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1
Kucherov, S. E., and P. V. Velmovskiy. "Old‐age pine trees: Unique objects of the Buzuluksky forest." South of Russia: ecology, development 20, no. 1 (2025): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2025-1-1.
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Tree‐rings contain information about variability of climatic factors and about various negative events (abnormal weather events, fires, defoliation caused by leaf‐eating insects, etc.).Due to the fact that information about climatic conditions and negative events, as a rule, covers short time intervals, the study of tree‐rings makes it possible to obtain data on both the climate and the dates of negative phenomena and also the degree of their impact on ecosystems over long time intervals.Old‐age trees are of particular value, since they allow obtaining information about variability of environmental conditions and negative events over hundreds of years. During our research in the Buzuluk Pine Forest in the national park of the same name, special attention was paid to identifying old Scots Pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.).The difficulty in studying the old tree growth dynamics was that in many of the trees the wood in the central part of the trunks had either decayed with the formation of hollows or contained areas of rot, which resulted in the inability to take samples that contained all tree rings, starting from the periphery to the center of the trunk. To estimate the age of such trees, we developed a technique by which the missing number of tree rings from the first tree ring in the samples, positioned at a calculated distance (zero radius) from the center of the trunk, was estimated by the number of tree rings formed before reaching the same radius in closely located old trees with healthy centre wood.The purpose of this work was to estimate the age of the unique Velikansha Pine Tree. The age estimation carried out according to our technique showed that the age of Velikansha Pine Tree as of 2023 was about 320 years.
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Timofeeva, Galina, Kerstin Treydte, Harald Bugmann, et al. "How does varying water supply affect oxygen isotope variations in needles and tree rings of Scots pine?" Tree Physiology 40, no. 10 (2020): 1366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa082.
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Abstract In many regions, drought is suspected to be a cause of Scots pine decline and mortality, but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Because of their relationship to ecohydrological processes, δ18O values in tree rings are potentially useful for deciphering long-term physiological responses and tree adaptation to increasing drought. We therefore analyzed both needle- and stem-level isotope fractionations in mature trees exposed to varying water supply. In a first experiment, we investigated seasonal δ18O variations in soil and needle water of Scots pine in a dry inner Alpine valley in Switzerland, comparing drought-stressed trees with trees that were irrigated for more than 10 years. In a second experiment, we analyzed twentieth-century δ18O variations in tree rings of the same forest, including a group of trees that had recently died. We observed less 18O enrichment in needle water of drought-stressed compared with irrigated trees. We applied different isotope fractionation models to explain these results, including the Péclet and the two-pool correction, which considers the ratio of unenriched xylem water in the needles to total needle water. Based on anatomical measurements, we found this ratio to be unchanged in drought-stressed needles, although they were shorter. The observed lower 18O enrichment in needles of stressed trees was therefore likely caused by increased effective path length for water movement within the leaf lamina. In the tree-ring study, we observed lower δ18O values in tree rings of dead trees compared with survivors during several decades prior to their death. These lower values in declining trees are consistent with the lower needle water 18O enrichment observed for drought-stressed compared with irrigated trees, suggesting that this needle-level signal is reflected in the tree rings, although changes in rooting depth could also play a role. Our study demonstrates that long-term effects of drought are reflected in the tree-ring δ18O values, which helps to provide a better understanding of past tree physiological changes of Scots pine.
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Leavitt, Steven W., та Christopher H. Baisan. "Variability of Seasonal δ13C Patterns in Apache Pine from Southern Arizona, USA". Journal of Palaeosciences 50, № (1-3) (2001): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1815.
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Seasonal δ13 C changes observed in tree rings offer the potential of reconstructing environmental conditions at finer than annual resolution. In the American Southwest, an opportunity to better expose environmental influences on tree-ring δ13 C at seasonal scales is fortuitously afforded by the presence of a time marker within rings. The strong winter-summer bimodal precipitation distribution is conducive to formation of a false-latewood band in the middle of the growing season, approximately June, after which normal growth usually resumes to the end of the growing season. The variability in seasonal δ13 C patterns in the 1991-1993 growth rings of two Apache pine (Pinus engelmannii) containing these false rings was investigated by descriptive comparison (1) between radii in a tree, (2) between different vertical heights in the trunks of both trees, and (3) between trees. The patterns of seasonal δ13 C change in tree-ring cellulose were broadly similar between radii, but with differences in amplitude and differences in absolute values of up to nearly 2‰. Between trees, the isotopic patterns were quite similar: concave downward for 1991 and 1993, and continuously increasing in 1992. There were differences of ca. 0.5‰ among patterns at different heights within a tree, but there was no common gradient in the isotopic change with height. Comparison of the seasonal patterns with environmental variations suggests they are more tightly linked to moisture conditions than to temperature or changes in atmospheric δ13 C.
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Galibina, Natalia A., Sergey A. Moshnikov, Kseniya M. Nikerova, et al. "Changes in the intensity of heartwood formation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) ontogenesis." IAWA Journal 43, no. 3 (2022): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10082.
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Summary An essential stage in woody plant ontogeny (heartwood (HW) formation) determines tree resistance to weather conditions, wood quality (moisture, colour, resistance to biodegradation), and regulates the proportion of functionally active sapwood (SW) in the total trunk biomass. In this study, the patterns of HW formation depending on tree age and cambial age within the same tree were studied in the North-West of Russia in Scots pine in a lingonberry pine forest. It is shown that HW either repeats the trunk profile or shows a maximum proportion on average at the height of 1.5 m. Models using the square root transformation and logarithm transformation have been proposed to predict the number of annual rings in HW depending on the cambial age. Multiple regression is proposed to predict the radial width in HW. Validation of the developed models on random trees gave a good result. HW formation begins at the age of 17–18 years and continues at the rate of 0.3 rings per year for 20–30-year-old trees, 0.4–0.5 rings per year for 70–80-year-old trees, and about 0.7 rings per year for 180-year-old trees. The lifespan of xylem parenchyma cells ranged from 10–15 years in 20-year-old trees to 70 years in 180-year-old trees. At the age of the previous felling (70–80 years) the HW area in the trunk biomass is about 20%, and in 180-year-old pine forests, it increases to 50%. These data can be used to assess the role of old-growth forests in carbon sequestration.
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Volney, W. J. A., and K. I. Mallett. "Light rings and the age of jack pine trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 12 (1992): 2011–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-264.
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In a routine determination of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) tree ages, several rings were overlooked or were difficult to count. Sections of the wood, when examined at higher magnification, revealed an unusually high proportion of "light rings." Light rings are characterized by having a small number of latewood cells whose walls are not as thick as those of latewood cells found in normal rings. Under low magnification, bands of these light rings may be interpreted as a single annual ring. Light rings may thus be a source of error in determining tree ages for forest productivity studies, particularly in older stands that have been affected by defoliators and root disease.
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Jelonek, Tomasz, Joanna Kopaczyk, Mathias Neumann, et al. "How Wood Quality Can Be Shaped: Results of 70 Years of Experience." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122103.
