278.

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Jaiswal, Tarun, and Sushma Jaiswal. "Deep Learning Based Pain Treatment." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23639.

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Grothe, Timo, Daria Wehlage, Tobias Böhm, Alexander Remche, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Needleless Electrospinning of PAN Nanofibre Mats." TEKSTILEC 60, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2017.60.290-295.

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Franjic, Sinisa. "Pain Is An Uncomfortable Sensation." Journal of Adolescent and Addiction Research 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2314/001.

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Pain is an uncomfortable sensation that indicates that the body is damaged or threatened with injury. Pain starts at special pain receptors that are found all over the body. These pain receptors transmit messages as electrical impulses along nerves to the spinal cord and then upward to the brain. Sometimes the signal when it reaches the spinal cord elicits a reflex response. When this happens, the signal is immediately sent back by the motor nerve to the site of pain, encouraging the muscles to tighten. An example of a reflex reaction is an immediate withdrawal reaction after something very hot is inadvertently touched. The pain signal is also transmitted to the brain. Only when the brain processes the signal and perceives it as pain does the person become aware of it. Pain felt in some areas of the body does not have to indicate exactly where the problem is, because the pain can be transferred to another area. Transmitted pain occurs because signals from several areas of the body often go to the spinal cord and brain through the same nerve pathways. The ability to endure pain varies with mood, personality, and conditions. Pain can change greatly with age. As people get older, they complain less about pain, perhaps because changes in the body reduce the sensation of pain. On the other hand, older people may simply be more stoic than younger people.

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Agarwal, Nidhi, and Pawan Kumar Aggarwal. "EFFECT OF PILATES ON PAIN AND CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN FEMALES WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2017): 1881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2016.213.

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Sun, Hao, Zhiyu Huang, Zhiqi Zhang, and Weiming Liao. "A Meta-Analysis Comparing Liposomal Bupivacaine and Traditional Periarticular Injection for Pain Control after Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 03 (April 4, 2018): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641141.

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AbstractLiposomal bupivacaine is a novel method for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but recent studies showed no advantage for patients undergoing TKA compared with traditional periarticular injection (PAI). The purpose of this analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes between liposomal bupivacaine treatment and traditional PAI. We retrospectively reviewed data from 16 clinical trials in published databases from their inception to June 2017. The primary outcome was postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and secondary outcomes included opiate usage, narcotic consumption, range of motion, and length of stay. Nine randomized controlled trials and seven nonrandomized controlled trials involving 924 liposomal bupivacaine cases and 1,293 traditional PAI cases were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. No differences were detected in most of the clinical outcomes, except for postoperative VAS within 12 hours and length of stay. This analysis showed that liposomal bupivacaine is not associated with significant improvement in postoperative pain control or other outcomes in TKA compared with PAI.

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Diglas, J., C. Feinböck, K. Irsigler, F. Winkler, T. Egger, R. Weitgasser, T. Pieber, and L. Lytzen. "Reduced pain perception with Pen MateTM an automatic needle insertion device for use with an insulin pen." Practical Diabetes International 16, no. 2 (March 1999): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1960160209.

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Zhu, Tengjiao, Xing Xin, Bin Yang, Chen Liu, Bolong Kou, Zhongqiang Chen, and Ke Zhang. "Association Between Clinical Symptoms and Radiographic Features in Late-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis Using a New Radiographic Parameter." Pain Medicine 22, no. 7 (February 2, 2021): 1539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab029.

