Journal articles: 'Pinbot'

1

Vezzulli, Silvia, Lorena Leonardelli, Umberto Malossini, Marco Stefanini, Riccardo Velasco, and Claudio Moser. "Pinot blanc and Pinot gris arose as independent somatic mutations of Pinot noir." Journal of Experimental Botany 63, no. 18 (October 23, 2012): 6359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers290.

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2

Bohince, P. "Pinot Noir." Literary Imagination 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imq067.

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3

Dunea, G. "Pinot Noir powders." BMJ 319, no. 7213 (September 25, 1999): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7213.861a.

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Vlastníková, H., K. Moravcová, and M. Pidra. "The RAPD analysis of several cultivars of grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) and their clones." Horticultural Science 31, No. 4 (November 25, 2011): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3807-hortsci.

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Nine identification RAPD markers (Moravcová et al. 2003) were used to distinguish 24 clones and grapevine cultivars. No polymorphism was detected among all the tested clones of Chardonnay, Pinot gris and Zweigeltrebe from Pole&scaron;ovice. Pinot noir, Pinot gris, Pinot blanc and Pinot Meunier were indistinguishable within clones, they also showed the identical RAPD profile within cultivars (except discussed sample No. 26). On the other hand, Auxerrois as a relative to cultivars of Pinot group showed unique patterns and may be classified as a different cultivar. Some irregularities within the cultivars of Pinot family from Oblekovice were also found, several of them gave different results from those expected: Pinot blanc sample 26 has the RAPD profile typical of Chardonnay. A new abnormal RAPD pattern as a marker of typical Chardonnay and Pinot profiles was observed in two cases. While RAPD banding patterns could not distinguish between the known clones, they were useful for distinguishing between phenotypically similar cultivars and for assessing the origins of cultivars thought to have originated as sports.    

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5

Hocquigny, S., F. Pelsy, V. Dumas, S. Kindt, M.-C. Heloir, and D. Merdinoglu. "Diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states." Genome 47, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-006.

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Vitis vinifera 'Pinot' clones were analysed at 50 microsatellite loci to assess intravarietal genetic diversity. When analysing leaf tissue DNAs, polymorphism mainly resulted from the appearance of a third allele when two were expected for heterozygous loci in a diploid species. The sequencing of the three microsatellite alleles at two loci has confirmed their simultaneous presence in the leaf tissues. A hypothesis explaining the triallelic profiles at a locus is the presence of a periclinal chimera meristem structure, in which genetically different cell layers coexist. The periclinal chimeric state of two Vitis vinifera 'Pinot gris' clones was confirmed by splitting and analysing the genotypes resulting from L1 and L2 cell layers in progeny derived from self-fertilization, in root tissues, and in plants regenerated from somatic embryogenesis. Prevalence of chimerism in polymorphic clones observed in a collection of 145 accessions belonging to 'Pinot gris', 'Pinot noir', Pinot blanc', 'Pinot meunier', and 'Pinot moure' cultivars was demonstrated. The accumulation of somatic mutations and cell layer rearrangements allowed us to deduce the relationships between the various genotypes and to open a way for understanding the diversification process and the phylogeny in the 'Pinot' group.Key words: microsatellite, diversity, somatic mutation, chimerism, Vitis vinifera L., 'Pinot'.

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6

Philipp, Christian, Phillip Eder, Sezer Sari, Nizakat Hussain, Elsa Patzl-Fischerleitner, and Reinhard Eder. "Aromatypicity of Austrian Pinot Blanc Wines." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 5705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235705.

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Pinot blanc is a grape variety found in all wine-growing regions of Austria. However, there are only few scientific studies which deal with the aroma of wines of this variety. In the course of this project, the relationship between aroma profile and the typicity of Austrian Pinot blanc wines was studied. The aim was to describe the typicity and to find significant differences in aroma profiles and aroma descriptors of typical and atypical Pinot blanc wines. Since the typicity of a jointly anchored prototype is embedded in the memory, typical attributes for Austrian Pinot blanc wines were first identified by consumers and experts or producers. According to this, 131 flawless commercial Austrian wines of the variety Pinot blanc of the vintages 2015 to 2017 were analysed for more than 100 volatile substances. The wines of the vintages 2015 to 2017 were judged by a panel of producers and experts for their typicity; furthermore, the wines of the vintage 2017 were also evaluated by a consumer panel and a trained descriptive panel. Subsequently, typical and atypical wines were described by the trained descriptive panel. It was found that Pinot blanc wines typical of Austria showed significantly higher concentrations of the ester compounds ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, while atypical wines had higher concentrations of free monoterpenes such as linalool, trans-linalool oxide, nerol oxide, nerol and alpha-terpineol. The sensory description of typical Pinot blanc wines was significantly more pronounced for the attribute “yellow pome fruit”, and tended to be more pronounced for the attributes “green pome fruit”, “pear”, “walnut”, “pineapple”, “banana” and “vanilla”, while the atypical Pinot blanc wines were described more by the attribute “citrus”. These findings could help to ensure that, through targeted measures, Austrian Pinot blanc wines become even more typical and distinguish themselves from other origins such as Germany or South Tyrol through a clear concept of typicity.

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Qiao, Yifeng, Diana Hawkins, Katie Parish-Virtue, Bruno Fedrizzi, Sarah J. Knight, and Rebecca C. Deed. "Contribution of Grape Skins and Yeast Choice on the Aroma Profiles of Wines Produced from Pinot Noir and Synthetic Grape Musts." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030168.