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This experiment was conducted in the pine woods of central Europe at a research area established in 1951. The experimental area of 1.35 ha was set up in a 14-year-old pine tree stand, which was divided into lots, and the pruning procedure took place in different variants. Some lots constituted control lots without pruned trees. The trees were pruned in four variants, reducing the living tree crown by 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of its length. The study’s main aim was to determine the influence of pruning forest trees on the tree tissue. Moreover, the study attempted to answer whether pruning was a significant procedure for wood valorisation, and if yes, then which variant was the optimal one for Scots pine growing on the European plain. The results indicated a significant impact of pruning young pine tree stands on the properties of wood tissue, which differed regarding the adopted pruning variant. Significant differences in the width of annual rings, the size of the particular areas of the annual rings (latewood or earlywood), and the wood density depending on the pruning variant were observed. Furthermore, the results indicated that pruning induced numerous processes, which optimised the physiological and mechanical functions of the tree trunks. The outcome of this optimisation was, among others, the diversification of the vascular and strengthening area of the annual ring as well as the wood density, which was a reaction to reducing a part of the assimilation apparatus. From the technical wood value viewpoint, the optimal pruning variant for pine was between 1/3 to 1/2 of the living crown.
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Khokh, Anna. "Analysis of anomalies in the structure and size of annual rings in mossy and ledum pine forests." Forestry Engineering Journal 13, no. 4 (2024): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/24.
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The paper presents new experimental data and reveals the regular variability of the formation of density fluctuations, frost and fallen annual rings in mossy (Pinetum pleurozium) and ledum (Pinetum ledosum) pine forests. The main statistical characteristics of generalized tree-ring chronologies are analyzed, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the average, maximum and minimum width of annual rings depending on the type of forest are established. It has been experimentally established that in ledum pine forests the number of anomalies is 3.34 times greater than in mossy pine forests. There were 229 density fluctuations in mossy pine, 530 in ledum, frost damage – 28 and 159, fallen tree rings – 10 and 202, in compliance. The most unfavorable years, which were reflected in the radial growth of mossy pine forests, were 1979 and 1980; the maximum number of detected anomalies (91,4%) occurred in 1907, 1928, 1958, 1971, 1985, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1999, 2010 and 2017. The most unfavorable years, which were reflected in the radial growth of ledum pine forests, were 1906 and 1940 ; the maximum number of detected anomalies (89.7%) occurred in 1928, 1937, 1944, 1946, 1963, 1965, 1974, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1991, 2000 and 2016. There are no coincidences of the formation of anomalies and minima of growth in mossy and ledum pine forests, as far as the degree of responses to changes in external conditions in these types of forests is different. The conducted studies have shown that the structure of annual rings of common pine can be considered as a reflection of the features of seasonal growth of trees, while the formation of anomalies of the structure is largely determined by soil-hydrological conditions of growth.
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Sensuła, Barbara, and Sławomir Wilczyński. "Climatic signals in tree-ring width and stable isotopes composition of Pinus sylvestris L. Growing in the industrialized area nearby Kędzierzyn-Koźle." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (2017): 240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0070.
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Abstract The main aims of these studies were dendrochronological and mass spectrometric analysis of the impact of climate on tree rings width and stable isotopes composition in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The conifers were growing in the vicinity of chemical and nitrogen factories in Kędzierzyn-Koźle (Poland) in the period of time from 1920s to 2012 AD. The combined usage of tree ring width and isotopic composition data provides historic records of the environment changes. These data allows identifying the behavior adaptation of pine growing under pollution stress to climate changes. The incremental rhythm of the studied pine populations was not identical, probably due to their different sensitivities to some climatic factors. This study evidences that the isotopic records in tree-rings α-cellulose may be sensitive bio-indicators of the way that the components of air and water may be changed by the trees in response to the climate changes and anthropogenic effects. The water use efficiency may be strongly correlated with variability of the surface temperature that may be due to increase of CO2 emission.
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Chernyshov, Mikhail, and Maria Mikhailova. "Response of Scots pine ecotypes in geographical crops to climate change." BIO Web of Conferences 145 (2024): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414502003.
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The current sanitary condition of trees and stands of forest-steppe and steppe ecotypes of Scots pine is considered in relation to responses to climate change. Based on wood cores taken from 96 model trees in 62-year-old seed progenies of pine of different geographical origin on 32 sample plots, trends in the change in the width of annual rings and their structure by calendar years are established, and the magnitude and nature of responses of tree growth of different pine ecotypes to climate change are shown.
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Génova, Mar, Carlos Santana, and Begoña Martínez. "Short communication: Many missing rings in old Canary pines can be related with age, fires and traditional uses." Forest Systems 26, no. 2 (2017): eSC02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017262-10253.
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Aim and area of study: In the present paper we estimated the age of four monumental Pinus canariensis of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) by means of tree-ring analysis. Many tree-ring series have been accurately studied and many missing rings have been determined.Material and methods: The trees were dead and the samples analysed were big disks. We measured numerous radii and crossdated the individual tree-ring series, paying particular attention to the existence and location of missing rings. We have distinguished between missing outer rings (MORs) and missing inner rings (MIRs) and analysed the possible causes of both.Main results: We determined an average of 8.8% total missing rings (MRs) for these long-lived trees, with a maximum of 96 MRs in a series of over 500. We have tried to establish a tree-ring chronology on Gran Canaria Island, also having the tree-ring series from Inagua site, but the long individual tree-ring series analysed do not crossdate between them. Research highlights: We consider the Canary pine a species hard to conducting dendroecological studies, especially if the samples come from managed old trees, in which a large amount of known and potentially unknown missing rings can hampered dating. Even knowing the difficulties involved in dendrochronological analyses of P. canariensis, we can confirm that it is a long-lived species, which can grow to over 500 years, and some of whose growth changes could be associated with certain historical and ecological events.
11
Fabisiak, Ewa, and Beata Fabisiak. "Relationship of tracheid length, annual ring width, and wood density in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees from different social classes of tree position in the stand." BioResources 16, no. 4 (2021): 7492–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.7492-7508.
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This study investigated the relationship between the length of the tracheids, the width of annual rings, and the wood density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) obtained from the dominant, intermediate, and suppressed classes of a 60-year-old stand. Measurement of tracheid length was performed on the material macerated from the following annual rings: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and thence every 5 annual rings. Basic density was determined on samples that included five annual rings from the core to bark. Tree position in the stand had a significant impact on the examined properties of wood. In a given biosocial class, tracheid length decreased as the width of annual rings increased. As the biosocial position of a tree in the stand improved, the length of the tracheids increased, and wood density decreased. In wood of the same density range, the increment in tracheid length was the greatest in wood of dominant trees and the lowest in wood of suppressed trees.
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Molski, B. A. "The significance of compression wood in restoration of the leader in Pinus sihestris L. damaged by moose (Alces alces). II. Structure of growth rings in regenerating stems in relation to juvenile wood formation." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 40, no. 2 (2015): 315–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1971.020.