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Abstract Objective In this study, we proposed a new radiographic parameter, the plateau attrition index (PAI), and the PAI grades (PAIs) to explore the relationship between subchondral attrition of the tibial plateau and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis. Method One hundred nineteen patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis were enrolled. The Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) grades and hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle were used to characterize the radiographic features of knee OA. The bone attrition of the tibial plateau was determined by the PAI and PAIs. The symptoms of knee OA were assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), which is composed of the WOMAC pain (WOMP), WOMAC stiffness (WOMS), and WOMAC function (WOMF) subscores. WOMAC pain scores were divided into non-weight-bearing pain (NWBP) and weight-bearing pain (WBP) subcategories. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the PAI, HKA angle, and WOMAC scores. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the WOMAC score and the PAIs and K/L grades. Results The distribution of the WOMAC scores according to the PAIs was significant (P < .01). A positive correlation was identified between the PAI and the WOMAC, WOMP, WOMF and WBP scores (r = 0.29, 0.34, 0.26 and 0.34, P < .01, respectively). In addition, the PAIs was also significantly correlated with the WOMAC, WOMP, WOMF, and WBP scores (r = 0.37, 0.38, 0.35 and 0.44, P < .01, respectively). Conclusions The attrition of tibial subchondral bone determined by the new parameter, the plateau attrition index, was correlated with symptoms, especially weight-bearing pain in late-stage knee OA.

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Kiparissoff-Bondil, H., S. Devisme, D. Rauline, F. Chopinez, F. Restagno, and L. Léger. "Evidences for flow-assisted interfacial reaction in coextruded PA6/PP/PA6 films." Polymer Engineering & Science 59, S1 (February 27, 2018): E44—E50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24841.

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Ju, Sung-Bum. "자석을 동반한 키네시오 테이핑 적용에 따른 만성 요통환자의 통증 조절 효과." Korea Journal of Sport 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.46669/kss.2021.19.2.034.

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Hashimoto, Akira, Motoki Sonohata, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Sakumo Kii, Hirohito Hirata, and Masaaki Mawatari. "Comparison of the Effect of Different Local Analgesia Administration Techniques in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study." Pain Research and Management 2021 (July 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914590.

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Objective. To improve postoperative pain management, several authors have described the use of periarticular injection (PAI) or intra-articular injection (IAI) following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no comparative studies examining the results between PAI and IAI following THA have been published. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of PAI and IAI following THA. Methods. This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled patients who underwent unilateral primary THA. A total of 278 patients (281 hips) were included in the final analyses, with 112 patients (113 hips) in the control group, 85 patients (87 hips) in the PAI group, and 81 patients (81 hips) in the IAI group. Numeric rating scale (NRS) scores and laboratory data were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 7. Results. NRS scores, creatine phosphokinase, and C-reactive protein levels in the PAI and IAI groups were significantly lower than those in the control group on POD 1 and 7. D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the PAI and IAI groups than in the control group on POD 7. The white blood cell count was significantly higher in the PAI and IAI groups than in the control group on POD 1 and 7. Aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were within the reference ranges in all three groups at all time points. NRS scores and laboratory data showed no significant differences between the PAI and IAI groups at all time points. Conclusion. PAI and IAI have equivalent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering the technical challenges of PAI, IAI may be preferable because of its simplicity in the case of using a closed suction drain.

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Song, Yuanlin, Susan V. Lynch, Judith Flanagan, Hanjing Zhuo, Wynnson Tom, Rachel H. Dotson, Marshall S. Baek, et al. "Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Concentrations in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Are Associated with Increased Mortality in a Cohort of Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Anesthesiology 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200702000-00012.

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Background Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations are found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The authors hypothesized that PAI-1 concentrations were associated with increased mortality in patients with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ventilator-associated pneumonia or tracheobronchial colonization. Methods In a prospective cohort study, daily aspirates from intubated patients were cultured for P. aeruginosa. Positive patients had blind BAL (bBAL) that was processed for biomarker concentrations. Secretion of type III secretion cytotoxins were also analyzed from the P. aeruginosa strains. Results Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Ten of the 33 patients died. bBAL PAI-1 concentrations were significantly increased in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (31.7 vs. 3.4 ng/ml, P = 0.001 for hospital mortality; 35.9 vs. 4.7 ng/ml, P = 0.02 for 28-day mortality). Even when acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were excluded, there was a significant difference between the survivors and nonsurvivors for bBAL PAI-1 concentrations (P = 0.005). Eighty-three percent of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with high concentrations of bBAL PAI-1 also had strains that secreted cytotoxins. Conclusions PAI-1 concentrations in bBALs correlated with mortality in ventilated patients with positive cultures for P. aeruginosa. Elevated bBAL PAI-1 concentrations also correlated with the secretion of type III exotoxins by P. aeruginosa.

