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Journal articles on the topic 'Pinus patula – Mechanical properties'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Kamala, Felix Dalitso, Hiroki Sakagami, and Junji Matsumura. "Mechanical Properties of Small Clear Wood Specimens of <i>Pinus patula</i> Planted in Malawi." Open Journal of Forestry 04, no. 01 (2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.41002.

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2

Wright, J. A., and F. S. Malan. "Variation in Wood and Tracheid Properties of Pinus Maximinoi, P. Pseudostrobus and P. Patula." IAWA Journal 12, no. 4 (1991): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000552.

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Wood density, latewood percentage, ring width and the cross sectional dimensions of tracheids (wall thickness, lumen area, radial and tangential lumen diameters) were evaluated from ten-year-old trees of Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore, P. pseudostrobus Lindley and P. patula Schiede ' Deppe grown in South Africa. The species were almost equal in terms of average volume per tree. The wood of P. patula differed from the other species in latewood percentage, tracheid wall thickness, lumen area, radial and tangential lumen diameters. Apart from ring widths, significant differences within species were found for all of the wood and tracheid properties studied. The wood of P. patula has a higher latewood percentage especially in the outer parts of the stem and smaller tracheids than the other two species. The wood densities of P. patula and P. maximinoi were similar. The tracheids of P. pseudostrobus had thinner cell walls than the other two species and wood density was also lower for this species possibly as a result of reduced volume of cell wall material. The differences between and within species for wood and tracheid properties suggest that end use products will vary according to the seed source used.

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3

Erasmus, Justin, and C. Brand Wessels. "The effect of stand density management on Pinus patula lumber properties." European Journal of Forest Research 139, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01253-8.

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4

Nel, André, Francois S. Malan, Ron Braunstein, C. Brand Wessels, and Arnulf Kanzler. "Sawn-timber and kraft pulp properties of Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii hybrids and their parental species." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 80, no. 2 (May 26, 2017): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2017.1298019.

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5

Wessels, C. B., F. S. Malan, T. Seifert, J. H. Louw, and T. Rypstra. "The prediction of the flexural lumber properties from standing South African-grown Pinus patula trees." European Journal of Forest Research 134, no. 1 (July 6, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0829-z.

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6

Malimbwi, R. E., A. Persson, S. Iddi, S. A. O. Chamshama, and S. T. Mwihomeke. "Effects of spacing on yield and some wood properties of Pinus patula at Rongai, northern Tanzania." Forest Ecology and Management 53, no. 1-4 (October 1992): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90048-e.

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7

Muller, Barry G., Josua H. Louw, and Francois S. Malan. "Variation in selected solid wood properties of young Pinus patula from diverse sites in the Mpumalanga escarpment area in South Africa." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 79, no. 4 (January 22, 2017): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2016.1255376.

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8

Kelley, S. S., T. G. Rials, L. R. Groom, and C. L. So. "Use of near infrared spectroscopy to predict the mechanical properties of six softwoods." Holzforschung 58, no. 3 (May 12, 2004): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.039.

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Abstract The visible and near infrared (NIR) (500–2400 nm) spectra and mechanical properties of almost 1000 small clearwood samples from six softwood species: Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine), Pinus palustris, Mill. (longleaf pine), Pinus elliottii Engelm. (slash pine), Pinus echinata Mill. (shortleaf pine), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws (ponderosa pine), and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) were measured. Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) modeling showed that the NIR spectra of these softwoods could be used to predict the mechanical properties of the clear-wood samples. The correlation coefficients for most of these models were greater than 0.80. All six softwood species were combined into one data set and a PLS model was constructed that effectively predicted the strength properties of any of the individual softwoods. Reducing the spectral range to between 650 and 1050 nm only causes a slight decrease in the quality of the models. Using this narrow spectral range enables the use of smaller, faster, lighter, less expensive spectrometers that could be used either in the field or for process control applications.

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9

Vieira, André Tarcizo de Oliveira, Alexandre Miguel do Nascimento, Azarias Machado de Andrade, and Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior. "PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BRIQUETTES PRODUCED FROM CHARCOAL FINES AND WASTE OF Pinus spp." FLORESTA 48, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v48i4.55028.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced with charcoal fines and waste of Pinus spp (sawdust and wood shavings). For the production, the charcoal fines of two particle sizes (less than and greater than 5 mm) were mixed with each type of wood waste of Pinus spp in the proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Then, the mixtures were compacted under the pressure of 55 kgf.cm-2 in a piston briquetter. As binder, 8% gelatinized maize starch was used. Tests were carried out on the briquettes in order to determine the apparent density, compressive strength, and friability index. Briquettes with the highest densities and compressive strengths were produced with the two lowest proportions of wood waste of Pinus spp (5 and 10%). The use of the charcoal fines combined with sawdust or wood shavings of Pinus spp is recommended for the production of briquettes with good physical and mechanical properties.