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The corewood of pine ds very prone to compression wood formation, this changing the whole pattern of the tree ring structure and the siz.es of early and late wood. Compression wood always increases the formation of late wood at the expense of early wood. Tree rings with compression wood are generally wider than those without it, but there occur also tree rings wihout compression wood wider than those in which it is present, formed in the same year and in the same tree.
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Yanosky, Thomas M., and Charles J. Robinove. "Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 12 (1986): 2896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-382.
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A microcomputer coupled to a video digitizer was used to develop methods for measuring areas of tree rings and for delineating and measuring microscopic anatomical features. Digitally imaged areas of individual rings of a loblolly pine cross section were within 2.6% of areas measured with a planimeter and were more accurate than areas calculated from radius widths. Various anatomical features were "mapped" within digitized images of consecutive rings, individual rings, and highly magnified parts of the rings of green ash. Fibers within various ring zones, including those known to have formed when trees were flooded, were readily differentiated on the basis of image brightness. The image-determined ratio of lumen to wall material within different groups of fibers was considered a measure of structural comparability. These techniques thus provide a rapid, accurate method to study relationships between tree rings and factors affecting their development. Methods could be improved by increasing both spatial and brightness resolution.
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Wimmer, Rupert, Giorgio Strumia, and Franz Holawe. "Use of false rings in Austrian pine to reconstruct early growing season precipitation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 11 (2000): 1691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-095.
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As a consequence of dry conditions, coniferous trees may produce radially smaller diameter tracheids within their tree rings before regular latewood formation starts. The resulting structures, which are commonly called false rings, have demonstrated utility as an environmental indicator. However, the climatic patterns behind false rings and their potential use in climate reconstruction models have been barely explored. The study is based on 313 Austrian pines (Pinus nigra Arn.) sampled at 29 sites in the Viennese basin, an area with low annual rainfall, extended dry periods during the growing season and usually severely cold winters. False rings relate significantly to May precipitation, and in years with higher false-ring proportions, a relationships with the combination of wet April, dry May, and wet June is often seen. In linear regressions, the presence-absence of false rings was used as a "dummy" variable and, together with earlywood width, explained 31% of variation in May precipitation. Years with high false-ring proportions were found when May precipitation was less than half its long-term average. False-ring trends during the past 100 years were closely associated with changing May rainfall pattern. Overall, false rings are shown to be a useful tree-ring feature and may be applied successfully in dendroclimatic studies, i.e., in the reconstruction of very low rainfall months in early growing seasons during pre-instrumental periods.
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Mäkinen, Harri, Tuula Jyske, and Pekka Saranpää. "Variation of tracheid length within annual rings of Scots pine and Norway spruce." Holzforschung 62, no. 1 (2008): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2008.018.
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Abstract Variation of tracheid length was studied within individual annual rings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from the pith to the bark. The material consisted of six Scots pine and six Norway spruce trees growing on sites of both low and high fertility. Microtome sections of 0.25 mm thick were cut from annual rings 7, 20 and 50 counted from the pith outwards, i.e., juvenile, transition and mature wood, respectively. After maceration, tracheid lengths were separately measured in each sample. In juvenile wood of Scots pine, tracheids were on average 17% longer in the latewood than in earlywood. However, in juvenile wood, the first formed earlywood tracheids were slightly longer than those in the middle of the earlywood zone. In the transition and mature wood of Scots pine, the increase in tracheid length was more gradual from earlywood to latewood, and no significant differences were found between earlywood and latewood. In Norway spruce, tracheids were 2–4% longer in the latewood than in earlywood. In general, tracheid length is highly variable within annual rings and the variation can differ from ring-to-ring even within the same tree.
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Gindl, Wolfgang. "CELL-WALL LIGNIN CONTENT RELATED TO TRACHEID DIMENSIONS IN DROUGHT-SENSITIVE AUSTRIAN PINE (PINUS NIGRA)." IAWA Journal 22, no. 2 (2001): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000272.
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The intra-annual distribution of cell-wall lignin concentration was determined in Austrian pine tree rings and compared with tracheid diameter, lumen width, cell wall thickness and proportion of cell wall area. Lignin concentration was highly correlated with all tracheid dimensions, but only the proportion of cell wall area exhibited a direct statistically significant relationship. Since cell dimensions in Austrian pine are subjected to the indirect and direct influences of the water status of trees, the negative correlation between cellular lignin content and the proportion of cell wall area is attributed to an indirect effect of water stress on lignification in pine tracheids.
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LeBreton, Gregory TO, and F. William H. Beamish. "Interannual growth variation in fish and tree rings." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 11 (2000): 2345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-207.
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Interannual growth variations were compared among neighbouring populations of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and white spruce (Picea glauca), white pine (Pinus strobus), and red pine (Pinus resinosa). Measures of growth were obtained by removing long-term trends from widths of rings in the hard tissues of both aquatic and terrestrial organisms and assembling these measures into growth chronologies. Interannual growth variations were negatively correlated (r) between sturgeon and nearby tree population chronologies for those fish populations that displayed strong interseries correlation (mean r). The three sturgeon population chronologies developed from individuals that displayed the lowest interseries correlation coefficients failed to display significant correlation with tree growth. The results of this investigation indicate that the negative relationships between fish and tree growth may be related to annual fluctuations in air temperature. In general, fish population chronologies displayed positive correlation with measures of air temperature during the current season of growth, while tree population chronologies displayed negative correlation with air temperatures from either the current or the previous season of growth.
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Becker, Bernd. "An 11,000-Year German Oak and Pine Dendrochronology for Radiocarbon Calibration." Radiocarbon 35, no. 1 (1993): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200013898.
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Sequences of dendrodated tree rings provide ideal sources for radiocarbon calibration. The wood structure of trees consists of continuous series of annual growth layers, the carbon content of which can be 14C-dated and calibrated to calendar yr. The cellulose and lignin of trees deposited in river gravels or peat-bog sediments below the water table are often very well preserved, even after several millennia. Such tree-trunk deposits are well protected from contamination by younger or older organic materials. Further, the physical and chemical structure of wood allows a strong chemical pretreatment of samples for 14C analysis.
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Babushkina, Elena A., Gleb A. Sitnikov, Keshav K. Upadhyay, et al. "Seasonal Growth of Pine Tree Rings: Comparison of Direct Observations and Simulation." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121978.
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Repetitive observations (direct measurements) of seasonal kinetics of xylogenesis and simulations (proxy data) with tree growth models are the two main approaches available to assess tree-ring growth and development. Both have drawbacks: short cover period for observations; limited accuracy of simulations depending on input data for models. We proposed an implementation of both approaches on the same trees to find ways for compensation. Cell numbers at subsequent xylogenesis stages were observed for Pinus sylvestris L. over five seasons in moisture-deficient habitats of Southern Siberia. The Vaganov–Shashkin model was parameterized for species and soil-landscape conditions to fit local tree-ring width chronologies (R = 0.56–0.73). Seasonal kinetics variables were then compared among themselves and with the simulated environmentally driven growth rate. The number of cells in the cambial and cell enlargement zone closely followed the curve of the 15-day moving average of the simulated growth rate (R = 0.56–0.87 at one site and R = 0.78–0.89 after shifting rate curve forward by 17–20 days at another site). The maximum number of cambium cells, which occurred within three weeks of the summer solstice, was found to be positively related with the number of tracheids in the complete tree ring (R2 = 0.12–0.75 for individual seasons and 0.49 for total dataset), making it a promising short-term forecast variable for tree radial growth and productivity.