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The aroma profile is a key component of Pinot noir wine quality, and this is influenced by the diversity, quantity, and typicity of volatile compounds present. Volatile concentrations are largely determined by the grape itself and by microbial communities that produce volatiles during fermentation, either from grape-derived precursors or as byproducts of secondary metabolism. The relative degree of aroma production from grape skins compared to the juice itself, and the impact on different yeasts on this production, has not been investigated for Pinot noir. The influence of fermentation media (Pinot noir juice or synthetic grape must (SGM), with and without inclusion of grape skins) and yeast choice (commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118, a single vineyard mixed community (MSPC), or uninoculated) on aroma chemistry was determined by measuring 39 volatiles in finished wines using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fermentation medium clearly differentiated the volatile profile of wines with and without yeast, while differences between EC1118 and MSPC wines were only distinct for Pinot noir juice without skins. SGM with skins produced a similar aroma profile to Pinot noir with skins, suggesting that grape skins, and not the pulp, largely determine the aroma of Pinot noir wines.

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8

Gogorcena, Y., S. Arulsekar, A. Dandekar, and D. E. Parfitt. "RFLPS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GRAPE CULTIVARS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1081d—1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1081d.

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DNA from 9 cultivars and 5 `Pinot noir' clones were isolated with either the Delaporta or cTAB methods Twenty five 32P label led cloned probes were constructed with the pUC18 plasmid and Hind-III digested `Pinot noir' DNA. Standard methods of isolation and labelling were used. The probes were tested for efficacy of `fingerprinting' the 14 selections. rDNA and cloroplast a/h binding protein probes were also tested. The non-specific probes were not found to be useful as they bound to an excess number of sites and could not be removed from the southern blots, rendering them useless for further analysis. Grape specific probes bound at multiple sites, indicating that multiple fragments were incorporated into the plasmid vectors during library construction. With the greater variability observable with these multi locus probes, significant polymorphism was observed between cultivars, including `Cabernet sauvignon' and `Pinot noir' which were not distinguishable with GPI or PGM isozymes. Variability between clones of `Pinot noir' was observed with several probes, indicating that these selections are different. No variability had been observed at isozyme loci of the `Pinot noir' clones

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9

Lamboy, Warren F., Christopher A. Alpha, and David V. Peterson. "Unknown Cultivars of Cold-hardy Grape Can Be Successfully Identified by Their Simples Sequence Repeat (SSR) Fingerprints." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 516d—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.516d.

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Simple sequence repeat DNA fragments (SSRs) have been suggested as the method of choice for DNA fingerprinting of grape cultivars. Nevertheless, the use of SSRs as a practical fingerprinting method is not without its pitfalls. For example, when the polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify SSR sequences, potentially confusing “stutter” bands may occur, or there may be non-template directed addition of an “A” to the end of synthesized fragments, or other artifactual amplification products may be produced. Since we would like to fingerprint our entire cold-hardy grape collection of ≈1300 cultivars, we decided to conduct a blind test to determine if SSR fingerprinting actually would be practical in our circumstances. First, SSR fingerprints were established for 45 commercially important cool-climate grape cultivars, the known standards. Then, SSR fingerprints were produced for 44 “unknown” cultivars grown in the Finger Lakes Region of New York. The identities of these were known only to the third author. To independently identity these “unknowns,” their fingerprints were compared to those of the known standards. By this means, 42 of the 44 “unknowns” were immediately correctly identified. The identity of one of the two remaining unknowns was truly not known to the vineyard owner; it was identified as Cabernet Franc, a grape commonly grown in the region. The final “unknown” was a plant of Pinot Blanc, whose fingerprint matched those of both the known and the unknown Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir plants, but did not match that of the Pinot Blanc plants used as standards. This was surprising, since all three Pinot's varieties are simply fruit color mutants of the same genotype. Further investigation revealed that the known plants of “Pinot Blanc” had been misidentified, and actually were the cultivar Melon. Thus, identification of the “unknown” Pinot Blanc as Pinot Noir or Pinot Gris was correct, as were the identifications of the 43 other `unknowns.” This study confirmed that SSR fingerprinting is a practical method for identifying cool-climate grape cultivars.

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10

Caviasso, G., E. Chiavassa, G. Dellacasa, N. De Marco, F. Ferrero, A. Musso, A. Piccotti, et al. "MWPCs for the PINOT spectrometer." Il Nuovo Cimento A 103, no. 2 (February 1990): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02820601.

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11

Tomasino, Elizabeth, and Shiloh Bolman. "The Potential Effect of β-Ionone and β-Damascenone on Sensory Perception of Pinot Noir Wine Aroma." Molecules 26, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051288.

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Volatile compounds are responsible for driving the aroma of wine. Because of their low perception thresholds, norisoprenoids may play an important role in wine aroma. Studies have shown that β-damascenone may act as an aroma enhancing compound. However, the direct impact on wine aroma is unclear. Our study examined the direct impact of β-ionone and β-damascenone on the aroma sensory perception of Pinot noir wines. Triangle tests were used to determine if assessors could distinguish between wines with varying concentrations of β-ionone and β-damascenone in three different Pinot noir wine matrixes. Descriptive analysis was performed on these treatments, perceived as different in triangle tests. Results show that β-ionone acts as a significant contributor to aromas in Pinot noir wine, as individuals could differentiate both the low and high concentration wines from the control. How β-ionone impacted wine aroma depends on the wine matrix, as different aroma descriptors were affected based on the model wine used, resulting in floral, red berry or dark berry aromas. The effect of β-damascenone on Pinot noir aroma was less clear, as perception seems to be heavily influenced by wine matrix composition. This study contributes to our understanding of the complex chemical causation of fruity aromas in Pinot noir wine.

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12

Reid, Martine. "Robert Pinget." Yale French Studies, no. 75 (1988): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2929356.

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13

Ruffel, David, and Maria O’Sullivan. "Pinget Queer." Romanic Review 104, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26885220-104.1-2.127.

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14

Meyer, Melody M., and Bruce C. Kirkpatrick. "Exogenous Applications of Abscisic Acid Increase Curing of Pierce's Disease-Affected Grapevines Growing in Pots." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (February 2011): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0446.