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10

ELAIEB, Mohamed Tahar Elaieb, Foued Shel, Sabri Elouellani, Tarik Janah, Mohamed Rahouti, Marie-France Thévenon, and Kévin Candelier. "PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND NATURAL DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM REFORESTATION PINUS HALEPENSIS MILL. IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 331 (July 21, 2017): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.331.a31323.

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Pinus halepensis Mill. was introduced into regions with a Mediterranean cli- mate as an ornamental tree, and is now often found in parks and gardens. At pre- sent, Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) forests cover approximately 2,500,000 ha in the Mediterranean Basin, mostly at low altitudes (less than 500 m) and along the coast. It has become naturalized outside cities in North Africa to the extent that it is now listed as an invasive species there. Because of its size (over 15 m in height and 30 cm in diameter), Pinus hale- pensis could be a good potential green resource for structural material in Tunisia. The focus of this study was to assess rot resistance and the physical and mecha- nical properties of reforestation Aleppo pine from the Mediterranean basin. The Pinus halepensis wood samples studied were collected from 6 tree provenances in Tunisia for physical and mechanical characterization and from Morocco for decay and termite resistance tests. Den- sities and shrinkage were determined and mechanical and rot resistance tests performed. Preliminary results showed that Tunisian Pinus halepensis wood has great dimensional stability. Although the compressive strength of Pinus halepen- sis wood is high, its bending strength is rather low for each of the provenances. MOR in bending is lower than in other Tunisian softwood species. Finally, Pinus halepensis sapwood has low resistance to fungi and termites. This timber species could be valuable for furniture and/or as a building material provided that a wood preservation method is applied before it is used.

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11

Jeong, Gi Young. "Relationship between Anatomical and Mechanical Properties of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)." Forest Products Journal 63, no. 1-2 (January 2013): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-13-00002.

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12

Özgüven, Faruk, and Kubilay Vursavuş. "Some physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of pine (Pinus pinea) nuts." Journal of Food Engineering 68, no. 2 (May 2005): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.05.031.

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13

Barnes, R. D., R. A. Plumptre, T. K. Quilter, A. R. Morris, J. Burley, and E. R. Palmer. "The Use of Stem Dissection to Sample Trees of Different Ages for Determining Pulping Properties of Tropical Pines." IAWA Journal 20, no. 1 (1999): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001545.

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A study was undertaken to determine the effects of rotation age and site altitude on the quality of unbleached kraft pulp made from Pinus elliottii and P. patula grown in the Usutu Forest, Swaziland. Stands well beyond the current rotation age of 18 years were selected at site altitudes of 850, 1200 and 1450 metres. From each tree felled, sample discs were removed to represent the tree as it was at 11, 18 and 25 years of age. This was done by counting back the appropriate number of growth rings for the required age at each sampling point up the stem and paring them off the disc. Wood density, alpha-cellulose, lignin and ethanol-benzene-soluble extractives were measured in the wood and tear and tensile indices on the pulp. The patterns of variation with age were as expected from previous work where whole trees were sampled for each age class except for the ethanol-benzene solubles which showed a decrease with age for the dissected tree. It is concluded that the technique reduces the logistical problems of sampling separate trees to represent different ages from different sites; it controls within-site genetic and environmental variation and it is suitable to determine variation of pulping properties with age and site.

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14

Cárcel, L. M., J. Bon, L. Acuña, I. Nevares, M. del Álamo, and R. Crespo. "Moisture dependence on mechanical properties of pine nuts from Pinus pinea L." Journal of Food Engineering 110, no. 2 (May 2012): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.018.

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15

Dahik, Marín, Arias, Crespo, Weber, and Palomeque. "Comparison of Natural Regeneration in Natural Grassland and Pine Plantations across an Elevational Gradient in the Páramo Ecosystem of Southern Ecuador." Forests 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090745.

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During the 1980s, reforestation programs using exotic species (Pinus spp.) were established in the páramo ecosystem of Ecuador. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare the natural regeneration between pine plantations (Pi) and natural grassland (NG) across an elevational gradient and (2) to identify the attributes of Pi and soil properties that were influencing herbaceous and woody plant composition and their plant cover. In total, six independent Pinus patula (Schltdl. & Cham. plantations (two per each elevation) were selected and distributed in an elevational range (3200–3400, 3400–3600, 3600–3800 m a.s.l.). Adjacent to Pi, plots in NG were established for recording natural regeneration. Both, namely the attributes and the soil samples, were measured in Pi. The results showed that natural regeneration differs significantly between both types of vegetation. As expected, NG holds more plant diversity than Pi; the elevational range showed a clear tendency that there was more herbaceous richness when elevation range increases, while the opposite was found for woody species. Moreover, attributes of Pi influenced herbaceous and woody vegetation, when saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in the soil, basal area (BA) and canopy density (CD) increased, herbaceous species richness and its cover decreseased; and when Ksat and the acidity in the soil increased, woody plants richness and its cover decreased. The plantations have facilitated the establishment of shade tolerant species. More studies are needed to evaluate if removal with adequate management of pine plantations can improve the restoration and conservation of the native vegetation of the páramo ecosystem.