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Rivet, Amélie, Serge Payette, Dominique Berteaux, and François Girard. "Pines and porcupines: a tree-ring analysis of browsing and dynamics of an overmature pine forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 2 (2017): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0214.
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Past feeding activities of the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum L.) in an overmature forest were reconstructed using tree-ring dated feeding scars on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees in Parc national du Bic (Quebec). Following a long fire-free period, most pines that regenerated after the 1847 fire are currently senescent, moribund, or dead, and the youngest trees are nearly 100 years old. Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), the most abundant species in the regeneration layer, is predicted to replace jack pine given the absence of recent fire and present fire protection practices in the park. According to the age structure of feeding scars, porcupine activity has been particularly high during the 1980s, which is coincident with the creation of the park. Porcupine activity was lower before this decade and in the late 20th century and absent in this century (2000–2015). The recent decrease in the number of feeding scars is consistent with the decline of the porcupine population, as shown by censuses of active dens and inventories of individuals. Observed tree death is linked with tree senescence rather than excessive feeding. In the absence of fire, it is probable that the shift from the overmature pine stand to a balsam fir stand will profoundly affect porcupine activity. This research shows how the study of tree rings can unravel some of the ecological relationships structuring a forest ecosystem through fire, succession, and animal browsing.
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Cassell, Brooke A., and Ernesto Alvarado. "Reconstruction of fire history in Mexican tropical pines using tree rings." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 05 (2012): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-105.
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A dendropyrochronological study was conducted in pine-dominated forest in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve located in the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range in Mexico. Tropical pines present several difficulties for tree-ring research including missing, false and diffuse rings. This paper discusses the methods that were used to analyze tree rings in order to reconstruct fire history based on the dating of fire scars sampled from tropical pines.
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Pompa-García, Marín, and J. Julio Camarero. "Reconstructing Evaporation From Pine Tree Rings In Northern Mexico." Tree-Ring Research 71, no. 2 (2015): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-71.2.95.
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Leavitt, S. W., and A. Long. "Altitudinal differences in ?13c of bristlecone pine tree rings." Naturwissenschaften 79, no. 4 (1992): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01134437.
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Liu, Na, Zhitao Wu, Ziqiang Du, Tianjie Lei, and Bin Sun. "Relationship between the Radial Growth of Two Dominant Coniferous Species and GPP in the Arid Region of Northwest China." Forests 14, no. 7 (2023): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071336.
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Radial growth of trees is closely related to canopy activity. Revealing the relationship between radial growth and canopy activity is of great significance for forest protection under climate change. In this study, we built tree-ring chronologies for two tree species, spruce (Picea aspruceerata) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis), from the Helan Mountains in the arid region of northwest China. Correlation coefficients were then calculated to reveal the relationships among tree rings, two kinds of gross primary productivity (GPP) indices, and climate data. The results demonstrated that the radial growth of both spruce and Chinese pine was positively correlated with GPP from late February to early March, and moisture conditions may be the driving factor of tree growth. However, radial growth of Chinese pine was also correlated with GPP from the end of March to the end of August. This study aimed to further supplement the relationship between trunk radial growth and canopy dynamics in the arid zone of northwest China and to provide theoretical guidance for vegetation restoration and forest conservation in the arid zone of northwest China under climate change.
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Sensuła, Barbara, Sławomir Wilczyński, Laurence Monin, Mohammed Allan, Anna Pazdur, and Nathalie Fagel. "Variations of tree ring width and chemical composition of wood of pine growing in the area nearby chemical factories." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (2017): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0064.
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Abstract This study reports the variation of tree-ring widths and annual variation of concentration of metals (Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in pine growing nearby chemical factories. The conifers (Pinus silvestris L.) investigated in this study covered the time span from 1920s to 2010 AD. Tree-ring widths were measured, dated and rechecked using the COFECHA. Radial trace-element profiles were determined by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The combined usage of tree ring width and chemical composition of wood provides historic records of anthropogenic impact on the environment and allows identifying the behavior adaptation of trees to the pollution. Data of pine tree cores collected from the sites nearby chemical factories show increasing levels of pollution linked to the increasing of industrial activities in Poland and subsequent dust fallout around the site. This study evidences that tree rings can be used as archives of past environmental contamination.
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Yang, K. C., G. Hazenberg, G. E. Bradfield, and J. R. Maze. "Vertical variation of sapwood thickness in Pinusbanksiana Lamb. and Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-133.
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Variation of sapwood thickness, in terms of a linear measurement (sapwood width) and a growth ring count (sapwood ring), in relation to age, height, aspect, and radial growth rate was studied in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and tamarack (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch). In general, jack pine has more sapwood rings and a greater sapwood width than tamarack. In jack pine, the number of sapwood rings steadily declined with increasing height, but in tamarack, the number of sapwood rings at first increased and then declined with increasing height. Sapwood width tended to show a species-specific constant thickness along the trunk, but both species exhibited a slight increase at the base and at the crown. The number of sapwood rings shows strong correlation with age, height, and sapwood radial growth rate, but not with sapwood width. In both species, the south aspect of the tree has wider sapwood and fewer sapwood rings than the north aspect. There is no statistical relationship between sapwood width and the number of sapwood rings.
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Gavrikov, Vladimir L., Alexey I. Fertikov, and Evgenii A. Vaganov. "Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37.
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Distribution of chemical elements in tree rings bears important information on various biogeochemical processes. In order to achieve a reliable interpretation of the information, it is necessary to know the degree of variation in the content of chemical elements both at the level of the entire species and at the level of individual trees. The research aims to determine which chemical elements have a stable distribution in the trunks of a number of conifers: Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). The data for the analysis were obtained on the basis of the long-term experiment in forest growing. The experimental site was laid out in 1971–1972 in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk by the staff of the Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Before planting the seedlings, the soil ground was mechanically levelled, and thus, sufficiently equal growth conditions were created for all plantings. Cores with a diameter of 12 mm were sampled from three normally developing trees of each species and analyzed using modern X-ray fluorescence methods. Content relative values of elements (counts) were obtained with the Itrax Multiscanner (COX Analytical Systems). The content of elements in the tree rings was characterized by the concentration and reserve of elements. Concentration was calculated as the number of counts per 1 mm2 of the ring area; reserve was calculated as the number of counts over the entire ring area. Each of these variables was defined by the parameters of linear slope in the calendar year series and the standard deviation. The cluster analysis was performed in the 4-dimensional space of the obtained parameters. This allowed determining whether the series of element distributions from different trees and species are grouped. Three elements (Ca, Co, and P) show high stability of distribution parameters in tree rings with no regard to tree species. A number of other elements (Mn, Pb, Cl, Cr, Ni, Sr, and W) are stably grouped depending on the species. The results of the research enable to focus on the study of the elements stably distributed in the conifer trunks. For citation: Gavrikov V.L., Fertikov A.I., Sharafutdinov R.A., Vaganov E.A. Variability in Elemental Composition of Conifer Tree Rings. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 24–37. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-24-37
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Park, Won-Kyu, and Kwang-Hee Lee. "TREE-RING DATING OF COFFIN WOODS FROM NAEHEUNG-DONG IN GUNSAN, SOUTH KOREA." IAWA Journal 30, no. 4 (2009): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000232.