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Foliar and drench applications of the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) were applied to 1-year-old potted Vitis vinifera ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines infected with Xylella fastidiosa, the bacterial pathogen that causes Pierce's disease (PD). A naturally occurring ABA and a synthetic ABA were applied, and both materials showed some effectiveness at increasing curing rates of PD-affected grapevines. Pinot Noir grapevines treated with the drench ABA treatments had significantly greater disease curing effects than the unsprayed control plants. It has been shown that plant phenolics have antimicrobial properties, and we found a positive correlation between effective ABA treatments and the total phenolic compound content of xylem sap extracted from Pinot Noir vines.

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15

Riaz, Summaira, Keith E. Garrison, Gerald S. Dangl, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, and Carole P. Meredith. "Genetic Divergence and Chimerism within Ancient Asexually Propagated Winegrape Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 4 (July 2002): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.4.508.

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In total, 25 clones of Vitis vinifera `Pinot noir' and 22 clones of `Chardonnay' were analyzed with 100 microsatellite markers, selected from an initial screening of 228 markers. Of the 100 markers, 17 detected polymorphism within one or both of the cultivars. In `Pinot noir', 15 polymorphic markers detected 15 different genotypes, uniquely distinguished 12 clones out of the 25 and separated the remaining 13 clones into 3 groups. In `Chardonnay', 9 polymorphic markers detected 9 genotypes and uniquely distinguished 6 clones out of the 22. The remaining 16 clones were separated into 3 groups. For markers that were polymorphic in `Pinot noir' and `Chardonnay', none of the variant alleles were common to both cultivars. It is inferred from this result that the natural cross that produced `Chardonnay' probably occurred when `Pinot' was still relatively young. Many of the variant genotypes were expressed as three alleles. Further analysis revealed the presence of chimeras in which the third allele was present in leaf but not root or wood tissues, confirming that the grape apical meristem is functionally two-layered. Some clones that share the same microsatellite genotype are documented to have originated in the same locality, suggesting that the origins of undocumented clones may be traced by comparing their microsatellite genotypes with those of well-documented clones. Because clones of `Pinot noir' and `Chardonnay' are often visually indistinguishable, microsatellite genotyping may also be useful to detect identification errors in collections and nurseries.

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Kadir, Sorkel. "Thermostability of Photosynthesis of Vitis aestivalis and V. vinifera." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 4 (July 2006): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.4.476.

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High temperature adversely affects photosynthetic rates and thylakoid activities in many species, but photosynthesis response to heat stress is not well defined in grapes (Vitis L.). Genotypes within species respond differently to high temperatures, indicating a genetic variability for the trait. The objective of this study was to determine the physiological responses of two grape species to high temperature, at the whole-plant level and at the cellular level. Gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence of intact leaves and thermostability of extracted thylakoids of the American (V. aestivalis Michx.) `Cynthiana' and European (V. vinifera L.) `Semillon', `Pinot Noir', `Chardonnay', and `Cabernet Sauvignon' wine grapes were evaluated. One-year-old vines were placed in controlled environmental chamber held at 20/15, 30/25, or 40/35 °C day/night for 4 weeks. Net CO2 assimilation (A) rate, stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence of intact leaves were measured at weekly intervals. Chlorophyll fluorescence of thylakoids extracted from V. aestivalis `Cynthiana' and V. vinifera `Pinot Noir' subjected to temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 °C was measured. Optimal temperatures for photosynthesis were 20/15 °C for `Cynthiana' and `Semillon' and 30/25 °C for the other three V. vinifera cultivars. The A, gs, E, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence values at 40/35 °C were lower in `Cynthiana' than `Pinot Noir'. In general, reduction of A coincided with decline in gs in `Cynthiana', whereas no strong relationship between A and gs was observed in V. vinifera cultivars. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of intact leaves for all the cultivars decreased at 40/35 °C, with severe decline in `Cynthiana' and `Cabernet Sauvignon,' moderate decline in `Semillon' and `Chardonnay', and slight decline in `Pinot Noir'. A distinct effect of high temperature on Fv and Fv/Fm of `Cynthiana' was exerted after 2 weeks of exposure. Prolonged-exposure to 40/35 °C led to 78% decrease in Fv/Fm in `Cynthiana', compared with 8% decrease in `Pinot Noir'. In general, Fv and Fv/Fm of extracted thylakoids declined as temperature increased, with more decline in `Cynthiana' than in `Pinot Noir'. Based on A rates and Fv/Fm ratios, results showed that `Cynthiana' has lower optimal temperature for photosynthesis (20/15 °C) than `Pinot Noir' (30/25 °C). Chlorophyll fluorescence responses of intact leaves and extracted thylakoids to high temperatures indicate that `Pinot Noir' possess higher photosynthetic activity than `Cynthiana'. Results of this work could be used in selection programs for the development of heat resistant cultivars in the warmest regions.

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17

Schreiner, R. Paul, and James Osborne. "Potassium Requirements for Pinot noir Grapevines." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 71, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2019.19043.

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18

Nicholas, Kimberly A. "Will We Still Enjoy Pinot Noir?" Scientific American 312, no. 1 (December 16, 2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0115-60.

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19

Bertazzon, Nadia, Vally Forte, Luisa Filippin, Michele Borgo, and Elisa Angelini. "Evolution of the new grapevine disease of Pinot gris and of Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV)." BIO Web of Conferences 7 (2016): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20160701042.

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20

Gogorcena, Y., S. Arulsekar, and D. E. Parfitt. "MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPE CULTIVARS II." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 660f—660. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.660f.