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16

Missanjo, Edward, and Junji Matsumura. "Wood Density and Mechanical Properties of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi." Forests 7, no. 12 (July 7, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f7070135.

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17

Pensamiento-Niño, Christian A., Betsabé Hernández-Santos, Erasmo Herman-Lara, José M. Juárez-Barrientos, Cecilia E. Martínez-Sánchez, Emmanuel J. Ramírez-Rivera, and Jesús Rodríguez-Miranda. "Physical, mechanical, functional and chemical properties of Mexican pink pinion (Pinus pinea L.)." Journal of Food Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3536-9.

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18

Guo, Ming-hui, Guang-sheng Chen, Jin-man Wang, and Xi-ping Zhao. "Effects of silviculatural treatments on mechanical properties of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations." Journal of Forestry Research 17, no. 2 (June 2006): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-006-0037-x.

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19

Iwakiri, Setsuo, Rosilani Trianoski, Amanda Leite Da Silva, Angela Maria Stüpp, Bruna Mulinari Cabral, and Helena Cristina Vieira. "EVALUATIOM OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD PRODUCED FROM WOOD OF Cupressus torulosa IN MIXTURE WITH Pinus taeda." FLORESTA 50, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i3.61971.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of particleboard produced with 100% of wood of Cupressus torulosa and in different mixing proportions with Pinus taeda. The experimental panels were produced with wood particles of Cupressus torulosa/Pinus taeda, in proportions of 100/0%, 80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60%, 20/80% and 0/100%, totaling six treatments. The panels were produced with nominal density of 0.75g/cm³, 8% urea-formaldehyde resin and 1% paraffin emulsion. The quality of the panels was evaluated by water absorption and swelling thickness 2 and 24 hours, static bending (MOE and MOR), perpendicular tension (internal bonding) and screw withdrawal. The comparative evaluations of the results of this research, with the Pinus taeda, others species referenced in the literature, and normative requirements of EN 312-2003 for commercial panels, indicated great potential of the wood of Cupressus torulosa for the particleboard production.

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20

Fernandes, C., MJ Gaspar, J. Pires, A. Alves, R. Simões, JC Rodrigues, ME Silva, A. Carvalho, JE Brito, and JL Lousada. "Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of Pinus sylvestris wood at five sites in Portugal." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 10, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor2254-010.

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21

Hwang, Sung-Wook, and Won-Hee Lee. "The Mechanical Properties of Heat-Compressed Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) by Compression Set." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (July 25, 2011): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2011.39.4.311.

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22

Wang, Yukai, and Jianxin Zhao. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Russian Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv: Experimental and Numerical Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 218 (February 23, 2019): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/218/1/012029.

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23

Herrera-Builes, Jhon F., Víctor Sepúlveda-Villarroel, Jairo A. Osorio, Linette Salvo-Sepúlveda, and Rubén A. Ananías. "Effect of Thermal Modification Treatment on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pinus oocarpa Wood." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020249.

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This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending of samples. The evaluations were carried out following the Colombian Technical Standards NTC 290 and 663, and the color changes resulting from heat treatments were monitored using the CIE-Lab, as well as other standards from the literature. The results show that there was 2.4% and 3.3% mass loss of wood modified at 170 and 190 °C, respectively. The air-dry and basic densities were higher in 170 °C treatment than after 190 °C treatment, and the thermal modifications applied increased the dimensional stability of the treated wood. After treatment at 170 and 190 °C, the lightness to darkness (L*) was reduced by 10% and 22%; the a* coordinate increased by 11% and 26%, causing redness in the treated wood; the b* coordinate increased by 14% and 17%; and the values of the wood color saturation (c*) increased by 14% and 18%, respectively. The general color change (ΔE*) increased gradually with the increase in the treatment temperature, resulting in a high color change to a very different color. The bending strength of thermally modified wood was improved and significantly increased to values higher than those of unmodified Pinus oocarpa wood. The high air-dry and basic densities, improved dimensional stability and resistance to bending, and attractive appearance of the treated wood indicate that thermal modification is a promising alternative for the transformation of Pinus oocarpa wood into a raw material with a high added value.