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The purpose of this study was to date, using tree rings, wooden coffins which were excavated from graves located in Naeheung-dong, Gunsan city, in the western coastal area of South Korea. The species of wood used for the coffins was identified to belong to the diploxylon group of the genus Pinus, most likely Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), one of the major conifers growing in Korea. From thirteen graves, six were successfully dated by a master chronology of Japanese red pine for Korea. Due to the absence of bark rings or the cambial surface (waney edge), the number of sapwood rings had to be estimated to obtain the likely cutting dates. The cutting dates of six coffins were estimated to be from A.D. 1643 ±10 to 1660 ±10. These tree-ring dates were at least 100 years younger than expected for this type of graves by archeologists.
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Novak, Klemen, Miguel Angel Saz Sánchez, Katarina Čufar, Josep Raventós, and Martin de Luis. "Age, climate and intra-annual density fluctuations in Pinus halepensis in Spain." IAWA Journal 34, no. 4 (2013): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000037.
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Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) in tree rings of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) are considered to be among the most promising wood anatomical features in dendrochronological studies. They provide environmental information in addition to those obtained from tree-ring widths. We used a network of 35 sites in Spain, ranging from nearly desert to temperate climate. We analysed tree-ring series of 529 trees to study IADF frequencies, and their dependence on climatic factors and cambial age. The results showed that IADF frequency is age dependent, with its maximum at the cambial age of 27 years (evaluated at breast height). The frequencies varied across the network and at different sites we recorded that 0.3% to 33% of the analysed tree rings contained IADFs. They were more frequent where and when the temperatures were higher, summer drought was intense and autumn was the main precipitation season. IADF formation was particularly related to high minimum temperatures and wet conditions in late summer and autumn. These results suggest that IADF formation is not related to stressful conditions during summer but to favourable conditions during autumn. These conditions promote cambial reactivation and consequently formation of wider tree rings.
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Yamada, Y., M. Itoh, N. Kiriyama, K. Komura, and K. Ueno. "Measurement of tritium in tree rings: Relationship between tritium concentrations in pine tree rings and environmental samples." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 132, no. 1 (1989): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02060976.
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Zhang, Xiaohong, A. N. Nikolaev, A. Arzac, A. I. Kolmogorov, M. S. Vasiliev, and L. A. Pestryakova. "Climate response in radial growth of Larix cajanderi and Pinus sylvestris in Central Yakutia." Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources 30, no. 1 (2025): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2025-30-1-85-96.
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Climate change, characterized by increased temperature fluctuations and alterations in precipitation and soil moisture conditions, can significantly impact ecosystems that experience both moisture deficits and excesses. Even small changes in precipitation and air temperature can significantly affect tree growth. This paper examines the statistical parameters of the width of annual rings and the results of dendroclimatic analysis of larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the zone of continuous permafrost. The forest areas where larch and pine samples were collected are located near the village of Magan and the urban-type settlement of Nizhny Bestyakh in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Woody plants are characterized by a longlife cycle, the annual rings of which are able to store information about their growth. This important resource allows obtaining valuable information about the climate and environmental changes in a given area. To understand how trees respond to climate change, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the width of tree rings and average monthly air temperature, annual precipitation, and the SPEI aridity index using data from the Yakutsk weather station. To identify the response of different tree species to climate change over the past 30 years, each year was considered as a separate period. We assume that air temperature, which tends to increase, is one of the limiting factors that affects precipitation and dry periods. Due to the lack of moisture in the form of rain, tree species experience difficulties. They mainly receive moisture from the active layer of permafrost, which accumulates autumn precipitation of the previous year. Overall, we observe a negative response to the increase in air temperature in the surface layer of the atmosphere. On one hand, this suggests a decline in the radial growth of larch and pine; on the other hand, tree species are adapting to the changing climatic conditions in the central region of Yakutia.
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Kaimei, Dai, Qian Youneng, and C. Y. Fan. "Bomb-Produced 14C in Tree Rings." Radiocarbon 34, no. 3 (1992): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200064043.
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The 14C content in 1961–1967 and 1970–1983 tree rings of a spruce grown in Dailing, China (47°N, 129°E) was measured by liquid scintillation. As a result of USSR bomb tests at Novaya Zemlya (72°N, 53°E), Δ14C values rose dramatically from 250‰ in 1961 to a maximum 909‰ in 1964, and then gradually decreased to 238‰ in 1983. We compared Δ14C values in the rings of an oak tree grown at 43°N, 74°W and that of a pine grown at 49°N, 9°E, and atmospheric Δ14C values in both northern and southern hemispheres. We observe that: 1) annual tree rings grown in the same latitude zone have the same Δ14C values, reflecting rapid longitudinal mixing of the atmosphere; 2) atmospheric 14C concentrations reached a global equilibrium distribution at the end of 1968, and tree ring 14C content reflects atmospheric 14C concentration; 3) 1976–1982 rings of the Dailing spruce show excessive 14C, likely due to the effect of 1976 and 1980 Chinese bomb tests; 4) Δ14C decreases exponentially, halving every 17 yr.
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Zhong, Shubing, Zhaopeng Wang, Dongyou Zhang, Taoran Luo, Xinrui Wang, and Tingxuan Mi. "Simulation of Radial Growth of Mongolian Pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) and Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii) Using the Vaganov–Shashkin Model in the Greater Khingan Range, Northeast China." Forests 15, no. 2 (2024): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020243.
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It is necessary to understand the radial growth responses of trees in the Greater Khingan Range to climatic factors to predict changes in forest ecosystems under climate change scenarios. We sampled Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) at four locations at elevations of 900–1100 m in the Greater Khingan Range to establish a tree-ring chronology. The Vaganov–Shashkin (VS) model was used to describe the relationship between tree radial growth and the dominant limiting climatic factors with a focus on physiological processes. The results showed that the VS model accurately reflected the effects of various climatic factors on the growth of Mongolian pine and Dahurian larch. The simulated and measured tree-ring widths index (RWI, the same as below) were consistent. The physiological parameters affecting tree growth differed for the two tree species in the study area. Mongolian pine required higher temperatures and less soil moisture for growth than Dahurian larch. The growth rings of the two tree species are more consistent across the elevation gradient. Higher-elevation trees had an “intensive strategy” with shorter growing periods and high growth rates, whereas low-elevation tree species had a “broad strategy” with lower maximum growth rates for longer periods. The start and cessation date of tree growth strongly affected the RWI of Mongolian pine and high-elevation Dahurian larch, but no significant effect on the RWI of low-elevation Dahurian larch. Differences in the limiting climatic factors were observed between Mongolian pine and Dahurian larch. Mongolian pine shows some similarity between high and low elevations, subject to the common limitations of temperature and soil moisture during the growing season for both, with a greater proportion of the lower elevations being limited by soil moisture. Dahurian larch was influenced by the growing season temperatures and May–August soil moisture at higher elevations and by the growing season soil moisture at lower elevations. This study provides a scientific basis for the management and conservation of forest ecosystems in the Greater Khingan Range.