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The work reported here is an extension of studies reported in 1990. The general objective was to develop molecular markers for genotype `fingerprinting', with specific reference to possible clonal differences among `Pinot noir' clones. Leaf DNA from 8 cultivars and 9 `Pinot noir' clones were isolated. RFLP and RAPD markers were identified and used to characterize the genotypes. 65 32-P labelled cloned probes were constructed with the pUC18 plasmid and Hind-III digested `Pinot noir' DNA. The probes were tested for their ability to discriminate among the 8 cultivars. 3 probes pGAD10, pGAD15, and pGAD44 showed polymorphisms among the cultivars. pGAD15 was most useful, with 5 polymorphisms for the 8 cultivars. RAPD makers were also tested for `fingerprinting'. Several primers were tested and polymorphisms were identified among cultivars. However, significant problems with repeatability for some bands were observed. Therefore, a series of experiments were conducted to test the effect of season and extraction method. These factors did not account for the inconsistancy which seemed to be more a function of the primer used. None of these studies showed clear evidence that the `Pinot noir' clones tested were geetically different.

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21

Duchêne, Eric, Nathalie Jaegli, and R. Salber. "Effects of the leaf /fruit ratio during a year N on the bud fertility in the year N+2: results for Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the greenhouse." OENO One 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2003): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2003.37.4.958.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Plants of Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer were monitored in 2002 after defoliation (R-)/ grape removal (R+) treatments at the veraison stage in 2000. Growth capacities between the treatments were equivalent in 2002. The number of inflorescences per shoot was reduced for the R- treatment only for the Pinot noir. Whereas the number of berries per cluster was reduced in the R- treatment for both varieties, a compensation occured on the number of seeds per berry and on the mean weight per berry for the Gewurztraminer. The final weight of berries per plant was reduced in the R- treatment only for the Pinot noir. The reactions of the two varieties in 2001 and 2002 after 2000 treatments are discussed.</p>

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22

Marodin, Gilmar Arduino Bettio, Denis Salvati Guerra, Claiton Luiz Dvoranovski Zanini, Fabiano Argenta, and Vinicius Grasselli. "Brotação e produção das videiras 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 'Pinot Noir' submetidas a diferentes concentrações de cianamida hidrogenada." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 28, no. 3 (December 2006): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452006000300015.

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A ausência de frio invernal na videira produz efeitos adversos, como o atraso e desuniformidade de brotação das gemas, dificuldades de manejo fitossanitário, produção escalonada e de baixa qualidade. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Garibaldi, na região da Encosta Superior do Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com 640 metros de altitude, com objetivo de testar concentrações de cianamida hidrogenada de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5% nas cultivares viníferas Cabernet Sauvignon e Pinot Noir. Os melhores resultados para brotação de gemas de vara foram de 1,75 e 2,0 % em 'Cabernet Sauvignon' e 'Pinot Noir', respectivamente. Concentrações superiores a 1,5 % ocasionaram uniformidade de brotação, independentemente do ano. A maior produtividade foi obtida com cianamida.hidrogenada 2,0% nas duas cultivares, com elevação média de cinco ton/ha. Houve maior fertilidade nas gemas de vara do que em esporão. Os aspectos qualitativos das uvas não foram afetados pela cianamida hidrogenada, com exceção do peso médio dos cachos na 'Pinot Noir', na safra de 2004.

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23

Pleško, I. Mavrič, M. Viršček Marn, G. Seljak, and I. Žežlina. "First Report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus Infecting Grapevine in Slovenia." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1137-pdn.

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Unusual virus-like symptoms were first observed in 2001 on grapevine cvs. Pinot gris and Sauvignonasse in vineyards from the western part of Slovenia. Symptomatic plants showed shortened internodes, poor leaf development, mottling, and deformations of leaves that resulted in poor growth of symptomatic plants. In 2003 and 2004, several samples were tested for Arabis mosaic virus, Cherry leafroll virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Strawberry latent ringspot virus, Tomato black ring virus, Tomato ringspot virus, and Tobacco ringspot virus by DAS-ELISA, but none of them could be confirmed as the cause of the observed symptoms. During intensive visual inspections between 2002 and 2006, the symptoms were observed on most grapevine cultivars grown in the Primorska region but predominantly on the two previously mentioned cultivars. In Trentino, northern Italy, similar virus-like symptoms, i.e., chlorotic mottling, puckering and deformation of the leaves, reduced yield, and low quality of the berries were observed in grapevine plants cv. Pinot gris in 2003 and in cvs. Traminer and Pinot noir in 2009 (2). No common grapevine viruses could be associated with the disease. In 2012, a new trichovirus named Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) was found in Pinot gris plants using deep sequencing. The virus was also detected in symptomless plants (2). GPGV was later reported also from Korea causing inner necrosis of berries and poor fruit set in grapevine cv. Tamnara (1). In 2012, 42 leaf samples from mostly symptomatic grapevine plants of cvs. Pinot gris, Pinot noir, and Muscat blanc were collected at three locations in the Primorska region. Total RNA was extracted from leaves using the MagMAX Express magnetic particle processor with MagMAX-96 Total RNA Isolation Kit and Plant RNA Isolation Aid in Lysis Binding Solution Concentrate (all by Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). DNA fragments of 1,049 bp corresponding to the movement protein gene were successfully amplified by RT-PCR from 40 samples using primers GPgV5619 and GPgV6668 (2). Amplification products from three plants were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. The sequences were deposited in the EBI database under the accession numbers HG738850 to 52. All the nucleotide sequences shared 97.4 to 97.6% identity with GPGV from Italy (sequence FR877530) and 97.1 to 98.2% amino acid identity within the translated region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GPGV in Slovenia. The disease seems to be spreading extensively in the Primorska region, causing considerable economic losses, and in 2013 it was also observed in other regions of Slovenia. Since the virus could be found in symptomless plants in Italy and in Slovenia, its role in the development of the disease should be further investigated. References: (1) I. S. Cho et al. New Dis. Rep. 27:10, 2013. (2) A. Giampetruzzi et al. Virus Res. 163:262, 2012.