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24

ELAIEB, Mohamed Tahar, Abdelhamid KHALDI, and Kévin CANDELIER. "IMPACTS OF LOCATION AND FORESTRY CONDITIONS ON SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NORTHERN TUNISIAN PINUS PINEA L. WOOD." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 324, no. 324 (March 17, 2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.324.a31267.

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Les pins Pinea sont utilisés depuis l’ère préhistorique pour leurs pignons de pin comestibles. Plus récemment, ces pins ont été introduits en tant qu’essence ornemen- tale dans les régions à climat méditerra- néen, où ils sont fréquents dans les parcs et jardins. Cependant, dans le Maghreb, ils se sont naturalisés au-delà des villes au point d’être classés comme essence inva- sive. De par ses dimensions (au moins 15- 20 m de hauteur et 30-40 cm de diamètre), Pinus pinea offre un potentiel intéressant comme source de bois d’œuvre en Tunisie. Cette étude visait à analyser les effets de la situation géographique et des conditions forestières sur certaines propriétés phy- siques et mécaniques du bois de Pinus pinea dans le nord de la Tunisie. Les échan- tillons analysés ont été recueillis dans qua- tre sites différents, sur 87 parcelles clas- sées selon la densité des arbres et les para- mètres de fertilité des sols. Des mesures de densité, de retrait et teneur en eau ont été effectuées sur chacun des échantillons, ainsi que des tests de résistance méca- nique. Les premiers résultats indiquent un rapport stable entre les dimensions et la densité du bois de Pinus pinea tunisien. Cependant, le module de rupture (MOR) en flexion et en compression est plus faible que pour d’autres résineux en Tunisie, quelles que soient la situation géogra- phique et la fertilité des sols. L’analyse de régression linéaire montre que la densité des peuplements est le seul paramètre ayant une influence significative sur la variabilité des propriétés du bois, à l’ex- ception de la stabilité dimensionnelle et le retrait volumique. Nos résultats indiquent que la densité croissante des peuplements de Pinus pinea est un paramètre forestier déterminant pour les propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bois de cette essence. Il y aurait ainsi intérêt à améliorer les condi- tions forestières pour obtenir un bois de meilleure qualité.

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Burawska-Kupniewska, Izabela, Sławomir Krzosek, Piotr Mańkowski, and Marek Grześkiewicz. "Quality and Bending Properties of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Sawn Timber." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111200.

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The paper presents the partial research results of a mechanical properties study conducted on Scots pine from the Silesian Forestry Area in Poland. The scope of research included the visual strength grading of the timber according to the PN-D-94021:2013 standard, mechanical testing (according to EN 408:2012) and an attempt to assign visuals to the C strength classes. The EN 1912: 2012 standard assigns the visual sorting classes of individual wood species (according to national sorting standards) to the C strength classes introduced by the EN 338: 2018 standard. At the moment, this standard does not assign Polish visual sorting classes (KW, KS, and KG) to C strength classes. The obtained MOE (modulus of elasticity) and MOR (static bending strength) values were corrected according to the EN 384:2018 standard, and their characteristic values were later calculated. On this basis, we proposed a classification of the grading classes determined on the basis of PN-D-94021 into C classes described in EN 338:2018, which is necessary in the process of the transposition of Polish strength grades (KW, KS, KG, and Reject) and the qualification of them in line with EN 1912:2012. The calculated characteristic values of density, MOR and E0 (the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain) allowed us to assign Polish visual grades KW, KS, and KG to C35, C30, and C20, respectively. The pine timber under research had high physical and mechanical parameters, which translated into high C classes to which the KW, KS, and KG timber categories were assigned.

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26

Xue, Bing, and Ying Cheng Hu. "Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of Pine Laminated Veneer Lumber." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1425.

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Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) panels made from pine (Pinus sylvestris L. Var. mongolica Litven.) veneers were tested for mechanical properties and prediction models in this study. Three different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the LVL. The NDT methods included the longitudinal vibration method, longitudinal transmission method and flexural vibration method. The effects of veneer thickness on the dynamic Young’s modulus and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of pine LVL with vertical load were investigated. There were four variety thickness veneers including 2.2 mm, 2.6 mm, 3.0 mm and 3.4 mm. The results showed that the dynamic Young’s modulus and MOE of LVL diminished with the increase of veneer thickness, there was a strong linearity correlation between each dynamic Young’s modulus and the static MOE, and the prediction models of mechanical properties can be used to predict MOE of pine LVL.

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Anjos, Ofélia, António J. A. Santos, Rogério Simões, and Helena Pereira. "Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers." Holzforschung 68, no. 8 (December 1, 2014): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0125.

