Journal articles: 'Pince de suspension'

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Wu, Qing, Yan Sun, Maksym Spiryagin, and Colin Cole. "Methodology to optimize wedge suspensions of three-piece bogies of railway vehicles." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316645698.

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Wedge suspensions are critical systems for three-piece bogies. This paper proposes a methodology to optimize wedge suspensions using white-box suspension models, dynamic simulations of railway vehicle systems, parallel multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (pMOPSO), and parallel multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (pMOGA). Two types of original wedge suspensions with three different toe angle configurations were modeled and compared. Four case studies were carried out to prove the feasibility of the optimization methodology. A series of optimized designs were identified using the Pareto Front technique. Demonstrative optimized designs were compared with the original designs. Results show that wedge suspensions with the toe-in configuration provide better dynamic performance for freight wagons. Significant reductions to the maximum wheel/rail contact forces can be achieved by the optimized designs. Linear speed-up was achieved by using the parallel computing technique.

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Aronen, Tuija, Hely Häggman, and Anja Hohtola. "Transient β-glucuronidase expression in Scots pine tissues derived from mature trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-257.

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Vegetative buds and bud-derived calli and suspension cells from 5- to 50-year-old Scots pines (Pinussylvestris L.) were used as targets for biolistic transformation. The gene construct used in the experiments was 35S CaMV–β-glucuronidase (GUS). The highest average level of transient GUS expression was found in suspension cells: 1229 ± 359 (mean ± SE) expressing cells per million. Transient expression was found in 35 of 44 (79%) tree genotypes studied. The expression level in buds and in calli was low: one or two spots per expressing bud. Growth-regulator pretreatment (BAP and 2,4-D) increased the number of GUS-expressing buds significantly. The high transient expression level in suspensions and the high percentage of GUS-expressing genotypes suggest that mature Scots pine tissues have potential for further transformation and genetic regulation studies.

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Tautorus, T. E., L. C. Fowke, and D. I. Dunstan. "Comparative studies of protoplast development in jack pine (Pinus banksiana)." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-229.

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Protoplasts were isolated either from the cotyledons of 8- to 10-day-old seedlings, or from cell suspensions, initiated from seedlings of the same open-pollinated seedlot of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Protoplast yields were 2.0 – 7.0 × 105/g fresh wt. for cotyledon-derived, and 0.3–5 × 105/g fresh wt. for suspension-derived protoplasts. Cotyledon protoplasts (6.8%) divided after 5 to 8 days incubation in liquid Lainé medium C with 450 mM glucose as osmoticum. Small clusters of 6 to 10 cells, which were observed after approximately 2 weeks, formed microcalli upon further dilution of the culture medium. By 6 to 8 weeks, these microcalli could be transferred to solid medium using a nurse culture of jack pine cells. Protoplasts isolated from seven cell suspension lines differed in their responses to culture conditions. First divisions were only observed with two cell lines cultured in either Lainé medium C or one-half Litvay with 370 mM glucose, but this did not lead to callus development. Key words: jack pine, Pinus banksiana, cotyledons, protoplasts, regeneration, callus.

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Sun, Y. Q., and C. Cole. "Comprehensive wagon-track modelling for simulation of three-piece bogie suspension dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes434.

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A wagon-track dynamics interaction model has been developed to investigate the dynamics of suspensions with friction wedge dampers that are widely used in three-piece bogie wagons in Australia. The wagon is modelled using 66 degrees-of-freedom, accounting for the three-dimensional movements of all wagon components. The mass of the wedge has also been modelled. The track is modelled with rails as Timoshenko beams and discretely supported by the spring and damper elements representing the elasticity of pads, fasteners, and ballast. An assumed track geometry irregularity, i.e. top surface profile, is used for the analysis of suspension dynamics. The simulation results of the wagon-track dynamics interaction model have been compared with those from a VAMPIRE model. The VAMPIRE model uses the normal user level approaches without special subroutine development. Effects of the wedge friction conditions and the effect of track geometry irregularity have been investigated for the better understanding of dynamic performance of three-piece bogie suspensions.

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Huang, Francis L. "Prior Problem Behaviors Do Not Account for the Racial Suspension Gap." Educational Researcher 49, no. 7 (June 11, 2020): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x20932474.

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At the end of 2018, Obama-era disciplinary guidance aimed at reducing the use of suspensions in schools (especially for minorities and students with disabilities) was revoked by the U.S. Department of Education. A key piece of research supporting the decision was based on the analyses of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS-K), which showed that the racial suspension gap was not really about race but resulted from the differential behavior exhibited by Black and White students. We reanalyzed the public-use ECLS-K and provide syntax for our analyses to show that the findings were primarily due to sample selection bias. Several alternative model specifications were tested and continued to show the persistence of the race-based suspension gaps regardless of model or measure used.

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Hong, Zhenyu, Xiaoli Yu, Zhenpeng He, and Guichang Zhang. "The multi-objective optimization of the damaged aircraft trailer based on a dynamic model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 11 (October 23, 2017): 1481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017730439.