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Schreiner, R. Paul, and James Osborne. "Defining Phosphorus Requirements for Pinot noir Grapevines." American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 69, no. 4 (May 29, 2018): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2018.18016.

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Jahnke, G., J. Májer, P. Varga, and B. Szőke. "ANALYSIS OF PINOT CULTIVARS BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1046 (July 2014): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1046.86.

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Pranoto, Hadi. "EFISIENSI POWER ENGINE TRUCK PERGERAKAN DINAMIS DENGAN MENGUBAH RATIO FINAL GEAR PADA TRUCK KAPASITAS 30 TON." SINERGI 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2015.1.008.

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Final Gear terdiri dari pinion gear dan ring gear, yang terletak di dalam differential atau gardan. Terdapat hubungan antara final gear pada pinion gear dengan efisiensi daya / power engine kendaraan atau truck. Daya/Power Engine pada truck dinyatakan dalam satuan hp dimana Power yang dibutuhkan kendaraan di pengaruhi oleh daya tahanan gelinding, daya tahanan udara, daya tahanan kelandaian, daya energi kinetis dan daya internal engine. Awal penelitian dimulai dengan pemilihan jenis pinion gear baik dari sisi harga, material, jumlah gigi, suku cadang dan kesesuaian dengan pasangannya. Dari hasil pemilihan tersebut ada 2 jenis dari 3 jenis pinion gear yang ada di pasaran dan 2 jenis tersebut menjadi sample penelitian. Yaitu jenis pinion gear dengan jumlah gigi 11 dan jumlah gigi 12. Sedangkan pasangannya yaitu ring gear dengan jumlah gigi 37. Dalam penelitian efisiensi power engine truck kapasitas 30 ton ini dikondisikan dengan 3 variasi grade jalan ( 4%, 6% dan 8%) dalam 3 kali pengujian. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa gigi pinion dengan jumlah 11 memiliki efisiensi power engine 68,5 %, sedangkan untuk gigi pinion jumlah 12 memiliki efisiensi power engine 65,1 %. Jadi kesimpulannya gigi pinion dengan jumlah 11 lebih efisien 3,4 % dibanding dengan gigi pinion dengan jumlah 12. Sehingga gigi pinion jumlah 11 mampu menghemat tenaga engine dan menghemat konsumsi bahan bakar engine.

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Mégevand, Martin. "Pinget seen by Beckett, Beckett according to Pinget: The Unpublishable." Journal of Beckett Studies 19, no. 1 (April 2010): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0309520709000417.

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Saldarelli, P., A. Giampetruzzi, M. Morelli, U. Malossini, C. Pirolo, P. Bianchedi, and V. Gualandri. "Genetic Variability of Grapevine Pinot gris virus and Its Association with Grapevine Leaf Mottling and Deformation." Phytopathology® 105, no. 4 (April 2015): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-14-0241-r.

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The role of Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) in the etiology of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation was investigated by biological and molecular assays. A survey on different cultivars from the Trentino Region in Italy showed a widespread distribution of GPGV, which was associated with symptomatic (79%) but also with symptomless (21%) vines. Symptomatic and GPGV-infected ‘Pinot gris’ vines induced symptoms on grafted vines of healthy Pinot gris or ‘Traminer’, whereas GPGV-infected but symptomless vines did not. High-throughput sequencing of small RNA (sRNA) populations of two infected Pinot gris accessions confirmed the existence of nearly overlapping viromes in vines with or without symptoms but phylogenetic analyses of the genomes of seven GPGV isolates from Italy and the Czech and Slovak Republics clearly differentiated those infecting symptomatic vines. The involvement of Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV) in the disease, which was only infecting the symptomatic vine, was ruled out by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of two GPGV genomic regions, encompassing part of the movement protein (MP) and coat protein gene sequences and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of the replicase gene, showed that isolates from symptomatic vines form a lineage distinct from that of symptomless vines. Moreover, the presence or lack of the MP stop codon identified in viral isolates from symptomatic or symptomless vines, respectively, is likely responsible for an MP six amino acids longer in symptomless isolates.

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Philipp, C., S. Sari, P. Eder, E. Patzl-Fischerleitner, and R. Eder. "Austrian Pinot blanc wines: Typicity, wine styles and the influence of different oenological decisions on the volatile profile of wines." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191502005.

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Pinot blanc is found in all wine regions of Austria. However, it plays an economically subordinate role compared to the most important white grape variety, Grüner Veltliner. The concept of wine typicity and terroir is that the geographical origin and oenological practices, along with the grape variety, make an important contribution to the final expression of the finished wine. The purpose of this study was to discuss different styles of Austrian Pinot blanc wines and to discuss the various wine production decisions in terms of wine stylistics and aromatic profile. 131 commercial Austrian wine samples of the Pinot blanc variety of the 2015 to 2017 vintages were collected and the manufacturer's practices were determined by means of a questionnaire related to the wine styles. Using various GC-SIM-MS methods, more than 100 essential volatile substances were quantified. A trained panel, an expert panel and consumers evaluated the wines based on typicity and quality. 15 typical wines were then assessed on a sensory basis by means of predetermined aroma and wine styles. The four Austrian Pinot blanc wine styles previously discussed and presented by the same authors (citrus (1st style), green apple and green pear (2nd style), ripe yellow apple, quince, cooked pear, bread and honey notes (3rd style), as well as intensive oak notes (4th style)) were able to be partially reproduced by the trained panel. The following three wine styles could be better understood by the consumers: fresh fruity (style A), complex aroma with or without moderate wood (style B) and lots of wood aroma (style C). These styles (A–C) were able to withstand a sensory examination and a discriminant analysis by substance. An oenological guideline could help the producers to achieve the respective style. Austria's wine-growing area is probably too small and the importance of the Pinot blanc variety for the individual areas still too low to support the terroir concept for this grape variety.