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Abstract The pulping properties of cypress species are not known and the present paper aims to filling this gap. Namely, Cupressus lusitanica Mill., C. sempervirens L. and C. arizonica Greene have been submitted to kraft pulping and the pulp properties are compared with those of Pinus pinaster Aiton. and P. sylvestris Watereri as references. Schopper Riegler degree, density, Bekk’s smoothness, tensile index, tear index, burst index, stretch, dry zero-span strength, wet zero-span strength, brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient have been tested. The pulp yields and delignification degrees of cypress woods were lower than those of the pine references. Fibre length, width and coarseness were statistically different between pines and cypress species and C. sempervirens pulps have corresponding data close to those of pine species. Cypress pulps can be refined much faster than pine pulps. The papers sheets of cypress fibres have, in general, lower mechanical performance than those of pine fibres. Papers from C. arizonica and C. lusitanica are similar and C. sempervirens has intermediate properties being between the other cypress and pine species. However, cypress fibres are relatively short, flexible and collapsible and can be refined with low energy demand, and thus could be incorporated into papers resulting in products with better light scattering and smoothness.

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Mustafa, ORDUsup, ATILGANsup Abdi, OZALPsup Murat, and PEKERsup Huseyin. "The effects of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated black pine (Pinus nigra)." International Journal of Physical Sciences 8, no. 19 (May 23, 2013): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps2013.3864.

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29

Bortoletto, G. "Physical–mechanical properties and chemical composition of Pinus taeda mature wood following a forest fire." Bioresource Technology 87, no. 3 (May 2003): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00242-0.

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30

Yildiz, Umit Cafer, Ali Temiz, Engin Derya Gezer, and Sibel Yildiz. "Effects of the wood preservatives on mechanical properties of yellow pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood." Building and Environment 39, no. 9 (September 2004): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.032.

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31

Ramsden, M. J., F. S. R. Blake, and N. J. Fey. "The effect of acetylation on the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and dimensional stability of Pinus sylvestris." Wood Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (April 25, 1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050019.

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32

Zepeda-Cepeda, Christian Osvaldo, José Rodolfo Goche-Télles, Celina Palacios-Mendoza, Oswaldo Moreno-Anguiano, Víctor Daniel Núñez-Retana, Maginot Ngangyo Heya, and Artemio Carrillo-Parra. "Effect of Sawdust Particle Size on Physical, Mechanical, and Energetic Properties of Pinus durangensis Briquettes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093805.

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Particle size is a physical property that sometimes limits the quality of briquettes, so it is recommended to use different sizes in mixtures for their manufacture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different particle sizes of sawdust in mixtures on some physical, mechanical, and energetic properties of briquettes made from Pinus durangensis sawdust, as well as set the ranges within the appropriate values found to obtain desired values. Three particle sizes were established (large, medium, and small), and 10 mixtures were prepared using different percentages of each particle classification. The particle density, volumetric swelling, compressive strength, impact resistance index (IRI), and gross calorific value of the briquettes were evaluated. For the determination of optimal mixtures, the surface response methodology was used under a three-factor simplex-lattice model. The particle density values were in the range 0.92 to 1.02 g cm−3 and the volumetric swelling was 0.96 to 3.9%. The highest resistance to compression was 37.01 N mm−1, and the IRI was found in the range of 53 to 107%. The gross calorific values were from 19.35 to 21.63 MJ kg−1. The selection of different particle sizes for the mixtures increases the quality of the briquettes.

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Torres, Leonel F., Roberto Melo, and Jorge Luiz Colodette. "Bleached kraft pulp production from Pinus tecunumanii (Eguiluz e Perry)." Revista Árvore 29, no. 3 (June 2005): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622005000300017.

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The use of 12-year-old Pinus tecunumanii (Eguiluz e Perry) grown in Colombia was evaluated for bleached kraft pulp production. Kraft pulps of kappa number 30 ± 1 were produced, and oxygen delignified and bleached to 90% ISO with ECF processes. The bleached pulps produced under optimum conditions were evaluated with regard to their strength properties. Pinus tecunumanii wood required low effective alkali charge to reach the desired kappa number and the unbleached pulp showed high oxygen delignification efficiency and bleachability when a OD(EO)DED sequence was used. The bleached pulps presented good physical-mechanical properties, which are comparable to those obtained with more traditional pines such as Pinus taeda and Pinus radiata. The results demonstrate that this tropical pine species is a suitable raw material for bleached kraft pulp production

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Bektaş, İbrahim, Ahmet Tutuş, and Gamze Gültekin. "The Effect of Sapwood and Heartwood Differences on Mechanical Properties of Fast-Growing Tree Species." Drvna industrija 71, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1940.