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A damaged aircraft trailer is an essential piece of airport emergency rescue equipment which is made up of frames and multiple suspensions. As a load–force transferring mechanism, the suspension bears heavy loads which can cause fatigue damage. Therefore, reducing the maximum stress of the suspension is necessary to improve the vehicle performance. Besides, lightweight design should be considered to reduce energy consumption. Thus, lighter suspension which can bear more pressure is the optimization objective of this research. A multi-objective optimization method was carried out to analyze the suspension arm of a damaged aircraft trailer. Firstly, to investigate the dynamic characteristics and the reliability of the damaged aircraft trailer, a detailed three combined damaged aircraft trailers model was built. Based on the flexible-rigid coupled method, dynamic simulation of the damaged aircraft trailer was conducted in MSC.ADAMS. Then a suspension model was established, and the stress under different loads was measured to verify the accuracy of the finite element suspension arm model by experiments. Based on the design of experiment method, the effect of suspension arm parameters were obtained to build the approximate models. Besides, the influences of some effect parameters on optimal objectives were analyzed based on the surface response method. During the optimization process, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was adopted to optimize the mass and stress of the suspension arm. The results show that the mass of the suspension arm is reduced from 146.81 kg to 126.69 kg, which is a reduction of 14%. The maximum von Mises stress is changed from 325 MPa to 297 MPa, which is a decrease of 8.6%. This optimal method can be extended to the overall vehicle, which has an important significance in the whole damaged aircraft trailer characteristics improvement design.

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Kozeruk, A. S., Y. L. Malpica, M. I. Filonova, V. I. Shamkalovich, and R. O. Dias Gonzalez. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF OPERATIONAL ZONE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT USED FOR DOUBLE-SIDED PROCESSING OF LENSES." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-204-210.

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A mathematical modeling of geometric and kinematic relations has been made in respect of an operational zone for one of the standard machine tool sections which is used for simultaneous double-sided abrasive processing of highly-accurate lenses with a small rigidity (with a thin centre) under free lapping conditions. An analytical expression has been obtained for calculation of a sliding velocity in an arbitrarily selected point either on a surface to be processed or on a processing surface. As the proposed technology for simultaneous double-sided processing presupposes oscillatory motion of only processing tools then in order to eliminate a joint opening (a local contact fault between lapping surfaces of a tool and a work-piece) length of a drive piece must be not less than a specified value. In this case a convex tool is rigidly connected with a drive piece and it makes a reversing rotary motion (an oscillatory motion) around a centre of the processed spherical surface and a hinged joint of the centre with an output element of the technological equipment actuation mechanism is realized by transition of the drive piece ball end with a spherical seat in the output unit. In order to reveal analytical dependence of tool drive piece length on radius value of the processed spherical lens surface and friction coefficient in the contact zone of the tool and a work-piece the paper has considered a flow pattern of force while processing concave surfaces of lenses having small radius of curvature in case when the tool is positioned at the top. The friction coefficient included in the obtained expression has been determined for grinding while using suspensions of М40, М28, М10 micro-powders in a cast-iron grinding instrument and polishing while using polyrhythm suspension in a pitch and urethane-foam polisher. A method of the inclined plane has been used in this case and following the method a work-piece of optical glass has been initially lapped to the tool with the help of the appropriate abrasive suspension and the required angle has been determined at the moment when the work-piece started its sliding movement along the tool surface.

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Luo, Zhuo, Cheng Yong Wang, and Rong Juan Wang. "Research of Micro-Abrasive Suspension Jet Erosion Morphology and Material Removal Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.79.

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This paper introduces the micro-abrasive suspension jet polishing technology in precision machining technology. In order to understand the micro-abrasive suspension jet erosion morphology and material removal mechanism, the erosion experiments of micro-abrasive suspension jet on 40CrMnMo7 special steel work-piece were taken. We found that when the incident angles are 90°, 60°, 30°, the polishing area is respectively annular shape, horseshoe shape and blade shape. During the erosion process, as the incident angle becomes smaller, most amounts of abrasive particles impact angles will also be small, and these cause more material removal. When the particles impact the work-piece with small angles, most particles play shearing action on the work-piece and leave the work-piece nanoscale scratches; while the particles impact the work-piece at large angles, extrusion and blow are formed by the majority of the particles on the work-piece, leaving different small size pits.

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9

Château, Joris, Élisabeth Guazzelli, and Henri Lhuissier. "Pinch-off of a viscous suspension thread." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 852 (August 3, 2018): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.530.