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Bigler, Christof, and Thomas T. Veblen. "Changes in litter and dead wood loads following tree death beneath subalpine conifer species in northern Colorado." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 2 (2011): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-217.
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Litter and dead wood affect important processes in forest ecosystems such as nutrient and carbon cycling and are key influences on biodiversity and fire behavior. Increased tree mortality rates in western North America associated with climate trends and increased bark beetle activity highlight the need to better understand the dynamics of litter and dead wood following tree death. For eight old-growth stands in a subalpine forest landscape in northern Colorado (USA), we compared litter and dead wood loads beneath more than 200 dead and live Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). The dynamics of litter and dead wood were analyzed using chronosequences of tree death dates over >100 years that we determined from tree rings. Immediately following tree death, high loads of litter accumulated, particularly for the biggest spruces, which accumulated 10 times more litter than live spruces (five times more for fir, two times more for pine). We estimated a higher decay rate of litter for spruce (half-life of four years) than for pine (15 years) and fir (19 years). The accumulation rates for dead wood following tree death were highly variable among trees, but maximum accumulation was attained during the first 50–60 years.
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Garkusha, Y. N., O. A. Mitko, and I. Y. Slyusarenko. "Dendrochronological Analysis of Wood from Graves 2 and 9 of the Tashtyk Burial Ground Tesinskiy Zaliv-3 in the Bogradsky District of the Khakassia Republic." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 30 (2024): 448–55. https://doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2024.30.0448-0455.
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The article presents the data of dendrochronological analysis of archaeological wood from Tesinsky Zaliv-3 graves 2 and 9 of the Tashtyk culture. The study is based on the collection of 22 wood samples from various structural elements of burial log cabins. Two species of coniferous trees: Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) have been identified. The poor state of preservation of the wood caused significant difficulties: degradation of the surface and medial layers, numerous cracks, compression of tree-rings, and others. These features complicated the process of measuring the width of the rings and cross-dating the tree-ring series. The objective of the study: to construct a generalized tree-ring chronology (TRC) for the site and to identify the connection between the graves of Tesinsky Zaliv-3 and the burials of the Oglakhty burial ground in order to create a general dendroscale for the Tashtyk culture. New relative tree-ring chronologies have been created for the Tesinsky Zaliv-3: grave 2 – larch TRC, 87 years long; grave 9 – pine TRC, 148 years. Comparison of the new TRCs with the previous larch TRC generated for grave 1 showed a good correlation between graves 1 and 2. The pine TRC for grave 9 is cross-dated with the pine TRC of the Oglakhty burial ground and showed a high degree of statistical significance. The derived relative chronological scales of the tree-ring series of three Tesinsky Zaliv-3 graves well-correlated with the Oglakhty dendroscale represent the following ranges (beginning and end of the tree-ring series): grave 1 – 84–178 years, grave 2 – 89–176, grave 9 – 22–169. The results of the study show that the burials of Tesinsky Zaliv-3 were constructed approximately during the period of several decades contemporary with the studied graves of Oglakhty site. The experience of work with the wood in such a poor state of preservation shows undoubted prospects given the high value of archaeological wood as a source of information about the site.
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Mayfield, Albert E., Douglas C. Allen, and Russell D. Briggs. "Site and Stand Conditions Associated with Pine False Webworm Populations and Damage in Mature Eastern White Pine Plantations." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 3 (2007): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.3.168.
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Abstract The influence of site and stand conditions on pine false webworm (Acantholyda erythrocephala [L.], Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) population densities and host damage was evaluated in 22 eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stands in northern New York State. Mean pine false webworm density was positively related to stand size (ha) and inversely related to soil silt content (A-horizon) after holding stand size constant. Percent radial growth loss (during the first five years after defoliation began) was inversely related to soil carbon content (B-horizon) and inversely related to fine sand content (A-horizon) after holding B-horizon carbon constant. Severe radial growth suppression (missing or discontinuous growth rings) and white pine mortality were inversely related to live crown ratio. The frequency of trees with missing growth rings was inversely related to soil nitrogen (A-horizon) after holding live crown ratio constant. Stands located on sandy glacial lake shoreline/delta deposits had more coarsely textured soils with lower levels of organic matter and nitrogen and had slower height growth rates, lower tree diversity, greater relative dominance of white pine, and higher levels of pine false webworm defoliation than stands on adjacent landforms. These results may be useful to foresters managing eastern white pine stands in areas where similar site and stand conditions predominate and pine false webworm occurs.
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Barniak, Joanna, and Agnieszka Jureczko. "Impact of air pollution on forest stands in the vicinity of Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik, Poland." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 45, no. 4 (2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.4.283.
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Tree-ring analysis was used to investigate the impact of air pollution on forest stands in the southern part of the Upper Silesia region of southern Poland. Four about 120 years old Scots pine stands located near Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik were selected for study and 20 increment core samples from each stand were taken. All study stands were selected based upon their considerable exposure to air and dust pollution.The results of dendrochronological analysis showed strong and significant reductions in tree ring growth especially during the period from 1960 to 1990. A significant number of trees with reductions (85%) was observed in two Scots pine stands both of which are directly exposed to air pollution from mine-owned coking plant and power and heating plants. Since 1990s the improved growth of these pines was clearly noted. A comparison for the period 1970 to 1990 for stands located west from the main emitters’ versus stands east and directly exposed found fewer trees with growth reductions (ca. 40%). At the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of trees in these western stands were observed with growth reductions between 50 and 60%. Probably, these trees were affected by air pollution from a nearby power plant located immediately across the border in the Czech Republic. Relationships between periods of severe reductions in ring width growth or missing rings were noted in a large percentage of pine trees in all four stands; these cross-stand relationships suggested common weather-related impacts. Missing rings were noted in 1956, 1963, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1976 and 1979.
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Buzinny, Michael, Ilja Likhtarev, Ivan Los', Nikolay Talerko, and Nikolay Tsigankov. "14C Analysis of Annual Tree Rings from the Vicinity of the Chernobyl NPP." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018257.
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Samples of >40 pine trees were collected from around the Chernobyl NPP for radiocarbon measurement, to determine the spatial distribution of excessive 14C in tree rings from 1986 consequent upon accidental radiocarbon release. Tree samples were collected during 1995–1996 from sites situated at distances >2.5 km from the NPP and covering a variety of directions in relation to the NPP. To evaluate δ14C for 1986 annual rings, we compared 14C levels for separate 1985–1987 annual rings, taking into account the trend of operational releases. Early and late wood samples for 1986 annual tree rings were measured separately to increase the sensitivity and precision of measurements. The maximum value observed for excessive accidental radiocarbon levels (δ14C) was found to be 124 pMC (281.6 Bq kg-1 C). We present δ14C values for examined sites; their spatial distribution shows a high irregularity of atmospheric 14C depending on direction from the NPP. Using obtained data, we reconstruct the temporal behavior of 14C release during the Chernobyl accident with the aid of atmospheric transport modeling. The total amount of 14C released from 26 April to 5 May 1986 has been estimated as 44 TBq.