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In most uses where wood material needs impregnation or dimensional stability is essential, the properties of sapwood and heartwood should be taken into account. Also, due to the structural differences between heartwood and sapwood, differences in the strength of wood materials should be predicted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the differences between the mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of some important fast-growing forest trees. For this purpose, two softwoods (Pinus sylvestris) and (Pinus brutia) and two hardwoods (Populus usbekistanica) and (Eucalyptus grandis) were selected as test trees. Compression strength parallel to grain (CS ǁ), static quality value (IS), bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to grain (TS⊥), shearing strength parallel to grain (SS ǁ), impact bending strength (IBS), dynamic quality value (ID) and Janka hardness values (JH) of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were determined in laboratory studies. The results of the t-test analysis showed that all mentioned mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were separated from each other as significant, except the shear strength of Eucalyptus, dynamic quality values of red pine and Scots pine and Janka hardness value of red pine. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the differences between sapwood and heartwood strength should be taken into account when wood species are used in constructions and other sensitive areas.

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Xue, Bing, Ying Cheng Hu, Fang Chao Cheng, and Li Zhang. "Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pine Laminated Veneer Lumber." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.479.

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In this paper, four different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the pine (Pinus sylvestris L. Var. mongolica Litven.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The NDT methods included the longitudinal transmission method, longitudinal vibration method, in-plane and out-plane flexural vibration method. The effects of the compression ratio on the Young’s modulus and bending strength (MOR) of LVL were investigated. There were four compression ratios for different ply numbers of LVL, 8.1% for eight-ply samples, 18.3% for nine-ply samples, 26.5% for ten-ply samples, 33.1% for eleven-ply samples, respectively. The microscopic structure of the LVL was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the microstructure of LVL changed greatly between different compression ratios. And the dynamic Young’s modulus and static bending (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) were greatly increased when the compression ratio increased form 18.3% to 26.5%.

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Gallio, Ezequiel, Henrique Weber Dalla Costa, Laíse Guerreiro, Nidria Dias Cruz, Rafael Beltrame, and Darci Alberto Gatto. "Characterization of properties and deterioration by termites in the Pinus elliottii Engelm. wood." Scientia Agraria Paranaensis 19, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i3.23682.

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The technological properties of wood are constituted by parameters, which after being analyzed, make it possible to define an appropriate use for this material. However, the deterioration of the wood due to the attack of termites, which find their food source in the chemical components, ends up altering these original technological characteristics, reducing their useful life and compromising their use. Thus, this study aimed to determine some technological properties of Pinus elliottii, as well as to evaluate the influence of deterioration caused by Nasutitermes termites in this wood. Specimens with dimensions of 20 x 20 x 150 mm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) were used as specimens. The physical properties evaluated were the basic density and linear shrinkage (tangential and radial contractions, and anisotropy coefficient), while the mechanical properties were represented through the Janka hardness test and compression parallel to the fibers. After 40 days of the biodeterioration test with Nasutitermes termites, changes in the equilibrium moisture content, retractability, water absorption rate and mechanical properties were evaluated. While the physical and mechanical properties evaluated showed values similar to those found in the literature, the deterioration caused by termites caused a reduction in hardness and parameters related to compression, increasing the dimensional instability of the wood, represented by the variation in the anisotropy coefficient. This made it possible to conclude that the biodeterioration resulting from the attack of termites directly affected the technological parameters of the wood, and consequently, its quality for the use in the purpose it could initially be destined.

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Miller, Z. D., P. N. Peralta, P. H. Mitchell, S. S. Kelley, V. L. Chiang, L. Pearson, W. H. Rottmann, M. W. Cunningham, and I. M. Peszlen. "ANATOMICAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSGENIC LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) MODIFIED FOR INCREASED DENSITY." Wood and Fiber Science 51, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2019-018.

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Krzosek, Sławomir, Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska, and Piotr Mańkowski. "The Influence of Scots Pine Log Type (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the Mechanical Properties of Lumber." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121257.

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The paper presents an analysis of the influence of geographical origin and Scots pine log type on the mechanical properties of the timber sawn from them. The tested timber was sawn from logs obtained from three different forestry regions in Poland, located in the western part of the country. A batch of 150 timber pieces was obtained from each region. The cross-section had the dimensions of 40 mm × 138 mm. The timber was sawn from logs of three different types: butt, middle and top, from a fresh, mixed forest around 120 years old. The timber was dried in industrial conditions and planed four times. The values determined for the timber under research were the static modulus of elasticity in bending (MOE), and the bending strength (MOR). Moreover, timber density (DEN) was determined with the stereometric method. For all three sites, the highest average values of the tested timber properties were obtained for timber made of butt logs, and the lowest for timber made of top logs. It was concluded that the tested Scots pine properties depended on the type of log, and to limited extent, on its geographic origin. The statistical analysis revealed that the geographic origin of the logs that the tested timber was made of had a statistically significant impact on the variance of all the tested timber properties. The type of log also had a statistically significant influence on the variance of all the tested properties.