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The pinch-off of a capillary thread is studied at large Ohnesorge number for non-Brownian, neutrally buoyant, mono-disperse, rigid, spherical particles suspended in a Newtonian liquid with viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}$ and surface tension $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$. Reproducible pinch-off dynamics is obtained by letting a drop coalesce with a bath. The bridge shape and time evolution of the neck diameter, $h_{\mathit{min}}$, are studied for varied particle size $d$, volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and liquid contact angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$. Two successive regimes are identified: (i) a first effective-viscous-fluid regime which only depends upon $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and (ii) a subsequent discrete regime, depending both on $d$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, in which the thinning localises at the neck and accelerates continuously. In the first regime, the suspension behaves as an effective viscous fluid and the dynamics is solely characterised by the effective viscosity of the suspension, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{e}\sim -\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}/{\dot{h}}_{\mathit{min}}$, which agrees closely with the steady shear viscosity measured in a conventional rheometer and diverges as $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})^{-2}$ at the same critical particle volume fraction, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}$. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}\gtrsim 35\,\%$, the thinning rate is found to increase by a factor of order one when the flow becomes purely extensional, suggesting non-Newtonian effects. The discrete regime is observed from a transition neck diameter, $h_{\mathit{min}}\equiv h^{\ast }\sim d\,(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{c}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})^{-1/3}$, down to $h_{\mathit{min}}\approx d$, where the thinning rate recovers the value obtained for the pure interstitial fluid, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{0}$, and lasts $t^{\ast }\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{e}h^{\ast }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$.

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10

Skrzecz, Iwona, Elżbieta Popowska-Nowak, Robert Wolski, Alicja Sowińska, Tomasz Jabłoński, Elżbieta Pezowicz, Dorota Tumialis, and Iwona Przewłoka. "The role of fungus Beauveria bassiana in reducing the number of Pissodes castaneus (Col., Curculionidae) in young forests." Folia Forestalia Polonica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0024.

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Abstract Small banded pine weevil Pissodes castaneus is one of the most dangerous pests of Pinus sylvestris plantations and thickets. The lack of effective and environmentally safe methods of limiting the number of the pest justified to undertake the studies aimed at the laboratory and field evaluation of biological activity of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana used to reduce the numbers of small banded pine weevil. In laboratory, the beetles were reared on the sections of fresh Scots pine twigs that were treated with five suspensions containing from 1 × 104 to 1 × 108 conidia of B. bassiana in 1 ml. During the 3-week rearing, insect mortality was determined and median lethal concentration LC50 was calculated. The field treatments consisted of spraying 4-year-old P. sylvestris trees with two formulations of fungus containing 1 × 108 conidia ml−1 of suspension. Treatments consisted of spraying 4-year-old P. sylvestris trees with two fungus formulations containing 1 × 108 conidia ml−1. High insecticidal activity of B. bassiana was found because the pathogen caused the death of 14-94% of P. castaneus beetles, LC50 = 6.51 × 105 conidia ml−1. Field treatments did not result in the reduction of plant damage caused by small banded pine weevil; therefore, the spraying of trees with B. bassiana cannot be recommended to protect the young stands of P. sylvestris against pest.

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11

Mathues, Wouter, Claire McIlroy, Oliver G. Harlen, and Christian Clasen. "Capillary breakup of suspensions near pinch-off." Physics of Fluids 27, no. 9 (September 2015): 093301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4930011.

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12

Nekhaev, Viktor, Viktor Nikolaev, and Evgenii Cheltygmashev. "Methodology for studying impulse disturbance from rail joints to the railway vehicle and assessment of the efficiency of the new spring suspension." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901032.

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The methodology for studying the impulse disturbance of the railway track joints on the indicators of the dynamic qualities of the railway vehicle has been developed. The dependence of the impulse repetition factor on the energy dissipation level in the system and the speed of the vehicle is obtained. A comparative assessment of the dynamic qualities of a freight car with a typical scheme of spring suspension and a car with suspension based on the principle of compensation of external disturbances is performed. It has been established that the spring suspension of a freight car based on the principle of compensation of external disturbances delivers to it significantly better indicators of dynamic qualities in comparison with car equipped with a new three-piece truck with a typical scheme of springs. Vertical acceleration of the car’s body with a new scheme of vibration protection and dynamic forces in spring suspension is several times less than for a car with a typical three-piece truck structure.

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13

Oteo-Maldonado, Jose A., and Patricia Merino-Carretero. "Metacarpophalangeal Arthrodesis with Resection-suspension Arthroplasty in First Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis." Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano 48, no. 01 (May 2020): 027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712092.

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AbstractFirst carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMC-1) may develop first metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension (MCP-1). We enrolled patients with CMC-1 osteoarthritis and MCP-1 hyperextension ≥40 degrees treated with resection-suspension arthroplasty and MCP-1 intramedullary arthrodesis with XMCP™ system. Minimum follow-up was five years. We evaluated: thumbinterphalangeal (IP) range ofmotion, key pinch, hand grip, Kapandji, VAS and Quick DASH. Wilcoxon test was uses for statistical analysis.Nineteen patients were reviewed. We found improvement in key pinch, hand grip, VAS and Quick DASH; statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in all of them except key pinch. IF thumb range of motion and Kapandji decreased.TMC arthrodesis with XMCP™ system associated with resection-suspension arthroplasty, as a treatment for CMC-1 osteoarthritis and MCP-1 hyperextension ≥40 degrees, achieves good functional results in the medium term.

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Popp, Michael P., Mark S. Lesney, and John M. Davis. "Defense responses elicited in pine cell suspension cultures." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 47, no. 3 (October 1997): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02318973.