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Michelini, Samanta, Selena Tomada, Amy Ellen Kadison, Florian Pichler, Fenja Hinz, Martin Zejfart, Francesco Iannone, et al. "Modeling malic acid dynamics to ensure quality, aroma and freshness of Pinot blanc wines in South Tyrol (Italy)." OENO One 55, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.2.4570.

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Pinot blanc is a leading grapevine variety in South Tyrol (Italy) for wine production. The high quality of its wines derives from a typical aroma of elegant apple notes and lively acidity. The typicity of the final wine depends on the origin of the vine, the soil, the oenological practices and time of harvest. The South Tyrolean mountainous areas meet the cold climatic requirements of Pinot blanc, which guarantee its sweet-acidic harmony obtained when organic acids are in balance with the other components of the wine. However, increasing temperatures in valley sites during the berry development period boost the activity of malic acid (MA) enzymes, which negatively affect the final sugar/acid ratio. Researchers are currently focused on understanding acid dynamics in wines, and there are no references for the best sugar/acid ratio for Pinot blanc. Moreover, the contribution of individual acids to the sensory profile of this wine has not yet been studied. In this study we address the effect of different climate conditions and site elevations on the sugar/acid ratio in developmental grapevine berries, and we evaluate the effect on wine bouquet. Even if different models and indices have been proposed for predicting sugar content, no predictive models exist for MA in white grapes. In a three-year study (2017, 2018 and 2019) that involved eight vineyards in four different location in South Tyrol at various elevations ranging from 223 to 730 m a.s.l., the relationships between bioclimatic indices, such as growing-degree day (GDD) and grapevine sugar ripeness (GSR) and grapevine berry content were investigated. The analysis reveals that GDD may potentially predict MA dynamics in Pinot blanc; hence, a GDD-based model was used to determine the GDD to reach target MA concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 g/L). This simple model was improved with additional temperature-based parameters by feature selection, and the best three advanced models were selected and evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. These models could be used to support location and harvest date choice to produce high-quality Pinot blanc wines.

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Niu, Zi Ru, Gang Yan Li, Jian Hu, Tian Li Yan, Si Yu Zhang, and Jiang Jiang Tan. "Research on Structural Optimization Method of Rack and Pinion Steering Gear with Variable Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.98.

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Compared to the rack and pinion steering gear with constant ratio,the variable ratio rack and pinion of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio will cause changes in the force environment of the steering. It is necessary to analyze its structure and find the structural optimization method of the rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio. The overall model of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio was established by using CATIA, and the stress-strain and the deformation analysis of the overall structure was carried out by using ANSYS Workbench. The analysis results provide an important reference basis for the structural optimization method of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio.

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Efird, Jimmy T., Charulata Jindal, Andy C. Kiser, Shahab A. Akhter, Patricia B. Crane, Alan P. Kypson, Aaron L. Sverdlov, Stephen W. Davies, Linda C. Kindell, and Ethan J. Anderson. "Increased risk of atrial fibrillation among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery while receiving nitrates and antiplatelet agents." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (May 29, 2018): 3183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518773934.

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Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This arrhythmia occurs more frequently among patients who receive perioperative inotropic therapy (PINOT). Administration of nitrates with antiplatelet agents reduces the conversion rate of cyclic guanosine monophosphate to guanosine monophosphate. This process is associated with increased concentrations of free radicals, catecholamines, and blood plasma volume. We hypothesized that patients undergoing CABG surgery who receive PINOT may be more susceptible to POAF when nitrates are administered with antiplatelet agents. Methods Clinical records were examined from a prospectively maintained cohort of 4,124 patients undergoing primary isolated CABG surgery to identify POAF-associated factors. Results POAF risk was increased among patients receiving PINOT, and the greatest effect was observed when nitrates were administered with antiplatelet therapy. Adjustment for comorbidities did not substantively change the study results. Conclusions Administration of nitrates with certain antiplatelet agents was associated with an increased POAF risk among patients undergoing CABG surgery. Additional studies are needed to determine whether preventive strategies such as administration of antioxidants will reduce this risk.

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Lengyel, Ecaterina, and László Sikolya. "The Influence of Aroma Compounds on Senzorial Traits of Wines From the Apold Depression." Management of Sustainable Development 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msd-2015-0017.

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Abstract The present study aims at investigating aroma compounds in three wine varietals (Pinot gris, Traminer roz, Riesling) from Apold, the county of Sibiu, production of 2014, and their importance in realizing the sensorial profile of wines. Thus, it is ascertained that Traminer roz contains the highest amount of esters - 583.846 mg/L, a value that leads to the sensorial identification of floral and fruity notes. Higher alcohols determined through chromatography imprint specific traits to Pinot gris wines: bittersweet, floral notes validated through the determined amount (479.449 mg/L). Another wine trait is the concentration of higher fatty acids which reach an amount of 252.667 mg/L in Riesling wines, conferring distinctive floral notes. The concentration of aldehydes reaches 38 mg/L in Pinot gris wine, 32.996 mg/L in Traminer roz wine; these balanced, low values do not have a negative influence on sensorial traits of these wines. Terpenes compounds are represented by nerol and α-terpineol, whose values confer rose, lemon verbena and fruity notes, especially in the case of Traminer roz.

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Michalczewski, Remigiusz, Witold Piekoszewski, Marian Szczerek, Waldemar Tuszynski, and Maksim Antonov. "The Rolling Contact Fatigue of PVD Coated Spur Gears." Key Engineering Materials 527 (November 2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.527.77.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the resistance to rolling contact fatigue of a C:H:W and MoS2/Ti coated gears. The investigation of rolling contact fatigue was realised by means of a gear test rig using FZG PT C/10/90 pitting test. Four material combinations of gears were tested: wheel and pinion uncoated, wheel and pinion coated, wheel coated and pinion uncoated as well as wheel uncoated and pinion coated. The tests were performed using for lubrication mineral gear oil of API GL-5 performance level and 80W/90 viscosity grade. The results indicate that for the coated/coated pair (pinion and wheel coated) and coated pinion/steel wheel pair a significant decrease in the fatigue life compared to the uncoated gears was obtained. The best results were obtained in the case of the uncoated pinion / a-C:H:W coated wheel – even fourfold increase in the fatigue life was observed. This shows a very high potential of application of PVD coatings for gears.