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Carballo, J., E. Hermoso, and J. I. Fernández-Golfín. "Mechanical properties of structural maritime pine sawn timber from Galicia [Spain] (Pinus pinaster Ait. ssp. atlantica)." Forest Systems 18, no. 2 (August 1, 2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2009182-01058.

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Guler, Cengiz, Yalcin Copur, Mehmet Akgul, and Umit Buyuksari. "Some Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Juvenile Wood from Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Plantations." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 5 (February 15, 2007): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.755.758.

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Kim, Dong-Woo, Sung-Wook Hwang, and Won-Hee Lee. "A Study on The Mechanical Properties of Korean Red Pine (Geumgangsong, Pinus densiflora forma erecta Uyeki)." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 42, no. 1 (January 25, 2014): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2014.42.1.58.

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Oliveira, Stefania Lima, Ticyane Pereira Freire, Tamires Galvão Tavares Pereira, Lourival Marin Mendes, and Rafael Farinassi Mendes. "LAMINAR INCLUSION IN SUGARCANE BAGASSE PARTICLEBOARD." CERNE 23, no. 2 (June 2017): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/010477602017230022229.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to assess the effect of the laminar inclusion on the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane bagasse particleboard. We used the commercial panels of sugarcane bagasse produced in China. To evaluate the effect of the laminar inclusion was tested two wood species (Pinus and Eucalyptus) and two pressures (10 and 15 kgf.cm-2) along with a control (without laminar inclusion). The panels with laminar inclusion obtained improvements in the physical properties, with a significant reduction in the WA2h, WA24h and TS2h. There was a significant increase in the properties MOE and MOR parallel and Janka hardness, while the properties MOE and MOR perpendicular decreased significantly. The pinus and eucalyptus veneers inclusion resulted in similar results when added to the panel with a 10 kgf.cm-2 pressure. The use of 15 kgf.cm-2 pressure is not indicated for the pinus veneer inclusion in sugar cane bagasse panels. There was no effect of the pressure level when evaluating the eucalyptus veneer inclusion on the properties of the sugarcane bagasse panels.

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43

Dubey, Manoj Kumar, Shusheng Pang, Shakti Chauhan, and John Walker. "Dimensional stability, fungal resistance and mechanical properties of radiata pine after combined thermo-mechanical compression and oil heat-treatment." Holzforschung 70, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0174.

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Abstract The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) has been investigated after thermo-mechanically compression (TMC) followed by oil heat-treatment (OHT). Wood specimens were first compressed in the radial direction then heat-treated in a linseed oil bath at 160–210°C. Spring-back percentage, water repellence efficiencies, and compression set recovery percentage were determined as indicators of dimensional stability. The resistance of treated wood against a brown rot fungi was assessed based on an accelerated laboratory fungal decay test. Strength, stiffness and hardness were determined as a function of different treatment parameters. After TMC, high compression set (39%) was achieved without any surface checks and cracks. Specimens undergoing TMC followed by OHT showed relatively less swelling and low compression set recovery under high moisture conditions. The fungal resistance of wood after TMC+OHT slightly increased compared to untreated wood and TMC wood. The mechanical properties of TMC+OHT wood were inferior to those of TMC wood.

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Gaches, Whitney G., Glenn B. Fain, Donald J. Eakes, Charles H. Gilliam, and Jeff L. Sibley. "Comparison of Aged and Fresh WholeTree as a Substrate Component for Production of Greenhouse-Grown Annuals." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.1.39.

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Abstract WholeTree (WT) is a potential renewable greenhouse substrate component created by chipping and milling all aboveground portions of a pine tree (Pinus taeda L.). While research regarding the viability of WT as an alternative substrate component is widely available to growers, the potential benefits of aging WT remain unclear. The growth of Dreams White petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Dreams White’) and Little Hero Yellow marigold (Tagetes patula ‘Little Hero Yellow’) in 1:1 (by vol) fresh WT:peat (FWTP) and 1:1 (by vol) aged WT:peat (AWTP), as well as physical properties of AWTP and FWTP were evaluated. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 17.6% particles greater than 3.2 mm as opposed to 12.4% for FWTP. In Experiment 2, this trend was reversed with 8.1% of AWTP particles greater than 3.2 mm and 20.4% for FWTP. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 90.5% total porosity (TP) as compared to 94.4% with FWTP. Air Space (AS) for AWTP was less than FWTP; AWTP had 10% more container capacity (CC) than FWTP. Bulk Density (BD) was similar in Experiment 1. There was no difference in TP in Experiment 2; however, all other physical properties followed a similar trend to Experiment 1. In both experiments marigolds grown in AWTP generally had a lower leachate pH and a higher EC than those grown in FWTP; a trend which was similar in petunia although differences were not present throughout the entire study. Marigolds grown in AWTP had 33% more blooms and 44% greater dry weight than those grown in FWTP, a trend similar in petunias. Aged WT in this study provided a more suitable substrate component for greenhouse grown marigolds and petunias than fresh WT.