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Ziehmer, Malin M., Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger. "Preliminary evaluation of the potential of tree-ring cellulose content as a novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology." Biogeosciences 15, no. 4 (2018): 1047–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1047-2018.
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Abstract. Cellulose content (CC (%)) in tree rings is usually utilised as a tool to control the quality of the α-cellulose extraction from tree rings in the preparation of stable-isotope analysis in wooden tissues. Reported amounts of CC (%) are often limited to mean values per tree. For the first time, CC (%) series from two high-Alpine species, Larix decidua Mill. (European Larch, LADE) and Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine, PICE) are investigated in modern wood samples and Holocene wood remains from the Early and mid-Holocene. Modern CC (%) series reveal a species-specific low-frequency trend independent of their sampling site over the past 150 years. Climate–cellulose relationships illustrate the ability of CC (%) to record temperature in both species but for slightly different periods within the growing season. The Holocene CC (%) series illustrate diverging low-frequency trends in both species, independent of sampling site characteristics (latitude, longitude and elevation). Moreover, potential age trends are not apparent in the two coniferous species. The arithmetic mean of CC (%) series in the Early and mid-Holocene indicate low CC (%) succeeding cold events. In conclusion, CC (%) in tree rings show high potential to be established as novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology.
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Lyapina, Elena. "Ecological and geochemical features of mercury accumulation in coniferous wood in the Altai Region." Forestry Engineering Journal 13, no. 4 (2024): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/19.
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Determination of the level of mercury load on the territory of the Altai Region was carried out using the dendrogeochemistry method. The study area is located in the north-west of the Altai Region within the Kulunda Plain. The studied trees were represented by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and siberian larch (Larix sibirica L.). The average concentrations of mercury in the cores of all studied trees vary in a wide range: 2-493 ng/g. The maximum average contents are observed at the extreme sampling points: south and north - on the periphery of the sampling area. The research covers the time interval: 1952-2018. There is a period with a significant increase in the average mercury content in tree rings from 1957 to 1990, after which there was a sharp decrease in the concentration of the element. Numerous extremes are observed in the interval: 1978-1988. Calculations of geoecological parameters of mercury load in the study area showed an excess of mercury content in tree rings above background values, as well as the noosphere clarke, average for terrestrial plants and living matter. Almost all studied trees are characterized by a similar pattern of mercury accumulation in trees. A connection was revealed in the accumulation of mercury in wood cores of coniferous trees with the substrate, as well as pine needles. Mercury accumulated by pine needles affects the concentration of the element in the pine litter, and thereby the level of pollutant in the substrate. A high proportion of bioavailable forms of mercury in dark chestnut soils and southern chernozems. When accumulating an element, it is important to take into account the amount and duration of precipitation both during the year and during the growing season.
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Ageev, B. G., V. A. Sapozhnikova, A. N. Gruzdev, E. A. Golovatskaya, E. A. Dukarev, and D. A. Savchuk. "Comparison of residual gas characteristics in the tree rings of Scots pine trees." Optika atmosfery i okeana 32, no. 2 (2019): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/aoo20190203.
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Lange, T., M. Barbetti, and D. J. Donahue. "Radiocarbon Measurements of Tree Rings from 14 ka Huon Pine." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038315.
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We have measured the radiocarbon content of tree rings from a section of Huon pine retrieved from Tasmania. The sample was divided into 39 five-ring sub-samples covering a period of 194 years. Radiocarbon ages of each of these sub-samples was determined by making four measurements of each sub-sample at the Arizona AMS laboratory (Table 1). The resulting 1σ precisions are about 0.5%. A comparison of our data with the appropriate curve in INTCAL98 indicates that the calendar age of our sample is close to 14,000 cal BP. Using this age calibration, we have constructed a plot of Δ14C versus assumed calendar age. This plot shows an essentially constant value over the youngest 125 rings of our sample. Over the oldest 75 yr of the sample, the Δ14C curve exhibits three fluctuations, the largest of which is about 65‰. The time of the peaks in the Huon-pine 14C curve corresponds approximately with the European Bølling/Allerød climatic event. Work is in progress to extend the data 100 yr more toward older ages.
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Häsänen, Erkki, and Satu Huttunen. "Acid deposition and the element composition of pine tree rings." Chemosphere 18, no. 9-10 (1989): 1913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90474-8.
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Salzer, Matthew W., and Malcolm K. Hughes. "Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr." Quaternary Research 67, no. 1 (2007): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.004.
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AbstractMany years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice-core volcanic signals in 86% of cases. In previous millennia, while there is substantial concurrence, the agreement decreases with increasing antiquity. Many of the bristlecone pine ring-width minima occurred at the same time as ring-width minima in high latitude trees from northwestern Siberia and/or northern Finland over the past 4000–5000 yr, suggesting climatically-effective events of at least hemispheric scale. In contrast with the ice-core records, the agreement between widely separated tree-ring records does not decrease with increasing antiquity. These data suggest specific intervals when the climate system was or was not particularly sensitive enough to volcanic forcing to affect the trees, and they augment the ice core record in a number of ways: by providing confirmation from an alternative proxy record for volcanic signals, by suggesting alternative dates for eruptions, and by adding to the list of years when volcanic events of global significance were likely, including the mid-2nd-millennium BC eruption of Thera.
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Ha, Eugene, Ikhyun Kim, Heemun Chae, Sangsin Lee, Youngsang Ahn, and Byoungkoo Choi. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Mercury in Tree Rings and Soils Within Forests Surrounding Coal-Fired Power Plants." Atmosphere 15, no. 11 (2024): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111287.
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The release of mercury (Hg) from coal-fired power plants (CPPs) into local ecosystems poses substantial environmental and health hazards. This study was conducted in Chungcheong-nam-do, South Korea, a region featuring over half of the country’s coal power facilities, to estimate the impacts of CPPs on Hg distribution in forest ecosystems. By analyzing Hg concentrations in pine tree rings and soil at 21 locations around CPPs and comparing them to control sites and industrial zones, we present a nuanced understanding of the effects of CPPs on Hg concentration. The analysis of Hg concentrations in tree rings showed a significant decrease in Hg levels as the distance from the power plants increased, suggesting that CPPs primarily influence Hg distribution in trees within a 25 km radius. In contrast, soil Hg concentrations did not exhibit a clear trend. This may reflect the limitations of this study in accounting for the physicochemical properties of the soil at each sampling site. Nevertheless, the Potential Ecological Risk Index for soil Hg contamination indicated a higher risk rating within a 1 km radius of the CPPs compared to other locations. Hg concentrations in tree rings have shown a steady decline since the 1970s, suggesting the positive effects of air pollution regulations. This also highlights the value of tree core samples as effective tools for monitoring historical Hg pollution. Furthermore, the higher historical concentrations of Hg in tree rings imply that trees may have acted as sinks for atmospheric Hg in the past.