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15

Peng, Chunxue, Fang Gao, Hao Wang, Iraida Nikolaevna Tretyakova, Alexander Mikhaylovich Nosov, Hailong Shen, and Ling Yang. "Suspension Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis of Korean Pine." Phyton 91, no. 1 (2022): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2022.015523.

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Zhan, Jian Ming, Zhi Qiang Cao, Ming Ming Wu, and Jian Bo Zhang. "Compliant Control at Micro-Displacement in Hydrodynamic Suspension Ultra-Smooth Machining." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.33.

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Hard-brittle materials can be polished by hydrodynamic suspension, which is based on the theory of sound eradiating. Owing to the high-speed rotating of the polishing tool, the polishing slurry would form dynamic pressure in the clearance between the work-piece and the tool. The dynamic pressure supplies abrasive particles the energy needed to impact on the work-piece surface, so the dynamic pressure will directly affect the machining effect. In order to obtain the steady and consistent machining quality, it’s necessary to implement the compliant control in the machining process, and adjust the dynamic pressure when needed. This paper utilizes piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement actuating to investigate the technique that can achieve the control of micro-displacement between the polishing tool and the work-piece. It provides an effective mean for hydrodynamic slurry pressure in the hydrodynamic suspension ultra-smooth machining.

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Huisman, F. M., S. R. Friedman, and P. Taborek. "Pinch-off dynamics in foams, emulsions and suspensions." Soft Matter 8, no. 25 (2012): 6767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm25240f.

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18

Huang, Yingbo, Jing Na, Xing Wu, Guan-Bin Gao, and Yu Guo. "Robust adaptive control for vehicle active suspension systems with uncertain dynamics." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 1237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216678312.

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This paper proposes a new robust adaptive law for adaptive control of vehicle active suspensions with unknown dynamics (e.g. non-linear springs and piece-wise dampers), where precise estimation of essential vehicle parameters (e.g. mass of vehicle body, mass moment of inertia for the pitch motions) may be achieved. This adaptive law is designed by introducing a novel leakage term with the parameter estimation error, such that exponential convergence of both the tracking error and parameter estimation error may be proved simultaneously. Appropriate comparisons with several traditional adaptive laws (e.g. gradient and σ-modification method) concerning the convergence and robustness are presented. The mitigation of the vertical and pitch displacements can be achieved with the proposed control to improve the ride comfort. The suspension space limitation and the tyre road holding are also studied. A dynamic simulator consisting of commercial vehicle simulation software Carsim® and Matlab® is built to validate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme and to illustrate the improved estimation performance with the new adaptive law.

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Thiévenaz, Virgile, Sreeram Rajesh, and Alban Sauret. "Droplet detachment and pinch-off of bidisperse particulate suspensions." Soft Matter 17, no. 25 (2021): 6202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00593f.

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Solid particles dispersed in a liquid phase modifies the pinch-off of droplets. Compared to monodisperse particles, a bimodal distribution reduces the viscosity for a given volume fraction and makes the detachment process faster.

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Wang, B., and S. N. Jeffers. "Effects of Cultural Practices and Temperature on Fusarium Root and Crown Rot of Container-Grown Hostas." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (March 2002): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.225.

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Fusarium root and crown rot of hosta plants grown in containers is caused primarily by Fusarium hostae. In an effort to develop an integrated strategy for managing this disease at nurseries, the effects of wounding, container mix content, watering schedule, and temperature on disease development were investigated. Plants were not wounded or were wounded by severing the roots, severing the roots and making incisions in the crown, or severing the roots and removing a small piece of the crown. Plants were inoculated by dipping roots and crowns into a suspension of conidia from one of two isolates of F. hostae. In addition, some plants were inoculated by wounding crowns with a scalpel dipped in a conidium suspension. Disease development was examined on plants grown at different temperatures (18, 25, or 32°C), grown in different container mixes (100% Canadian sphagnum peat, 100% aged and processed pine bark, or a mixture of 50% peat and 50% bark), and watered on different schedules (which kept the container mix wet, moist, or dry). Significant levels of disease occurred only on plants that were wounded when inoculated. Fusarium root and crown rot was more severe when both the roots and crowns were wounded than when only the roots were wounded. Disease symptoms developed when crowns of plants were wounded with a scalpel infested with conidia, suggesting that contaminated tools used for vegetative propagation may transfer F. hostae. Disease development also was affected significantly by container mix content, watering schedule, and temperature. In separate experiments, disease was most severe on plants grown in 100% aged pine bark, in dry container mix, or at 18 to 25°C. Disease development was significantly less when plants were grown in 100% peat, in wet container mix, or at 32°C. These results suggest that altering or manipulating cultural practices used to produce hostas in containers at nurseries can reduce the impact from Fusarium root and crown rot.

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Moricca, Salvatore, Alessandro Ragazzi, Keith Richard Mitchelson, and Gemma Assante. "Antagonism of the Two-Needle Pine Stem Rust Fungi Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini by Cladosporium tenuissimum In Vitro and In Planta." Phytopathology® 91, no. 5 (May 2001): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.5.457.