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TEUSDEA, Alin C., Livia BANDICI, Rafał KORDIAKA, Gheorghe E. BANDICI, and Simona I. VICAS. "The Effect of Different Pulsed Electric Field Treatments on Producing High Quality Red Wines." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210890.

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The aim of this study was to apply different Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatments in the pre-maceration stage of the mash which derives from ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Merlot’ grapes that were harvested in the Crişana-Santimreu vineyard, Romania, in 2016, in order to increase the content of total phenols, flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanin pigment and colour intensity of ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Merlot’ wines. The electrical and mechanical parameters that represent the variables in this experiment were: the distance between the drums, different voltages (7-8 kV), and different frequencies (178-344 Hz). The wines obtained were also analyzed in terms of the antioxidant capacity using two different methods. All PEF treatments applied in the pre-maceration stage resulted in an increase in bioactive compounds content and colour intensification. Of the five PEF treatments tested, the PEF treatment using the distance between the drums of 2.5 mm, U = 8 kV, the frequency f = 344 Hz, pulse durations of 300 s resulted in a wine with a content of total phenols 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the control sample in the case of ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Merlot’, respectively. Also, this type of PEF treatment also resulted in an extraction of the total flavonoids as efficiently as 1.8 times and 1.4 times, respectively, in the case of ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Merlot’, respectively. PEF treatment is a technology suitable for extracting phenols from grapes and so this technology can be used in the food industry to obtain wines rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity.

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Supriyatna, Deddy, and Dandy Rasyid Muttaekid. "Analisis Kerusakan Differential Pada Kendaraan HINO 260 FM (SH17) : Studi Kasus di PT. Hudaya Maju Mandiri." AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/aeej.v2i1.61.

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Differential or often known as the axle is a component in a car that functions to transmit engine power to the wheel axle that previously passed through the transmission and propeller shaft. Problems or damage to the differential varies, ranging from a buzzing sound in the differential, damage to the gear pinion, worn gear pinion, oil leakage in the differential. In this case, finding the differential is damaged in the pinion gear, the pinion teeth are worn and damaged so that the vehicle cannot run or the torque from the engine cannot be continued due to damage to the differential. The differential on the HINO 260 FM vehicle has a lot of damage to the differential, because the overload. Overload capacity or weight of the vehicle's payload exceed the standard limits and there is a differential damage in the pinion gear. Differential atau sering dikenal dengan nama gardan adalah komponen pada mobil yang berfungsi untuk meneruskan tenaga mesin ke poros roda yang sebelumnya melewati transmisi dan propeller shaft. Problem atau kerusakan pada differential bermacam-macam, mulai dari bunyi berdengung pada bagian differential, kerusakan pada gear pinion, gear pinion aus, kebocoran oli pada differential. Pada kasus kali ini, menemukan kerusakan differential pada bagian pinion gear, gigi pinion aus dan rusak sehingga membuat kendaraan tidak bisa berjalan atau tenaga putaran dari mesin tidak bisa diteruskan keroda akibat kerusakan pada differential. Differential pada kendaraan Hino 260 FM sering sekali rusak, dikarenakan daya angkut yang melebihi kapasitas. Dan hal inilah yang biasanya menjadi penyebab kerusakan differential pada bagian pinion gear.

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Yoshikawa, Kenji, and Toshio Nakamura. "Pingo growth ages in the delta area, Adventdalen, Spitsbergen." Polar Record 32, no. 183 (October 1996): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400067565.

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ABSTRACTThe open-system pingos of Spitsbergen are formed outside terminal moraines, fault zones, and delta areas. Pingos in this study area were located near the shore in active geologic uplift areas. Three open-system pingos in the Adventdalen delta area of Spitsbergen were examined. Pingos closer to shore are younger in age and those farther away are older. Growth of these pingos occurs rapidly after initial submarine uplift and a minimum thickness of permafrost is established. Hut pingo, which is farthest from the sea, was formed after 6980±70 a BP (NUTA-3856). Driftwood associated with Longyear pingo, in the middle part of the delta, was dated at 2800±90 a BP. The radiocarbon age of peat near the shore pingo, Lagoon pingo, was 140±20 a BP. The growth of the pingos is related to transgression and development of permafrost.

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Sbraci, Sofia, Linda Salvi, Francesca Paoli, Eleonora Cataldo, Alessandra Zombardo, Sergio Puccioni, Paolo Storchi, and Giovan Battista Mattii. "Interactive effects of biostimulants and water stress on potted Pinot noir grapevines." BIO Web of Conferences 13 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191303006.

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Seaweeds extracts (SWE) are innovative and non-polluting tools that have become popular as biostimulants. Their effects on Pinot noir water potential, gas exchanges and fruit quality under drought stress and full irrigation were evaluated during the 2017 growing season. Differential irrigations were applied and Pinot Noir grapevines have been sprayed two times at label doses (3 g/L) during the vegetative growth, with the Ascophyllum nodosum exract, starting from veraison. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange and stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (°Brix, acidity, pH) and phenological one were analyzed. The inhibition of gas exchange and increase of stomatal limitation induced by drought stress were not reduced by SWE where A.nodosum had positive effects on midday stem water potential. Under full irrigation SWE increased leaf gas exchange. No particular effect was observed on the technological parameters after the treatment. The application of the seaweed extract improved polyphenols accumulation in stressed theses, increasing wine grapes quality. A.nodosum can be useful to reduce negative effects of abiotic stress such lack of water and to improve polyphenols content in grapes, especially in genotypes with a limited phenolic profile like Pinot Noir variety.