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Rizzardi, Camilla Domingues do Lago, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, and Silvia Regina Dowgan Tesseroli Siqueira. "Espiritualidade e religiosidade no enfrentamento da dor." O Mundo da Saúde 34, no. 4 (December 30, 2010): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.20104483487.

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Bendersky, Damian. "Practical Tips in Neuromodulation for Pain." Anaesthesia & Critical Care Medicine Journal 3, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/accmj-16000134.

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Godefroit, P. "Dental variation in the genus Pan." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 78, no. 2 (November 30, 1990): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/78/1990/175.

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Tomasz, Karski. "Back Pain, Causes, Symptoms and Physiotherapy." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 3, no. 3 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000184.

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Every fourth woman and every sixth man in the world coming to the Orthopedic or Neurology Departments complain of spinal pains - information from WHO, D ecade of Bones and Joints 2000 - 2010 (Lars Lidgren). According to our observations there are six main causes of such spinal disorders: 1. Lumbar Hyperlordosis causes by flexion contracture of hips and in result anterior tilt of the pelvis. Common in persons with Minimal Brain Dysfunction (MBD). Pain syndromes appear after overstress in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 2. Lumbar or thoracic - lumbar left convex “C” scoliosis in 2nd/A etiopathological group (epg) or ”S” scoliosis in 2nd/B epg in Lublin classification. Pain syndromes appear after overstr ess in some kinds of jobs or in sport. 3. Stiffness of the spine as clinical sign of “I” scoliosis in 3rd epg group in Lublin classification. 4. Spondylolisth esis or spodylolisis in sacral - lumbar or lumbar spine. 5. Urgent “nucleus prolapsed” (in German “Hexen Sch uss”). 6. Extremely cooling of the back part of trunk during work or intensive walking in low temperature. In many of patients in clinical examination we see positive Laseguae test. Sometimes we see weakness of extensors of the feet or paresis of the foot. Our observations confirm that not surgery, but physiotherapy can be beneficial to the patients with spinal problems.

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Milczarek, Dorota, Beata Tatarowska, Jarosław Plich, Anna Podlewska-Przetakiewicz, and Bogdan Flis. "Solanum gourlayi—a Source of Cyst Nematode Resistance in Potato Breeding." Potato Research 63, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-020-09459-9.

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AbstractThe potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are among the most important pests causing significant yield loss in potato production. Cultivating resistant cultivars of potato is the most effective and environmentally safe method for protecting potato crops against nematodes. However, widespread cultivation of cultivars resistant to G. rostochiensis can affect the reproduction of G. pallida. Therefore, breeding for resistance to nematodes remains among the major aims of potato breeding programmes. Many wild Solanum species could be valuable sources of nematode resistance. This study examined the resistance to G. pallida identified in two accessions of the wild species Solanum gourlayi. Both accessions demonstrated resistance to pathotypes Pa2 and Pa3, but show asymmetric distribution of resistance among the progeny clones. The presented distributions of resistance scores indicate quantitative nature of resistance to G. pallida. Furthermore, this resistance is specific to each pathotype and may be controlled by different genes. We also conclude that there is a need for independent evaluation of resistance for both pathotypes of G. pallida (Pa2 and Pa3).

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Chen, Wei-Lin, Mei-Chuan Chen, Shang-Fu Hsu, Shih-Hsin Hsiao, and Chi-Li Chung. "HDAC Inhibitor Abrogates LTA−Induced PAI-1 Expression in Pleural Mesothelial Cells and Attenuates Experimental Pleural Fibrosis." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060585.