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Selected isolates of Cladosporium tenuissimum were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro aeciospore germination of the two-needle pine stem rusts Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini and to suppress disease development in planta. The antagonistic fungus displayed a number of disease-suppressive mechanisms. Aeciospore germination on water agar slides was reduced at 12, 18, and 24 h when a conidial suspension (1.5 × 107 conidia per ml) of the Cladosporium tenuissimum isolates was added. When the aeciospores were incubated in same-strength conidial suspensions for 1, 11, 21, and 31 days, viability was reduced at 20 and 4°C. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that rust spores were directly parasitized by Cladosporium tenuissimum and that the antagonist had evolved several strategies to breach the spore wall and gain access to the underlying tissues. Penetration occurred with or without appressoria. The hyperparasite exerted a mechanical force to destroy the spore structures (spinules, cell wall) by direct contact, penetrated the aeciospores and subsequently proliferated within them. However, an enzymatic action could also be involved. This was shown by the dissolution of the host cell wall that comes in contact with the mycelium of the mycoparasite, by the lack of indentation in the host wall at the contact site, and by the minimal swelling at the infecting hyphal tip. Culture filtrates of the hyperparasite inhibited germination of rust propagules. A compound purified from the filtrates was characterized by chemical and spectroscopic analysis as cladosporol, a known β-1,3-glucan biosynthesis inhibitor. Conidia of Cladosporium tenuissimum reduced rust development on new infected pine seedlings over 2 years under greenhouse conditions. Because the fungus is an aggressive mycoparasite, produces fungicidal metabolites, and can survive and multiply in forest ecosystems without rusts, it seems a promising agent for the biological control of pine stem rusts in Europe.

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Ijaduola, Taiwo G. A. "A new suspension device for laryngeal endoscopy in developing countries." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 100, no. 6 (June 1986): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100099862.

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SummaryIn view of the various technical and electricity maintainance problems with endoscopes in any developing country, a new suspension device for laryngeal endoscopy with a straight-bladed anaesthetic laryngoscope has been described. The advantages of this system are its small size, cheap cost, lack of a chest piece and the use of a non-failing battery source. It also makes use of bipod stands already available in a tonsillectomy set. It can be used in the countryside, and in out-patient and mobile clinics.

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Lange, B. M., M. Trost, W. Heller, and H. Sandermann. "ELICITOR INDUCTION OF STILBENE METABOLISM IN SCOTS PINE CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 381 (December 1994): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.381.21.

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FIELD, J., and D. BUCHANAN. "To Suspend or not to Suspend: A Randomised Single Blind Trial of Simple Trapeziectomy Versus Trapeziectomy and Flexor Carpi Radialis Suspension." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 4 (August 2007): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2007.02.005.

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The thumb carpometacarpal joint is the second most common site of osteoarthritis in humans. There are numerous operations for the condition but, perhaps, the commonest is trapeziectomy, sometimes supplemented by a suspension procedure, most commonly using part of the flexor carpi radialis tendon. In order to determine whether there is an advantage to a suspension procedure, or not, 65 patients with Eaton and Glickel Grade III or IV arthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of their thumbs were randomised into either undergoing trapeziectomy alone (with no wiring) or a trapeziectomy with flexor carpi radialis suspension. Patient satisfaction from both operations was similar. There was increased range of movement in the trapeziectomy alone group, but there was no difference in grip or pinch strength. Measurement of the gap on X-ray left by the trapeziectomy was less when trapeziectomy alone was performed.

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Doole, S. H., and S. J. Hogan. "A piece wise linear suspension bridge model: nonlinear dynamics and orbit continuation." Dynamics and Stability of Systems 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681119608806215.

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Wang, Xiao Sun, Shi Jing Wu, Ji Cai Hu, and Ze Ming Peng. "The Vibration of Spur Gear Pair with Strong Nonlinear Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.501.

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In this paper, the pure rotational dynamic model of one stage gear pair system is developed and the nonlinear factors, such as strong nonlinear suspension, time-varying mesh stiffness, piece-wise backlash and internal error excitation, are included in our model. The relative mesh displacement is employed to convert the semi-define system with rigid displacement model into a define one. Such qualitative and quantitative methods as the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, Poincaré section, phase trajectory, power spectrum and time history curve are utilized in present research to illustrate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system. The sub-harmonic response, chaotic response and the route to chaos of the system are revealed based on one applicable numerical integration method.

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Teasdale, Robert D., Pamela A. Dawson, and Harold W. Woolhouse. "Mineral Nutrient Requirements of a Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Cell Suspension Culture." Plant Physiology 82, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.82.4.942.

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Hazrati Ashtiani, Iman. "Optimization of secondary suspension of three-piece bogie with bevelled friction wedge geometry." International Journal of Rail Transportation 5, no. 4 (June 9, 2017): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2017.1336652.

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Zhan, Jian Ming, Jian Hua Mao, and Qi Tong Liu. "Study on Experiments of Nano-Abrasive Polishing in Hydrodynamic Suspension Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.446.