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Rakowski, Andrzej Z., Toshio Nakamura, Anna Pazdur, and John Meadows. "Radiocarbon Concentration in Annual Tree Rings from the Salamanca Region, Western Spain." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048451.
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Tree-ring samples were taken from a from a pine tree (Pinus pinea) growing in Villar de Peralonso, a rural area 50 km west of the city of Salamanca, Spain. All samples were processed to extract α-cellulose and the radiocarbon concentration in each annual ring was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the University of Nagoya, Japan. The data set covers a growth period between 1979 and 2006, and represents the concentrations of 14C in a “clean area.” The average difference between 14C concentrations in Villar de Peralonso and NH zone 1 for the period 1979–1999 is 4.1 ± 1.3%. A sample was taken to obtain the reference level of 14C for the Iberian Peninsula, for a study of anthropogenic emission of CO2 in urban areas. As part of the initial study, 14C concentration data in tree rings from the city of Valladolid were used to recalculate the fossil fuel component (cfoss) using reference data from Villar de Peralonso.
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Pazdur, Anna, Tadeusz Kuc, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Natalia Piotrowska, Barbara Sensuła, and Kazimierz Rozanski. "Carbon Isotope Composition of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Southern Poland: Imprint of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions in Regional Biosphere." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 848–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220005801x.
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Southern Poland is home to numerous large mining and energy industry facilities, which consume relatively great amounts of fossil fuels. Temporal and spatial distribution of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere were estimated on the basis of 13C and 14C isotope measurements in atmospheric CO2 and in α-cellulose from pine tree rings. The Suess effect was evaluated in the atmospheric CO2 from the High Tatra Mountains (Kasprowy Wierch) and the urban area (Kraków), as well as in tree rings from Niepołomice Forest near Kraków. Two different models were used to estimate the emission component recorded in tree ring δ13C on the background of climatic changes.
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Riofrío, José, Miren del Río, Douglas Maguire, and Felipe Bravo. "Species Mixing Effects on Height–Diameter and Basal Area Increment Models for Scots Pine and Maritime Pine." Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030249.
Full textAbstract:
Models that incorporate known species-mixing effects on tree growth are essential tools to properly design silvicultural guidelines for mixed-species stands. Here, we developed generalized height–diameter (h-d) and basal area growth models for mixed stands of two main forest species in Spain: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Mixed-effects models were fitted from plot measurement and tree rings data from 726 Scots pine and 693 Maritime pine trees from mixed and pure stands in the Northern Iberian Range in Spain, with the primary objective of representing interactions between the species where they are interspersed in mixtures of varying proportions. An independent dataset was used to test the performance of the h-d models against models previously fitted for monospecific stands of both species. Basal area increment models were evaluated using a 10-fold block cross-validation procedure. We found that species mixing had contrasting effects on the species in both models. In h-d models, the species-mixing proportion determined the effect of species interactions. Basal area growth models showed that interspecific competition was influential only for Maritime pine; however, these effects differed depending on the mode of competition. For Scots pine, tree growth was not restricted by interspecies competition. The combination of mixed-effect models and the inclusion of parameters expressing species-mixing enhanced estimates of tree height and basal area growth compared with the available models previously developed for pure stands. Although the species-mixing effects were successfully represented in the fitted models, additional model components for accurately simulating the stand dynamics of mixtures with Scots pine and Maritime pine and other species mixtures require similar model refinements. Upon the completion of analyses required for these model refinements, the degree of improvement in simulating growth in species mixtures, including the effects of different management options, can be evaluated.
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Dobbertin, Matthias, Beat Wermelinger, Christof Bigler, et al. "Linking Increasing Drought Stress to Scots Pine Mortality and Bark Beetle Infestations." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.58.
Full textAbstract:
In the dry Swiss Rhone Valley, Scots pine forests have experienced increased mortality in recent years. It has commonly been assumed that drought events and bark beetles fostered the decline, however, whether bark beetle outbreaks increased in recent years and whether they can be linked to drought stress or increasing temperature has never been studied.In our study, we correlated time series of drought indices from long-term climate stations, 11-year mortality trends from a long-term research plot, and mortality probabilities modeled from tree rings (as an indicator of tree vitality) with documented occurrences of various bark beetle species and a buprestid beetle, using regional Forest Service reports from 1902 to 2003 and advisory cases of the Swiss Forest Protection Service (SFPS) from 1984 to 2005. We compared the historical findings with measured beetle emergence from a 4-year tree felling and breeding chamber experiment.The documented beetle-related pine mortality cases increased dramatically in the 1990s, both in the forest reports and the advisory cases. The incidents of beetle-related pine mortality correlated positively with spring and summer temperature, and with the tree-ring-based mortality index, but not with the drought index. The number of advisory cases, on the other hand, correlated slightly with summer drought index and temperature, but very highly with tree-ringbased mortality index. The tree-ring-based mortality index and observed tree mortality increased in years following drought. This was confirmed by the beetle emergences from felled trees. Following dry summers, more than twice as many trees were colonized by beetles than following wet summers.We conclude that increased temperatures in the Swiss Rhone Valley have likely weakened Scots pines and favored phloeophagous beetle population growth. Beetles contributed to the increased pine mortality following summer drought. Among the factors not addressed in this study, changed forest use may have also contributed to increased beetle populations and Scots pine mortality, whereas air pollution seems to be of lesser importance.
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Zhirnova, Dina F., Liliana V. Belokopytova, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, Yulia A. Kholdaenko, Elena A. Babushkina, and Eugene A. Vaganov. "Spatial-Coherent Dynamics and Climatic Signals in the Radial Growth of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in Subalpine Stands along the Western Sayan Mountains." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121994.
Full textAbstract:
Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is one of the keystone conifers in Siberian taiga, but its radial growth is complacent and thus rarely investigated. We studied its growth in subalpine stands near the upper timberline along the Western Sayan Mountains, Southern Siberia, because climatic responses of trees growing on the boundaries of species distribution help us better understand their performance and prospects under climate change. We performed dendroclimatic analysis for six tree-ring width chronologies with significant between-site correlations at distances up to 270 km (r = 0.57–0.84, p < 0.05). We used ERA-20C (European Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century) daily climatic series to reveal weak but spatially coherent responses of tree growth to temperature and precipitation. Temperature stably stimulated growth during the period from the previous July–August to current August, except for an adverse effect in April. Precipitation suppressed growth during periods from the previous July–September to December (with reaction gradually strengthening) and from the current April to August (weakening), while the snowfall impact in January–March was neutral or positive. Weather extremes probably caused formation of wide tree rings in 1968 and 2002, but narrow rings in 1938, 1947, 1967, 1988, and 1997. A subtle increase in the climatic sensitivity of mature trees was observed for all significant seasonal climatic variables except for the temperature in the previous October–January. The current winter warming trend is supposedly advantageous for young pine trees based on their climatic response and observed elevational advance.