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Salles Ferro, Fabiane, Amós Magalhães Souza, Isabella Imakawa de Araujo, Milena Maria Van Der Neut de Almeida, André Luis Christoforo, and Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr. "Effect of Alternative Wood Species and First Thinning Wood on Oriented Strand Board Performance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4603710.

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This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using and influence of alternative wood species such as Cambará, Paricá, Pinus, and wood from first thinning operations on oriented strand board (OSB) physical and mechanical properties. Besides that, an alternative resin, castor oil-based polyurethane, was used to bond the particles, due to the better environmental performance when compared to other resins commonly used worldwide in OSB production. Physical properties such as the moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption, both after 2 and 24 hours of water immersion, and mechanical properties such as the modulus of elasticity and resistance in static bending, in major and minor axes, and internal bonding were investigated. All tests were performed according to European code EN 300:2006. Results showed the influence of wood species on physical and mechanical properties. Panels made with higher density woods such as Cambará presented better physical performance, while those made with lower density woods such as Pinus presented better mechanical properties. Besides that, strand particle geometry was also influenced on all physical and mechanical properties investigated. Therefore, the feasibility of using alternative species and wood from first thinning and with castor oil-based polyurethane resin in OSB production was verified.

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Wei, Jinguang, Fei Rao, Yuxiang Huang, Yahui Zhang, Yue Qi, Wenji Yu, and Chung-Yun Hse. "Structure, Mechanical Performance, and Dimensional Stability of Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Scrimbers." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5209624.

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Natural wood has certain advantages such as good processability and high specific strength and thus has been used for millennium as a structural material. But the mechanical performance and water resistance, particularly for fast-growing species, are unsatisfactory for high-end applications. In this study, the “new-type” scrimber technology was introduced to radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) scrimbers. The structure, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability of the scrimber panels were investigated. Results showed that OWFMs as basic units of scrimber had been very even in size and superior permeability. The scrimbers exhibited a three-dimensional porous structure, and the porosity had a decrease with increasing density. Both OWFMs and densification contributed to the high performance in terms of mechanical properties and water resistance. The flexural, compressive, and short-beam shearing strength were significantly enhanced with increasing density. As the density was 0.80 g cm−3, the flexural strength (MOR) was approximately 120 MPa, much larger than many selected wood-based panels. Moreover, the water resistance and dimensional stability also were closely related to the density. At the density of 1.39 g cm−3, the water absorption rate and thinness swelling rate of the panels in boiled water were only 19% and 5.7%, respectively.

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Hwang, Sung-Wook, and Won-Hee Lee. "The Mechanical Properties of Heat-Compressed Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) - Effect of Press Temperature & Time -." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (July 25, 2011): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2011.39.4.303.

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Bertolini, Marilia da Silva, César Augusto Galvão de Morais, Francisco Antônio Rocco Lahr, Rodrigo Teixeira Santos Freire, Túlio Hallak Panzera, and André Luis Christoforo. "Particleboards from CCB-Treated Pinus sp. Wastes and Castor Oil Resin: Morphology Analyses and Physical–Mechanical Properties." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 31, no. 11 (November 2019): 05019003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002929.

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Kuqo, Aldi, and Carsten Mai. "Mechanical properties of lightweight gypsum composites comprised of seagrass Posidonia oceanica and pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood fibers." Construction and Building Materials 282 (May 2021): 122714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122714.

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50

AKYUREK, SAHIN, MURAT AKMAN, and MURAT OZALP. "EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON SOME CHEMICAL COMPOUND AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK PINE WOOD." WOOD RESEARCH 66(4) 2021 66, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.4.621629.

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In this study, effects of heat treatment on bending strength, compression strength, chemical compound and solubility of Black pine wood (Pinus nigra J.F.var. seneriana)was examined.For this purpose, Black pine wood samples were kept in temperature of 250°C for 2 hours. Test results of heat-treated Black pine wood and control samples indicated that mechanical characteristics including compression strength and bending strength were affected negatively with heat treatment. Bending strength of heat treated and non-treated test samples were 129 and 76 N.mm-2, respectively. Compression strength of heat treated and non-treated test samples were 53 and 43N.mm-2, resp.In addition, level of extractives, cellulose and hemicellulose decreased while lignin content increased with percentage of 40%. Significant decreases occurred in all chemical solubility values.

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