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When nano-abrasives of high speed polish work-piece, they cut it and crush it and there are brittle fracture and surface distortion. For work-pieces of hard-brittle materials, there should be no surface distortion. Therefore, the efficiency of nano-abrasives polishing work-pieces of brittle materials should be much lower than that of metals. In this paper, work-pieces of Cr12MoV and glass K9 are polished by nano-abrasives driven by high speed hydrodynamic suspension fluid to study how it works. The experiments show that the efficiency of nano-abrasives polishing work-pieces of hard-brittle materials is much higher than that of metals.

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Deseigne, Julien, Cécile Cottin-Bizonne, Abraham D. Stroock, Lydéric Bocquet, and Christophe Ybert. "How a “pinch of salt” can tune chaotic mixing of colloidal suspensions." Soft Matter 10, no. 27 (2014): 4795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00455h.

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Rubio-Rubio, Mariano, Wouter Mathues, Alejandro Sevilla, and Christian Clasen. "One-dimensional modelling of the thinning of particulate suspensions near pinch-off." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 108 (November 2018): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.06.007.

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Tang, Wei, and Ronald J. Newton. "Glucocorticoid-inducible transgene expression in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) cell suspension cultures." Plant Science 166, no. 5 (May 2004): 1351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.01.017.

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Lesney, Mark S. "Polycation-like behaviour of chitosan on suspension-culture derived protoplasts of slash pine." Phytochemistry 29, no. 4 (January 1990): 1123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85415-c.

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34

Song, Xianliang, and Martin A. Hubbe. "Enhancement of paper dry strength by carboxymethylated β-d-glucan from oat as additive." Holzforschung 68, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0108.

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Abstract The hypothesis has been tested that a carboxymethyl hemicellulose improves more effectively the dry strength of papers than a native hemicellulose. To that end, β-d-glucan from oat was treated with an alkaline ethanolic solution of sodium chloroacetate for different times to obtain a range of carboxymethylated β-d-glucan (CM-glucan) samples. The derivatization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The physical properties of paper concerning burst and tensile strength as well as folding endurance were essentially improved if CM-glucan was added to unbleached kraft fiber suspension from pine before papermaking. The effects could be maximized by a proper selection of carboxymethylation time and the amount of CM-glucan added to the suspension. The effect was also beneficial in the case of recycled fibers.

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35

Dubey, Shival, Manish Prateek, and Mukesh Saxena. "Kinematic Modelling of Multi-Terrain Pine Needle Collecting Robot (PiNCoR) for the Hilly areas of Uttarakhand." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v4i3.pp196-201.

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<p>Uttarakhand – a northern state of India in the foothills of Himalayas has approximately 64.8% of forest. Pine (<em>Pinus roxburghii</em>) is an important tree species which is because of its numerous uses becomes more prominent in this hilly state. Pine Needle Collecting Robot (PiNCoR) is a machine designed to collect pine needles from the high altitude pine forest regions. The robot is capable to maneuver over rough terrains, can navigate through craters and can stock the collected pine needles. After analyzing the design constraints for navigation on the hilly terrains, a small rover was designed and the kinematics portion is discussed in this paper. With the use of a versatile rocker bogie suspension mechanism, this paper also presents the kinematic modelling of a wheeled mobile robot being the best for hilly areas with super stability and traction control being its assets. It analyzes the different inputs from the information provided by the on-board sensor system for maneuvering. The robot has five degrees of freedom (DoF) providing it the flexibility to work in x and z axes as along with the standard pitch, roll and yaw directions.</p>

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Togashi, Katsumi, Hiroko Maezono, Koji Matsunaga, and Satoshi Tamaki. "Inhibition response of Pinus densiflora clones to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus systemic dispersal and their resistance to pine wilt disease." Nematology 13, no. 6 (2011): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x535732.

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AbstractTo determine the relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal in Pinus densiflora, a suspension of 200 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was placed on the upper cut end of 5-cm-long, living or boiled branch sections of 17 clones of pine that had different resistance levels. Significantly more nematodes passed through boiled sections than living sections during 24 h. Living branches of the resistant P. densiflora clone group significantly suppressed the dispersal of B. xylophilus compared with those of the susceptible group, suggesting that the inhibition of nematode systemic dispersal was involved in the resistance mechanism of selected disease-resistant pine clones. However, there was no significant correlation between the resistance class and the mean number of nematodes passing through live branch sections within the resistant clone group. The reason for the lack of correlation is discussed in relation with the resistance mechanism.

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Jabeen, Kauser, Pushpa Bhawan Mal, Areeba Tharwani, Mariam Hashmi, and Joveria Farooqi. "Persistence of Candida auris on latex and nitrile gloves with transmission to sterile urinary catheters‡." Medical Mycology 58, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz033.

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Abstract Candida auris’ ability to persist on contaminated gloves and transmit to urinary catheters was evaluated. 105 and 103 cfu/ml suspensions of eight Candida species including C. auris were inoculated on latex and nitrile gloves fingertips and touched on agar surface at different time intervals. Urinary catheter piece, touched by latex glove carrying Candida spp. suspensions at various time intervals, was cultured by roll-plate method. C.auris persisted on latex gloves at both 105 and 103 cfu/ml up to 3 minutes and could be transmitted from both wet and dry contaminated gloves to catheters. Proper glove use with strict hand hygiene should be advocated in settings with ongoing C.auris transmission.