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Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) stimulates pleural mesothelial cell (PMC) to overproduce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and thus may promote pleural fibrosis in Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) parapneumonic effusion (PPE). Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) was found to possess anti-fibrotic properties. However, the effects of HDACi on pleural fibrosis remain unclear. The effusion PAI-1 was measured among 64 patients with GPB PPE. Pleural fibrosis was measured as radiographical residual pleural thickening (RPT) and opacity at a 12-month follow-up. The LTA−stimulated human PMCs and intrapleural doxycycline−injected rats were pretreated with or without the pan-HDACi, m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide (CBHA), then PAI-1 and collagen expression and activated signalings in PMCs, and morphologic pleural changes in rats were measured. Effusion PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in GPB PPE patients with RPT > 10 mm (n = 26) than those without (n = 38), and had positive correlation with pleural fibrosis shadowing. CBHA significantly reduced LTA−induced PAI-1 and collagen expression via inhibition of JNK, and decreased PAI-1 promoter activity and mRNA levels in PMCs. Furthermore, in doxycycline−treated rats, CBHA substantially repressed PAI-1 and collagen synthesis in pleural mesothelium and minimized pleural fibrosis. Conclusively, CBHA abrogates LTA−induced PAI-1 and collagen expression in PMCs and attenuates experimental pleural fibrosis. PAI-1 inhibition by HDACi may confer potential therapy for pleural fibrosis.

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Balsara, Rashna D., and Victoria A. Ploplis. "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: The double-edged sword in apoptosis." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 100, no. 12 (2008): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-07-0427.

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SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a multi-functional protein. It is a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators; urokinase-plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator, and also plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and signal transduction pathways.These biological events are important processes during angiogenesis and restenosis. PAI-1 has been shown to regulate proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.The ability of PAI-1 to regulate cellular proliferation and migration has been attributed to its ability to control plasmin production, modify signaling pathways, and its inherent multifactorial ability to bind to vitronectin and lipoprotein receptor-related protein.However,the mechanism by which PAI-1 regulates the apoptotic pathway is not well understood. Evidence from the literature suggests that PAI-1 or its deficiency alters key signalling pathways, such as the PI3-k/Akt and the Jak/STAT pathways, and is involved in maintaining endothelial cell integrity thereby regulating cell death. Other investigators have demonstrated that PAI-1 directly binds to caspases as a mechanism of PAI-1-mediated cellular apoptosis. Moreover, results from studies assessing the role of PAI-1 in apoptosis have suggested that PAI-1 can exert pathogenic or protective effects, which may be related to the disease model or type of injury employed.

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Manduric, Sanja, and Stig Andersson. "Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) from Swedish potato cultivation - an AFLP study of their genetic diversity and relationships to other European populations." Nematology 5, no. 6 (2003): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103773040754.

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AbstractSixteen Swedish PCN populations (nine Globodera rostochiensis and seven G. pallida populations) were compared with 20 other European populations (nine G. rostochiensis and 11 G. pallida populations) from Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom in an AFLP study. Seven AFLP primer combinations were used to amplify genomic DNAs extracted from cysts. A dendrogram, based on UPGMA and evaluated by bootstrap analysis, contained two main clusters, one for each species. The Swedish Ro1 populations were very similar to corresponding populations from other parts of Europe. Remaining G. rostochiensis populations appeared as a genetically heterogeneous group with two Swedish populations being most dissimilar. Within G. pallida there was strong support for differentiating Pa1 populations from Pa2/3 populations. All Swedish G. pallida populations were grouped in the Pa2/3 cluster, and there were indications that they might have two main European origins. On the whole, the study indicates that there is considerable heterogeneity in Swedish PCN populations, justifying the maintenance of effective phytosanitary regulations.

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