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Maia, Marisa, António E. N. Ferreira, Gonçalo Laureano, Ana Patrícia Marques, Vukosava M. Torres, Anabela Bernardes Silva, Ana Rita Matos, Carlos Cordeiro, Andreia Figueiredo, and Marta Sousa Silva. "Vitis vinifera ‘Pinot noir’ leaves as a source of bioactive nutraceutical compounds." Food & Function 10, no. 7 (2019): 3822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fo02328j.

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Radzevich, Stephen P. "Design of Shaving Cutter for Plunge Shaving a Topologically Modified Involute Pinion." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1588346.

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The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of designing a shaving cutter for plunge shaving a topologically modified involute pinion. Application of topologically modified pinion allows noise reduction. Due to the desired topologically modified pinion tooth surface is determined not analytically, and discretely by a grid of points, the problem under consideration cannot be solved by direct application of methods developed in theory of enveloping surfaces. A modified kinematical approach is developed to establish one-to-one correspondence between points that determine tooth surface of a pinion to be machined, and points that determine tooth surface of a shaving cutter to be applied. The developed approach is based on ideas, which could be traced back to publications by E. Buckingham. The following three considerations are essential: a) tooth surface of an initial nonmodified pinion, b) desired deviations of the topologically modified pinion tooth surface relatively to the nonmodified pinion tooth surface, and c) relative motion that shaving cutter performs in gear finishing operation. Consequently, the algorithm, and software for computing coordinates of points, which determine the modified gear-shaving cutter tooth surface is developed.

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Hoffmann, P., R. Blaich, and A. Forneck. "RETROTRANSPOSON-BASED MUTATIONS IN CLONES OF 'PINOT' VARIETIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 827 (May 2009): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.827.10.

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Stefanini, M., F. Iacono, L. De Micheli, and D. Porro. "ADAPTABILITY OF PINOT NOIR CLONES TO DIFFERENT ALTITUDES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 388 (April 1995): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.388.10.

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Casutt, Monica, and Peter Dürr. "Perception of alcohol in a Pinot Noir wine." Food Quality and Preference 4, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(93)90366-e.

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Pandey, Deepak K., and Hee-Chang Lim. "Pinion Failure Analysis of a Helical Reduction Gearbox in a Kraft Process." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082935.

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This paper reports investigations related to addressing the cause of pinion teeth deformation of a helical reduction gearbox in a kraft process. The American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) design methodology was employed to determine the safety factor under bending and surface fatigue strengths of a pinion and gear at two operating loads (3 and 3.75 MW). In addition, finite element analysis (FEA) of the pinion and gear assembly was also performed to check the misalignment (due to deformation) at 3.75 MW load. Based on the investigations presented herein, it is found that the pinion portion near the thrust disc became excessively deformed at the axial thrust corresponding to the 3.75 MW load, causing misalignment that resulted in the plastic deformation of the pinion teeth.

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45

Gurney, S. D. "Aspects of the genesis and geomorphology of pingos: perennial permafrost mounds." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 22, no. 3 (September 1998): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339802200301.

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Pingos are true perennial permafrost mounds. It is generally accepted that there are two main types of pingos in terms of genesis: hydrostatic (closed system) and hydraulic (open system). It is here proposed that a third category of ‘polygenetic’ (or ‘mixed') pingos should also be recognized in the light of published work and recent investigations. The lack of comprehension of hydraulic pingo genesis would seem to add weight to this proposal. Since suitable conditions for the formation of pure hydrostatic pingos are rarely met outside the Mackenzie Delta/Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area the ‘world’ type of pingo is most likely to be of an hydraulic or ‘polygenetic’ variety and thus further investigation is warranted, particularly for the elucidation of the palaeoenvironmental inferences of ‘relict pingos'.

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Wang, Qing Guo, Jing Wei, Li Zhi Chen, and Pan Gao. "Analysis of Dynamic Contact and Carrying Capacity Factors for Super-Modulus Pinion and Rack." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.622.

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Jack-up platform jacking system which undertakes the weight of the platform and working load is very important during the lifting, and its performance exerts a direct influence on the safety and application effect of the whole platform. The super-modulus pinion and rack of jack-up platform jacking system are most likely to damage by fracture and fatigue pitting, which are due to the hostile environments. As a result of dynamic load, the analysis of dynamic contact has important engineering significance in an actual project. For strengthening the carrying capacity of pinion and shortening the design period, the research of carrying capacity factors is very meaningful. In this paper, the changing of stresses on the pinion and rack are gained by FEM, and main parameters that influence the carrying capacity of the pinion in a jacking system are analyzed according to the calculation method in GB standard. The study results shows the contact stresses and bending stress are higher throughout the meshing process, which implies the dangerous position of the pinion. In single meshing period, the trend of bending stress in the compression side of pinion and rack is opposite, while the bending stress in the tension side of both rack and pinion are minimum near the pitch circle. The carrying capacity of pinion can be strengthened by changing the main parameters, such as tooth width, normal modulus, pressure angle, modification coefficient, but the influence degree of each parameter is different.

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Lagerback, Robert, and Lars Rodhe. "Pingos in Northernmost Sweden." Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography 67, no. 3/4 (1985): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/521101.

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Lagerbäck, Robert, and Lars Rodhe. "Pingos in Northernmost Sweden." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 67, no. 3-4 (October 1985): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1985.11880149.

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Waltham, Tony. "Topics. Pingos of Tuk." Geology Today 19, no. 6 (November 2003): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2004.00426.x.

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Henkels, Robert M. "Entretien avec Robert Pinget." Études littéraires 19, no. 3 (1987): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/500777ar.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pinbot'

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