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Yamanobe, Taro. "Variation in the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in aliquots of stock suspensions artificially inoculated on to subject pines." Nematology 7, no. 4 (2005): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105774384778.

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AbstractThe procedures used to estimate the number of pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in stock suspensions and the variation in the number of nematodes in inocula applied to subject pine trees were examined. The findings suggest that preparing dilutions using 1 ml aliquots and making two replicate dilutions and three replicate counts of each dilution (or three dilutions and two counts) results in a precision of ±15% and an elapsed time for the majority of the population estimate procedures of less than 900 seconds. Under these conditions, the variation in the number of nematodes in the inocula was estimated to range from 55 to 156% of the intended population. This variation in the number of pine wood nematodes inoculated is unavoidable; thus, researchers should account for this variation when interpreting data from trials involving the artificial inoculation of pines.

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Finer, John J., Howard B. Kriebel, and Michael R. Becwar. "Initiation of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)." Plant Cell Reports 8, no. 4 (1989): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00778532.

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Simmonds, Helena C., Neil C. Reynolds, and Kenneth N. Kendall. "The Hybrid Compression Moulding of Structural Composite Materials for Automotive Applications." Key Engineering Materials 843 (May 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.843.3.

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The Innovate-UK-funded Composite Lightweight Automotive Suspension System (CLASS) project, led by Ford Motor Company and partnered by Gestamp UK, GRM Consulting and WMG, investigated the use of carbon fibre reinforced composite materials to decrease the weight of a complex automotive rear suspension component in support of reduction in vehicle emissions. A multi-material design comprising discontinuous fibre composite (C-SMC), aligned fibre composite laminate (prepreg) and steel was developed. A high volume hybrid compression moulding manufacturing process was developed at WMG, achieving total press cycle times of around 5 minutes. Prototype parts were manufactured and evaluated using materials characterisation techniques to validate the manufacturing methods. The optimum C-SMC charge pattern was investigated to achieve complete fill with minimal pre-processing. Destructive and nondestructive analysis of the hybrid parts was performed to understand resultant hybrid material macrostructure. This innovative design and manufacturing process resulted in a component 35% lighter than the original multi-piece steel design.

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Blodgett, J. T., and G. R. Stanosz. "Sphaeropsis sapinea Morphotypes Differ in Aggressiveness, but Both Infect Nonwounded Red or Jack Pines." Plant Disease 81, no. 2 (February 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.143.

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Two morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea, designated A and B, are recognized in the north central United States. Nonwounded seedlings of red (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) were inoculated with conidial suspensions of isolates of each morphotype obtained from hosts in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Wounded seedlings were inoculated with water agar plugs colonized by these isolates. Both morphotypes penetrated both hosts without wounding. On nonwounded seedlings the frequency of symptoms was 97% for A isolates and 18% for B isolates on red pine and 42% for A isolates and 6% for B isolates on jack pine. On average, isolates of the A morphotype also were more aggressive than B isolates on wounded seedlings of both pine species (A isolates causing needle necrosis 7.0 cm from the inoculation sites and B isolates 1.4 cm). Based on symptom severity (distance from the inoculation site at which necrotic needles were observed), A isolates could be distinguished from all B isolates on red pine, but not on jack pine. These observations indicate the potential importance of distinguishing between S. sapinea morphotypes encountered in nurseries, plantations, and natural stands.

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Pandey, M., and B. Bhattacharya. "Effect of bolster suspension parameters of three-piece freight bogie on the lateral frame force." International Journal of Rail Transportation 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2019.1593059.

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43

Berghuvud, Ansel, and Annika Stensson. "Consequences of Nonlinear Characteristics of a Secondary Suspension in a Three-Piece Freight Car Bogie." Vehicle System Dynamics 36, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/vesd.36.1.37.3565.

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Henriksen, Ida Marie, Marianne Skaar, and Aksel Tjora. "The Constitutive Practices of Public Smartphone Use." Societies 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10040078.

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The smartphone has become the most ubiquitous piece of personal technology, giving it significant social importance and sociological relevance. In this article, we explore how the smartphone interacts with and impacts social interaction in the setting of the urban café. Through analyzing 52 spontaneous in-depth interviews related to social interaction in cafés, we identify three categories of smartphone use in social settings: interaction suspension, deliberately shielding interaction, and accessing shareables. These categories comprise the constitutive smartphone practices that define the social order of public smartphone use within an interactionist sociological framework.

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VADSTRUP, L. S., L. SCHOU, and M. E. H. BOECKSTYNS. "Basal Joint Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Treated with Weilby Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study on the Early Postoperative Course of 106 Consecutive Cases." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 34, no. 4 (July 8, 2009): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409105084.

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One hundred and six consecutive cases of osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint, treated by tendon interposition arthroplasty as described by Weilby, were followed prospectively, with assessment of pain, mobility, pinch and grip strength at 6, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. Patient satisfaction was reviewed at 26 and 52 weeks. Preoperative visual analogue scores for pain averaged 65 and decreased postoperatively to an average of 12 at 52 weeks. The main decrease in pain occurred during the first 3 months after operation. Mobility was improved or unaltered in 82%. Average grip and pinch strength reached preoperative values (41 kPa and 20 kPa respectively) between 12 and 26 weeks after surgery and were significantly greater (58 kPa and 34 kPa) at 52 weeks. Recovery after suspension arthroplasty takes 3–6 months, which may be a disadvantage to be considered when advising patients who are considering operative treatment.

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Fan, Qin Man, and Qin Man Fan. "The Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Leaf Spring of few Piece Variable Cross-Section." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.231.

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Being the ability of global optimization, MOPSO algorithm have some virtue such as high calculate velocity, good solution quality, great robustness, and so on. In allusion to a leaf spring of few piece variable cross-section, its multi-objective optimization mathematical model was built regarding minimum mass and minimum stiffness deviation as sub-objective functions. Taking the leaf spring of front suspension of a light truck as an example, the Pareto optimal solution set of optimization problem was obtained by using MOPSO algorithm. The optimization results show that the mass of the leaf spring reduced by 24.2% and the stiffness deviation is only 0.32% after optimization by using MOPSO algorithm.

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47

Young, S. Y., and W. C. Yearian. "APPLICATION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF NEODIPRION TAEDAE LINEARIS ROSS ON PINE: PERSISTENCE AND EFFECT OF TIMING ON LARVAL MORTALITY1,2,3." Journal of Entomological Science 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-21.3.193.

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The persistence of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the loblolly pine sawfly, Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross, on loblolly pine, Pinus taedae L., and the larval mortality in sawfly colonies sprayed from the ground during the egg stage were determined. When sawfly colonies and surrounding foliage on pine were sprayed with NPV one week prior to egg hatch, larval mortality was lower than in colonies treated as first-instar and was similar to mortality in colonies treated as third-instar. Percent larval mortality was not increased by the addition of 3.0% Shade® + 0.1% Trition CS-7 to the NPV suspension sprayed. Application of NPV at monthly intervals prior to egg hatch to either sawfly egg colonies and surrounding foliage or only to the foliage surrounding colonies resulted in loss of much of the NPV activity during the first month. Application of NPV at the highest rate (107 PIB/ml) to the eggs and surrounding foliage was the only treatment to significantly increase mortality over the untreated check at one and two months prior to egg hatch (P = 0.05).

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48

Kaushal, Shiwani, and Arushdeep Sidana. "Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Gentiana kurroo Royle." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.5.6.

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Gentiana kurroo Royle, native to North- Western Himalayas, is one of the critically endangered perennial herbs, which is being overexploited due to its multiple medicinal uses. The goal of this work was to develop a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration through cell suspension culture. Selected ranges of plant growth regulators were experimented for somatic embryogenesis. Light micrographs of the established suspension cell cultures of somatic embryos at different developmental stages were also observed under light microscope. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the leaf explants and the maximum induction frequency (97.2%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of NAA, BAP and TDZ. Cell suspension cultures were established in MS liquid medium containing IAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l) with 89-93% viable cells. Transfer of cotyledonary somatic embryos to the MS agar medium containing 2, 4-D (0.4 mg/l) and KN (1.5 mg/l) resulted in somatic embryogenesis at high frequencies (80%) with an average of 28 ± 0.2 embryos/ callus piece. After transfer onto the half strength MS medium without growth regulators approximately 80-90% somatic embryos developed into complete plantlets. The protocol described here could be used for somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, isolation of protoplasts and large-scale propagation of G. kurroo.

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Sumrall, Colin D., James Sprinkle, and Thomas E. Guensburg. "Comparison of flattened Blastozoan echinoderms: Insights from the new Early Ordovician Eocrinoid Haimacystis rozhnovi." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 5 (September 2001): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000039895.

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A new, flattened, eocrinoid-grade, blastozoan echinoderm Haimacystis rozhnovi new genus and species is described from the uppermost Lower Ordovician Wah Wah Limestone of western Utah. Although apparently most similar in morphology to the rhipidocystids, Haimacystis differs in its plane of thecal flattening, lack of one-piece marginals, and ambulacral system development. A comparison of overall morphology and plane of thecal flattening is presented for flattened blastozoans. Haimacystis was a streamlined suspension feeder attached to the sea floor by a holdfast at the end of a relatively short stem and bent over in the water column in moderate currents.

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Carmichael, Stephen W. "Print Your Own Organs!" Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053177.

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Would you believe it might be possible to build organs using an ink-jet printer? In a remarkable pair of articles, Thomas Boland and his collaborators describe a modified printer that promises to be abie to do exactly that.The first article of this pair describes the software and hardware to arrange cells in two dimensions, just as a printer arranges droplets of ink on a fiat piece of paper. The software that normally controls the position of a drop of ink is modified to position a drop containing one or two cells in suspension onto a substrate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pince de suspension'

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